Quantum state reading method, quantum calculation measurement and control system and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a quantum state reading method, a quantum calculation measurement and control system and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining quantum measurement and control information; after the first time delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameter and the second time delay, triggering a first reading operation for the quantum state of the target quantum bit at the current moment through the reading signal line to obtain a first reading result; based on the second waveform parameter, triggering the target quantum bit to execute a target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line; based on the first waveform parameter and the second time delay, triggering a second reading operation of the quantum state after the target quantum bit completes the target quantum logic gate operation through the reading signal line, and obtaining a second reading result; and when the first reading result is the target quantum state, determining the second reading result as a target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation. Through the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fidelity of quantum state reading is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum measurement and control technology, and in particular to a quantum state reading method, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In order to avoid the impact of the uncertainty of the initial state of the qubit on the accuracy of the quantum state reading result during the execution of quantum logic gate operation, a predictive method can be used for quantum state reading. That is, quantum state reading is performed before and after the execution of quantum logic gate operation. In this way, the reading result before the execution is used to filter the reading result after the execution, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum state reading.

[0003] However, with the iterative updates of quantum computing measurement and control systems in quantum computers, a known quantum computing measurement and control system is limited by hardware conditions, resulting in an inconsistency between the readout trigger delay and the signal acquisition delay on the readout signal line, which affects the quantum state readout. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum state readout method, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a storage medium to improve the fidelity of quantum state readout. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] This application provides a quantum state readout method, applied to a quantum computing measurement and control system, the method comprising:

[0006] The quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation is obtained. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0007] After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered through the read signal line to obtain the first read result;

[0008] Based on the second waveform parameters, the target quantum bit is triggered to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line;

[0009] Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the second read operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the second read result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second read operation and the completion time of the first read operation;

[0010] When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0011] This application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, the quantum computing measurement and control system comprising:

[0012] The acquisition module is used to acquire the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0013] The first reading module is used to trigger a first reading operation on the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment through the reading signal line after a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, to obtain a first reading result;

[0014] The triggering module is used to trigger the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters;

[0015] The second reading module is used to trigger a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation through the reading signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, so as to obtain a second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation;

[0016] The determining module is used to determine the second reading result as the target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation when the first reading result is the target quantum state.

[0017] This application embodiment also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus;

[0018] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0019] When a processor executes a program stored in memory, it implements any of the steps of the quantum state readout method described above.

[0020] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the quantum state readout method steps described above.

[0021] This application also provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute any of the quantum state readout methods described above.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the embodiments in this application:

[0023] The technical solution provided in this application embodiment can, after obtaining the quantum measurement and control information required for the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation, perform a prediction process based on the information carried in the quantum measurement and control information. That is, after a first delay at the current time, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a first reading operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain a first reading result. Based on the second waveform parameters, the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the bit signal line. Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a second reading operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain a second reading result. Thus, when the first reading result is the target quantum state, the target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation determined by the second reading result is used.

[0024] Compared to related technologies, in the first read operation, the read trigger delay is the first delay, and the signal acquisition delay is the second delay; in the second read operation, the read trigger delay is the target time interval, and the signal acquisition delay is the second delay. Since the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, both the first and second read operations in the prediction process can satisfy the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period. This overcomes the problem of inconsistency between the read trigger delay and the signal sampling delay, effectively improving the fidelity of quantum state readout in the prediction process.

[0025] Of course, implementing any product or method of this application does not necessarily require achieving all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first flowchart of a quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the execution process of quantum logic gate operations provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a second flowchart illustrating the quantum state readout method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the third process for the quantum state readout method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the fourth process of the quantum state readout method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 A fifth flowchart illustrating the quantum state readout method provided in this application embodiment;

[0033] Figure 7 A sixth flowchart illustrating the quantum state readout method provided in this application embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 A seventh flowchart illustrating the quantum state readout method provided in this application embodiment;

[0035] Figure 9 for Figure 2 Another schematic diagram illustrating the execution process of quantum logic gate operations;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] To address the problems in related technologies, this application provides a quantum state readout method. For example... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first flowchart of a quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method is applied to a quantum computing measurement and control system and may specifically include the following steps.

[0040] Step S101: Obtain the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0041] Step S102: After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the first read result.

[0042] Step S103: Based on the second waveform parameters, the target qubit is triggered to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line.

[0043] Step S104: Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, trigger the second read operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation by reading the signal line to obtain the second read result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second read operation and the completion time of the first read operation.

[0044] Step S105: When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0045] In this embodiment, the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system can be a physical cabinet. This physical cabinet includes multiple different types of chassis, such as central control equipment, routing equipment, and bottom-level equipment in the quantum computing measurement and control system. Each chassis can include different boards. For ease of understanding, the bottom-level equipment is taken as an example. The bottom-level equipment can include Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) boards, Analog-Digital-Digital Analog (ADDA) boards, Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) boards, etc.

[0046] During quantum logic gate operation, the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system provides corresponding pulse signals to the qubits performing the quantum logic gate operation. Different pulse signals can be generated and output by different types of boards in the underlying device. For ease of understanding, the following explanation focuses solely on the quantum computing measurement and control system as a whole. The generation process of different pulse signals can be found in related technologies; the specific methods are not detailed here.

[0047] pass Figure 1 The method shown can, after obtaining the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation, perform a prediction process based on the information carried in the quantum measurement and control information. That is, after a first delay at the current time, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a first read operation is triggered by the read signal line to obtain a first read result. Based on the second waveform parameters, the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the bit signal line. Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a second read operation is triggered by the read signal line to obtain a second read result. Thus, when the first read result is the target quantum state, the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation determined by the second read result is obtained.

[0048] Compared to related technologies, in the first read operation, the read trigger delay is the first delay, and the signal acquisition delay is the second delay; in the second read operation, the read trigger delay is the target time interval, and the signal acquisition delay is the second delay. Since the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, both the first and second read operations in the prediction process can satisfy the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period. This overcomes the problem of inconsistency between the read trigger delay and the signal sampling delay, effectively improving the fidelity of quantum state readout in the prediction process.

