Photovoltaic panel arrangement method and system, computer equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement method and system, computer equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of solar design, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining multivariate data of a target area, and obtaining a three-dimensional environment model through BIM modeling; segmenting the target area to obtain a plurality of grid units; calculating center point coordinates of the grid units, wherein the grid units of which the center point coordinates are located in the region boundary correspond to the target region subjected to primary screening; screening the primarily screened target area based on a terrain constraint condition, and determining a target area after terrain screening; determining a target area after secondary screening according to the grid units of the photovoltaic panel rectangle falling into the boundary of the area; rotating the rectangular direction of the photovoltaic panel, performing plane offset on the grid units of the rectangular falling region boundary of the photovoltaic panel, and determining the plane offset vector of the grid units; and constructing a photovoltaic panel arrangement result according to the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle and the grid unit plane offset vector. According to the method, the space utilization efficiency and arrangement reasonability under the complex terrain are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar energy design, specifically relating to a photovoltaic panel arrangement method, system, computer equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Solar photovoltaic (PV) panel layout refers to the technical process of designing, adjusting the tilt angle, and optimizing the spacing of PV modules based on the geographical environment, spatial characteristics, and sunlight conditions of the installation site. Its core objective is to maximize solar radiation reception efficiency and increase power generation, while also considering land use efficiency, structural safety, and economic viability. With the widespread application of PV technology, layout schemes have gradually evolved from early, experience-based, and extensive design to a digitally-driven, refined, and automated system engineering approach.

[0003] With the development of modeling technology, existing technologies often construct 3D models based on high-definition satellite maps and drone aerial photography data, and generate shadow trajectories by combining occlusion sources, thereby providing different photovoltaic panel layout strategies for different deployment scenarios. However, existing technologies are mostly applicable to regular terrains. In complex terrains such as mountains and water surfaces, it is difficult to balance terrain adaptability and layout density, resulting in limited space utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem of limited space utilization for photovoltaic panel placement in complex terrain, this invention provides a photovoltaic panel placement method, system, computer equipment, and storage medium.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for arranging photovoltaic panels, comprising: Obtain multi-dimensional data of the target area, perform BIM modeling based on the multi-dimensional data of the target area to obtain a three-dimensional environment model, which includes the area boundary and terrain data of the photovoltaic panel layout; determine the terrain constraints based on the terrain data; The target area is divided into multiple grid cells of the same size; the center point coordinates of each grid cell are calculated, and the grid cells whose center point coordinates are located within the boundary of the area are determined as the target area after the first screening; the target area after the first screening is further filtered based on terrain constraints, and the grid cells in the target area after the first screening that meet the terrain constraints are determined as the target area after terrain filtering; the reference shape of the photovoltaic panel is set in the grid cells that meet the terrain constraints, and the target area after the second screening is determined by the grid cells where the reference shape of the photovoltaic panel falls into the boundary of the area. The reference shape of the photovoltaic panel is rotated based on terrain constraints, and the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle is determined based on the highest area utilization rate. Under the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle, the grid cells where the photovoltaic panel rectangle falls into the boundary of the area are offset in a plane based on terrain constraints, and the plane offset vector of the grid cell is determined based on the highest area utilization rate. The photovoltaic panel layout result is obtained according to the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle and the plane offset vector of the grid cell.

[0006] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by the present invention further includes: Determine the sun's position based on the latitude and longitude in the terrain data; The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel's reference pattern is adjusted, and the direct radiation is calculated based on the adjusted reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel and the sun's position. The total energy output is determined by summing the direct radiation at multiple times. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is determined by the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel with the largest total energy output. The total energy output is determined by summing the energy output of the reference patterns of the photovoltaic panels within a preset time range. The photovoltaic panel layout is determined based on the photovoltaic panel tilt angle, photovoltaic panel arrangement angle, and grid cell plane offset vector.

[0007] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by the present invention further includes: Shadow occlusion is simulated in grid cells based on terrain data. Shadow scores of multiple grid cells are calculated based on shadow occlusion. Grid cells with shadow scores higher than a preset threshold are determined as the grid cells after shadow removal. The shadow score is negatively correlated with the duration of shadow occlusion affecting the grid cell. Based on the constraints of photovoltaic panel power generation and land use rate of grid cells after shadow removal, the array spacing of photovoltaic panel layout results is optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm to obtain the optimized photovoltaic panel layout results.

[0008] Optionally, the target area is mountainous, and the terrain data includes slope values. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by this invention further includes: The target area after terrain filtering is selected from grid cells based on the slope value, where the center point coordinates of the grid cells are located within the area boundary.

