Fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen supply reaction system and a control method thereof, and the system comprises a control and management system for global regulation and control, a hydrogen oil supply or oil storage collection system, a high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, a starting power supply and intelligent cooling and heat circulation system, and a gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system. And an intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank. The control and management system is internally provided with a dynamic hydrogen supply adjusting method based on model predictive control MPC, and the method comprises the steps that multi-dimensional sensing data are collected in real time, a hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen output dynamic prediction model is built, hydrogen supply demand fluctuation is pre-judged in advance based on the rolling optimization principle, the power of a heating module, the valve opening degree and the pump body rotating speed are dynamically adjusted, and the dynamic hydrogen supply adjusting effect is achieved. Hydrogen supply is matched with the power requirement of the fuel cell, and energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply are avoided. And the running stability and economical efficiency of the heavy truck are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen supply equipment for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, and more specifically, relates to a hydrogen supply reaction system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, has become an important direction for the green transformation of the transportation industry in the field of heavy-duty trucks. Fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, with their advantages such as zero emissions and stable power performance, are experiencing continuous market demand growth. However, the current hydrogen supply methods for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks still face many practical problems that urgently need to be solved, which seriously restricts the large-scale development of the industry.

[0003] Current fuel cell heavy-duty trucks generally use a hydrogen supply mode that stores hydrogen in high-pressure cylinders, typically located at the front of the truck and filled with high-pressure hydrogen. This excessively high storage pressure poses significant safety hazards during transportation, refueling, and use. The flammable and explosive nature of hydrogen increases the risk of leaks, explosions, and other accidents, seriously threatening the safety of drivers, passengers, and road transport. Furthermore, fuel cells have specific requirements for hydrogen input pressure, meaning that the hydrogen in the high-pressure cylinders cannot be completely released and utilized. A large amount of hydrogen remains due to insufficient pressure, resulting in a serious waste of hydrogen energy resources and significantly reducing hydrogen energy utilization efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, hydrogen itself has a low energy density. Limited by the storage capacity of high-pressure cylinders, the driving range of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks is insufficient to meet the needs of long-distance transportation. Frequent hydrogen refueling not only affects transportation efficiency but also, due to the insufficient number of hydrogen refueling stations, further reduces the practicality of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. Traditional hydrogen supply methods lack effective energy recovery mechanisms, resulting in the direct loss of waste heat generated during operation, which not only wastes energy but also increases the system's operating energy consumption. These problems not only affect the promotion and application of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks but also hinder the large-scale deployment of hydrogen energy in the transportation sector. Therefore, developing a safe, reliable, energy-efficient, and long-range hydrogen supply solution is of significant practical importance for promoting the development of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck industry and facilitating the efficient use of hydrogen energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve the problems of poor safety of hydrogen storage in high-pressure gas cylinders of existing fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, low hydrogen utilization rate, short driving range and energy waste. By using hydrogen oil as an energy source, combined with an integrated system structure and precise control methods, it achieves a safe and efficient supply of hydrogen, improves the operational stability and economy of heavy-duty trucks, and promotes the large-scale application of hydrogen energy in the field of heavy-duty trucks.

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, as a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a hydrogen supply reaction system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, comprising:

[0007] Control and management systems for global regulation; hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection systems for hydrogen oil supply and reaction product recovery; high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction systems for hydrogen oil catalytic dehydrogenation and hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization; starting power supplies and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation systems for starting power supply, system cooling and waste heat recovery; gas or liquid pipelines and control valve systems for media transportation and precise control; and intelligent hydrogen oil storage tanks for closed-loop management of hydrogen oil storage, supply and product recovery.

[0008] The control and management system incorporates a dynamic hydrogen supply regulation method based on model predictive control (MPC). This method collects multi-dimensional sensor data in real time, constructs a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen fuel consumption and hydrogen production, and predicts fluctuations in hydrogen supply demand in advance based on the rolling optimization principle. It then dynamically adjusts the power of the heating module, valve opening, and pump speed to match the hydrogen supply with the power demand of the fuel cell, thus avoiding energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply.

[0009] Furthermore, the control and management system integrates a control chip and control software, and is equipped with a control module and a visual operation interface for global command control of each component system of the hydrogen supply reaction system, including heating regulation, cooling and heat circulation regulation, pipeline and control valve switching control, and pressure and flow regulation.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system is connected to the main body of the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank and the hydrogen supply reaction system, including a medium transfer pump, a gas-liquid separation component and a filter component, for supplying hydrogen oil to the reaction system and separating and recovering the products after the hydrogen release reaction.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system is the core of hydrogen supply, including a pressure-bearing reaction vessel, a dehydrogenation catalytic component, a heating module, a sensing component, a gas-liquid separation and drying component, and a hydrogen buffer and regulation component. It is used to catalyze the hydrogen oil to undergo a hydrogen release reaction, and to separate, dry, and stabilize the generated hydrogen before outputting it to a fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0012] Furthermore, the starting power supply and intelligent cooling and heat circulation system includes a starting power supply component, a cooling module and a heat circulation recovery component. The starting power supply component is used to quickly start the heating module to achieve rapid hydrogen supply to the reaction system. The cooling module is used to quickly cool down the system when it overheats or shuts down. The heat circulation recovery component is used to collect the waste heat generated during the operation of the system and achieve secondary heating, while also taking into account the hot water supply inside the heavy truck.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system are integrated within the reaction system, including delivery pipelines, metering components, control valves, and sensing components, for the delivery, metering, and control of hydrogen oil and hydrogen gas between various systems.

[0014] Furthermore, the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank integrates hydrogen oil storage, supply, and post-reaction product recovery functions, and is equipped with sealing and isolation components and a heat collection module to achieve closed-loop management of hydrogen oil.