[0049] The embodiments of this application will be described below through specific examples.

[0050] Regarding step S101 above, namely, obtaining the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation, the quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0051] In this embodiment, the quantum computing measurement and control system is communicatively connected to the quantum chip. Specifically, for each qubit on the quantum chip, the qubit can be communicatively connected to the quantum computing measurement and control system via a bit signal line. When the qubit performs a quantum logic gate operation, the quantum computing measurement and control system can provide a corresponding pulse signal to the qubit via the bit signal line.

[0052] In addition, one or more readout buses are set on the quantum chip, and each readout bus can be communicated with the quantum computing measurement and control system through readout signal lines. For each qubit on the quantum chip, since the resonant cavity coupled to the qubit is coupled to a readout bus, the quantum computing measurement and control system can perform dispersion shift reading of the resonant cavity through the readout signal lines during quantum state reading, thereby determining the quantum state corresponding to the qubit and completing the quantum state reading.

[0053] In this embodiment, the quantum state readout process of the target quantum logic gate operation can be refined into three stages, which are represented sequentially according to the execution time: the first measurement and readout stage, the quantum logic gate operation stage, and the second measurement and readout stage. The first measurement and readout stage primarily involves reading the quantum state of the target qubit before executing the target quantum logic gate operation; the quantum logic gate operation stage primarily involves executing the target quantum logic gate operation; and the second measurement and readout stage primarily involves reading the quantum state of the target qubit after the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0054] For ease of understanding, combined with Figure 2 Let's take an example to illustrate. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution process of quantum logic gate operations provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 In the execution of the quantum logic gate operation shown, the end time of the first measurement and reading phase is the start time of the quantum logic gate operation phase, and the end time of the quantum logic gate operation phase is the start time of the second measurement and reading phase.

[0055] Before triggering the aforementioned quantum state readout process, the quantum computing measurement and control system can acquire the information required for the execution of the target quantum logic gate operation (denoted as quantum measurement and control information). This quantum measurement and control information may include waveform parameters and time parameters corresponding to each signal line at each stage of the quantum state readout process. The waveform parameters are used to generate the waveform signals transmitted on each signal line, such as the first and second waveform parameters mentioned above; the time parameters are used to indicate the waiting time or triggering time corresponding to the waveform signals on each signal line, such as the first and second delays mentioned above.

[0056] For ease of understanding, combined with Figure 2 This will be explained using the first measurement and reading phase as an example. (Regarding...) Figure 2 The read signal lines shown represent the first measurement of the read operation during the read phase (i.e., Figure 2 The waveform parameters corresponding to the M operation shown are the same as the first waveform parameters mentioned above. Figure 2 The delay 4 shown is the trigger duration of the M operation, which is the first delay mentioned above. Figure 2 The delay 5 shown is the acquisition waiting time during the M operation process, which is the second delay mentioned above.

[0057] Regarding the first and second measurement reading stages mentioned above, since both stages involve reading the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment, the operations on the reading signal line are the same during the execution of the first and second measurement reading stages. That is, the waveform parameters and the second delay are the same in both stages.

[0058] In this embodiment, the target quantum logic gate operation performed by the target quantum bit can be a single quantum logic gate operation, a dual quantum logic gate operation, or a multi-quantum logic gate operation. Depending on the different target quantum logic gate operations, the number of target quantum bits can be one or more. Correspondingly, the number of bit signal lines will also vary. Here, no specific limitations are made on the number of target quantum logic gates, target quantum bits, or bit signal lines.

[0059] In addition, the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information may also include other parameters. For example, the duration of each stage in the quantum state readout process of the target quantum logic gate operation. Here, no specific limitations are made on the parameters included in the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information.

[0060] The first and second delays mentioned above are integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) sampling period.

[0061] In this embodiment, the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) performs digital-to-analog conversion during the first delay period, and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs analog-to-digital conversion during the second delay period. When the first and second delays are integer multiples of the least common multiple between the DAC sampling period and the ADC sampling period, the periodic integrity of the DAC and ADC can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the ADC process begins precisely when the DAC is completed, simultaneously satisfying the time requirements of both the DAC and ADC processes. This overcomes the problem of inconsistency between the read trigger delay and the signal sampling delay, effectively improving the accuracy of the first read result obtained later.

[0062] Regarding step S102 above, that is, after the first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first reading operation for the quantum state of the target quantum bit at the current moment is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain the first reading result.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, step S102 can be expressed as follows: after a first delay at the current time, a third read signal matching the first waveform parameters is transmitted through the read signal line, and after a second delay at the current time, the signal on the read signal line is acquired and measured to obtain the first read result corresponding to the first read operation.

[0064] After obtaining the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information, the quantum computing measurement and control system can, with the current time as time zero, enter the first measurement and reading phase after a first delay. At this time, the quantum computing measurement and control system can generate a reading signal (denoted as the third reading signal) for quantum state reading based on the first waveform parameters in the quantum measurement and control information. The quantum computing measurement and control system transmits the third reading signal to the reading bus on the quantum chip via the reading signal line.

[0065] On a quantum chip, the coupling between the qubit and the resonant cavity causes a change in the cavity's resonant frequency. Therefore, after the third read signal is transmitted to the read bus on the quantum chip, after a period of evolution, the signal in the resonant cavity will affect the coupled read bus and be output through the read signal line. Thus, by acquiring and measuring the signal on the read signal line, the quantum state readout result of the target qubit at the current moment can be obtained. That is, the quantum computing measurement and control system can acquire and read the signal on the read signal line after a second delay following the transmission of the third read signal, and obtain the quantum state readout result of the target qubit at the current moment (denoted as the first readout result).

[0066] The first measurement and reading phase described above may include a signal acquisition waiting process and a signal acquisition process. For ease of understanding, this will be discussed in conjunction with the above. Figure 2 Let's take an example to illustrate. Figure 2The first measurement and reading phase shown is the quantum state reading process during the M operation. The process corresponding to delay 5 is the signal acquisition waiting process, the process corresponding to duration 1 is the signal acquisition process, and duration 2 is the duration of the first measurement and reading phase.

