Electronic cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an electronic cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction method which comprises the following steps: acquiring heat distribution data of an electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity work, simulating internal temperature field distribution of a heating part by adopting a finite element analysis algorithm, and determining the position and temperature gradient value of a local overheating area; key node coordinates are extracted from the flow channel layout path, and adjacent channel sections are combined to form a simplified channel network structure; for the channel network structure, adding an auxiliary structure to expand a heat uniform dispersion range, and determining density distribution of the auxiliary structure; adjusting material composition according to the density distribution of the auxiliary structure, and generating an integrated design scheme; and simulating a circular flow path of a cooling medium in the flow channel and the auxiliary structure, verifying the heat distribution uniformity by adopting the finite element analysis algorithm, and determining a temperature equilibrium index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of information technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode. Background Technology

[0002] In the modern consumer electronics field, e-cigarettes, as an emerging alternative smoking product, hold a crucial position because the performance of their core components directly impacts user experience and product safety. This is especially true for the electrodes, a critical heat-generating component; the quality of heat dissipation not only affects the product's lifespan but also its stability and safety during use. However, current e-cigarette electrodes on the market generally suffer from insufficient heat dissipation under high-intensity operating environments, which has become a core bottleneck restricting the industry's development. Existing heat dissipation methods mostly rely on simple structural designs or external natural heat dissipation, such as increasing the external contact area or selecting materials with better thermal conductivity to improve heat dissipation.

[0003] However, these methods often fail to work effectively within tiny electrodes, especially in high-frequency heating scenarios where heat buildup far exceeds the efficiency of natural heat dissipation. This limitation makes the electrodes prone to localized overheating during continuous operation, impacting overall performance and user experience. A deeper technical challenge lies in constructing an efficient heat dissipation path within an extremely small space. Electrodes are typically only millimeter in size, demanding extremely high precision in their internal structures. Designing tiny flow channels within the electrode to allow the cooling medium to circulate would significantly improve heat transfer efficiency. However, fabricating such tiny channels is extremely difficult, requiring not only high precision but also ensuring stability and durability under complex operating environments. Furthermore, since a single channel design may not fully cover areas with uneven heat distribution, constructing an auxiliary structure outside the channel to widely disperse heat becomes an even more complex problem. For example, during electrode operation, the area near the heat center has the highest temperature, while the edge areas are cooler. Relying solely on tiny channels may result in uneven heat distribution, causing some areas to remain overheated.

[0004] Therefore, how to simultaneously construct precision flow channels and effectively integrate auxiliary heat dissipation structures within a millimeter-scale micro-space to solve the problems of uneven heat distribution and localized overheating has become a key issue in the current field of electronic cigarette electrode design and manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode, mainly including:

[0006] The process involves acquiring heat distribution data of the e-cigarette electrode under high-intensity operation, simulating the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component using finite element analysis (FEM), and determining the location and temperature gradient of local overheated areas. Based on the location of these overheated areas and the temperature gradient, a layout path for flow channels within a small space is designed. A topology optimization algorithm is used to determine the channel geometry to cover areas with uneven heat distribution. Key node coordinates are extracted from the flow channel layout path, and adjacent channel segments are merged to form a simplified channel network structure. For this channel network structure, auxiliary structures are added to expand the range of uniform heat distribution, and the density distribution of these auxiliary structures is determined. The material composition is adjusted based on the density distribution of the auxiliary structures to generate an integrated design scheme. The circulation flow path of the cooling medium in the flow channels and auxiliary structures is simulated, and the uniformity of heat distribution is verified using the FEM to determine the temperature balance index. Residual overheating points are evaluated based on the temperature balance index. If the number of residual overheating points is below a preset threshold, the integrated design scheme is confirmed to be effective, and a complete e-cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction model is output. Furthermore, the step of acquiring the thermal distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operation, and simulating the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component using a finite element analysis algorithm to determine the location and temperature gradient value of the local overheated area, includes: acquiring the thermal distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operating conditions and determining initial boundary conditions; simulating the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component using the finite element analysis algorithm based on the initial boundary conditions to obtain thermal conductivity parameters; calibrating the material thermal conductivity using the thermal conductivity parameters, comparing high-value areas in the temperature field distribution to determine the specific location of the local overheated area and identify the heat source concentration point; calculating heat flow transfer based on the heat source concentration point, introducing boundary heat flow simulation, determining the temperature gradient value, and generating a distribution curve; if the distribution curve exceeds a preset threshold, iteratively updating the material thermal conductivity calibration to obtain the final data of the specific location of the local overheated area and the temperature gradient value.Furthermore, the step of designing the layout path of the flow channel within the micro-space based on the location of the local overheated region and the temperature gradient value, and determining the channel geometry through a topology optimization algorithm, includes: obtaining the distribution of the temperature gradient value based on the location of the local overheated region; simulating the initial layout path of the flow channel within the micro-space using the topology optimization algorithm to determine the path coverage; extracting heat source concentration analysis parameters from the uneven heat distribution portion of the path coverage, introducing boundary condition simulation, determining the input data for geometry calculation, and generating a preliminary model of the channel geometry; calculating the material thermal conductivity calibration value through the preliminary model of the channel geometry, and, combined with the initial path setting, updating the heat distribution coverage scheme if the distribution curve iteration exceeds a preset threshold to obtain an optimized flow channel structure; introducing flow medium distribution simulation from the optimized flow channel structure, obtaining temperature gradient calculation feedback data, determining the heat source concentration analysis adjustment point, simulating the distribution curve iteration under boundary conditions, and generating the final channel geometry. Furthermore, the step of extracting key node coordinates from the flow channel layout path and merging adjacent channel segments to form a simplified channel network structure includes: obtaining the key node coordinate distribution through the flow channel layout path, determining the trend of distance changes between nodes by adjusting the coverage range of the heat source location, and determining a coordinate simplification scheme; introducing temperature gradient distribution simulation for the coordinate simplification scheme, using a distance threshold comparison method, and merging adjacent channel segments if the distance between the node coordinates is less than a preset threshold to determine the merged segment structure; obtaining flow medium distribution parameters from the merged segment structure, simulating and adjusting the medium flow path by combining boundary conditions, and generating a preliminary network structure model; and calculating the channel geometry using the topology optimization algorithm based on the preliminary network structure model, obtaining iterative feedback data of the distribution curve for uneven heat distribution, and generating the simplified channel network structure. Furthermore, the step of adding auxiliary structures to the channel network structure to expand the range of uniform heat distribution and determining the density distribution of the auxiliary structures includes: obtaining the coordinates of auxiliary points from the channel network structure, adjusting the coordinate distribution for the heat distribution path, and determining an integrated point set; adding a grid branch layout through the integrated point set, expanding the branch structure around the channel network structure, and determining the branch expansion boundary; simulating a uniform range based on the branch expansion boundary, introducing density distribution parameters to calculate branch density adjustment, and if the density is lower than a preset threshold, increasing the number of branches to obtain adjusted density data; generating a distribution map based on the adjusted density data, evaluating the branch strength in conjunction with the structural integration nodes, and determining the density distribution of the auxiliary structures.Furthermore, the step of adjusting the material composition based on the density distribution of the auxiliary structure to generate an integrated design scheme includes: obtaining a set of boundary condition data from the density distribution of the auxiliary structure; performing preliminary screening on the thermal conductivity parameter to determine the filtered boundary dataset; determining that if the thermal conductivity in the filtered boundary dataset is higher than a preset threshold, modifying the material ratio of the auxiliary structure, introducing a thermal stability verification process to check the thermal response of the material, and obtaining the modified material data; integrating the point set through the modified material data, expanding the grid branches to cover the heat path, and determining the expanded structural layout; simulating the integration effect based on the expanded structural layout, adjusting the density parameter to generate the final scheme, and determining the integrated design scheme. Furthermore, the simulated cooling medium's circulating flow path in the flow channel and the auxiliary structure, and the verification of heat distribution uniformity using the finite element analysis algorithm, include: obtaining cooling medium flow channel data from the integrated design scheme; performing path simulation for the auxiliary structure distribution to determine a set of circulating flow paths; introducing heat flow path optimization through the set of circulating flow paths; processing heat distribution using the finite element analysis algorithm; calculating the heat conduction equation for each element by dividing into mesh elements; solving for the temperature field distribution; determining the distribution uniformity value; if the distribution uniformity value is lower than a preset threshold, modifying the channel layout parameters and obtaining modified path data; expanding the auxiliary structure mesh based on the modified path data; checking the integration points for thermal response; and generating an expanded layout scheme. Furthermore, the step of evaluating residual hot spots based on the temperature equalization index, and confirming the effectiveness of the integrated design scheme if the number of residual hot spots is lower than a preset threshold, includes: obtaining residual hot spot data from the temperature equalization index; evaluating the thermal conductivity of the electrode material to determine the number of hot spots; comparing the number of hot spots with a preset threshold, and confirming the effectiveness of the integrated design scheme if the number of hot spots is lower than the preset threshold, and obtaining scheme effectiveness confirmation data; expanding the electrode heat dissipation path layout based on the scheme effectiveness confirmation data, introducing auxiliary response check optimization, and determining the path construction model; generating a complete output using the path construction model, verifying the integrated heat distribution of the electronic cigarette electrode, and generating the final heat dissipation path construction model.Furthermore, the layout path of the flow channel within the designed micro-space is determined by a topology optimization algorithm to cover the unevenly distributed heat portion. This includes: obtaining temperature gradient distribution data based on the location of the locally overheated area; simulating the initial layout path using the topology optimization algorithm to determine the coverage boundary; extracting analysis parameters for the unevenly distributed heat portion based on the coverage boundary; introducing boundary condition simulation; generating geometric shape calculation input data; constructing a preliminary channel model; calculating the thermal conductivity calibration value using the preliminary channel model; combining it with the initial path setting; updating the coverage scheme if the distribution curve iteration exceeds a preset threshold; and generating an optimized channel structure; introducing medium distribution simulation from the optimized channel structure; obtaining feedback data based on the flow characteristics of the micro-space; adjusting the heat source concentration point; and generating the final geometry. Furthermore, the step of adding auxiliary structures to expand the range of uniform heat distribution and determining the density distribution of the auxiliary structures includes: extracting auxiliary point coordinate data from the channel network structure, adjusting the coordinate distribution for the heat distribution path, and generating an integrated point set; constructing a grid branch layout using the integrated point set, expanding branches around the channel network structure, and determining the expansion boundary range; simulating the uniform heat distribution effect based on the expansion boundary range, introducing density distribution parameters to adjust the branch density, and increasing the number of branches if the density is lower than a preset threshold to generate adjusted density data; constructing a distribution map based on the adjusted density data, evaluating the branch strength in conjunction with the integrated nodes, and generating the density distribution of the auxiliary structures.