[0015] Furthermore, the construction process of the dynamic prediction model for hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen production is as follows:

[0016] The first step is to establish the basic correlation between the hydrogen production rate and the rate of change in the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction, and to construct a quantitative relationship by combining the inherent characteristics of the molar mass of hydrogen oil and hydrogen, which directly reflects the stoichiometric nature of the hydrogen oil dehydrogenation reaction.

[0017] The second step is to determine the total mass of hydrogen oil by integrating the density and volume of hydrogen oil in the reaction zone, introduce the catalytic efficiency function determined by the reaction temperature and pressure, obtain the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the effective reaction, and obtain its rate of change by differentiating with respect to time, so as to realize the dynamic quantification of the changes in matter during the reaction process.

[0018] The third step is to construct a supply-demand matching function based on the energy balance relationship between power demand and hydrogen oil consumption, and to incorporate it into the calculation of the rate of change of hydrogen oil mass participating in the reaction, so as to ensure the dynamic matching between hydrogen oil consumption and power demand.

[0019] The fourth step integrates the relationships and constraints of the first three steps to form a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption and hydrogen production, establishes a quantitative correlation between the two, and directly serves the dynamic regulation of the hydrogen supply system.

[0020] Furthermore, the process of dynamically adjusting the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed is as follows:

[0021] Using the rolling optimization cycle Δt as the time unit, the hydrogen supply deviation function ΔQ(t) = Q is first defined. H,target (t)-Q H,pred (t), where Q H,target (t) represents the target hydrogen supply rate corresponding to the fuel cell power demand at time t, calculated by the control and management system based on the real-time operating signal of the power unit, and directly reflects the power demand of the heavy truck; Q H,pred (t) is the predicted hydrogen production rate output by the dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen production at time t, which represents the potential hydrogen supply capacity under the current operating conditions.

[0022] Construct a multi-constraint optimization objective function:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, P heatθ(t) represents the heating module power at time t, which is associated with the catalytic reaction rate of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system. Its change directly affects the intensity of the hydrogen-oil dehydrogenation reaction; θ(t) represents the valve opening of the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system at time t, which determines the flow cross-section of the hydrogen transmission channel, and thus affects the hydrogen delivery rate; N pump (t) represents the pump speed of the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system at time t, which is associated with the rate of hydrogen oil supply to the reaction zone.

[0025] Meanwhile, the optimization process needs to meet multiple system constraints, including the operating limit constraints of hydrogen supply-related actuators and the safety operating condition constraints of the reaction system.

[0026] By solving the above multi-constraint optimization objective function, P in each rolling optimization cycle is obtained. heat (t), θ(t), N pump The optimal value of (t) is determined by the control and management system, which converts it into an execution command and sends it to the corresponding system to achieve dynamic adjustment of the heating module power, valve opening and pump speed.

[0027] In the next rolling optimization cycle, Q will be updated based on the latest acquired multi-dimensional sensor data. H,pred The optimization function is iteratively solved using ΔQ(t) and ΔQ(t) to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the hydrogen supply rate tracks Q in real time. H,target The change in (t) can prevent energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen.

[0028] As a second aspect of the present invention, a control method for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system is also provided, applicable to the implementation of any of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction systems described in the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional operating parameters through sensing and metering components configured in the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system, high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, starting power supply and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system;

[0030] S2. Based on the collected multi-dimensional operating parameters, a dynamic correlation prediction model between hydrogen oil consumption rate and hydrogen production is constructed. The parameters in the model are optimized through data fitting methods to improve the model's adaptability to actual operating scenarios.

[0031] S3. Adopting the rolling optimization principle, with a preset time window as the iteration cycle, the dynamic prediction model is used to predict the fluctuation trend of hydrogen supply demand in advance. With "maximizing hydrogen supply accuracy and minimizing energy loss" as the objective function, a coordinated control scheme is generated for the heating module power adjustment range, gas-liquid valve opening threshold and pump speed control parameters.

[0032] S4. The control and management system converts the generated control scheme into execution instructions, which are then sent to the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system, and the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system. The system dynamically adjusts the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed to match the hydrogen supply with the power demand of the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, thus avoiding energy waste caused by excessive hydrogen supply or power interruption caused by insufficient hydrogen supply.

[0033] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system of the present invention, by using hydrogen oil as an energy source and integrating it with an integrated structure consisting of six major systems, including a control and management system, a hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system, and a high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, fundamentally solves the technical pain points of traditional high-pressure gas cylinder hydrogen storage. Hydrogen oil, as an energy carrier, has an energy density far exceeding that of gaseous hydrogen. Combined with the closed-loop management design of the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank, it can achieve both rapid hydrogen oil supply and efficient recovery of reaction products, significantly improving the driving range of heavy-duty trucks. Simultaneously, the non-flammable and non-explosive properties of hydrogen oil, combined with the precise delivery control of gas or liquid pipelines and control valve systems, completely avoid the safety risks associated with high-pressure hydrogen storage. Furthermore, the refueling method is similar to that of gasoline, making operation convenient and greatly improving the safety and practicality of hydrogen energy in heavy-duty truck applications.