[0067] Regarding step S103 above, that is, based on the second waveform parameters, the target quantum bit is triggered to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line.

[0068] In this step, after completing the first measurement and reading stage, the quantum computing measurement and control system can enter the quantum logic gate operation stage. At this time, the quantum computing measurement and control system can generate a pulse signal corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation based on the second waveform parameters in the quantum measurement and control information, and then transmit the pulse signal to the target quantum bit through the bit signal line. The target quantum bit then executes the target quantum logic gate operation according to the received pulse signal.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the quantum measurement and control information may further include the execution duration (denoted as the second execution duration) corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0070] When the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information includes the second execution duration, the quantum computing measurement and control system can generate a pulse signal matching the second execution duration, and then transmit the pulse signal to the bit signal line. Alternatively, after generating the aforementioned pulse signal, the quantum computing measurement and control system can continuously transmit a pulse signal of the second execution duration to the target qubit.

[0071] Regarding step S104 above, that is, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after the completion of the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain the second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation.

[0072] In an optional embodiment, step S104 above can be expressed as: transmitting a fourth read signal that matches the first waveform parameters through the read signal line, and after a second delay at the current time, acquiring and measuring the signal on the read signal line to obtain the second read result corresponding to the second read operation.

[0073] After completing the quantum logic gate operation phase described above, the quantum computing measurement and control system enters the second measurement and reading phase. At this time, the quantum computing measurement and control system can generate a reading signal (denoted as the fourth reading signal) for quantum state reading based on the first waveform parameters described above. This fourth reading signal is the same as the third reading signal described above.

[0074] The quantum computing measurement and control system can transmit the fourth read signal through the aforementioned read signal line. By acquiring and reading the signal on the read signal line, the quantum computing measurement and control system can obtain the quantum state read result of the target qubit at the current moment (denoted as the second read result). The method for obtaining the second read result can refer to the method for obtaining the first read result, and will not be specifically described here.

[0075] In this embodiment, the time interval between two read operations is denoted as the target time interval, which is the time difference between the trigger time of the second read operation and the completion time of the first read operation. This target time interval is an integer multiple of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period.

[0076] Since the target time interval and the second delay of the second measurement and reading stage are both integer multiples of the least common multiple, the target time interval and the second delay can ensure the periodic integrity of the digital-to-analog conversion and the analog-to-digital conversion. Furthermore, the analog-to-digital conversion process begins just as the digital-to-analog conversion is completed, thus satisfying the time requirements of both the digital-to-analog conversion and the analog-to-digital conversion process. This overcomes the problem of inconsistency between the reading trigger delay and the signal sampling delay, effectively improving the accuracy of the first reading result obtained later.

[0077] The first readout result is the quantum state result of the target qubit before performing the target quantum logic gate operation, and the second readout result is the quantum state result of the target qubit after performing the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0078] Regarding step S105 above, that is, when the first reading result is the target quantum state, the second reading result is determined as the target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0079] For ease of understanding, let's take the target quantum state as |0> as an example. After obtaining the second readout result, if the first readout result is |0>, the quantum computing measurement and control system can determine the second readout result as the target readout result corresponding to this quantum logic gate operation.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, if the first reading result is not the target quantum state, such as if the first reading result is |1>, the quantum computing measurement and control system can discard the first and second reading results obtained in this quantum logic gate operation process.

[0081] In the embodiments of this application, the target quantum state will vary depending on the different quantum logic gate operations and user requirements. Here, no specific limitation is made on the target quantum state.

[0082] In an optional embodiment, during the quantum measurement process, the quantum measurement result can be determined based on the probability distribution of the quantum state. That is, through multiple measurement reads of the target quantum logic gate operation described above, multiple sets of read results are obtained, and the probability distributions corresponding to different quantum states are statistically analyzed to obtain the quantum measurement result. In the above embodiment, only the measurement read process of a single target quantum logic gate operation is described as an example. For multiple measurement read processes, the read result corresponding to each measurement read can be determined by referring to the above method, and specific details will not be elaborated further.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application also provides a quantum state readout method. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a second flowchart of the quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 The method shown above, step S103, can be further refined into the following steps, namely step S1031-step S1033.

[0084] Step S1031: Generate the drive signal to be transmitted on the pulse modulation line according to the third waveform parameters.

[0085] Step S1032: Generate the control signal to be transmitted on the flux modulation line according to the fourth waveform parameters.

[0086] In this embodiment of the application, for each qubit, the corresponding bit signal line may include: a pulse modulation line (also called an XY line) and a magnetic flux modulation line (also called a Z line) corresponding to the qubit. The pulse modulation line is used to provide the driving signal required for quantum state manipulation of the qubit, and the magnetic flux modulation line is used to provide the control signal required for frequency manipulation of the qubit.

[0087] Since the aforementioned bit signal lines include pulse modulation lines and magnetic flux modulation lines, the aforementioned second waveform parameters may include the waveform parameters corresponding to the pulse modulation lines (denoted as the third waveform parameters) and the waveform parameters corresponding to the magnetic flux modulation lines (denoted as the fourth waveform parameters).

[0088] In the embodiments of this application, the drive signal and control signal to be transmitted will vary depending on the operation of the target quantum logic gate. Here, no specific limitations are made on the drive signal and control signal to be transmitted.

[0089] The above steps S1031 and S1032 can be executed simultaneously or sequentially. Here, there is no specific limitation on the execution order of the above steps S1031 and S1032.

[0090] In step S1033, a drive signal to be transmitted and a control signal to be transmitted are transmitted to the target qubit through a pulse modulation line and a magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, so that the target qubit can perform the target quantum logic gate operation based on the drive signal and the control signal.

[0091] In this step, the quantum computing measurement and control system can transmit the driving signal to be transmitted to the target qubit via the pulse modulation line and the control signal to be transmitted via the magnetic flux modulation line. The target qubit triggers and completes the target quantum logic gate operation based on the received driving and control signals.