[0007] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention may include the following beneficial effects:

[0008] This invention discloses an intelligent heat dissipation optimization method for electronic cigarette electrodes under high-intensity operation, aiming to solve the performance degradation and safety hazards caused by localized overheating of heat-generating components. By simulating the internal temperature field distribution through finite element analysis, overheated areas and temperature gradients are accurately located. The initial layout of flow channels within a small space is then designed, and topology optimization algorithms are used to optimize the channel geometry to cover areas with uneven heat distribution. This invention constructs an efficient heat dissipation path by simplifying the channel network, integrating auxiliary mesh structures, and adjusting the thermal conductivity of the materials. Simultaneously, the circulation of the cooling medium is simulated to verify the uniformity of heat distribution. Finally, a temperature balance index is output, ensuring that the number of residual overheating points is below a threshold, thus confirming the design's effectiveness. This invention significantly improves the heat dissipation efficiency of electronic cigarette electrodes, extends their service life, ensures operational stability, and provides innovative technical support for related fields. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0011] like Figure 1 This embodiment of a method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode may specifically include:

[0012] S101. The internal temperature field distribution of the heating component of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operation is simulated by finite element analysis algorithm to obtain the specific location and temperature gradient value of the local overheating area.

[0013] Under high-intensity working conditions, thermal distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode is obtained, and the initial boundary conditions of the thermal distribution data are derived. An initial thermal conductivity value k0 is defined in the preprocessing (k0 is the initial thermal conductivity of the material, in watts per meter Kelvin). Based on the initial boundary conditions and k0, a finite element analysis algorithm is used to simulate the interior of the heating component, obtaining the temperature field distribution. For this temperature field distribution, material thermal conductivity calibration is introduced by comparing it with experimental thermal distribution data (calibration refers to the process of iteratively optimizing the thermal conductivity value to match the simulation and experimental results), obtaining the accurate thermal conductivity parameter k. High-value regions are compared in the temperature field distribution to determine the specific location of the local overheating region, obtaining the heat source concentration point of the local overheating region. Using the heat source concentration point, heat flow transfer q = q0 * A (q is the heat flow, q0 is the heat flux density per unit area, A is the area, and the parameters are derived from the simulation boundary conditions), boundary heat flow simulation is introduced to determine the temperature gradient value, obtaining the distribution curve of the temperature gradient value. If the distribution curve exceeds the preset threshold of 50 degrees Celsius per millimeter, the thermal conductivity calibration of the material is iteratively updated according to the deviation to k=k0-Δk (Δk is the adjustment value based on the gradient deviation), thereby optimizing the specific location and temperature gradient value of the local overheated area.

[0014] In one implementation, thermal distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operation is first acquired.

[0015] Specifically, temperature data of the electrode surface and interior are acquired through experimental measurements or sensors, such as using an infrared thermal imager to monitor thermal changes of the electrode in continuous suction mode. This data acquisition process ensures the accuracy of the simulation input and provides fundamental parameters for subsequent finite element analysis. Furthermore, based on the acquired data, a finite element model is established to simulate the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component. The finite element analysis algorithm discretizes the electrode geometry into a finite number of element meshes, for example, using tetrahedral elements to mesh the columnar structure of the electrode. Boundary conditions are set, including heat source inputs such as Joule heat generated by electrode resistance and the environmental heat dissipation coefficient, thereby solving the steady-state or transient heat conduction equations to obtain the overall temperature field distribution.

[0016] It should be noted that the specific steps of finite element analysis include preprocessing, solving, and post-processing. In the preprocessing stage, material properties such as thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are defined; for example, for a nickel-chromium alloy electrode, the thermal conductivity is set to approximately 15 W / m·K. In the solving stage, an iterative method is used to calculate the temperature value at each node, ensuring a convergence accuracy within 0.1℃. Post-processing visualizes the temperature field to help identify potential overheating regions. This simulation focuses on a typical electronic cigarette heating coil electrode, setting up both continuous and intermittent vaping conditions.

[0017] For example, for elongated electrodes, the temperature distribution was simulated under high-intensity operation for 30 seconds of continuous heating, and the heat conduction process from the center to the edge was observed. This scenario demonstrates the versatility of the technical solution in optimizing e-cigarette products and can reveal design flaws.

[0018] Preferably, the specific location and temperature gradient value of the localized overheating area are obtained. By analyzing the temperature field results, areas where the temperature exceeds a threshold such as 150°C are identified, such as hot spots at the connection between the electrode and the atomizer. Simultaneously, the temperature gradient is calculated, which is the temperature difference between adjacent nodes divided by the distance; for example, the gradient value in the overheating area can reach 50°C / mm. This quantification helps in assessing safety risks.

[0019] For example, in another embodiment, the electrodes of electronic cigarette devices with different power levels are simulated. First, a finite element model is constructed. Inputs include the electrode geometry, adiabatic boundary conditions, stainless steel material properties such as thermal conductivity k = 15 W / m Kelvin, and heat source power of 5 W (low power) and 20 W (high power). The output is temperature field data. The model preparation process involves mesh generation, such as increasing the mesh density to 100,000 elements to refine the calculation and improve simulation accuracy, thereby more accurately locating overheated areas. For instance, the temperature distribution is more uniform in the low-power mode, while localized overheating is more pronounced in the high-power mode.

[0020] Understandably, the technical effect of this method lies in improving the safety of e-cigarettes, for example, by identifying overheating locations to guide material improvements or structural optimizations, thus avoiding the risk of burns to users during use. This objective description ensures the practicality of the solution.

[0021] Specifically, the core of the finite element analysis algorithm lies in the matrix solution process, such as assembling the global stiffness matrix and applying the finite element method to approximate the heat conduction equation, where the finite element method solves partial differential equations through discretization. Although it does not involve complex formulas, the process includes the calculation of boundary integrals and internal volume integrals to ensure the continuity of the temperature field. This method enhances the flexibility of the solution without changing its application scope in the e-cigarette field.