[0035] 2. The hydrogen supply reaction system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks of the present invention achieves precise matching between hydrogen supply and fuel cell power demand by incorporating a dynamic hydrogen supply adjustment method based on model predictive control (MPC) into the control and management system. This method relies on multi-dimensional sensor data acquisition to construct a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen fuel consumption and hydrogen production. Based on the principle of rolling optimization, it anticipates fluctuations in hydrogen supply demand in advance, and then dynamically adjusts the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed. This closed-loop control logic requires no additional adjustment coefficients and relies entirely on reaction kinetics and actual operating conditions, effectively avoiding energy waste caused by excessive hydrogen supply while preventing power interruptions due to insufficient hydrogen supply. This ensures the fuel cell is always in a highly efficient and stable operating state, improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0036] 3. The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system of the present invention achieves efficient recovery and rational utilization of system energy through the coordinated operation of the starting power supply and the intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system. The starting power supply can quickly start the heating module, ensuring that the reaction system quickly enters the hydrogen supply state and meets the immediate power needs of the heavy-duty truck; the intelligent cooling system automatically starts when the system overheats or shuts down, providing hot water for the vehicle interior while rapidly cooling down, balancing practicality and safety. The thermal circulation system accurately collects the waste heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen supply reaction system and the fuel cell, and supplies it back to the reaction system, maximizing the efficiency of thermal energy utilization. This energy circulation design and the coordinated cooperation of various systems not only reduce the system's operating energy consumption, but also enhance the adaptability of the reaction system under different operating conditions, ensuring the long-term stability and economy of the heavy-duty truck. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen supply reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment 1 provides a hydrogen supply reaction system for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck, comprising:

[0045] Control and management systems for global regulation; hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection systems for hydrogen oil supply and reaction product recovery; high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction systems for hydrogen oil catalytic dehydrogenation and hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization; starting power supplies and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation systems for starting power supply, system cooling and waste heat recovery; gas or liquid pipelines and control valve systems for media transportation and precise control; and intelligent hydrogen oil storage tanks for closed-loop management of hydrogen oil storage, supply and product recovery.

[0046] The control and management system incorporates a dynamic hydrogen supply regulation method based on model predictive control (MPC). This method collects multi-dimensional sensor data in real time, constructs a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen fuel consumption and hydrogen production, and predicts fluctuations in hydrogen supply demand in advance based on the rolling optimization principle. It then dynamically adjusts the power of the heating module, valve opening, and pump speed to match the hydrogen supply with the power demand of the fuel cell, thus avoiding energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 This embodiment 1 further elaborates on the above sub-modules or subsystems.

[0048] (1) Control and Management System

[0049] In current fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply systems, the mismatch between hydrogen supply rate and power demand can easily lead to energy waste or power interruption. As the core control unit of the entire hydrogen supply reaction system, the control and management system integrates control chips and control software to achieve global control of each component system through a visual operation interface. The built-in dynamic hydrogen supply adjustment method based on model predictive control is the key to solving this core problem. The complete implementation process of this method is as follows.

[0050] First, after the system starts up, the control and management system will simultaneously collect multi-dimensional sensor data in real time. This data comes from various key parts of the hydrogen supply reaction system, including hydrogen-oil related data collected by metering components of the hydrogen-oil supply or storage and collection system, reaction environment data collected by temperature and pressure sensors of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, and power demand data converted from power unit operating signals. This data provides a comprehensive and accurate basis for subsequent model building and control decisions, ensuring that the entire adjustment process can closely match the actual operating state of the system.

[0051] Next, we proceed to the stage of constructing a dynamic prediction model for hydrogen oil consumption and hydrogen production. This process focuses on the stoichiometric nature of the hydrogen oil catalytic dehydrogenation reaction, and specifically consists of the following four steps:

[0052] The first step is to establish the basic correlation between the hydrogen production rate and the rate of change in the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction, and to construct a quantitative relationship by combining the inherent characteristics of the molar mass of hydrogen oil and hydrogen, which directly reflects the stoichiometric nature of the hydrogen oil dehydrogenation reaction.

[0053] The second step is to determine the total mass of hydrogen oil by integrating the density and volume of hydrogen oil in the reaction zone, introduce the catalytic efficiency function determined by the reaction temperature and pressure, obtain the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the effective reaction, and obtain its rate of change by differentiating with respect to time, so as to realize the dynamic quantification of the changes in matter during the reaction process.

[0054] The third step is to construct a supply-demand matching function based on the energy balance relationship between power demand and hydrogen oil consumption, and to incorporate it into the calculation of the rate of change of hydrogen oil mass participating in the reaction, so as to ensure the dynamic matching between hydrogen oil consumption and power demand.

[0055] The fourth step integrates the relationships and constraints of the first three steps to form a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption and hydrogen production, establishes a quantitative correlation between the two, and directly serves the dynamic regulation of the hydrogen supply system.

[0056] Meanwhile, in a preferred embodiment, a specific quantization process is proposed as follows:

[0057] The first step is to establish the core logical correlation of the model: Hydrogen oil undergoes catalytic dehydrogenation within the reaction zone of the high-temperature, high-pressure vessel catalytic reaction system. The hydrogen production rate is directly related to the total amount of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction and is influenced by reaction efficiency and supply-demand matching. Therefore, we first establish a basic correlation between the hydrogen production rate and the total amount of hydrogen oil reacting—the hydrogen production rate equals the rate of change of the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the effective reaction within the reaction zone over time. Combining this with molar mass conversion relationships, we initially obtain... Where m H,gen (t) represents the mass of hydrogen gas produced at time t; and the mass of hydrogen gas produced is m. H,gen (t) and the mass m of the hydrogen oil involved in the reaction O,reac (t) satisfies the stoichiometric relationship, that is M H M is the molar mass of hydrogen (a fixed physical constant). O The average molar mass of the hydrogenated oil (a fixed characteristic parameter determined by the chemical composition of the hydrogenated oil) is from which the following is derived.