[0092] For ease of understanding, in conjunction with the above Figure 2 Let's take an example to illustrate. Figure 2 As shown in the quantum logic gate operation stage, the quantum computing measurement and control system triggers the target qubit to execute, such as, by sending the aforementioned drive signal and control signal to be transmitted. Figure 2 The X-gate and Z-gate are shown.

[0093] In this embodiment of the application, the second execution duration of the quantum logic gate operation in the above-mentioned quantum logic gate operation phase can be as follows: Figure 2 The duration that matches the delay 7, that is, the duration corresponding to the X gate and the Z gate.

[0094] The timing and duration of waveform signals applied to the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line can differ during the execution of different quantum logic gates. For ease of understanding, an example is a swap experiment between two target qubits. In the swap process, a π pulse is applied to the pulse modulation line of one target qubit before a rectangular wave is applied to the flux modulation line of the two qubits. Therefore, the second execution duration is not the application duration of the drive signal and control signal to be transmitted, but rather the total execution duration of the entire target quantum logic gate operation. In the above embodiment, the example only illustrates the transmission of the drive signal and control signal at the start time of the quantum logic gate operation phase and the cessation of transmission at the end time of the quantum logic gate operation phase. For ease of understanding, the following explanation uses the duration of the drive signal and control signal to be transmitted as an example, and does not constitute any limitation.

[0095] In steps S1031-S1033 above, the quantum computing measurement and control system can trigger the target quantum bit to execute the target quantum logic gate operation by sending the drive signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit, which facilitates the acquisition of the second reading result later.

[0096] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 3 The method shown in this application also provides a quantum state readout method. For example... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a third process for a quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 The above step S1033 in the method shown is further refined into the following steps, namely step S1034.

[0097] In step S1034, based on the third delay, the driving signal and the control signal to be transmitted are transmitted to the target qubit through the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, so that the target qubit can perform the target quantum logic gate operation based on the driving signal and the control signal.

[0098] In an optional embodiment, the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line may experience signal transmission delays due to factors such as line attribute parameters and line length. That is, signals simultaneously transmitted from the quantum computing measurement and control system at a given moment may not reach the target qubit simultaneously via the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line. Therefore, the quantum measurement and control information may further include a third delay between the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line, which is determined based on the signal transmission delay between them.

[0099] In the embodiments of this application, the aforementioned third delay can be obtained through relevant experimental measurements, such as XYZ Timing experiments in related technologies. Here, the method for determining the aforementioned third delay is not specifically limited.

[0100] The aforementioned third delay can be the transmission delay of the signal on the pulse modulation line, the transmission delay of the signal on the flux modulation line, or the transmission delay corresponding to each of the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, if the third delay is a transmission delay of the signal on the pulse modulation line, the quantum computing measurement and control system can wait for the third delay after transmitting the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line, and then transmit the pulse signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the pulse modulation line.

[0102] In another optional embodiment, if the third delay is a signal transmission waiting delay on the magnetic flux modulation line, the quantum computing measurement and control system can wait for the third delay after transmitting the pulse signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the pulse modulation line, and then transmit the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line.

[0103] In another optional embodiment, if the third delay is the transmission waiting delay corresponding to the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line respectively, the quantum computing measurement and control system can send the drive signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted to the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line respectively after waiting for the transmission waiting delay corresponding to the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line respectively according to the third delay.

[0104] For ease of understanding, in conjunction with the above Figure 2 Let me explain. Now assume that the third delay mentioned above is... Figure 2 The delays 1 and 3 are shown. That is, when the target qubit is triggered to perform a quantum logic gate operation, the signal transmission on the pulse modulation line needs to wait for delay 1, and the signal transmission on the flux modulation line needs to wait for delay 3.

[0105] In an optional embodiment, considering that there is no signal transmission on the pulse modulation line during the first measurement and readout phase, to ensure that there is only one zero moment during the quantum state readout process, the third delay can be expressed as the sum of the waiting delay for signal transmission on the pulse modulation line and the corresponding waiting trigger delay. Here, the waiting trigger delay is the time difference between the trigger moment of the first measurement and readout phase and the trigger moment of the quantum logic gate operation on the pulse modulation line. For ease of understanding, combined with... Figure 2 Let's take an example to illustrate. The third delay mentioned above can be expressed as... Figure 2 The sum of delay 1 and delay 2 is shown, where delay 2 is the waiting trigger delay corresponding to the pulse modulation line.

[0106] Through the above step S1034, the quantum computing measurement and control system can effectively avoid the influence of signal transmission delay between the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line according to the above third delay, effectively ensuring that the above-mentioned driving signal to be transmitted and the above-mentioned control signal to be transmitted can be transmitted to the target quantum bit as required, thereby ensuring the normal execution of the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0107] In the above embodiments, the third delay is described only as the line delay between the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line. When the target quantum logic gate operation is a two-quantum logic gate operation or a multi-quantum logic gate operation, the third delay may also include the line delay between different pulse modulation lines and the line delay between different flux modulation lines, etc. Here, the third delay is not specifically limited.

[0108] In an optional embodiment, the aforementioned read signal line also has a corresponding line delay, as described above. Figure 2 The delay shown is 4. The line delay for reading the signal line can be set according to user needs, etc. Here, no specific limit is made on the line delay for reading the signal line.

[0109] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 1 The method shown in this application also provides a quantum state readout method. For example... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0110] Step S501: Obtain the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0111] Step S502: After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the first read result.

[0112] The steps S501-S502 described above are the same as the steps S101-S102 described above.

[0113] Step S503: Based on the fifth waveform parameters, a zero-bias signal matching the first execution duration is transmitted to the target quantum bit via a magnetic flux modulation line.

[0114] In an optional embodiment, after the introduction of the first measurement and readout phase, considering that a signal may still exist on the quantum chip's readout bus when the first measurement and readout phase is completed (denoted as a residual signal), the presence of the residual signal may interfere with the quantum logic gate operation phase. To avoid interference from the residual signal of the first measurement and readout phase on the quantum logic gate operation phase, a zero-bias operation can be performed preferentially after entering the quantum logic gate operation phase. Accordingly, the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information may also include the fifth waveform parameter and the first execution duration corresponding to the zero-bias operation on the flux modulation line.