[0022] In one embodiment, the simulation results are verified by comparing them with experimental data, for example, by calculating that the root mean square error is less than 5%, thus confirming the effectiveness of the model. This verification step enhances the reliability of the technical solution.

[0023] S102. Based on the obtained location of the local overheated area and temperature gradient value, determine the initial layout path of the flow channel in the small space, and use the topology optimization algorithm to calculate the channel geometry to cover the part with uneven heat distribution.

[0024] Based on the location of the local overheated region, the temperature gradient distribution is obtained. A topology optimization algorithm is used to simulate the initial layout path of the flow channel within a micro-space, where the flow channel refers to the cooling channel used for heat transfer in a micrometer-level space, thus obtaining the path coverage range. For the path coverage range, heat source concentration analysis parameters are extracted from the uneven heat distribution areas, including heat source density and location parameters. Boundary condition simulation is introduced to determine the input data for geometric shape calculation, obtaining a preliminary model of the channel geometry. Using the preliminary model of the channel geometry, the material thermal conductivity calibration value is calculated. The calibration is based on experimental thermal conductivity data and finite element simulation. The input is the initial thermal conductivity value and temperature distribution data, and the output is the calibrated thermal conductivity value. Combined with the initial path setting, if the distribution curve iteration exceeds a preset threshold (the distribution curve refers to the temperature distribution curve, and the preset threshold is 0.1), the heat distribution coverage scheme is updated, which refers to the heat flow path adjustment scheme, resulting in an optimized flow channel structure. From the optimized flow channel structure, a flow medium distribution simulation is introduced. This simulation refers to a fluid dynamics-based medium distribution model, targeting the flow characteristics in small spaces (specifically laminar flow with a Reynolds number less than 1). Feedback data from temperature gradient calculations is obtained to determine the adjustment points for the concentrated heat source analysis parameters. Using these adjustment points, the distribution curves under boundary conditions are iterated to obtain the final channel geometry, covering the areas with uneven heat distribution.

[0025] In one implementation, the initial layout path of the flow channels within the small space is first determined based on the obtained location of the local overheated area and the temperature gradient value.

[0026] Specifically, the overheated area is considered the critical coverage area. First, a three-dimensional model of the electrode is constructed using finite element analysis software based on the electrode's geometric parameters and material properties. Then, the temperature gradient distribution is mapped onto this model, and the start and end points of the channel paths are planned.

[0027] For example, in the columnar structure of an e-cigarette electrode, if the overheating points are concentrated near the central axis, the initial path can start from the bottom of the electrode and extend upwards along the axis to the atomizer connection. This path determination process takes into account space constraints, such as the electrode diameter typically being less than 5 millimeters, to ensure that the channel does not interfere with the original structure.

[0028] It should be noted that the initial layout employs a meshing method, discretizing the space into small cells and prioritizing the connection of high-gradient nodes based on temperature gradient values ​​to form preliminary path curves, thus providing a foundation for subsequent optimization. Specifically, Dijkstra's algorithm is used, with temperature gradients as weights. The input consists of a discrete mesh and gradient values, and the output is the shortest path connecting high-gradient nodes. The process involves expanding neighboring high-gradient nodes from the starting node until the target, forming the path curve. Further, a topology optimization algorithm is used to calculate the channel geometry to cover areas with uneven heat distribution. Topology optimization is a density-based structural optimization method that minimizes thermal resistance or maximizes heat dissipation efficiency by iteratively adjusting the material distribution. The specific process involves setting an objective function, such as minimizing the average temperature or constraining the maximum temperature gradient, and then introducing virtual density variables into the finite element model, assigning density values ​​from 0 to 1 to each element, representing voids or solids. The algorithm uses sensitivity analysis to calculate the impact of density changes on the target and updates the density distribution using an optimizer such as the moving asymptote method until convergence. The moving asymptote method is a nonlinear programming algorithm that takes the current density and sensitivity as input and outputs the updated density distribution. The process optimizes the distribution by introducing an asymptote to approximate the constraint function and iteratively solving subproblems. This computation covers thermally uneven regions; for example, in high-power electrode mode, the algorithm can generate branched channel shapes, extending to areas with gradient values ​​exceeding 30 degrees Celsius per millimeter, ensuring uniform heat conduction.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the initial layout path is adjusted in various ways for the electrodes of different e-cigarette models.

[0030] For example, for flat electrodes, the path can be designed as a spiral to bypass overheated hotspots, while in cylindrical electrodes, a straight-line plus branched layout is used. Through topology optimization, the channel geometry can evolve from an initial circular cross-section to an ellipse or polygon to minimize flow resistance in small spaces. This versatility demonstrates the applicability of the technical solution in the thermal management of e-cigarettes.

[0031] For example, considering applications in low-power electronic cigarette devices, based on overheating region data, the initial path starts from one end of the electrode and extends in a curved manner along the temperature gradient. A topology optimization algorithm introduces boundary conditions into the calculations, such as constraining the volume fraction of the flow channels (the proportion of channel volume to the total design volume) to within 20%, and generates the final shape through multiple iterations, for example, forming a mesh-like channel network to cover uneven heat distribution areas. This implementation ensures the channels respond specifically to heat distribution.

[0032] Understandably, the core of this method lies in the combination of path determination and algorithmic computation; the former provides a data-driven starting point, while the latter achieves geometric refinement. In implementation, the optimization results can be verified by simulating heat flow distribution, for example, by comparing temperature uniformity before and after optimization, thereby confirming the effective coverage of the channel layout.

[0033] In one embodiment, for electronic cigarette electrodes operating under high intensity, the initial layout path preferentially connects multiple overheated regions to form a closed-loop structure. The topology optimization algorithm then handles the geometric evolution process in detail: employing the solid isotropic microscopic penalty function method (SIMP), with the objective function being to minimize thermal resistance, a uniform density field is first initialized, and then the sensitivity of each iteration step is calculated (based on derivative calculations from finite element analysis). Low-contribution materials are gradually removed through gradient descent to form efficient channels, iterating until the density change is less than 0.01.

[0034] For example, in space-constrained atomizer cores, the algorithm can generate micron-level branched channels to cover edge regions with high thermal gradients. This detailed process is achieved through economical techniques such as 3D printing and laser processing, enhancing the practicality of the solution in the e-cigarette field. Furthermore, in another implementation, real-time temperature data obtained through an embedded thermistor sensor is used to adjust the initial path, for example, dynamically mapping overheated areas in continuous vaping mode. Topology optimization is extended to a multi-objective function, employing the NSGA-II method, simultaneously considering flow pressure loss to ensure that the generated channel shape balances heat dissipation and structural integrity. The objective functions include f1 (thermal conductivity) and f2 (pressure loss), with the constraint that the structural strength is greater than 50 MPa.

[0035] It should be noted that the calculation process of the topology optimization algorithm avoids reliance on manual design and achieves accurate coverage through automated iteration, thus providing reliable support in the iteration of e-cigarette products.

[0036] For example, in the design of a compact e-cigarette, the initial layout path can radiate outward from the center of the overheated area, and the algorithm calculates a tree-like geometry to evenly distribute the heat.

[0037] In one embodiment, after the verification channel was optimized, an increase in the coverage of the thermal uneven region was observed. The coverage of the thermal uneven region is the proportion of the channel covering the area with a temperature more than 5 degrees Celsius above the average value. Through finite element simulation quantification, the overall peak temperature of the electrode was objectively reduced.

[0038] Step S103: Extract the coordinates of key nodes from the determined flow channel layout path. If the distance between node coordinates is less than a preset threshold, such as 0.5 mm, merge adjacent channel segments to obtain a simplified channel network structure. Geometrically, the total channel length is shortened by 20%, and the number of nodes is reduced by 30% in the topology, simplifying the overall layout.

[0039] By obtaining the coordinate distribution of key nodes through the flow channel layout path and combining it with the heat source location coverage determined based on heat source distribution data, an adjustment scheme is obtained by judging the trend of distance changes between nodes. For the coordinate simplification scheme, temperature gradient distribution simulation is introduced. Based on the simulation results, a distance threshold comparison method is used. If the distance between node coordinates is less than a preset threshold, adjacent channel segments are merged to determine the merged segment structure. The flow medium distribution parameters are obtained from the merged segment structure. Combined with boundary condition simulation, the simulated medium flow path is adjusted to obtain a preliminary network structure model. This model includes channel segment geometric parameters, node coordinates, and medium flow parameters. Based on the preliminary network structure model, the SIMP topology optimization algorithm is used to calculate the channel geometry. For parts with uneven heat distribution, distribution curves are obtained, and iterative feedback data is used to obtain the simplified channel network structure.