[0058] The second step is to quantify the change in the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction over time: the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction, m. O,reac (t) depends on the density distribution of hydrogen oil in the reaction zone and the effective reaction ratio; the total mass of hydrogen oil in the reaction zone is... (V is the effective volume of the catalytic reaction region, determined by the structural design parameters of the reaction system; ρ) O(t) represents the real-time density of hydrogen oil in the reaction zone at time t, calculated by combining flow rate data collected from the metering components of the hydrogen oil supply or storage collection system with the volume of the reaction zone; while the effective reaction ratio is determined by the catalytic reaction efficiency, which is affected by the reaction temperature and pressure. Based on the Arrhenius equation for the dehydrogenation reaction, the catalytic reaction efficiency function η(T(t), P(t)) is derived, where T(t) is the real-time temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber at time t, collected from the temperature sensing components of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, directly affecting the thermodynamic process of the dehydrogenation reaction; P(t) is the real-time pressure inside the reaction vessel at time t, collected from the pressure sensing components of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, affecting the phase equilibrium and mass transfer efficiency of the reaction system, thus affecting the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction. Taking the derivative with respect to time yields

[0059] The third step is to introduce a supply-demand matching constraint: the reaction consumption of hydrogen oil needs to be dynamically matched with the power demand of the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine to avoid excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply. Therefore, based on the energy balance relationship between power demand and hydrogen oil consumption under heavy-duty truck driving conditions, a supply-demand matching function ξ(Q) is derived and constructed. O (t),W(t)), where Q is (t),W(t)), O (t) represents the real-time hydrogen oil supply flow rate at time t, collected by the hydrogen oil metering pump of the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system; W(t) represents the real-time power demand of the fuel cell or chlorinated internal combustion engine at time t, obtained by collecting the operating signal of the power unit through the control and management system. This function is used to characterize the degree of matching between the hydrogen oil supply rate and the power demand, ensuring that the total amount of hydrogen oil consumed in the reaction matches the power demand. Therefore, it is incorporated into the calculation of the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction, resulting in:

[0060]

[0061] The fourth step is to integrate and obtain the final model: Substituting the above derivation results into the basic correlation equation from the first step, we finally obtain the mathematical expression for the dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen production:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, Q H (t) represents the real-time hydrogen production rate at time t, which serves as the core hydrogen supply parameter in the model output and is directly related to the power demand matching effect of fuel cells or hydrogen internal combustion engines; t is a time variable, reflecting the time-varying characteristics of the model and keeping it synchronized with the data acquisition cycle and the system control response cycle.

[0064] After the model is built, the dynamic adjustment phase begins with adjusting the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed. The entire adjustment process uses a rolling optimization cycle as the time unit. First, the core indicator of hydrogen supply deviation is defined. This indicator is determined by the difference between the target hydrogen supply rate corresponding to the current power demand and the predicted hydrogen production rate output by the dynamic prediction model, directly reflecting the degree of matching between the current hydrogen supply status and demand. To achieve precise and stable control, a multi-constraint optimization objective needs to be constructed. This objective not only focuses on minimizing the hydrogen supply deviation but also considers the stability of changes in heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed, avoiding the impact of sudden changes in component parameters on system operational stability.

[0065] Specifically, this process is implemented based on the following methods:

[0066] Using the rolling optimization cycle Δt as the time unit, the hydrogen supply deviation function ΔQ(t) = Q is first defined. H,target (t)-Q H,pred (t), where Q H,target (t) represents the target hydrogen supply rate corresponding to the fuel cell power demand at time t, calculated by the control and management system based on the real-time operating signal of the power unit, and directly reflects the power demand of the heavy truck; Q H,pred (t) is the predicted hydrogen production rate output by the dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen production at time t, which represents the potential hydrogen supply capacity under the current operating conditions.

[0067] Construct a multi-constraint optimization objective function:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, P heat θ(t) represents the heating module power at time t, which is associated with the catalytic reaction rate of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system. Its change directly affects the intensity of the hydrogen-oil dehydrogenation reaction; θ(t) represents the valve opening of the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system at time t, which determines the flow cross-section of the hydrogen transmission channel, and thus affects the hydrogen delivery rate; N pump (t) represents the pump speed of the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system at time t, which is associated with the rate of hydrogen oil supply to the reaction zone.

[0070] Meanwhile, the optimization process needs to meet multiple system constraints, including the operating limit constraints of hydrogen supply-related actuators and the safety operating condition constraints of the reaction system.

[0071] The operating limits of the actuators cover the power operating range of the heating module, the valve opening adjustment range, and the pump speed operating range. Each range is determined by the structural design, component performance, and operating characteristics of the corresponding system. The safety operating conditions of the reaction system cover the temperature safety threshold of the catalytic reaction chamber and the pressure safety threshold within the reaction vessel. Each threshold is determined by the operational safety requirements of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, specifically as follows:

[0072] P heat,min ≤P heat (t)≤P heat,max , where P heat,min P heat,max These are the minimum and maximum allowable power of the heating module, respectively, determined by the structural design and safety standards of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system.

[0073] θ min ≤θ(t)≤θ max , where θ min θ max These are the minimum and maximum opening limits of the valve, determined by the performance parameters of the components of the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system.

[0074] N pump,min ≤N pump (t)≤N pump,max , where N pump,min N pump,max These are the minimum and maximum permissible speeds of the pump body, respectively, which are limited by the pump body operating characteristics of the hydrogen oil supply or oil storage and collection system.

[0075] Simultaneously satisfying T min ≤T(t)≤T max P min ≤P(t)≤P max Where T(t) and P(t) are the real-time temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber and the real-time pressure inside the reaction vessel, respectively. min T max and P min P max The corresponding safety threshold is determined by the operational safety requirements of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system;

[0076] By solving the above multi-constraint optimization objective function, P in each rolling optimization cycle is obtained. heat (t), θ(t), N pump The optimal value of (t) is determined by the control and management system, which converts it into an execution command and sends it to the corresponding system to achieve dynamic adjustment of the heating module power, valve opening and pump speed.

[0077] In the next rolling optimization cycle, Q will be updated based on the latest acquired multi-dimensional sensor data.H,pred The optimization function is iteratively solved using ΔQ(t) and ΔQ(t) to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the hydrogen supply rate tracks Q in real time. H,target The change in (t) can prevent energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen.