[0115] When entering the quantum logic gate operation phase, the quantum computing measurement and control system can, instead of sending a pulse signal to the target qubit, first trigger a zero-bias operation on the magnetic flux modulation line. That is, the quantum computing measurement and control system can first generate a zero-bias signal matching the first execution duration based on the fifth waveform parameter in the quantum measurement and control information, and then transmit this zero-bias signal to the target qubit through the aforementioned magnetic flux modulation line.

[0116] In an optional embodiment, the aforementioned zero-bias signal can be an empty wave with an amplitude of 0. The target qubit may not perform any processing upon receiving the zero-bias signal. Furthermore, the aforementioned first execution duration can be set based on user experience or experimental test values. Here, no specific limitations are placed on the aforementioned zero-bias signal and first execution duration.

[0117] In an optional embodiment, during the zero-bias operation described above, the target qubit will not receive the signal transmitted via the pulse modulation line, and the readout bus on the quantum chip will not receive the signal transmitted via the readout signal line. As described above... Figure 2 During the zero-bias operation, there is a delay on both the pulse modulation line and the read signal line that matches the first execution duration, such as the delay 6 on the read signal line.

[0118] Through the above step S503, before the target qubit is triggered to execute the target quantum logic gate, the quantum computing measurement and control system transmits a zero-bias signal on the magnetic flux modulation line to create a time interval between the first measurement and reading operation and the quantum logic gate operation. This avoids the influence of the residual signal in the first measurement and reading stage on the quantum logic gate operation stage, which improves the accuracy of the target quantum logic gate operation in the quantum logic gate operation stage, and thus improves the accuracy of the subsequent quantum state reading results.

[0119] Step S504: Based on the second waveform parameters, the target qubit is triggered to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line.

[0120] Step S505: Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain the second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation.

[0121] Step S506: When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0122] Steps S504-S506 are the same as steps S103-S105.

[0123] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 1 As illustrated in the embodiments shown, this application also provides a quantum state readout method. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6This is a fifth flowchart illustrating the quantum state readout method provided in this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0124] Step S601: Obtain the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0125] Step S602: After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the first read result.

[0126] Step S603: Based on the fifth waveform parameters, a zero-bias signal matching the first execution duration is transmitted to the target quantum bit via a magnetic flux modulation line.

[0127] Step S604: Based on the second waveform parameters, the target qubit is triggered to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line.

[0128] Steps S601-S604 above are the same as steps S501-S504 above.

[0129] Step S605: Calculate the compensation delay corresponding to the second read operation based on the first execution duration and the second execution duration of the target quantum logic gate operation, wherein the sum of the first execution duration, the second execution duration, and the compensation delay is an integer multiple of the least common multiple.

[0130] In this embodiment, the first execution duration is the duration of the zero-bias operation in the quantum logic gate operation phase, and the second execution duration is the duration of the target quantum logic gate operation in the quantum logic gate operation phase. Therefore, the sum of the first and second execution durations (denoted as the target sum) is the duration of the quantum logic gate operation phase. If this target sum is not an integer multiple of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, it will severely affect the signal acquisition process in the subsequent second measurement and reading phase. Therefore, the quantum computing measurement and control system can determine whether the target sum is an integer multiple of the least common multiple.

[0131] In an optional embodiment, when the above target sum is an integer multiple of the above least common multiple, the quantum computing measurement and control system can determine that the compensation duration corresponding to the second read operation is 0.

[0132] In another optional embodiment, when the target sum is not an integer multiple of the least common multiple, the quantum computing measurement and control system can round the target sum up to an integer multiple of the least common multiple to obtain the target duration. The difference between the target duration and the target sum is the compensation duration corresponding to the second read operation. That is, the sum of the target sum and the compensation duration is the target duration.

[0133] For ease of understanding, let's take 50 ns (nanoseconds) as an example, where the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period is 50 ns (nanoseconds). Now, assuming the above target sum is 720 ns, then rounding up 720 ns gives a target duration of 750 ns, and correspondingly, a compensation duration of 30 ns.

[0134] Step S606: Based on the first waveform parameters, the second delay, and the compensation delay, a second reading operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain the second reading result of the quantum state of the target qubit after the completion of the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0135] In this step, after completing the quantum logic gate operation phase, the quantum computing measurement and control system enters the second measurement and reading phase described above. At this time, after waiting for a duration matching the compensation delay, the quantum computing measurement and control system generates a fourth reading signal matching the parameters of the first waveform and transmits this fourth reading signal through the reading signal line. The quantum computing measurement and control system can perform a reading operation on the signal in the reading signal line after a second delay following the transmission of the fourth reading signal, obtaining the reading result of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation (i.e., the second reading result described above).

[0136] For ease of understanding, in conjunction with the above Figure 2 Let's take an example. The compensation delay determined through step S606 above is... Figure 2 The delay shown is 8; therefore, the target time interval between the two read operations is... Figure 2 The delay shown is 9. This means that after completing the first measurement and reading phase, the quantum computing measurement and control system can wait for a delay of 9 before entering the second measurement and reading phase to obtain the quantum state reading result corresponding to the target qubit at the current moment.

[0137] Step S606 above is a refinement of step S504 above.

[0138] Through steps S605-S606 above, the quantum computing measurement and control system, based on compensation delay, compensates the time interval between the two reading operations to an integer multiple of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period before the second reading operation is triggered. This ensures the periodic integrity of the digital-to-analog conversion and the analog-to-digital conversion, and the analog-to-digital conversion process begins precisely when the digital-to-analog conversion is completed, thus satisfying the time requirements of both processes. This overcomes the problem of inconsistent reading trigger delay and signal sampling delay, effectively improving the accuracy of the first reading result obtained later.

[0139] Step S607: When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0140] Step S607 is the same as step S506.