[0040] In one implementation, key node coordinates are extracted from a defined flow channel layout path. These key node coordinates refer to the three-dimensional position data of turning points, branch points, or endpoints in the path. For example, in a columnar model of an electronic cigarette electrode, the path is represented by a grid, discretizing the path curve into a series of nodes, each node recording x, y, and z coordinate values.

[0041] Specifically, the extraction process is based on the geometric features of the path. An algorithm scans the path curve, identifying points where the curvature change exceeds a preset value as key nodes, thus forming a coordinate list. This extraction ensures the accuracy of subsequent judgments and provides a data foundation for simplifying the channel network. Furthermore, if the distance between node coordinates is less than a preset threshold, adjacent channel segments are merged. The preset threshold is typically set as a fraction of the channel diameter; for example, in a 4mm diameter electronic cigarette electrode structure, the threshold could be set to 0.5mm to avoid structural complexity caused by overly dense nodes. Distance calculation uses the Euclidean distance formula, comparing the straight-line distance between adjacent nodes. If the distance is less than the threshold, these nodes are considered mergeable points.

[0042] It should be noted that this judgment process takes into account spatial constraints to ensure that merging does not affect the connectivity of the heat conduction path. For example, in high-power e-cigarette mode, the thermal gradient G of each node is first calculated as the rate of temperature change. If G > 5K / m, it is considered high and the node is preferentially retained and not included in the merging. Then, the distance threshold rule is applied for merging to ensure that the priority rule dominates and avoids conflicts.

[0043] For example, in a cylindrical electronic cigarette electrode, the extracted key node coordinates (referring to the coordinates of representative points extracted from the channel, such as the bottom start point, the midpoint of the axis, and the top end point) may include the bottom start point, the midpoint of the axis, and the top end point. If the distance between two midpoints is less than a threshold (e.g., 10 micrometers), and the path deviation after merging does not exceed 5%, they are merged into a single node, and the corresponding channel segment is fused into a straight line segment. This merging reduces channel tortuosity and lowers flow resistance.

[0044] Preferably, the path curvature is recalculated after merging to verify structural integrity. The path curvature is calculated using the formula κ=|r''(s)|, where κ is the curvature, r(s) is the path parameterization function, and r''(s) is its second derivative. It is understood that the simplified channel network structure is obtained through iterative application of merging rules. The initial path may contain multiple redundant segments; after judgment and merging, a simplified network is formed, for example, transforming from a tree structure to a linear layout with a few branches. In the application of e-cigarette atomizing cores, this network covers overheated areas (defined as areas with temperatures exceeding 150 degrees Celsius) while reducing volume by more than 10%, ensuring uniform heat distribution.

[0045] In one possible implementation, for flat e-cigarette electrodes, planar projection is prioritized when extracting node coordinates, and the threshold is fixed at 0.3 mm. A weighting factor is introduced into the judgment process, calculating the weighted distance using the formula w = t / d, where w is the weight, t is the temperature data sourced from the electrode sensor, and d is the distance. If heat-sensitive nodes (nodes with temperatures exceeding 50 degrees Celsius) are too close, they are forcibly merged to generate a compact network. This approach adapts to different electrode shapes, demonstrating the flexibility of the technology. Furthermore, the threshold is adjusted based on dynamic thermal data from the electrode. For example, in continuous use scenarios, the node coordinate list is updated in real time, and high-temperature nodes are retained during merging to form a mesh structure. This simplified network shows better thermal uniformity in simulations, objectively reducing peak temperatures.

[0046] Specifically, the extraction of key node coordinates can be achieved through software tools. Path data is imported into the finite element model, and nodes are automatically labeled. When determining distances, coordinate pairs are iterated, threshold filtering is applied, and merging segments involves reconnecting paths to ensure no breaks. The resulting network structure is used in electronic cigarette design for prototyping, providing efficient thermal management.

[0047] In one embodiment, in a low-power electronic cigarette device, after extracting nodes, if the distance between multiple branch segments is less than a threshold, they are merged into a single channel, simplifying the network from a complex mesh to a linear path. This simplification improves manufacturing feasibility.

[0048] It's important to note that the core of the entire process lies in the sequential logic of extraction, judgment, and merging. First, the provided data is extracted, then judgment drives merging, and finally, the network is output. This logic ensures the targeted nature of the solution in e-cigarette thermal optimization.

[0049] For example, in compact electronic cigarette electrodes, the simplified channel network can form a closed-loop structure that covers the edge overheating area. By merging, the number of nodes is reduced, achieving structural simplification and improved thermal efficiency.

[0050] S104. For the obtained channel network structure, obtain the integration points of the auxiliary structure, expand the range of uniform heat distribution by adding grid-like branches around the channel network, and determine the density distribution map of the auxiliary structure.

[0051] Auxiliary point coordinates are obtained from the channel network topology. The coordinate distribution is adjusted based on the heat flow path (i.e., heat dispersion path) extracted from the channel network topology to obtain an integrated point set. A grid branch layout is added to the integrated point set to expand the branch structure around the network and determine the branch expansion boundary. A uniform range is simulated using the finite element method based on the branch expansion boundary. The input is the branch expansion boundary, and the output is the uniform range distribution. The branch density adjustment is calculated by introducing density distribution parameters, i.e., D=N / A (D is density, N is the number of branches, and A is the area). If the density is lower than a preset threshold of 0.5, the number of branches is increased to obtain the adjusted density data. A distribution map is generated based on the adjusted density data. The branch strength is evaluated using S=F / L (S is strength, F is force, and L is length) in conjunction with key connection points (i.e., structural integration nodes) to determine the density distribution map of the auxiliary structure.

[0052] In one implementation, for the obtained channel network structure, integration points for auxiliary structures are first identified. These integration points refer to locations in the channel network where auxiliary branches can be added. For example, in a columnar model of an electronic cigarette electrode, nodes with low curvature or high thermal gradients are identified as potential points by scanning the surface of the channel path.

[0053] Specifically, the acquisition process is based on geometric analysis, calculating the boundary coordinates of the channel network and selecting points no more than a preset spacing from the main channel path. For example, in an electrode structure with a diameter of 5 mm, the spacing is set to 1 mm. This point acquisition ensures seamless integration of the auxiliary structure with the original network, providing a foundation for subsequent expansion. Furthermore, the heat uniformity distribution range is expanded by adding grid-like branches around the channel network. Grid-like branches refer to mesh channel segments extending outwards from the integration points; these segments form an intersecting structure to cover more heat source areas.

[0054] For example, in a cylindrical electronic cigarette electrode, starting from the integration point (i.e. the connection node between the main channel and the auxiliary structure), a small branch perpendicular to the main channel is added. The spacing between the branches is adjusted according to the finite element thermal simulation data (calculated using ANSYS software based on the thermal conduction equation model), for example, a spacing of 0.8 mm, to enhance the conduction of heat from the center to the edge.

[0055] It should be noted that this addition process takes into account material constraints, namely, the branch volume does not exceed 10% of the total volume, ensuring that the branches do not excessively increase the overall volume while maintaining the connectivity of the flow channels. Preferably, after adding the grid-like branches, the density distribution map of the auxiliary structure is determined, where the auxiliary structure is the grid-like branches. Specifically, the process involves statistically analyzing the number and location of branches around the channel network, and generating a heatmap using the density calculation formula D = N / A, where D is the density, N is the number of branches, and A is the area of ​​the region. The density distribution map is a visual representation showing the density of branch distribution around the channel network, for example, using a heatmap to mark high-density areas.

[0056] Specifically, the process involves counting the number of branches around each integration point (i.e., the key location of heat concentration in the electrode calculated through thermal simulation) to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional graph. In flat e-cigarette electrodes, the branch density in high-heat areas can reach 3 branches per square millimeter. This graph helps to assess thermal uniformity.