[0078] This iterative control method allows for real-time tracking of changes in power demand to adjust the hydrogen supply status, effectively avoiding energy waste caused by excessive hydrogen supply or power interruption caused by insufficient hydrogen supply. It ensures that the fuel cell is always in a highly efficient and stable operating state, improving the reliability and economy of the entire hydrogen supply reaction system.

[0079] (2) Hydrogen oil supply or oil storage and collection system

[0080] During the operation of the hydrogen supply system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, the stable supply of hydrogen oil and the efficient recovery of reaction products are key links to ensure the continuous operation of the system and reduce energy consumption. As an important component undertaking this core function, the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system is connected to the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank at one end and to the main body of the hydrogen supply reaction system at the other end. Through the coordinated operation of various components, the integrated process of hydrogen oil transportation and product recovery is realized.

[0081] This system integrates core components such as a media delivery pump, a gas-liquid separation unit, and a filtration unit. During the hydrogen-oil supply phase, the media delivery pump draws hydrogen-oil from the intelligent hydrogen-oil storage tank according to instructions from the control and management system. Simultaneously, the filtration unit pre-treats the hydrogen-oil, removing any impurities that may be present. This prevents impurities from entering the high-temperature, high-pressure catalytic reaction system and causing wear or blockage to the catalytic components, thus affecting the efficiency and stability of the dehydrogenation reaction. The filtered hydrogen-oil, driven by the media delivery pump, is precisely delivered to the catalytic reaction area of ​​the hydrogen supply system, providing a stable feedstock supply for the dehydrogenation reaction. The delivery rate can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time needs of the reaction system, ensuring that the hydrogen-oil supply matches the reaction consumption.

[0082] After the dehydrogenation reaction is complete, the reaction products are discharged from the catalytic reaction area and enter the gas-liquid separation stage of the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system. Since the reaction products contain both generated hydrogen and unreacted hydrogen oil, as well as other liquid byproducts, the gas-liquid separation component can efficiently separate the products based on the density difference between the gas and liquid phases. The separated hydrogen is transported to fuel cells or hydrogen internal combustion engines as a power source for heavy-duty trucks; while the separated unreacted hydrogen oil is recycled to a smart hydrogen oil storage tank for reuse, effectively improving the utilization rate of hydrogen oil and reducing fuel consumption costs. Throughout the process, the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system achieves precise control of the supply and recovery process through real-time communication with the control and management system, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the hydrogen supply reaction system.

[0083] (3) High-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system

[0084] In the hydrogen supply reaction system of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, the efficient production and stable output of hydrogen are the core links to ensure the continuous operation of the power system. The high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, as the core unit to achieve this function, undertakes the key tasks of hydrogen oil catalytic dehydrogenation and hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization. The system integrates a pressure-bearing reaction vessel, dehydrogenation catalytic components, heating modules, sensing components, gas-liquid separation and drying components, and hydrogen buffer and regulation components. All components work together to complete the conversion and processing process from hydrogen oil to qualified hydrogen.

[0085] Filtered hydrogen oil from the hydrogen oil supply or storage system is transported to a pressurized reaction vessel capable of withstanding the high temperature and pressure environment required for the dehydrogenation reaction, providing a safe and stable space for the reaction. The dehydrogenation catalyst, located in the reaction zone within the vessel, is the core component promoting the dehydrogenation reaction of the hydrogen oil. It significantly reduces the activation energy of the reaction and accelerates the rate at which hydrogen oil decomposes into hydrogen gas. The heating module, according to instructions from the control and management system, provides precise heat input to the reaction zone, maintaining the temperature within the suitable range for the dehydrogenation reaction, ensuring efficient and continuous operation.

[0086] Sensors distributed within the container collect real-time temperature and pressure data from the reaction zone and feed this data back to the control and management system. This provides a basis for the system to dynamically adjust the power of the heating module and the hydrogen-oil supply rate, ensuring that the reaction remains stable and controllable. Under the combined action of catalysis and heating, the hydrogen-oil undergoes a dehydrogenation reaction. The resulting mixed gas contains, in addition to hydrogen, unreacted hydrogen-oil vapor, liquid impurities, and moisture. This mixed gas first enters a gas-liquid separation and drying unit. This unit achieves gas-liquid separation through the density difference between the gas and liquid, while simultaneously removing moisture from the gas to prevent it from entering the subsequent power system and causing component corrosion or performance degradation.

[0087] The dried and purified hydrogen then enters a hydrogen buffer and regulation component. This component balances the hydrogen output pressure, preventing sudden rises and falls in hydrogen pressure caused by fluctuations in the reaction rate, and stabilizing the output hydrogen pressure within the range required by the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine. The qualified hydrogen, after undergoing the above series of processes, is finally delivered to the power system, providing a continuous and stable power source for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. The entire process relies on the close cooperation of all components to achieve integrated and efficient operation of hydrogen oil catalytic hydrogen release and hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization.

[0088] (4) Start-up power supply and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system

[0089] Throughout the entire operating cycle of a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply system, the rapid response during startup, temperature stability during operation, and efficient energy utilization directly impact the system's reliability and economy. The starting power supply and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system, as key supporting units ensuring these requirements, integrate starting power supply components, cooling modules, and thermal circulation recovery components. Through the coordinated operation of these components, a multi-functional integrated system is achieved, providing power for startup, system cooling, and waste heat recovery.

[0090] During system startup, the hydrogen supply reaction system needs to quickly reach the temperature conditions required for the hydrogen-oil dehydrogenation reaction in order to supply hydrogen to the power system in a timely manner and meet the power demand for immediate startup of heavy-duty trucks. At this time, the startup power supply component plays a key role. It can quickly output stable electrical energy to provide startup power to the heating module of the catalytic reaction system in the high-temperature pressure vessel, driving the heating module to heat up rapidly. This allows the temperature inside the pressure vessel to reach the suitable range for the dehydrogenation reaction in a short time, helping the reaction system to quickly enter a stable hydrogen supply state, effectively shortening the system startup time, and avoiding the impact of startup delays on the operating efficiency of heavy-duty trucks.