[0141] In the above Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, compensation is only described as occurring before the second read operation is triggered. However, the aforementioned compensation delay can also be performed during the quantum logic gate operation phase. For example, the compensation delay can be performed before or after the zero-bias operation, or after the target quantum logic gate operation. Here, the specific method of delay compensation between the two read operations is not limited.

[0142] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 3 The method shown in this application also provides a quantum state readout method. For example... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a sixth flowchart illustrating a quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0143] Step S701: Obtain the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0144] Step S702: After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the first read result.

[0145] Step S703: Generate the drive signal to be transmitted on the pulse modulation line according to the third waveform parameters.

[0146] Step S704: Generate the control signal to be transmitted on the flux modulation line according to the fourth waveform parameters.

[0147] In step S705, a drive signal to be transmitted and a control signal to be transmitted are transmitted to the target qubit through a pulse modulation line and a magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, so that the target qubit can perform the target quantum logic gate operation based on the drive signal and the control signal.

[0148] The steps S701-S705 described above are the same as the steps S101-S1033 described above.

[0149] Step S706: After the second execution duration of sending the control signal to be transmitted, the first read signal is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameter.

[0150] In an optional embodiment, the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information may further include the second execution duration of the target quantum logic gate operation and the sixth waveform parameter corresponding to the operating point frequency readout operation on the flux modulation line.

[0151] After the quantum computing measurement and control system transmits the control signal to be transmitted to the target qubit via the aforementioned magnetic flux modulation line for a second execution duration, it can generate an operating point frequency readout signal (denoted as the first readout signal) based on the sixth waveform parameter in the quantum measurement and control information. The quantum computing measurement and control system then transmits this first readout signal to the target qubit via the magnetic flux modulation line.

[0152] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned operating point frequency readout operation occurs during the second measurement and readout phase. Since the same qubit corresponds to different operating point frequencies when performing different quantum logic gate operations, such as the operating point frequency of a qubit when performing a single quantum logic gate operation being different from its operating point frequency when participating in a two-quantum logic gate operation, in order to ensure the readout quality of the quantum state during the second measurement and readout phase, the operating point frequency readout of the target qubit can be triggered during the second measurement and readout phase.

[0153] Step S707: Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain the second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation.

[0154] Step S708: When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0155] Steps S707-S708 are the same as steps S104-S105.

[0156] In an optional embodiment, according to the above... Figure 7 The method shown in this application also provides a quantum state readout method. For example... Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a seventh flowchart illustrating a quantum state readout method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0157] Step S801: Obtain the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0158] Step S802: After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the first read result.

[0159] The steps S801-S802 described above are the same as the steps S701-S702 described above.

[0160] Step S803: According to the sixth waveform parameters, a second read signal is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line; wherein, the trigger time of the second read signal is the same as the trigger time of the first read operation, and the execution duration corresponding to the second read signal is the same as the execution duration of the first read operation.

[0161] During the first measurement and reading phase described above, the quantum computing measurement and control system can also generate an operating point frequency readout signal (denoted as the second readout signal) based on the sixth waveform parameters mentioned above. This second readout signal is the same as the first readout signal. The quantum computing measurement and control system can send the second readout signal to the target qubit via the aforementioned magnetic flux modulation line.

[0162] Step S804: Generate the drive signal to be transmitted on the pulse modulation line according to the third waveform parameters.

[0163] Step S805: Generate the control signal to be transmitted on the flux modulation line according to the fourth waveform parameters.

[0164] In step S806, a drive signal to be transmitted and a control signal to be transmitted are transmitted to the target qubit through a pulse modulation line and a magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, so that the target qubit can perform the target quantum logic gate operation based on the drive signal and the control signal.

[0165] In step S807, after the second execution duration of sending the control signal to be transmitted, the first read signal is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameter.

[0166] Step S808: Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain the second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation.

[0167] Step S809: When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

[0168] Steps S804-S809 are the same as steps S703-S708.

[0169] In the above Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, in order to ensure the quality of the second measurement and reading operation, the operating point frequency reading operation is performed in the second measurement and reading stage. Therefore, in order to ensure that the first measurement and reading operation and the second measurement and reading operation have the same measurement environment, the operating point frequency reading operation of the target qubit can also be triggered in the first measurement and reading stage, that is, the above-mentioned step S803 is executed. This ensures the accuracy and validity of the first reading result.

[0170] In an optional embodiment, when there is a compensation delay in the second measurement and reading stage (i.e., when the compensation delay is non-zero), the quantum computing measurement and control system can, before sending the first reading signal (i.e., after the second execution duration of sending the control signal to be transmitted), take the value present on the signal line according to the fifth waveform parameter. Figure 2 The delay of 8 shown causes the M operation to be delayed backward through the flux modulation line to transmit a zero-bias signal matching the compensation delay to the target quantum bit.

[0171] For ease of understanding, in conjunction with the above Figure 2Let's take an example to illustrate. Because the reading is delayed in the second measurement and reading phase, in order to ensure that the start and end times of the operating point frequency reading operation and the M operation are the same in the second measurement and reading phase, the quantum computing measurement and control system can send a zero-bias signal that matches the delay of 8 at the start of the second measurement and reading phase.

[0172] By transmitting the zero-bias signal that matches the compensation delay, the synchronization of the target qubit's corresponding operating point frequency readout operation and the second readout operation can be effectively guaranteed, thus improving the accuracy of the obtained second measurement result.

[0173] In the above embodiments, for ease of understanding, the quantum state readout process of the target quantum logic gate operation is described in three stages: the first measurement and readout stage, the quantum logic gate operation stage, and the second measurement and readout stage. In practical applications, the quantum computing measurement and control system can be implemented according to the above... Figure 9 The process shown is executed. Figure 9 for Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram illustrating the execution process of quantum logic gate operations.