[0057] In one possible implementation, for compact electronic cigarette electrodes, the integration points are first obtained through finite element analysis to calculate the temperature field. Initial points with a temperature gradient exceeding 0.5 degrees Celsius per millimeter are selected. Then, points symmetrical about the axis of rotation (i.e., points that are rotationally symmetrical about the electrode's central axis) are prioritized, with the criterion being the uniform distribution of these points across the axial cross-section. The range is expanded by adding annular mesh branches, and the density distribution map is generated based on the temperature gradient, demonstrating how the branches uniformly cover the overheated area. This approach adapts to small-volume structures, showcasing the flexibility of the technology.

[0058] Understandably, in another embodiment, in low-power e-cigarette devices, the integrated point acquisition incorporates an endpoint-first strategy, suitable for devices with power less than 10 watts to optimize energy distribution. This strategy complements the axis-symmetry-first strategy (suitable for high-power devices) and the heat-sensitive node strategy (suitable for high-temperature sensitive components), forming a complementary selection logic. Selection is based on differences in device power and thermal requirements, ensuring uniformity. Linear grid branches are added to minimize drag, and the density map is plotted through node counting, ensuring that the thermal dispersion range expands without affecting atomization efficiency. Furthermore, in e-cigarette electrodes used in continuous use scenarios, the acquisition points can be dynamically adjusted. This adjustment is based on thermal sensor monitoring, triggered when the temperature exceeds a preset threshold of 50 degrees Celsius. Algorithm A (A is a linear optimization algorithm that calculates the thermal gradient G, G=ΔT / Δd, where ΔT is the temperature difference and Δd is the distance, adjusting the points to minimize G) is employed. A layered grid is introduced when branches are added, and the density distribution map is updated in real time to reflect thermal changes. This expansion improves the stability of long-term thermal management.

[0059] In one embodiment, for high-power e-cigarette mode, thermally sensitive nodes (i.e., key component locations with temperatures exceeding 80 degrees Celsius selected based on thermal simulation data) are integrated into the point selection process. Dense grid branches are added to expand the dispersion range, and the density map quantitatively displays coverage exceeding 90%, ensuring a reduction in peak temperature. It should be noted that the entire process, from point acquisition through branch expansion to density map generation and density determination, forms a closed chain. This consistent application of the main logic across different power levels, volumes, and scenarios provides a foundation for efficient thermal optimization.

[0060] S105. Extract boundary condition data from the determined auxiliary structure density distribution map. If the thermal conductivity in the boundary condition data is higher than the preset threshold, adjust the auxiliary structure material composition to obtain the optimized integrated design scheme.

[0061] Boundary condition data sets are obtained from the density distribution map of the auxiliary structure. Preliminary screening is performed based on the thermal conductivity parameter to obtain a filtered boundary dataset. If the thermal conductivity in the filtered boundary dataset exceeds a preset threshold, the material composition of the auxiliary structure is modified. A thermal stability verification process is introduced, which involves simulating the stress and deformation of the material at high temperatures using finite element analysis to check the material's thermal response, resulting in modified material data. The modified material data is then integrated into a set of points—key coordinate points extracted from the density distribution map. The mesh branches, i.e., the extended sub-mesh of the structural mesh, are expanded to cover the heat path, i.e., the flow path in the heat conduction simulation, thus determining the expanded structural layout. Based on the expanded structural layout, the integration effect is simulated using finite element software, which inputs the expanded layout and outputs indicators such as thermal distribution uniformity. Density parameters are adjusted to generate the final scheme, resulting in an optimized integrated design scheme.

[0062] In one implementation, boundary condition data is extracted from a determined auxiliary structure density map. This process first involves analyzing the density map, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation generated in previous steps, showing the density of auxiliary structure branches around the channel network.

[0063] Specifically, extracting boundary condition data includes identifying thermally relevant parameters of edge regions in the image. For example, in a cylindrical e-cigarette electrode model, the Canny edge detection algorithm is used to scan the boundary lines of the density map radially, collecting data points such as thermal conductivity and temperature gradient. These data points are calculated based on the marked high-density and low-density regions in the image. For example, thermal conductivity k = 0.5*(ρ_h - ρ_l), where k is thermal conductivity, ρ_h is the high-density value, and ρ_l is the low-density value; temperature gradient ∇T = (T_h - T_l) / d, where ∇T is the temperature gradient, T_h is the temperature of the high-density region, T_l is the temperature of the low-density region, and d is the distance between the two regions, ensuring that the extraction covers the entire outer contour of the auxiliary structure. Furthermore, the boundary condition data extraction process needs to consider the geometric characteristics of the e-cigarette electrode.

[0064] For example, in the design of cylindrical electronic cigarette electrodes, the density distribution map may be presented in the form of a heat map. When extracting the data, pixel coordinate transformation is used (that is, the image pixels are mapped to the actual physical location through a linear transformation, the input is the pixel coordinates, and the output is the corresponding physical coordinate value) to obtain the thermal conductivity value at the boundary.

[0065] Specifically, this extraction can be achieved through layered scanning. First, it expands outwards from the center of a density map generated using simulation software, recording boundary layer data such as the distribution of thermal conductivity k (k = a × ρ + b, where a and b are material constants) in different regions, based on the density ρ. This method ensures data integrity and provides a foundation for subsequent analysis.

[0066] Preferably, if the thermal conductivity in the boundary condition data is higher than a preset threshold, appropriate processing is performed. Thermal conductivity refers to a material's ability to transfer heat; in this context, it is a value directly read from the extracted data. The preset threshold is set according to the material standards of the electronic cigarette electrode; for example, in low-power electronic cigarette devices, the threshold may be based on the thermal properties of common alloys.

[0067] Specifically, the judgment process involves comparing the thermal conductivity of each boundary data point with a threshold; if it exceeds the threshold, the area is marked as needing adjustment. This judgment can be achieved by traversing the dataset point by point, ensuring comprehensive coverage.

[0068] In one possible implementation, for flat electronic cigarette electrodes, a region grouping strategy is incorporated when determining thermal conductivity. First, the extracted boundary condition data is divided into multiple sub-regions, for example, grouped by quadrant of the electrode surface. Then, the average thermal conductivity is calculated for each sub-region and compared with a preset threshold.

[0069] Specifically, if the average value of a certain sub-region exceeds a threshold, such as the value commonly found in high-heat areas, an adjustment mechanism is triggered. This grouping helps to address non-uniform distributions in the electrode structure.

[0070] It should be noted that adjusting the composition of auxiliary structural materials is a step performed based on the assessment results. The composition of auxiliary structural materials includes the substances used for the branches added around the channel network, such as metal alloys or composite materials. The channel network refers to the network of heat transfer paths in the auxiliary structure, and the branches refer to the support structures extending from the channel network. If the thermal conductivity exceeds the threshold of 50 W / m Kelvin, the composition is modified by replacing or mixing materials.

[0071] Specifically, in compact e-cigarette electrodes, adjustments may involve replacing highly thermally conductive materials, such as copper alloys, with medium-thermal-conductivity options to balance overall performance. This process ensures that material changes are targeted at specific boundary areas.

[0072] For example, when adjusting the material composition of e-cigarette electrodes for continuous use, durability is a primary consideration. Starting with identified areas of high thermal conductivity, a list of candidate materials is selected from a materials database. For instance, adding ceramic composites can reduce localized thermal conductivity, and their effect on improving electrode durability is evaluated.

[0073] Specifically, the adjustment steps include calculating the proportion of the new material. First, parameters such as the density d1 and viscosity v1 of the original material, and the density d2 and viscosity v2 of the new additive are determined. Then, the mixing ratio is calculated using the formula p = (0.7 * d1 * v1 + 0.3 * d2 * v2) / (0.7 + 0.3), where p is the new ratio, and 0.7 and 0.3 are weighting coefficients adjusted based on experience. Next, compatibility is verified by conducting simulated channel network flow tests to check if the mixture adhesion rate exceeds 95%, and parameters are adjusted to ensure long-term operational stability. This method is suitable for long-term operating environments.

[0074] Understandably, in another embodiment, for high-power e-cigarette modes, material adjustments incorporate a hierarchical strategy. This hierarchical strategy refers to the process of optimizing materials in layers based on thermal conductivity thresholds (e.g., K > 2 W / mK, where K is thermal conductivity): first, boundary data is evaluated; if the thermal conductivity of multiple regions exceeds the threshold, then the auxiliary structure is adjusted layer by layer, for example, using high-heat-dissipation materials for the inner layer and low-heat-dissipation options for the outer layer. The specific construction includes data acquisition, threshold comparison, and material allocation, ensuring rapid heat dissipation in the inner layer and heat insulation in the outer layer during application.