[0009] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by the present invention further includes: The grid cells are scored for suitability, and the suitability score is negatively correlated with the slope of the grid cell and negatively correlated with the roughness of the grid cell. The target area after terrain screening is determined by grid cells with a suitability score greater than a preset suitability threshold.

[0010] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by the present invention further includes: The target area after terrain filtering is determined by grid cells whose target area is greater than a preset area threshold, wherein the center point coordinates of the grid cells are located within the area boundary.

[0011] Optionally, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by the present invention further includes: The 3D environment model is updated based on the photovoltaic panel layout results to obtain the photovoltaic panel layout model; A technical parameter report is constructed based on the photovoltaic panel layout results; Output and display the photovoltaic panel layout model and technical parameter report.

[0012] The present invention also provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement system, comprising: The model building module is used to acquire multi-dimensional data of the target area, perform BIM modeling based on the multi-dimensional data of the target area, and obtain a three-dimensional environment model. The three-dimensional environment model includes the area boundary and terrain data of the photovoltaic panel layout; and determines the terrain constraints based on the terrain data. The grid cell filtering module is used to divide the target area into multiple grid cells of the same size; calculate the center point coordinates of each grid cell, and determine the grid cells whose center point coordinates are located within the area boundary as the target area after the initial filtering; filter the target area after the initial filtering based on terrain constraints, and determine the grid cells in the target area after the initial filtering that meet the terrain constraints as the target area after terrain filtering; set the reference graphic of the photovoltaic panel in the grid cells that meet the terrain constraints, and determine the target area after the secondary filtering by the grid cells where the reference graphic of the photovoltaic panel falls into the area boundary; The parameter confirmation module is used to rotate the reference graphic direction of the photovoltaic panel based on terrain constraints and determine the photovoltaic panel layout angle based on the highest area utilization rate. Under the photovoltaic panel layout angle condition, the grid cells where the photovoltaic panel rectangle falls into the boundary of the area are offset in a plane based on terrain constraints and the grid cell plane offset vector is determined based on the highest area utilization rate. The photovoltaic panel layout result is obtained according to the photovoltaic panel layout angle and the grid cell plane offset vector.

[0013] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the steps in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method.

[0014] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when loaded by a processor, can execute any step of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method.

[0015] The photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: Because the photovoltaic panel layout method provided by this invention acquires multi-dimensional data of the target area and uses BIM technology for 3D environment modeling, it can accurately reproduce the details of complex terrain, including regional boundaries and terrain data, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent optimization and effectively overcoming the shortcomings of insufficient adaptability of existing 3D models to complex terrain. Furthermore, by dividing the target area into uniform and regular grid cells, the continuous irregular terrain is discretized into a large number of independently processable, regular small units. Multiple rounds of screening are then performed, first retaining the grid within the regional boundaries, and then further screening based on terrain constraints, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel layout is only carried out within feasible areas permitted by the terrain, significantly improving the space utilization efficiency and layout rationality under complex terrain. Furthermore, the photovoltaic panels are dynamically rotated based on terrain constraints to determine the optimal arrangement angle, enabling them to better adapt to terrain undulations and orientation changes, maximizing the use of available space and solar radiation resources. Under the determined optimal arrangement angle, the offset vector with the highest area utilization rate is found by fine-tuning the planar position of the photovoltaic panels within the grid cells. This achieves refined utilization of complex terrain space, solving the problem that traditional methods struggle to balance arrangement density and terrain adaptability in regular terrain, improving space utilization, and thus increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panels. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments and design schemes of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for this embodiment will be briefly described below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an example of a photovoltaic panel arrangement process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Existing solar photovoltaic (PV) panel deployment technologies exhibit characteristics such as optimized layout, adaptability to various complex scenarios, precise design via software, and increased automation in installation. Specifically, PV design software can accurately calculate parameters such as PV panel spacing and area, and can select appropriate component brands and models based on site conditions and project budget. Furthermore, design schemes can be adjusted multiple times, allowing for comparison of the number of panels installed under different schemes to maximize PV power generation efficiency. Additionally, technologies such as adding steel purlins between steel cables and PV panels reduce land use and construction costs; floating PV power stations utilize specially designed floats to stabilize and densely cover the PV panels on the water surface; and flexible tracking brackets allow for flexible adjustment of PV panel angles based on solar radiation patterns, thus adapting to complex installation scenarios.

[0020] However, existing solar photovoltaic (PV) panel placement technologies do not take into account the shadows cast by buildings and surrounding facilities that change with seasons and day / night cycles, making it difficult to completely avoid these effects with traditional fixed-spacing designs. Especially in distributed PV systems, shadows cast by adjacent buildings or the panels themselves can lead to localized hot spot effects, impacting overall power generation efficiency. Furthermore, currently, most PV panels are installed on building rooftops, largely disregarding shading from surrounding facilities. However, with the increasing prevalence of new energy charging stations, PV panels are also needed in urban centers, and these areas with complex surrounding environments lack relevant placement optimizations.