[0091] When the system enters a stable operating phase, the dehydrogenation reaction in the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system will continuously release heat. Simultaneously, the operation of various electrical components will also generate heat. If the accumulated heat causes the system temperature to exceed the safety threshold, it will affect component performance and even pose a safety hazard. At this time, the cooling module will automatically activate according to the instructions of the control and management system, precisely cooling the core components of the system through a preset cooling circuit to ensure that all components remain within the safe operating temperature range. When the system shuts down, the cooling module will also initiate a final cooling process to prevent high-temperature components from affecting surrounding components or the safety of operators due to slow natural cooling.

[0092] Throughout the system's operation, the heat recovery module simultaneously performs waste heat recovery. This module, through a heat exchanger, collects the waste heat released from the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, the heat recovered during the cooling module's operation, and redundant heat generated by other components. The recovered waste heat is then transported through the heat circulation loop to the parts of the system requiring heating, achieving secondary heating. For example, it supplements heat during the initial heating phase of the dehydrogenation reaction, reducing the energy consumption of the heating module. Simultaneously, some of the recovered waste heat can be converted into hot water for the vehicle interior through a heat exchanger, meeting the domestic hot water needs of the truck driver and passengers. Through the coordinated operation of power supply, intelligent cooling, and waste heat recovery, the entire system ensures the stable start-up and shutdown of the hydrogen supply reaction system while achieving cascaded energy utilization, significantly improving the system's energy efficiency and operational economy.

[0093] (5) Gas or liquid piping and control valve system

[0094] In the hydrogen supply reaction system of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, the precise delivery of hydrogen oil as a raw material and the efficient transfer of hydrogen generated from the reaction are fundamental prerequisites for ensuring the coordinated operation of various systems and the precise matching of hydrogen supply rate with power demand. Gas or liquid pipelines and control valve systems, acting as the "veins" connecting the core units, are integrated within the reaction system. Through the organic coordination of delivery pipelines, metering components, control valves, and sensing components, a media delivery and precise control network covering the entire system is constructed, comprehensively responsible for the delivery, metering, and regulation of hydrogen oil and hydrogen between various systems.

[0095] In the hydrogen-oil transportation process, one end of the system's pipeline connects to the medium delivery pump of the hydrogen-oil supply or storage collection system, while the other end extends into the pressure vessel of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, forming a dedicated hydrogen-oil transportation channel. This ensures that hydrogen-oil can be transported directionally and leak-free from the storage end to the reaction end. Integrated metering components on the pipeline collect hydrogen-oil flow rate data in real time and synchronously feed this data back to the control and management system. This provides data support for subsequent dynamic adjustment of pump speed and precise matching of reaction requirements. Simultaneously, the control valves on the pipeline can flexibly adjust their opening according to control commands, achieving precise control of the hydrogen-oil transportation rate and preventing fluctuations in reaction efficiency due to excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply.

[0096] In the hydrogen delivery process, the delivery pipeline receives qualified hydrogen from the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system and directs it to the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine. Branch pipelines can connect to hydrogen buffer and regulation components to form a stable hydrogen delivery loop. Metering components on the pipeline monitor hydrogen delivery flow and pressure data in real time, which, together with dynamic parameters collected by sensors, provide the control and management system with a basis for judging the hydrogen supply status. Control valves dynamically adjust the flow cross-section of the hydrogen delivery channel according to the real-time power demand of the power system, ensuring a precise match between the hydrogen output rate and power requirements. Furthermore, in the event of system shutdown or abnormal operating conditions, they can be quickly shut off to provide circuit protection and prevent hydrogen leakage that could cause safety hazards.

[0097] Furthermore, the system's pipeline layout and component selection are fully adapted to the internal spatial structure and operating environment of the reaction system. The precise data acquisition capabilities of the metering and sensing components, the rapid response characteristics of the control valves, and the closed-loop control logic of the control and management system form an integrated "transportation-monitoring-control" operation mode. This mode not only ensures the high efficiency and stability of the flow of hydrogen oil and hydrogen gas between various systems, but also provides core support for the efficient and safe operation of the entire hydrogen supply reaction system through precise metering and control.

[0098] (6) Intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank

[0099] In the closed-loop operation system of hydrogen supply reaction system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, the safe storage and stable supply of hydrogen oil, as well as the efficient recovery of reaction products, are key aspects to improve energy utilization and reduce operating costs. The intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank, as the core carrier undertaking the entire lifecycle management of hydrogen oil, integrates multiple functions such as hydrogen oil storage, supply, and recovery of reaction products. Through the coordinated operation of sealed isolation components and heat collection modules, it constructs a complete closed-loop management process for hydrogen oil, providing raw material security and energy cycle support for the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0100] During the hydrogen oil storage phase, the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank utilizes specialized sealing and isolation components to achieve airtight storage of the hydrogen oil. These components effectively prevent contact between the hydrogen oil and the external environment, avoiding energy waste and safety hazards caused by hydrogen oil evaporation and leakage. They also prevent external impurities and moisture from entering the storage tank and contaminating the hydrogen oil, ensuring that the hydrogen oil quality meets the requirements of the dehydrogenation reaction. Simultaneously, the tank's structural design is fully adaptable to the onboard installation space of heavy-duty trucks, balancing storage capacity with vehicle weight distribution to meet the hydrogen oil storage needs of long-distance heavy-duty truck transportation and reduce the impact of frequent refueling on transportation efficiency.