[0075] Specifically, this adjustment begins at the boundary of the density distribution map generated by the topology optimization algorithm and gradually expands inward. The density distribution map is defined as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional graph representing material density, ensuring a uniform material composition throughout the auxiliary structure. Furthermore, the optimized integrated design is obtained by integrating the aforementioned steps to form the final output. This design applies the adjusted material composition to the channel network and auxiliary structure, forming a complete electronic cigarette electrode design.

[0076] Specifically, in the cylindrical model based on finite element analysis, the input to the model is material properties and boundary condition data, and the output is an optimized density distribution. The scheme includes an updated density distribution map and a list of material specifications, ensuring that all the boundary condition data mentioned above are processed.

[0077] In one embodiment, for low-power electronic cigarette devices, the generation of the integrated design involves a verification step. First, an adjusted material is obtained by optimizing the initial material composition, and a density distribution map is regenerated based on this. Then, it is confirmed whether the thermal conductivity k meets the threshold requirement, i.e., k is greater than or equal to 5 W / mK, where k is the thermal conductivity, W is watts, m is meters, and K is Kelvin.

[0078] Specifically, this verification is achieved through finite element analysis software. Material parameters and structural models are input, and the final solution document, covering material details, is output. Preferably, the entire process, from experimental data extraction to simulation verification and result integration, forms a logical chain, providing a foundation for material optimization in the electrode design of low-power electronic cigarette devices.

[0079] For example, in a flat structure, the design can include a variety of material combinations, demonstrating flexibility in adjustment.

[0080] S106. Based on the obtained integrated design scheme, acquire the cooling medium flow channel data, perform path simulation for the distribution of auxiliary structures, calculate the heat distribution using the finite element analysis algorithm, and verify the uniformity. If the temperature gradient is less than 5 degrees Celsius, the final temperature balance index is obtained.

[0081] Cooling medium flow channel data is obtained from the integrated design scheme. Path simulation is performed on the auxiliary structure distribution to obtain a set of circulating flow paths. Heat flow path optimization is introduced through this set of circulating flow paths. This optimization uses the path set as input and employs an iterative adjustment method to optimize the heat flow path, outputting the optimized path. The heat distribution is then processed using a finite element analysis algorithm. The finite element analysis algorithm calculates the Fourier heat conduction equation k∇²T+Q=ρc∂T / ∂t for each element by dividing it into mesh elements (element size 0.1mm). (where k is thermal conductivity, T is temperature, Q is heat source, ρ is density, and c is specific heat capacity). An isothermal boundary condition is set, and the input data comes from the channel data. The temperature field distribution is solved to determine the distribution uniformity value. If the distribution uniformity value is lower than a preset threshold, the channel layout parameters (such as width and spacing, obtained from the cooling medium flow channel data, modified based on the uniformity value being lower than the threshold) are obtained, and the modified path data is acquired. Based on the modified path data, the auxiliary structure mesh is expanded. For the integrated points used in thermal response checks (the integrated points are key temperature monitoring points; temperature consistency at each point is checked through thermal response simulation), an expanded layout scheme is obtained. The temperature response is then simulated using the expanded layout scheme to determine the final temperature equilibrium index.

[0082] In one implementation, based on the obtained integrated design, the circulating flow path of the cooling medium in the flow channels and auxiliary structures is first simulated. This process begins by extracting the geometric model of the channel network and auxiliary branches from the design, and the cooling medium, such as air or a dedicated coolant, is introduced into the simulation environment.

[0083] Specifically, the simulation employs fluid dynamics principles to track the flow trajectory of the medium from the inlet into the channel network and through the auxiliary structural branches, ensuring coverage of the entire heat-generating area of ​​the electronic cigarette electrode.

[0084] For example, in the design of cylindrical e-cigarette electrodes, flow path simulation considers the medium flowing axially and branching to the sidewall auxiliary structure, forming a closed loop for heat dissipation. This simulation helps identify potential flow bottleneck areas, providing basic data for subsequent verification. In this way, the continuity of the path is confirmed, forming a logical preparatory step. Furthermore, simulating the circulating flow path of the cooling medium needs to take into account the specific structural characteristics of the e-cigarette electrode.

[0085] It should be noted that flow channels are typically designed in a spiral or grid pattern to enhance medium distribution, while auxiliary structures serve as extension branches, providing additional paths.

[0086] For example, in a flat electronic cigarette electrode, the simulation process first defines the inlet velocity and pressure parameters, then tracks how the medium is diverted from the main channel to auxiliary branches to achieve uniform coverage. The entire path simulation is achieved by iteratively calculating the medium velocity and pressure fields, avoiding local accumulation. This method ensures a complete description of the path and is closely integrated with the overall design scheme.

[0087] Preferably, verifying the uniformity of heat distribution using the finite element analysis algorithm is a crucial step based on the simulated path. Finite element analysis is a numerical method that discretizes the electronic cigarette electrode model into a finite number of element meshes to solve the heat conduction equations.

[0088] Specifically, this algorithm first generates a mesh, using a fine mesh, for example, in high-density auxiliary structure regions, to capture details. Then, boundary conditions such as heat source locations and cooling medium flow rates are set. The validation process involves iteratively solving for the temperature field distribution, calculating the temperature value at each mesh point, and ensuring that the temperature distribution uniformity is evaluated using the standard deviation index.

[0089] In one possible implementation, for compact e-cigarette electrodes, the analysis algorithm considers multiphysics coupling, including heat flow and fluid dynamics, to progressively solve the conduction process from heat generation to heat dissipation. This detailed verification helps identify non-uniform regions and provides data support for optimization. Through finite element analysis, the uniformity of heat distribution is quantitatively evaluated, forming the core support for the technical solution.

[0090] Understandably, the implementation of finite element analysis algorithms requires an explanation of its framework and strategies to ensure clarity. The framework comprises four stages: model building, mesh generation, equation solving, and post-processing. First, model building is based on an integrated design scheme, importing geometric data for channels and auxiliary structures. Second, mesh generation employs the h-adaptive method, which iteratively refines the mesh based on error estimation, increasing density in boundary regions with high thermal gradients. Specifically, this process includes generating an initial uniform mesh, calculating local errors, refining elements if they exceed a threshold of 0.01, and setting a gradient threshold of 10 K per m to identify high gradient regions. Then, the equation solving uses finite element discretization, transforming the continuous heat conduction equations into matrix form, and solving for temperature distribution using iterative algorithms such as the conjugate gradient method. Finally, post-processing calculates uniformity indices, such as temperature variance.

[0091] In one embodiment, for high-power e-cigarette electrodes, this analysis strategy performs partitioned solutions for the branches of the auxiliary structure, first verifying the heat distribution of the inner channel and then extending to the outer layer to ensure overall balance. This explanation clarifies the cause and effect of the analysis process, leading to more reliable thermal management and preventing electrode overheating. In another embodiment, for low-power e-cigarette electrodes, the verification of the finite element analysis algorithm incorporates a simplification strategy.

[0092] Specifically, the algorithm reduces the number of meshes to improve computational efficiency while maintaining accurate assessment of heat distribution uniformity. Temperature and flow field data of the cooling medium are obtained by simulating its path; this data is used as boundary conditions input into the finite element analysis model, and the solution results show the temperature gradient variation within the auxiliary structure. This approach demonstrates the flexibility of the technical solution, applicable to e-cigarette designs at different power levels. Furthermore, the final temperature equalization index is obtained as an output step based on the finite element analysis results. This index is quantified by calculating the temperature standard deviation or maximum / minimum temperature difference across the entire electrode model, for example, by extracting data points and averaging them after simulation.

[0093] Specifically, in cylindrical electronic cigarette electrodes, if the index value is lower than a preset threshold, the uniformity is confirmed to be up to standard, forming a complete design verification chain. Obtaining this index ensures the practicality of the solution.

[0094] In one embodiment, for flat electronic cigarette electrodes, the calculation of the temperature uniformity index considers regional grouping. First, the finite element simulation analysis results are divided into multiple sub-regions, such as the upper surface and the lower surface. Then, the temperature mean and deviation of each region are calculated separately. Finally, the overall index is synthesized by weighted averaging to provide a quantitative basis.