[0021] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, the photovoltaic panel layout method provided by this invention relies on BIM technology and leverages its plug-in ecosystem to automatically generate optimal solar photovoltaic panel layout schemes based on existing terrain and other location data. It can intuitively display the user's desired layout and provide options for modification. Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel layout method provided by this invention does not require collaboration with other software and can independently complete the design of the scheme, exhibiting high scalability. It demonstrates excellent compatibility with niche and custom format files and can efficiently handle diverse data inputs. In addition, the photovoltaic panel layout method provided by this invention offers a visual operation interface, facilitating the construction of surrounding buildings and terrain features, as well as the placement of detailed components. For example, components can be continuously expanded in the database to achieve efficient photovoltaic layout in different scenarios.

[0022] Example 1 This invention provides a method for arranging photovoltaic panels, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step 11: Obtain multi-dimensional data of the target area, perform BIM modeling based on the multi-dimensional data of the target area to obtain a three-dimensional environment model, which includes the area boundary and terrain data of the photovoltaic panel layout; determine the terrain constraints based on the terrain data.

[0023] Step 12: Divide the target area into multiple grid cells of the same size; calculate the center point coordinates of each grid cell, and determine the grid cells whose center point coordinates are located within the area boundary as the target area after the initial screening; filter the target area after the initial screening based on terrain constraints, and determine the grid cells in the target area after the initial screening that meet the terrain constraints as the target area after terrain screening; set the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel in the grid cells that meet the terrain constraints, and determine the target area after the secondary screening by the grid cells where the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel falls into the area boundary.

[0024] Specifically, in the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by this invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, firstly, topographic mapping data, environmental parameters and other multi-dimensional data of the target area are collected. Then, BIM technology or BIM platform is used as the core modeling environment. Parametric modeling is performed using specified files such as DWG or PY to construct a high-precision three-dimensional digital model of the target area. This model fully carries the spatial characteristics and topological relationships of complex terrain features such as mountain undulations, surface attachments and existing structures, and realizes accurate digital mapping of various complex scenes.

[0025] Next, any irregular area within the 3D digital model is divided into regular grid cells, and the coordinates of the center point of each grid cell are calculated to determine whether it lies within the target polygon of the photovoltaic panel or within the area boundary of the photovoltaic panel, thus quickly eliminating locations that are clearly outside the area. Then, based on terrain constraints, the remaining grid cells are further evaluated, eliminating those whose terrain conditions do not meet the requirements for photovoltaic panel placement. Finally, a photovoltaic panel rectangle is placed for each grid cell based on the size of the photovoltaic panel, excluding grid cells whose photovoltaic panel rectangles are located outside the area boundary, thereby determining the grid cells where the photovoltaic panel can be placed.

[0026] When the target area is mountainous, the terrain data includes slope values, and step 12 includes: Step 121: Filter the target area after terrain filtering from grid cells based on the slope value, where the center point coordinates of the grid cells are located within the area boundary.

[0027] Specifically, step 121 includes: Step 1211: Assess the suitability of the grid cells. The suitability score is negatively correlated with the slope of the grid cells and negatively correlated with the roughness of the grid cells.

[0028] Step 1212: Determine the target area after terrain screening from the grid cells whose suitability scores are greater than the preset suitability threshold.

[0029] Specifically, in mountainous scenarios, factors such as large terrain undulations, complex slope variations, and natural obstacles exist. The photovoltaic panel placement method focuses on achieving the highest space utilization rate while ensuring structural safety. First, laser point cloud data is imported into a BIM platform to generate a 3D terrain surface model. The entire mountainous area is then divided into multiple regular grid cells, the size of which is determined based on the size of the photovoltaic panels and the expected density of their placement. Next, for each grid cell, its center point is determined to ensure it falls within the area boundary. Then, the slope value corresponding to the center point coordinates is calculated. Grid cells with slope values ​​exceeding a preset safety threshold (e.g., 30°) are considered to have structural safety hazards and are excluded. For grid cells where the slope value corresponding to the center point coordinates meets the safety threshold, further evaluation is conducted to determine if other locations within the grid cell also meet the safety threshold, thus identifying the target area after terrain screening. Finally, a second round of screening is conducted based on grid cells where the photovoltaic panel rectangles fall within the area boundary to obtain the target area after secondary screening.