[0174] exist Figure 9In the process shown, the quantum computing control system takes time t0 as time zero. At time t1, the quantum computing control system can trigger the operating point frequency readout operation of the target qubit, that is, send the second readout signal to the target qubit through the magnetic flux modulation line. At time t2, the quantum computing control system can transmit the third readout signal through the readout signal line to trigger the first readout operation, and read the information on the readout signal line at time t3 to obtain the first readout result. At time t4, the operating point frequency readout operation is completed. If the transmission of the second readout signal is stopped, the quantum computing control system can send the zero bias signal to the magnetic flux modulation line. At time t5, the first readout operation is completed. If the transmission of the third readout signal is stopped, the zero bias operation is completed. If the transmission of the zero bias signal is stopped, the quantum computing control system can transmit the control signal to be transmitted for the Z-gate operation through the magnetic flux modulation line, and transmit the drive signal to be transmitted for the X-gate operation through the pulse modulation line at time t7. At time t8, the transmission of the control signal to be transmitted is completed. At this time, the quantum computing measurement and control system can transmit a zero-bias signal matching the delay 8 to the target qubit via the flux modulation line. At time t9, the transmission of the drive signal to be transmitted is completed. At time t10, the transmission of the zero-bias signal is completed, and the first readout signal mentioned above is transmitted to the target qubit via the flux modulation line. At time t11, the quantum computing measurement and control system can transmit the fourth readout signal mentioned above via the readout signal line, and at time t12, the signal on the readout signal line is read and measured. At time t13, the quantum computing measurement and control system can complete the transmission of the first readout signal. At time t14, the quantum computing measurement and control system can complete the transmission of the fourth readout signal and obtain the second readout result.

[0175] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum state readout method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system. For example... Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application. The quantum computing measurement and control system includes the following modules.

[0176] The acquisition module 1001 is used to acquire the quantum measurement and control information required for the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process.

[0177] The first reading module 1002 is used to trigger the first reading operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment through the reading signal line after a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, to obtain the first reading result;

[0178] Trigger module 1003 is used to trigger the target qubit to perform target quantum logic gate operation through bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters;

[0179] The second reading module 1004 is used to trigger a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation by reading the signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, so as to obtain the second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation;

[0180] The determination module 1005 is used to determine the second reading result as the target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation when the first reading result is the target quantum state.

[0181] Optionally, the bit signal line mentioned above may include a pulse modulation line and a magnetic flux modulation line corresponding to the target quantum bit, and the second waveform parameters include a third waveform parameter corresponding to the pulse modulation line and a fourth waveform parameter corresponding to the magnetic flux modulation line.

[0182] The aforementioned trigger module 1003 may include:

[0183] The first generation submodule is used to generate the drive signal to be transmitted on the pulse modulation line according to the third waveform parameters.

[0184] The second generation submodule is used to generate the control signal to be transmitted on the magnetic flux modulation line according to the fourth waveform parameters.

[0185] The transmission submodule is used to transmit the driving signal and the control signal to be transmitted to the target qubit through the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, so that the target qubit can perform the target quantum logic gate operation based on the driving signal and the control signal.

[0186] Optionally, the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information may also include a third delay between the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, which is determined based on the signal transmission delay between the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line.

[0187] Specifically, the aforementioned transmission submodule can be used to transmit the driving signal and the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit via the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, based on the third delay.

[0188] Optionally, the quantum measurement and control information may also include the fifth waveform parameters and the first execution duration corresponding to the zero bias operation on the flux modulation line;

[0189] The aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system may also include:

[0190] The first transmission module is used to transmit a zero-bias signal matching the first execution duration to the target quantum bit via a magnetic flux modulation line according to the fifth waveform parameters before triggering the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation via a bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters.

[0191] Optionally, the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system may further include:

[0192] The calculation module is used to calculate the compensation delay corresponding to the second read operation before obtaining the second read result by triggering the second read operation of the quantum state of the target quantum bit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation through the read signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay. The sum of the first execution time, the second execution time and the compensation delay is an integer multiple of the least common multiple.

[0193] The aforementioned second reading module 1004 can be specifically used to trigger a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation by means of a reading signal line based on the first waveform parameters, the second delay and the compensation delay, so as to obtain the second reading result.

[0194] Optionally, the aforementioned quantum measurement and control information may also include the second execution duration of the target quantum logic gate operation and the sixth waveform parameter corresponding to the operating point frequency reading operation on the magnetic flux modulation line;

[0195] The aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system may also include:

[0196] The second transmission module is used to transmit the drive signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, respectively. After the second execution time of sending the control signal to be transmitted, it transmits the first read signal to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameter.

[0197] Optionally, the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system may further include:

[0198] The third transmission module is used to transmit a second read signal to the target quantum bit through a magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameters before triggering the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters; wherein, the trigger time of the second read signal is the same as the trigger time of the first read operation, and the execution duration corresponding to the second read signal is the same as the execution duration of the first read operation.

[0199] Optionally, the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system may further include:

[0200] The fourth transmission module is used to transmit a zero-bias signal matching the compensation delay to the target quantum bit via the magnetic flux modulation line according to the fifth waveform parameter before transmitting the first read signal to the target quantum bit via the magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameter if the compensation delay is non-zero.

[0201] Optionally, the first reading module 1002 described above can be used to transmit a third reading signal matching the first waveform parameters through the reading signal line after a first delay at the current time, and to collect and measure the signal on the reading signal line after a second delay at the current time to obtain the first reading result corresponding to the first reading operation.

[0202] The aforementioned second reading module 1004 can be used to transmit a fourth reading signal that matches the first waveform parameters through the reading signal line, and after a second delay at the current moment, to collect and measure the signal on the reading signal line to obtain the second reading result corresponding to the second reading operation.

[0203] The quantum computing measurement and control system provided in this application can, after obtaining the quantum measurement and control information required for the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation, perform a prediction process based on the information carried in the quantum measurement and control information. That is, after a first delay at the current time, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a first reading operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain a first reading result. Based on the second waveform parameters, the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the bit signal line. Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, a second reading operation is triggered by the reading signal line to obtain a second reading result. Thus, when the first reading result is the target quantum state, the target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation determined by the second reading result is obtained.