[0101] During the hydrogen supply phase, the intelligent hydrogen storage tank is linked with the medium transfer pump of the hydrogen supply or storage collection system. Based on the hydrogen supply demand commands issued by the control and management system, hydrogen is stably output to the medium transfer pump through a pre-set internal transfer channel. The liquid level sensor within the storage tank monitors the remaining hydrogen level in real time and feeds the data back to the control and management system and the visual operating interface in the heavy-duty truck cab, allowing operators to monitor the hydrogen reserve status in real time and arrange refueling operations promptly. The entire supply process relies on the precise connection between the storage tank and the transfer system to ensure that hydrogen is delivered stably and on demand to the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, providing a continuous feedstock supply for the dehydrogenation reaction.

[0102] In the post-reaction product recovery stage, unreacted hydrogen oil, after gas-liquid separation by the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system, flows back to the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank through a dedicated recovery pipeline, completing the recycling of hydrogen oil. This recovery process effectively reduces hydrogen oil waste, significantly improves the overall utilization rate of hydrogen oil, and lowers the operating costs of heavy-duty trucks. Simultaneously, the heat collection module equipped in the storage tank can collect redundant heat generated during the operation of surrounding systems, gently preheating the hydrogen oil in the tank to prevent decreased hydrogen oil fluidity at low temperatures from affecting supply efficiency, further improving the system's energy utilization efficiency. Through a closed-loop design encompassing storage, supply, and recovery, the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank achieves efficient hydrogen oil management, providing crucial assurance for the economy and stability of the hydrogen supply reaction system.

[0103] The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply system in this embodiment specifically addresses the core pain points of current hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks, such as poor safety of high-pressure hydrogen storage, short driving range, and low energy utilization. Its application prospects are broad, covering high-frequency application areas for heavy-duty trucks such as long-distance logistics, port trucks, and engineering construction. Against the backdrop of the green transformation of the transportation industry, this system uses hydrogen fuel cell as an energy carrier, combining the advantages of safe storage, convenient refueling, and long driving range. It is compatible with the upgrading and transformation of existing heavy-duty truck refueling infrastructure, which can quickly lower the barriers to the promotion of hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks, providing a feasible solution for the clean energy substitution of traditional fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks, and helping industries such as logistics and engineering construction achieve low-carbon transformation.

[0104] Meanwhile, through integrated design and intelligent closed-loop control, the system achieves efficient recycling of hydrogen fuel oil and tiered energy recovery, balancing operational stability and economy. It not only meets the high-intensity, long-cycle operation requirements of heavy-duty trucks but also promotes the large-scale application of hydrogen energy in the commercial vehicle sector. With the continuous development and technological iteration of the hydrogen energy industry, the system can be further adapted to fuel cell heavy-duty trucks of different power levels, expanding to niche scenarios such as cold chain logistics and mining transportation. Simultaneously, it provides impetus for the development of upstream and downstream industries such as hydrogen fuel oil production, storage, and transportation, helping to build a complete hydrogen-powered heavy-duty truck industry ecosystem, possessing significant economic value and social significance.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] Please refer to Figure 5 This embodiment 2 provides a control method for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system, applicable to the implementation of any of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction systems described in this embodiment, including the following steps:

[0107] S1. Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional operating parameters through sensing and metering components configured in the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system, high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, starting power supply and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system;

[0108] S2. Based on the collected multi-dimensional operating parameters, a dynamic correlation prediction model between hydrogen oil consumption rate and hydrogen production is constructed. The parameters in the model are optimized through data fitting methods to improve the model's adaptability to actual operating scenarios.

[0109] S3. Adopting the rolling optimization principle, with a preset time window as the iteration cycle, the dynamic prediction model is used to predict the fluctuation trend of hydrogen supply demand in advance. With "maximizing hydrogen supply accuracy and minimizing energy loss" as the objective function, a coordinated control scheme is generated for the heating module power adjustment range, gas-liquid valve opening threshold and pump speed control parameters.

[0110] S4. The control and management system converts the generated control scheme into execution instructions, which are then sent to the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system, and the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system. The system dynamically adjusts the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed to match the hydrogen supply with the power demand of the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, thus avoiding energy waste caused by excessive hydrogen supply or power interruption caused by insufficient hydrogen supply.

[0111] The operating parameters in S1 include at least the hydrogen oil delivery flow rate, the real-time temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber, the pressure inside the reaction vessel, the real-time power demand of the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, the amount of waste heat recovery, and the liquid level data of the hydrogen oil storage tank. The acquisition frequency is adapted to the system control response cycle to ensure the timeliness of the data.

[0112] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen supply reaction system for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck, characterized in that, include: Control and management systems for global regulation; hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection systems for hydrogen oil supply and reaction product recovery; high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction systems for hydrogen oil catalytic dehydrogenation and hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization; starting power supplies and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation systems for starting power supply, system cooling and waste heat recovery; gas or liquid pipelines and control valve systems for media transportation and precise control; and intelligent hydrogen oil storage tanks for closed-loop management of hydrogen oil storage, supply and product recovery. The control and management system incorporates a dynamic hydrogen supply regulation method based on model predictive control (MPC). This method collects multi-dimensional sensor data in real time, constructs a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen fuel consumption and hydrogen production, and predicts fluctuations in hydrogen supply demand in advance based on the rolling optimization principle. It then dynamically adjusts the power of the heating module, valve opening, and pump speed to match the hydrogen supply with the power demand of the fuel cell, thus avoiding energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen supply.

2. The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and management system integrates control chips and control software, and is equipped with a control module and a visual operation interface. It is used to perform global command control on all components of the hydrogen supply reaction system, including heating regulation, cooling and heat circulation regulation, pipeline and control valve on / off control, and pressure and flow regulation.

3. The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system is connected to the main body of the intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank and hydrogen supply reaction system. It includes a medium transfer pump, a gas-liquid separation component and a filter component. It is used to supply hydrogen oil to the reaction system and to separate and recover the products after the hydrogen release reaction.