[0030] Then, during the multi-angle trial phase of the photovoltaic panel rectangle, the space utilization rate was calculated starting from the angle parallel to the contour lines of the mountainous area. When the space utilization rates corresponding to multiple angles were close, the angle that best conformed to the terrain was selected as the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel, thereby minimizing the amount of earthwork excavation. Furthermore, during the grid cell offset phase, the steep slopes in the mountainous area were avoided first, thus determining the layout scheme with the highest overall area utilization rate.

[0031] For example, first load the DEM data and obtain elevation data, geographic transformation parameters and coordinate system information. Then, perform regional segmentation on the terrain data, for example, segmenting the region according to a 20×20 window, and calculate the elevation standard deviation of each grid cell.

[0032] Then, a terrain adaptability analysis is conducted based on factors such as slope, roughness, or flatness. Specifically, the slope adaptability of the grid cells is first scored. Grid cells with a slope of 0-10° have low construction costs and are considered ideal slopes, receiving 1 point. Grid cells with a slope of 10-20° have moderate construction costs and are considered acceptable slopes, receiving 0.8 points. Grid cells with a slope of 20-30° require additional engineering treatment and are receiving 0.8 points. Grid cells with a slope exceeding 30° are unsuitable for construction and are receiving 0 points.

[0033] Next, the terrain roughness suitability of the grid cells was scored. Ideal terrain roughness with almost no land leveling required was assigned 1 point, good terrain roughness with a small amount of land leveling required was assigned 0.8 points, acceptable terrain with a moderate amount of land leveling required was assigned 0.6 points, poor terrain roughness with a large amount of land leveling required was assigned 0.3 points, and grid cells with extremely high leveling costs were assigned 0 points.

[0034] Then, the slope adaptability score and the terrain roughness suitability score are weighted and summed to obtain the suitability score of each grid unit. For example, the slope weight is 0.7 and the terrain roughness weight is 0.3. The grid units are then classified according to their suitability scores. For example, grid units with scores greater than or equal to 0.8 are considered ideal construction areas, grid units with scores of 0.6-0.8 are considered good construction areas, grid units with scores of 0.4-0.6 are considered general construction areas, grid units with scores less than 0.4 are considered unsuitable construction areas, and grid units with scores greater than 0.6 are considered target areas after terrain screening. The grid units are sorted according to their suitability scores, and photovoltaic panels are preferentially installed in areas with high suitability scores based on the sorting results.

[0035] Step 122: Determine the target area after terrain filtering by grid cells whose area is greater than a preset area threshold, wherein the center point coordinates of the grid cells are located within the boundary of the area.

[0036] Furthermore, in aquatic scenarios, factors such as irregular boundaries and the need to avoid waterways and ecologically sensitive areas necessitate photovoltaic (PV) panel placement methods that prioritize maximizing water coverage while avoiding waterway areas. For example, during the terrain-constrained screening phase, grid cells too close to waterways are prioritized for exclusion to prevent interference from passing vessels. During the grid cell offset phase, priority is given to moving closer to areas rich in solar energy resources while avoiding restricted areas such as waterways and water intakes. Additionally, for edge areas with irregular shorelines, smaller PV panels and associated floating structures are prioritized to fill edge areas that are difficult for larger PV panels to cover, thereby improving overall coverage. In rooftop scenarios, numerous complex obstacles such as ventilation ducts, equipment rooms, and skylights exist, dividing the area into multiple discontinuous small blocks. PV panel placement methods prioritize filling available roof space while avoiding these obstacles. Specifically, during the grid cell offset phase, minor obstacles such as pipe interfaces and support fixing points are prioritized to determine the optimal layout within each small block.

[0037] Step 13: Rotate the reference graphic direction of the photovoltaic panel based on the terrain constraints, and determine the photovoltaic panel layout angle based on the highest area utilization rate; under the photovoltaic panel layout angle conditions, perform planar offset on the grid cells where the photovoltaic panel rectangle falls into the boundary of the area based on the terrain constraints, and determine the grid cell planar offset vector based on the highest area utilization rate; obtain the photovoltaic panel layout result based on the photovoltaic panel layout angle and the grid cell planar offset vector.

[0038] Step 13 includes: Step 131: Determine the sun's position based on the latitude and longitude in the terrain data.

[0039] Step 132: Adjust the tilt angle of the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel, and calculate the direct radiation based on the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel after tilt angle adjustment and the solar position. The total energy output is determined by accumulating the direct radiation at multiple times. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is determined by the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel with the largest total energy output. The total energy output is determined by accumulating the energy output of the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel within a preset time range.

[0040] Step 133: Determine the photovoltaic panel layout result based on the photovoltaic panel tilt angle, photovoltaic panel arrangement angle, and grid cell plane offset vector.