[0095] Preferably, the entire process from simulation to obtaining indicators forms a closed logic, which enhances thermal management capabilities in electronic cigarette electrode design.

[0096] For example, in continuous operation scenarios, metrics can be used to iteratively optimize auxiliary structures to ensure long-term stability.

[0097] It should be noted that the temperature uniformity index, i.e., the standard deviation of the temperature distribution, for the e-cigarette electrode in high-power mode was obtained through multiple rounds of simulation verification. Specifically, different flow path scenarios were first simulated, such as a straight path for rapid heat conduction and a curved path for complex heat distribution. Then, finite element analysis was performed iteratively multiple times to output the final index value. This diversified implementation, i.e., simulation verification of multiple flow paths, demonstrates the versatility of the solution under different conditions. The connection of the above steps ensures the comprehensive application of the technical solution in the e-cigarette field, and temperature uniformity is achieved through objective verification via multiple rounds of simulation verification.

[0098] S107. Extract residual hot spots (points with temperatures exceeding the average value by 20%) from the obtained temperature equilibrium index TEI (Temperature Equilibrium Index, calculated as TEI = standard deviation / average temperature). If the number of residual hot spots is less than the preset threshold of 5, the design scheme is confirmed to be effective. Output a complete electronic cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction model (including heat conduction path parameters, material thermal conductivity k value, and the mathematical structure of the simulated temperature distribution map).

[0099] Residual hot spot data are obtained from the temperature equalization index. The thermal conductivity of the electrode material is evaluated, and the heat distribution is calculated using the Fourier heat conduction equation q = -k∇T (q is heat flux density, k is thermal conductivity, and ∇T is temperature gradient), resulting in a hot spot count N = ∑(T_i>T_avg+δ) (N is the count, T_i is the point temperature, T_avg is the average temperature, and δ is the deviation threshold). The hot spot count is compared with a preset threshold of 5. If the hot spot count is less than 5, the design scheme is confirmed to be effective, and the scheme is confirmed to be effective. Based on the effective confirmation of the scheme, the electrode heat dissipation path layout is expanded, and an auxiliary response check optimization is introduced. This optimization checks the heat flux response time and achieves thermal equalization by adjusting the path width and material thickness, thus determining the path construction model. The path construction model is used to generate a complete output. This model is based on a mesh structure, with the input being heat distribution data and material parameters such as thermal conductivity k = 50 W / m·K, and the output being a path layout diagram. The integrated heat distribution verification for the electronic cigarette electrode is performed, and a complete electronic cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction model is output.

[0100] In one implementation, extracting residual hot spots from the obtained temperature equalization index is a key step in verifying the heat dissipation design of the electronic cigarette electrode. This process first reviews the source of the temperature equalization index, which is based on the aforementioned finite element analysis results and quantifies the uniformity of the overall temperature distribution by calculating the standard deviation S of the electrode temperature (where S is the standard deviation of the temperature distribution). Residual hot spots refer to areas that still exist after the equalization index calculation, where the temperature exceeds the average value by a certain proportion.

[0101] Specifically, the extraction method involves scanning the temperature data field, for example, by traversing a grid to identify points where the temperature value exceeds a preset threshold. In the design of cylindrical electronic cigarette electrodes, this extraction considers axial and radial temperature gradients, analyzing data layer by layer to mark hotspots and ensure coverage of the entire heat dissipation path. This detailed extraction aids in subsequent judgment, providing a data foundation. In this way, the number and location of residual hot spots are accurately recorded, forming the starting point of the verification chain. Furthermore, the extraction of residual hot spots requires explaining their definition and principle. Residual hot spots are areas of heat concentration where the temperature equalization index has not been completely eliminated; their principle is based on local accumulation caused by uneven heat conduction.

[0102] It should be noted that this extraction process uses data processing strategies, such as threshold filtering strategies, which compare temperature data with average temperature and set a deviation threshold, such as 5%, to define hotspots.

[0103] In one possible implementation, for flat e-cigarette electrodes, the extraction strategy first scans the auxiliary structure area in sections, then integrates the main channel data to calculate the hotspot density of each section. This strategy clearly explains the conversion process from data to hotspots, ensuring accurate identification of potential risk areas in e-cigarette thermal management and preventing localized overheating of the electrode from affecting its lifespan.

[0104] For example, in the high-power e-cigarette electrode scenario, the extraction process combines multiple iterations. First, a temperature matrix is ​​derived from the temperature equalization index, and then a hotspot detection algorithm is applied. This algorithm checks the matrix values ​​element by element and marks elements that exceed a threshold as hotspots.

[0105] In one embodiment, the hotspot extraction algorithm (named the Center-Edge Scan Algorithm) takes the heat source location as input and constructs a process that prioritizes scanning the center region of the electrode and then extends to the edges to ensure comprehensive coverage, outputting a list of hotspot coordinates. The entire extraction is implemented using a custom image processing-based software tool that employs pixel scanning and temperature threshold comparison (with a threshold of 50 degrees Celsius) to automate the processing of thermal image data programmatically. This approach demonstrates the flexibility of the technology and its applicability to the design verification of different electrode shapes.

[0106] Preferably, determining the validity of the design scheme by checking if the number of residual hot spots is below a preset threshold is a logical step based on the extracted results. Residual hot spots refer to hot spots whose temperature exceeds a safety threshold after flow channel optimization. Specifically, the preset threshold is set according to the power level of the e-cigarette electrode; for example, the threshold is 3 in low-power mode. This determination process simply counts the number of hot spots and compares it with the threshold. If it is lower, the scheme is valid; otherwise, the flow channel needs optimization. In compact e-cigarette electrodes, this determination also considers the hot spot distribution density, i.e., the number of hot spots per unit area, ensuring that the number is not only small but also dispersed. Through this determination, the reliability of the design scheme is confirmed, forming a closed-loop verification.

[0107] Understandably, the principle behind the judgment process lies in quantifying risk. Threshold settings are based on empirical data, such as the prediction that more than five hot spots in accelerated aging tests in the laboratory will lead to electrode failure. This test data comes from 100 e-cigarette electrode samples, and the threshold is derived through an average failure rate statistical process. In another implementation, for continuously operating e-cigarette electrodes, the judgment incorporates a time dimension (i.e., an assessment of hot spot changes over time), evaluating the persistence of hot spots within a simulated period (defined as a 10-second continuous operation period) (i.e., hot spots lasting longer than 5 seconds), and only counting persistent hot spots. This expansion enhances the comprehensiveness of the judgment, resulting in more stable thermal management in business operations. Furthermore, outputting a complete e-cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction model is the final step based on the judgment results. This model integrates flow channels, auxiliary structures, and validation data to form a three-dimensional representation. Its construction process includes input judgment results and simulation data. The structure adopts a three-dimensional mesh model with parameters such as mesh resolution r (defined as 10 mesh points per millimeter) and thermal conductivity k (defined as the thermal conductivity value of the material). The mathematical form is the temperature distribution equation T(x,y,z)=k*∇²T+heat source term. The output is a three-dimensional file in STL format.

[0108] Specifically, if the design is effective, the model extracts geometric data (channel shape coordinates) from the simulation path (path data generated by the aforementioned thermal simulation), overlays a temperature distribution layer (hotspot temperature value mapping), and generates an exportable STL file format.

[0109] Specifically, if the design is effective, the model extracts geometric data from the simulation path, overlays a temperature distribution layer, and generates an exportable file format.

[0110] In one embodiment, for the spiral channel electronic cigarette electrode, a finite element thermal analysis model is used. The input includes the geometry of the spiral channel, the thermal conductivity of the material, the power of the heat source, and the convection boundary conditions. The model outputs the thermal path trajectory and hot spot temperature labeling to ensure that users can visualize the heat dissipation effect, thereby providing a complete technical solution.

[0111] For example, in the design of a grid-like channel for electronic cigarette electrodes, the model is first built by integrating the uniformity index (i.e., the uniformity of electrode temperature distribution, calculated using the standard deviation, S=sqrt(Σ(Ti-Tavg)^2 / n), where Ti is the temperature at each point, Tavg is the average temperature, and n is the number of points), and then adding virtual flow arrows to show the medium circulation path.