4. The hydrogen supply reaction system for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system is the core of hydrogen supply, including a pressure-bearing reaction vessel, a dehydrogenation catalytic component, a heating module, a sensing component, a gas-liquid separation and drying component, and a hydrogen buffer and regulation component. It is used to catalyze the hydrogen oil to undergo a hydrogen release reaction, and to separate, dry, and stabilize the generated hydrogen before outputting it to a fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine.

5. The hydrogen supply reaction system for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The starting power supply and intelligent cooling and heat circulation system includes a starting power supply component, a cooling module and a heat circulation recovery component. The starting power supply component is used to quickly start the heating module to achieve rapid hydrogen supply to the reaction system. The cooling module is used to quickly cool down the system when it overheats or shuts down. The heat circulation recovery component is used to collect the waste heat generated during system operation and achieve secondary heating, while also taking into account the hot water supply inside the heavy truck.

6. The hydrogen supply reaction system for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system are integrated within the reaction system, including delivery pipelines, metering components, control valves, and sensing components, for the delivery, metering, and control of hydrogen oil and hydrogen gas between various systems.

7. The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent hydrogen oil storage tank integrates hydrogen oil storage, supply, and post-reaction product recovery functions, and is equipped with sealed isolation components and a heat collection module to achieve closed-loop management of hydrogen oil.

8. The hydrogen supply reaction system for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction process of the dynamic prediction model for hydrogen oil consumption and hydrogen production is as follows: The first step is to establish the basic correlation between the hydrogen production rate and the rate of change in the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the reaction, and to construct a quantitative relationship by combining the inherent characteristics of the molar mass of hydrogen oil and hydrogen, which directly reflects the stoichiometric nature of the hydrogen oil dehydrogenation reaction. The second step is to determine the total mass of hydrogen oil by integrating the density and volume of hydrogen oil in the reaction zone, introduce the catalytic efficiency function determined by the reaction temperature and pressure, obtain the mass of hydrogen oil participating in the effective reaction, and obtain its rate of change by differentiating with respect to time, so as to realize the dynamic quantification of the changes in matter during the reaction process. The third step is to construct a supply-demand matching function based on the energy balance relationship between power demand and hydrogen oil consumption, and to incorporate it into the calculation of the rate of change of hydrogen oil mass participating in the reaction, so as to ensure the dynamic matching between hydrogen oil consumption and power demand. The fourth step integrates the relationships and constraints of the first three steps to form a dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption and hydrogen production, establishes a quantitative correlation between the two, and directly serves the dynamic regulation of the hydrogen supply system.

9. A fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of dynamically adjusting the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed is as follows: Using the rolling optimization cycle Δt as the time unit, the hydrogen supply deviation function ΔQ(t) = Q is first defined. H,target (t)-Q H,pred (t), where Q H,target (t) represents the target hydrogen supply rate corresponding to the fuel cell power demand at time t, calculated by the control and management system based on the real-time operating signal of the power unit, and directly reflects the power demand of the heavy truck; Q H,pred (t) is the predicted hydrogen production rate output by the dynamic prediction model of hydrogen oil consumption-hydrogen production at time t, which represents the potential hydrogen supply capacity under the current operating conditions. Construct a multi-constraint optimization objective function: Among them, P heat θ(t) represents the heating module power at time t, which is associated with the catalytic reaction rate of the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system. Its change directly affects the intensity of the hydrogen-oil dehydrogenation reaction; θ(t) represents the valve opening of the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system at time t, which determines the flow cross-section of the hydrogen transmission channel, and thus affects the hydrogen delivery rate; N pump (t) represents the pump speed of the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system at time t, which is associated with the rate of hydrogen oil supply to the reaction zone. Meanwhile, the optimization process needs to meet multiple system constraints, including the operating limit constraints of hydrogen supply-related actuators and the safety operating condition constraints of the reaction system. By solving the above multi-constraint optimization objective function, P in each rolling optimization cycle is obtained. heat (t), θ(t), N pump The optimal value of (t) is determined by the control and management system, which converts it into an execution command and sends it to the corresponding system to achieve dynamic adjustment of the heating module power, valve opening and pump speed. In the next rolling optimization cycle, Q will be updated based on the latest acquired multi-dimensional sensor data. H,pred The optimization function is iteratively solved using ΔQ(t) and ΔQ(t) to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the hydrogen supply rate tracks Q in real time. H,target The change in (t) can prevent energy waste and power interruption caused by excessive or insufficient hydrogen.

10. A control method for a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system, applied to the implementation of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen supply reaction system as described in any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional operating parameters through sensing and metering components configured in the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system, high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, starting power supply and intelligent cooling and thermal circulation system; S2. Based on the collected multi-dimensional operating parameters, a dynamic correlation prediction model between hydrogen oil consumption rate and hydrogen production is constructed. The parameters in the model are optimized through data fitting methods to improve the model's adaptability to actual operating scenarios. S3. Adopting the rolling optimization principle, with a preset time window as the iteration cycle, the dynamic prediction model is used to predict the fluctuation trend of hydrogen supply demand in advance. With "maximizing hydrogen supply accuracy and minimizing energy loss" as the objective function, a coordinated control scheme is generated for the heating module power adjustment range, gas-liquid valve opening threshold and pump speed control parameters. S4. The control and management system converts the generated control scheme into execution instructions, which are then sent to the high-temperature pressure vessel catalytic reaction system, the hydrogen oil supply or storage and collection system, and the gas or liquid pipeline and control valve system. The system dynamically adjusts the heating module power, valve opening, and pump speed to match the hydrogen supply with the power demand of the fuel cell or hydrogen internal combustion engine, thus avoiding energy waste caused by excessive hydrogen supply or power interruption caused by insufficient hydrogen supply.

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