[0041] Specifically, after selecting and determining the grid cells, the baseline shape of the photovoltaic panels is first rotated based on terrain constraints, such as the angle of the photovoltaic panel rectangle. The area utilization rate of the photovoltaic panel matrix in various directions is then calculated to determine the arrangement with the highest area utilization. Once the angle of the photovoltaic panel rectangle is determined, the grid cells are adaptively adjusted, and different grid offsets are tried to optimize the arrangement of rectangular panels within the polygonal area to find the layout with the highest area utilization. Furthermore, when photovoltaic panels exist in various sizes, edge optimization can be performed on the area by placing smaller photovoltaic panel rectangles around the larger ones, thereby determining the arrangement density, angle, and other parameters of the photovoltaic panel layout.

[0042] Based on this, a SunPosition Calculator instance is created according to the longitude and latitude of the target area to calculate the sun's position. Using a 5° step size, tilt angles from 0° to 90° are tested. For each tilt angle, the energy output is calculated for a fixed time interval (e.g., a fixed number of minutes) within a fixed daily period from the start date to the end date, thus determining the total energy output at each tilt angle. Then, by comparing the total energy output at each tilt angle, the optimal tilt angle for the photovoltaic panel and the corresponding maximum energy value are determined.

[0043] The amount of direct radiation can be calculated using the following formula: First, calculate the solar declination angle. True solar time (TST), hour angle Solar altitude angle Sun direction angle The incident angle is shown in formulas (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6), respectively: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Where n represents the number of days in a year corresponding to the data, and t represents the local standard time of the grid area. The longitude is the local longitude. Here, EoT represents the longitude of the time zone center corresponding to standard time. The latitude of the region where the grid area is located. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. This refers to the orientation angle of the photovoltaic panel. Then, the direct radiation of this grid cell can be determined using the above parameters. As shown in formula (7):

[0044] (7) in, Specifically, it refers to the intensity of direct normal radiation received on the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module. The direct normal radiation intensity measured or calculated on a horizontal surface; The angle between sunlight and the normal to the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel, i.e., the angle of incidence. The cosine value when When it is 0°, When the value is 1, the light is incident perpendicularly, resulting in the highest reception efficiency. As the value increases, it can be determined based on Lambert's cosine law that the efficiency of photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic panels gradually decreases. The sine of the solar altitude angle is used to determine the degree of "dilution" of the same radiative flux on a horizontal plane. Then, by iterating through each time point of each day, such as at hourly or minute intervals, the solar position is calculated, the radiative flux is calculated, and the results are summed to obtain the total energy output.

[0045] Step 14: Simulate shadow occlusion in grid cells based on terrain data, calculate shadow scores for multiple grid cells based on shadow occlusion, and determine the grid cells after shadow removal based on the grid cells with shadow scores higher than a preset threshold. The shadow score is negatively correlated with the duration of shadow occlusion affecting the grid cell.

[0046] Step 15: Based on the power generation of the photovoltaic panels and the land utilization constraints of the grid cells after shadow removal, the array spacing of the photovoltaic panel layout is optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm to obtain the optimized photovoltaic panel layout result.

[0047] Specifically, after the initial photovoltaic panel layout is determined, a Dynamic ShadowSimulator class is created to simulate the shadows cast by terrain and obstacles under sunlight, thereby calculating the radiation distribution in the region. Based on constraints constructed from multiple objectives such as power generation, land use efficiency, and shadow impact, the NSGA-II algorithm is called for multi-objective optimization, thereby adjusting parameters such as array spacing, and ultimately obtaining a photovoltaic panel layout scheme that meets the requirements of maximizing power generation, optimizing costs, and ensuring structural safety.

[0048] For example, the process begins by analyzing the sun's position at key times such as the winter solstice, summer solstice, and spring equinox. Then, a geometric projection method is used to calculate the shadow area. For instance, a daily sunshine analysis is performed on these key nodes, and an API is called to calculate the sun's position. The shadow is then calculated based on the sun's position and the geometric relationship between the obstacle and the sun. Finally, the grid cells are scored for their shadow characteristics. For example, the initial score is 1.0, and adjustments are made based on the shadow's impact and orientation. If a grid cell is in shadow at each key time point, 0.2 points are deducted each time, but the maximum deduction is 0.6 points. South is set as the optimal orientation; if a grid cell faces south, 0.1 points are added. Finally, grid cells with scores greater than 0.7 are selected as the remaining grid cells after shadow filtering.

[0049] Step 16: Update the 3D environment model based on the photovoltaic panel layout results to obtain the photovoltaic panel layout model; A technical parameter report is constructed based on the photovoltaic panel layout results; Output and display the photovoltaic panel layout model and technical parameter report.