[0204] Compared to related technologies, in the first read operation, the read trigger delay is the first delay, and the signal acquisition delay is the second delay; in the second read operation, the read trigger delay is the target time interval, and the signal acquisition delay is the second delay. Since the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, both the first and second read operations in the prediction process can satisfy the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period. This overcomes the problem of inconsistency between the read trigger delay and the signal sampling delay, effectively improving the fidelity of quantum state readout in the prediction process.

[0205] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum state readout method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, such as... Figure 11 As shown, it includes a processor 1101, a communication interface 1102, a memory 1103, and a communication bus 1104. The processor 1101, communication interface 1102, and memory 1103 communicate with each other via the communication bus 1104.

[0206] Memory 1103 is used to store computer programs;

[0207] The processor 1101, when executing the program stored in the memory 1103, implements any of the quantum state readout method steps described above.

[0208] The communication bus mentioned in the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not indicate that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0209] The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned quantum computing measurement and control system and other devices.

[0210] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0211] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0212] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum state reading method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above quantum state reading methods.

[0213] Based on the same inventive concept, and according to the quantum state reading method provided in the above embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute any of the quantum state reading methods in the above embodiments.

[0214] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk (SSD)).

[0215] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0216] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, embodiments such as quantum measurement and control systems, computer-readable storage media, and computer program products are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0217] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A quantum state readout method, characterized in that, The method, applied to quantum computing measurement and control systems, includes: The quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation is obtained. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process. After a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment is triggered through the read signal line to obtain the first read result; Based on the second waveform parameters, the target quantum bit is triggered to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line; Based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, the second read operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the read signal line to obtain the second read result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay, and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second read operation and the completion time of the first read operation; When the first read result is the target quantum state, the second read result is determined as the target read result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bit signal line includes a pulse modulation line and a magnetic flux modulation line corresponding to the target quantum bit, and the second waveform parameter includes a third waveform parameter corresponding to the pulse modulation line and a fourth waveform parameter corresponding to the magnetic flux modulation line; The step of triggering the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters includes: Based on the third waveform parameters, a drive signal to be transmitted on the pulse modulation line is generated; Based on the fourth waveform parameters, a control signal to be transmitted on the magnetic flux modulation line is generated; The drive signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted are transmitted to the target qubit through the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, respectively, so that the target qubit executes the target quantum logic gate operation based on the drive signal and the control signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quantum measurement and control information also includes a third delay between the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, which is determined based on the signal transmission delay between the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line. The step of transmitting the drive signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line respectively includes: Based on the third delay, the driving signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted are transmitted to the target quantum bit through the pulse modulation line and the magnetic flux modulation line, respectively.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quantum measurement and control information also includes the fifth waveform parameter and the first execution duration corresponding to the zero bias operation on the magnetic flux modulation line; Before triggering the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters, the method further includes: According to the fifth waveform parameters, a zero-bias signal matching the first execution duration is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Before triggering a second readout operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation via the readout signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, and obtaining the second readout result, the method further includes: Based on the first execution duration and the second execution duration of the target quantum logic gate operation, the compensation delay corresponding to the second read operation is calculated, wherein the sum of the first execution duration, the second execution duration, and the compensation delay is an integer multiple of the least common multiple; The step of triggering a second readout operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation through the readout signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, and obtaining the second readout result, includes: Based on the first waveform parameters, the second delay, and the compensation delay, the second read operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation is triggered by the read signal line, and the second read result is obtained.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quantum measurement and control information also includes the second execution duration of the target quantum logic gate operation, and the sixth waveform parameter corresponding to the operating point frequency reading operation on the magnetic flux modulation line; After transmitting the drive signal to be transmitted and the control signal to be transmitted to the target quantum bit through the pulse modulation line and the flux modulation line respectively, the method further includes: After a second execution duration of sending the control signal to be transmitted, a first read signal is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameter.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before triggering the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters, the method further includes: According to the sixth waveform parameters, a second read signal is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line; wherein the trigger time of the second read signal is the same as the trigger time of the first read operation, and the execution duration corresponding to the second read signal is the same as the execution duration of the first read operation.

8. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, If the compensation delay is non-zero, then before transmitting the first readout signal to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line according to the sixth waveform parameter, the method further includes: According to the fifth waveform parameters, a zero-bias signal matching the compensation delay is transmitted to the target quantum bit through the magnetic flux modulation line.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of triggering a first read operation for the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay after a first delay at the current moment, and obtaining a first read result, includes: After a first delay at the current moment, a third read signal matching the first waveform parameters is transmitted through the read signal line, and after a second delay at the current moment, the signal on the read signal line is acquired and measured to obtain the first read result corresponding to the first read operation. The step of triggering a second readout operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation through the readout signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, and obtaining the second readout result, includes: A fourth read signal matching the first waveform parameters is transmitted through the read signal line, and after a second delay at the current time, the signal on the read signal line is acquired and measured to obtain the second read result corresponding to the second read operation.

10. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, The quantum computing measurement and control system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the quantum measurement and control information required for the target qubit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation. The quantum measurement and control information includes the first waveform parameters, the first delay and the second delay corresponding to the read signal line, and the second waveform parameters corresponding to the bit signal line. The first delay is used to indicate the trigger delay corresponding to the first read operation, and the second delay is used to indicate the acquisition waiting delay of the quantum state read process. The first reading module is used to trigger a first reading operation on the quantum state of the target qubit at the current moment through the reading signal line after a first delay at the current moment, based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, to obtain a first reading result; The triggering module is used to trigger the target quantum bit to perform the target quantum logic gate operation through the bit signal line based on the second waveform parameters; The second reading module is used to trigger a second reading operation of the quantum state of the target qubit after completing the target quantum logic gate operation through the reading signal line based on the first waveform parameters and the second delay, so as to obtain a second reading result; wherein, the first delay, the second delay and the target time interval are all integer multiples of the least common multiple between the digital-to-analog conversion sampling period and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling period, and the target time interval is the time difference between the trigger time of the second reading operation and the completion time of the first reading operation; The determining module is used to determine the second reading result as the target reading result corresponding to the target quantum logic gate operation when the first reading result is the target quantum state.

11. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-9.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-9.

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