[0112] It should be noted that this model was generated using ANSYS modeling software through a finite element analysis process, including mesh generation, setting heat transfer parameters such as power input and boundary conditions. The output model can be used for production guidance, avoiding thermal problems during design iterations. For electronic cigarette electrodes in high-power mode, the output model also includes optimization suggestions; for example, if hotspots (the hottest areas in the model, obtained through finite element calculations) approach a threshold (150 degrees Celsius, based on the material's heat resistance limit), potential improvement points are marked.

[0113] In one embodiment, this output is presented in the form of a report, detailing path parameters (referring to the length and material properties of the heat conduction path) and equilibrium index values ​​(referring to the variance of the temperature distribution) to ensure the practicality of the solution. Preferably, the entire process from extraction to output forms a logical flow, achieving improved temperature control in the field of electronic cigarette electrode heat dissipation. Through diversified implementations, such as adjusting electrode materials and setting power thresholds (5 to 20 watts) to adapt to design requirements of different power levels, the technical solution demonstrates versatility.

[0114] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode, characterized in that, include: The heat distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operation is obtained, and the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component is simulated using a finite element analysis algorithm to determine the location and temperature gradient value of local overheated areas. Based on the location of the local overheated areas and the temperature gradient value, the layout path of the flow channels in the micro-space is designed, and the channel geometry is determined by a topology optimization algorithm to cover the parts with uneven heat distribution. The coordinates of key nodes are extracted from the flow channel layout path, and adjacent channel segments are merged to form a simplified channel network structure. For the channel network structure, auxiliary structures are added to expand the range of uniform heat distribution, and the density distribution of the auxiliary structures is determined. The material composition is adjusted according to the density distribution of the auxiliary structure to generate an integrated design scheme; The circulating flow path of the cooling medium in the flow channel and the auxiliary structure is simulated, and the heat distribution uniformity is verified by the finite element analysis algorithm to determine the temperature balance index. The residual hot spots are evaluated according to the temperature balance index. If the number of residual hot spots is lower than the preset threshold, the integrated design scheme is confirmed to be effective, and a complete electronic cigarette electrode heat dissipation path construction model is output.

2. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring thermal distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operation and simulating the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component using a finite element analysis algorithm to determine the location and temperature gradient value of local overheated areas includes: acquiring thermal distribution data of the electronic cigarette electrode under high-intensity operating conditions and determining initial boundary conditions; simulating the internal temperature field distribution of the heating component using the finite element analysis algorithm based on the initial boundary conditions and acquiring thermal conductivity parameters; calibrating the material's thermal conductivity using the thermal conductivity parameters, comparing high-value regions in the temperature field distribution to determine the specific location of the local overheated area and identifying the heat source concentration point; calculating heat flow transfer based on the heat source concentration point, introducing boundary heat flow simulation, determining the temperature gradient value, and generating a distribution curve; if the distribution curve exceeds a preset threshold, iteratively updating the material's thermal conductivity calibration to obtain the final data of the specific location of the local overheated area and the temperature gradient value.

3. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of designing the layout path of the flow channel within a small space based on the location of the local overheated region and the temperature gradient value, and determining the channel geometry through a topology optimization algorithm, includes: obtaining the distribution of the temperature gradient value based on the location of the local overheated region, simulating the initial layout path of the flow channel within the small space using the topology optimization algorithm, and determining the path coverage area; extracting heat source concentration analysis parameters from the uneven heat distribution portion of the path coverage area, introducing boundary condition simulation, determining the input data for geometry calculation, and generating a preliminary model of the channel geometry; calculating the material thermal conductivity calibration value through the preliminary model of the channel geometry, and combining it with the initial path setting; if the distribution curve iteration exceeds a preset threshold, updating the heat distribution coverage scheme to obtain an optimized flow channel structure; introducing flow medium distribution simulation from the optimized flow channel structure, obtaining temperature gradient calculation feedback data, determining the heat source concentration analysis adjustment point, simulating the distribution curve iteration under boundary conditions, and generating the final channel geometry.

4. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of extracting key node coordinates from the flow channel layout path and merging adjacent channel segments to form a simplified channel network structure includes: obtaining the key node coordinate distribution through the flow channel layout path, determining the distance change trend between nodes by adjusting the heat source location coverage, and determining a coordinate simplification scheme; introducing temperature gradient distribution simulation for the coordinate simplification scheme, using a distance threshold comparison method, and merging adjacent channel segments if the distance between node coordinates is less than a preset threshold to determine the merged segment structure; obtaining flow medium distribution parameters from the merged segment structure, simulating and adjusting the medium flow path by combining boundary conditions, and generating a preliminary network structure model; and calculating the channel geometry using the topology optimization algorithm based on the preliminary network structure model, obtaining iterative feedback data of the distribution curve for uneven heat distribution, and generating the simplified channel network structure.

5. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adding auxiliary structures to the channel network structure to expand the range of uniform heat distribution and determining the density distribution of the auxiliary structures includes: obtaining the coordinates of auxiliary points from the channel network structure, adjusting the coordinate distribution according to the heat distribution path, and determining an integrated point set; adding a grid branch layout through the integrated point set, expanding the branch structure around the channel network structure, and determining the branch expansion boundary; simulating a uniform range based on the branch expansion boundary, introducing density distribution parameters to calculate branch density adjustment, and increasing the number of branches if the density is lower than a preset threshold, obtaining the adjusted density data; generating a distribution map based on the adjusted density data, evaluating the branch strength in conjunction with the structural integration nodes, and determining the density distribution of the auxiliary structures.

6. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the material composition based on the density distribution of the auxiliary structure to generate an integrated design scheme includes: obtaining a set of boundary condition data from the density distribution of the auxiliary structure, performing preliminary screening based on the thermal conductivity parameter, and determining a filtered boundary dataset; determining that if the thermal conductivity in the filtered boundary dataset is higher than a preset threshold, modifying the material ratio of the auxiliary structure, introducing a thermal stability verification process to check the material's thermal response, and obtaining modified material data; integrating the point set through the modified material data, expanding the grid branches to cover the heat path, and determining the expanded structural layout; simulating the integration effect based on the expanded structural layout, adjusting the density parameter to generate a final scheme, and determining the integrated design scheme.

7. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated cooling medium's circulating flow path in the flow channel and the auxiliary structure, and the verification of heat distribution uniformity using the finite element analysis algorithm, include: obtaining cooling medium flow channel data from the integrated design scheme, simulating the path distribution of the auxiliary structure, and determining a set of circulating flow paths; introducing heat flow path optimization through the set of circulating flow paths, processing the heat distribution using the finite element analysis algorithm, calculating the heat conduction equation for each element by dividing into mesh elements, solving the temperature field distribution, and determining the distribution uniformity value; if the distribution uniformity value is lower than a preset threshold, modifying the channel layout parameters and obtaining the modified path data; expanding the auxiliary structure mesh based on the modified path data, checking the integration points for thermal response, and generating an expanded layout scheme.

8. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of evaluating residual hot spots based on the temperature equalization index, and confirming the effectiveness of the integrated design scheme if the number of residual hot spots is lower than a preset threshold, includes: obtaining residual hot spot data from the temperature equalization index, evaluating the thermal conductivity of the electrode material, and determining the number of hot spots; comparing the number of hot spots with a preset threshold, and confirming the effectiveness of the integrated design scheme if the number of hot spots is lower than the preset threshold, and obtaining scheme effectiveness confirmation data; expanding the electrode heat dissipation path layout based on the scheme effectiveness confirmation data, introducing auxiliary response check optimization, and determining the path construction model; generating a complete output using the path construction model, verifying the integrated heat distribution of the electronic cigarette electrode, and generating the final heat dissipation path construction model.

9. The method for constructing a heat dissipation path for an electronic cigarette electrode as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The layout path of the flow channel within the designed micro-space is determined by a topology optimization algorithm to cover areas with uneven heat distribution. This includes: obtaining temperature gradient distribution data based on the location of the locally overheated region; simulating the initial layout path using the topology optimization algorithm to determine the coverage boundary; extracting analysis parameters for the uneven heat distribution within the coverage boundary; introducing boundary condition simulation; generating geometric shape calculation input data; constructing a preliminary channel model; calculating thermal conductivity calibration values ​​using the preliminary channel model; combining this with the initial path settings; updating the coverage scheme if the distribution curve iteration exceeds a preset threshold; and generating an optimized channel structure; introducing medium distribution simulation from the optimized channel structure; obtaining feedback data based on the flow characteristics of the micro-space; adjusting the heat source concentration point; and generating the final geometry.

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