[0050] Specifically, once the optimal photovoltaic (PV) layout scheme is determined, a BIM model is laid out based on the high-precision 3D digital model of the PV layout scheme. Based on core parameters such as array spacing, tilt angle, and arrangement density, a technical parameter report is generated and displayed.

[0051] The photovoltaic panel layout method provided by this invention relies on a BIM platform that supports the integration of multi-disciplinary data such as structural, electrical, and topographic data, enabling integrated design. The layout scheme output by the plug-in can be directly linked to the 3D model for collision detection with existing structures, thus intuitively representing the layout scheme involved. It also supports data transfer during the design, construction, and operation and maintenance phases, improving the efficiency of collaboration throughout the entire lifecycle. Furthermore, leveraging the open interface of the BIM platform, the plug-in is compatible with diverse input formats such as laser point clouds and GIS vector data, solving the access difficulties of niche or custom data and providing data support for photovoltaic design in special scenarios such as historical building rooftops and complex terrain areas. Moreover, relying on the high-precision modeling capabilities of the BIM platform, it can completely restore the spatial characteristics of complex environments such as mountains, rooftops, and water bodies. Combined with the plug-in algorithm, it can perform quantitative analysis of terrain slope, distribution of obstructions, etc., ensuring the physical compatibility of photovoltaic module layout with the environment by avoiding terrain obstacles and reducing earthwork modifications, solving the problem of insufficient adaptation to complex scenarios in traditional 2D design. In addition... The function plugin embeds solar trajectory models, shadow dynamic simulation algorithms, and power generation prediction models to achieve quantitative optimization of parameters such as tilt angle based on maximizing irradiance and array spacing based on shading avoidance and land utilization balance. This reduces power generation loss by 10%-15% compared to empirical design, while also reducing human calculation errors.

[0052] Specifically, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by this invention can quickly construct schemes for different time periods. For example, by analyzing the date, the period from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM is divided into hourly segments. The solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are calculated for each time point. For each time point, based on the sun's position and obstacle information, the shadow situation of each grid cell is calculated. The proportion of time each grid cell is covered by shadow within the time period is statistically analyzed, or the shadow situation at each time point can be analyzed in more detail. Thus, regional solar radiation analysis for the period from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM is determined.

[0053] Moreover, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by this invention can define various weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy, and overcast based on different solar radiation intensity influence coefficients, and adjust the radiation value based on weather conditions, thereby ensuring the accuracy of power generation calculation.

[0054] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel arrangement method provided by this invention can also calculate the impact of different material reflectivities, such as curtain wall reflectivity, on solar radiation analysis. For example, it adds reflective material properties to each large surface in the scene, calculates the incident direct radiation of each surface at each time point, and calculates the reflected radiation for each surface and analysis point pair. If the surface is illuminated by the sun and there is no obstruction between the analysis point and the surface, the reflected radiation is calculated, and the reflected radiation of each surface to the analysis point is added to the reflected radiation of the analysis point, thus obtaining a solar radiation analysis scheme that takes into account the reflectivity of the material surface, which can then be used for photovoltaic panel arrangement.

[0055] Specifically, based on determining the optimal arrangement angle and offset vector, this invention accurately calculates the sun's position by combining latitude and longitude information from terrain data, and dynamically adjusts the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels to maximize the total energy output within a preset time period. This further optimizes the solar panel's light reception efficiency, ensuring that each photovoltaic panel can exert its maximum power generation potential within the limited available space of complex terrain, thereby achieving higher energy output per unit area and significantly improving the utilization value of existing space in complex terrain.

[0056] Furthermore, this invention effectively avoids the negative impact of localized shadows caused by terrain undulations or surrounding obstacles on power generation efficiency by simulating shadow occlusion and performing shadow scoring and filtering on grid cells. It further utilizes the NSGAII multi-objective optimization algorithm to optimize array spacing under the dual constraints of power generation and land utilization, achieving an optimal balance between power generation efficiency and space occupation. This effectively reduces ineffective or inefficient layout areas, ensuring that every available space selected in complex terrain can be efficiently utilized, thereby improving overall space utilization efficiency in complex terrain.

[0057] For mountainous terrain, a typical complex terrain, this invention introduces slope value as a key terrain constraint for grid screening, directly excluding steep areas unsuitable for construction from the target area. This ensures that subsequent photovoltaic panel layout schemes are based on safe and feasible terrain, avoiding ineffective planning in areas that cannot be effectively utilized or have extremely high construction and maintenance costs. In this way, limited layout resources are concentrated in spaces with suitable slopes and high usability, improving the screening accuracy and utilization efficiency of existing available space in complex mountainous terrain.

[0058] Building upon slope selection, this invention further introduces a comprehensive suitability scoring mechanism that considers the impact of slope and surface roughness on construction and layout. This allows for a more precise differentiation of the construction suitability of different grid units, prioritizing areas with better terrain conditions for layout. This reduces the need for large-scale terrain modifications, lowers engineering difficulty and costs, and enables faster and more economical identification of high-value spaces under complex terrain conditions, thereby improving the rationality and economy of space utilization.

[0059] Furthermore, by setting area thresholds, continuous or near-continuous available areas of a certain scale can be selected, which helps to form a concentrated and orderly photovoltaic panel array. This avoids the problems of complex management, difficult wiring, and high maintenance costs caused by arranging the array in too scattered and fragmented small areas. It is conducive to achieving large-scale deployment and cluster effect, thereby optimizing the integration and utilization of spatial resources under complex terrain and improving the scale efficiency and operational benefits of the overall deployment.

[0060] Furthermore, by feeding back and updating the final photovoltaic panel layout results to the 3D environment model, generating an intuitive photovoltaic panel layout model and technical parameter report, this method achieves the visualization and data-driven output of design results. This not only facilitates designers in verifying, comparing, and communicating solutions, but also provides precise data support and visual guidance for subsequent construction, operation, and maintenance. It reduces problems such as construction rework or insufficient space utilization caused by information transmission errors or unclear design intentions. From the implementation perspective, it ensures that space utilization solutions under complex terrain can be executed accurately and efficiently, thereby improving the final implementation effect of space utilization.

[0061] In summary, by optimizing array spacing and density, land or space utilization can be improved by 5%-8%, reducing idle and wasteful modules. Meanwhile, precise tilt angle design can increase annual power generation by 3%-5%, resulting in an average annual revenue increase of several million yuan based on the installed capacity of large power plants. Furthermore, digital modeling and automated calculations shorten the design cycle by 30%-40%, reducing the time cost of manual drawing and parameter verification. Collision detection functions proactively mitigate the risk of rework during the construction phase, reducing on-site adjustment costs by more than 30%. In addition, the combined effect of increased power generation and cost savings can shorten the investment payback period of photovoltaic projects by 6-12 months, enhancing the economic feasibility of the projects.

[0062] Example 2 The present invention also provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement system, comprising: The model building module is used to acquire multi-dimensional data of the target area, perform BIM modeling based on the multi-dimensional data of the target area, and obtain a three-dimensional environment model. The three-dimensional environment model includes the area boundary and terrain data of the photovoltaic panel layout; and determines the terrain constraints based on the terrain data. The grid cell filtering module is used to divide the target area into multiple grid cells of the same size; calculate the center point coordinates of each grid cell, and determine the grid cells whose center point coordinates are located within the area boundary as the target area after the initial filtering; filter the target area after the initial filtering based on terrain constraints, and determine the grid cells in the target area after the initial filtering that meet the terrain constraints as the target area after terrain filtering; set the reference graphic of the photovoltaic panel in the grid cells that meet the terrain constraints, and determine the target area after the secondary filtering by the grid cells where the reference graphic of the photovoltaic panel falls into the area boundary; The parameter confirmation module is used to rotate the reference graphic direction of the photovoltaic panel based on terrain constraints and determine the photovoltaic panel layout angle based on the highest area utilization rate. Under the photovoltaic panel layout angle condition, the grid cells where the photovoltaic panel rectangle falls into the boundary of the area are offset in a plane based on terrain constraints and the grid cell plane offset vector is determined based on the highest area utilization rate. The photovoltaic panel layout result is obtained according to the photovoltaic panel layout angle and the grid cell plane offset vector.

[0063] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in an embodiment of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method. Specific implementation methods can be found in the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0064] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions, on which a computer program is stored. For example, a memory containing instructions that can be executed by a processor of a computer device to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps in an embodiment of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method. Specific implementation methods can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can provide methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0066] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0067] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0068] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0069] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail in this specification and embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention; and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are covered within the protection scope of the present invention patent. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Any simple variations or equivalent substitutions of technical solutions that can be readily obtained by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, include: Obtain multi-dimensional data of the target area, and perform BIM modeling based on the multi-dimensional data of the target area to obtain a three-dimensional environment model, wherein the three-dimensional environment model includes the area boundary and terrain data of the photovoltaic panel layout; determine terrain constraints based on the terrain data; The target area is divided into multiple grid cells of the same size; the center point coordinates of each grid cell are calculated, and the grid cells whose center point coordinates are located within the boundary of the area are determined as the target area after the initial screening; the target area after the initial screening is further filtered based on the terrain constraints, and the grid cells in the target area after the initial screening that meet the terrain constraints are determined as the target area after terrain filtering; the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel is set in the grid cells that meet the terrain constraints, and the target area after the secondary screening is determined by the grid cells where the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel falls into the boundary of the area; Based on the terrain constraints, the reference graphic direction of the photovoltaic panel is rotated, and the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle is determined based on the highest area utilization rate. Under the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle conditions, the grid cells of the photovoltaic panel rectangle falling into the boundary of the region are offset in a plane based on the terrain constraints, and the plane offset vector of the grid cell is determined based on the highest area utilization rate. The photovoltaic panel layout result is obtained according to the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle and the plane offset vector of the grid cell.

2. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel arrangement result is constructed based on the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle and the grid unit plane offset vector, including: The sun's position is determined based on the latitude and longitude in the terrain data. The tilt angle of the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted, and the direct radiation is calculated based on the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel after the tilt angle adjustment and the solar position. The total energy output is determined by accumulating the direct radiation at multiple times. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is determined by the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel with the largest total energy output. The total energy output is determined by accumulating the energy output of the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel within a preset time range. The photovoltaic panel arrangement result is determined based on the photovoltaic panel tilt angle, the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle, and the grid cell plane offset vector.

3. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After determining the photovoltaic panel arrangement result based on the photovoltaic panel tilt angle, photovoltaic panel arrangement angle, and grid cell plane offset vector, the process further includes: Based on the terrain data, shadow occlusion is simulated in the grid cells. Based on the shadow occlusion, shadow scores of multiple grid cells are calculated. Grid cells with shadow scores higher than a preset threshold are determined as the grid cells after shadow removal. The shadow score is negatively correlated with the duration of shadow occlusion affecting the grid cell. Based on the power generation of the photovoltaic panels and the land utilization constraints of the grid cells after shadow removal, the array spacing of the photovoltaic panel layout is optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm to obtain the optimized photovoltaic panel layout.

4. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target area is mountainous, and the terrain data includes slope values. Based on the terrain constraints, the target area after the initial screening is further filtered. Grid cells within the initially screened target area that meet the terrain constraints are identified as the target area after terrain filtering. Based on the slope value, the target area after terrain filtering is selected from the grid cells, wherein the center point coordinates of the grid cells are located within the boundary of the area.

5. A photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The target area after terrain filtering is determined by grid cells with slope values ​​less than a preset slope threshold, including: The grid cells are scored for suitability, wherein the suitability score is negatively correlated with the slope of the grid cells and negatively correlated with the roughness of the grid cells. The target area after terrain filtering is determined by the grid cells whose suitability scores are greater than a preset suitability threshold.

6. A photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After determining the target area after terrain filtering using grid cells that meet terrain constraints, the process also includes: The target area after terrain filtering is determined by grid cells whose area is greater than a preset area threshold, wherein the center point coordinates of the grid cells are located within the boundary of the area.

7. A photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After constructing the photovoltaic panel layout result based on the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle and the grid cell plane offset vector, the method further includes: The three-dimensional environment model is updated based on the photovoltaic panel layout results to obtain the photovoltaic panel layout model; A technical parameter report is constructed based on the photovoltaic panel layout results; The photovoltaic panel layout model and technical parameter report are output and displayed.

8. A photovoltaic panel arrangement system, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to acquire multi-dimensional data of the target area, perform BIM modeling based on the multi-dimensional data of the target area, and obtain a three-dimensional environment model, wherein the three-dimensional environment model includes the area boundary and terrain data of the photovoltaic panel layout; and determine the terrain constraints based on the terrain data. The grid cell filtering module is used to divide the target area into multiple grid cells of the same size; calculate the center point coordinates of each grid cell, and determine the grid cells whose center point coordinates are located within the boundary of the area as the target area after the initial filtering; filter the target area after the initial filtering based on the terrain constraints, and determine the grid cells in the target area after the initial filtering that meet the terrain constraints as the target area after terrain filtering; set the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel in the grid cells that meet the terrain constraints, and determine the target area after the secondary filtering by the grid cells where the reference pattern of the photovoltaic panel falls into the boundary of the area; The arrangement parameter confirmation module is used to rotate the reference graphic direction of the photovoltaic panel based on the terrain constraints, and determine the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle based on the highest area utilization rate; under the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle conditions, the grid cells of the photovoltaic panel rectangle falling into the boundary of the area are offset in a plane based on the terrain constraints, and the grid cell plane offset vector is determined based on the highest area utilization rate; the photovoltaic panel arrangement result is obtained according to the photovoltaic panel arrangement angle and the grid cell plane offset vector.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is loaded by the processor, it is able to execute the steps of the photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images