Beneficiation method for ore containing clay minerals
By desliming and gravity separation of clay mineral-bearing ores, combined with multiple flotation processes, the problems of unsatisfactory gold and silver recovery and high reagent costs in clay mineral-bearing ores have been solved, achieving efficient gold and silver recovery and low-cost mineral processing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA ENFI ENG CORP
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Clay mineral-bearing ores suffer from problems such as unsatisfactory gold and silver flotation recovery and high reagent costs during the beneficiation process.
The process involves desliming and gravity separation to process clay mineral-containing ores. First, desliming is performed to remove fine mud, followed by gravity separation, and then flotation, which includes multiple roughing, scavenging, and cleaning processes, using specific activators, collectors, and frothers.
This improved the gold and silver recovery rate, reduced the amount of reagents used, lowered ore beneficiation costs, and achieved efficient gold and silver recovery.
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Figure CN122006907A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral processing, and more specifically to a method for beneficiating clay-containing ores. Background Technology
[0002] Clay-bearing ores have long faced the challenge of efficient gold and silver recovery due to their high clay content and severe mudification. Clay minerals readily adsorb onto the surface of gold-bearing minerals, hindering their effective interaction with flotation reagents and resulting in low gold and silver flotation recovery rates. Simultaneously, the strong adsorption of clay minerals to beneficiation reagents significantly increases reagent consumption and raises beneficiation costs. Current technologies often employ the addition of modifiers (sodium carbonate and water glass) to disperse fine mud and suppress its adhesion interference (impeding reagent action) to the surface of gold-bearing minerals and excessive adsorption of beneficiation reagents. However, these methods still suffer from unsatisfactory gold and silver flotation recovery and high reagent costs. Summary of the Invention
[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art in the beneficiation of clay mineral-containing ores, such as unsatisfactory gold and silver flotation recovery effect and high reagent cost, thereby providing a beneficiation method for clay mineral-containing ores.
[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for beneficiating clay-containing ores, comprising the following steps: S1. Desliming and gravity separation of clay mineral-containing ore to obtain fine mud, gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; S2. Perform flotation on the gravity separation tailings to obtain flotation concentrate and flotation tailings.
[0005] In one alternative implementation, the ore in the clay mineral-containing ore includes, but is not limited to, a single gold ore, a gold-silver ore, or a gold-silver polymetallic ore.
[0006] In one alternative embodiment, the gold grade in the clay mineral-containing ore is 1.0 g / t to 5.0 g / t.
[0007] In an optional embodiment, the mass fraction of clay minerals in the clay mineral-containing ore of S1 is >25%; the clay minerals include one or more of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite.
[0008] In an optional implementation, in S1, the ore containing clay minerals is crushed and ground sequentially, and then the ground ore is deslimed and gravity separated to obtain fine mud, gravity concentrate and gravity tailings, and the gravity tailings are then processed in S2.
[0009] In one optional embodiment, the particle size of the crushed ore is <2mm, and the mass fraction of the ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ground ore is 70%-85%.
[0010] In an optional implementation, in S1, the ore containing clay minerals is crushed, the crushed ore is deslimed and gravity separated to obtain fine mud, gravity concentrate and gravity tailings, and then the gravity tailings are ground, and the ground gravity tailings are processed in S2.
[0011] In one optional embodiment, the particle size of the crushed ore is <2mm, and the mass fraction of the ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ground ore is 70%-90%.
[0012] In one alternative implementation, desliming and reselection can be performed in one step or in steps.
[0013] In an optional implementation, during the step, desliming and gravity separation are completed using a shaking table. The tailings obtained by the shaking table are the fine mud described in S1, the concentrate obtained by the shaking table is the gravity separation concentrate described in S1, and the middlings obtained by the shaking table are the gravity separation tailings described in S1.
[0014] In an optional implementation, when carried out in steps, desliming and gravity separation are performed sequentially. First, a hydrocyclone is used for desliming to obtain deslimed ore and fine mud as described in S1. Then, a shaking table is used to perform gravity separation on the deslimed ore to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings as described in S1.
[0015] In an optional implementation, the flotation in S2 includes coarse flotation, sweep flotation, and fine flotation; the coarse flotation includes a first coarse flotation and a second coarse flotation performed sequentially; the sweep flotation includes a first sweep flotation, a second sweep flotation, and a third sweep flotation performed sequentially; and the fine flotation includes a first fine flotation and a second fine flotation performed sequentially.
[0016] In an optional embodiment, a first activator, a first collector, and a first frother are added during the first roughing process; the mass ratio of the first activator to the gravity separation tailings is (20g-200g):1t; the mass ratio of the first collector to the gravity separation tailings is (30g-160g):1t; and the mass ratio of the first frother to the gravity separation tailings is (20g-60g):1t.
[0017] In one optional implementation, the first coarse selection takes 4-8 minutes.
[0018] In one optional embodiment, a second activator, a second collector, and a second frother are added during the second roughing process; the mass ratio of the second activator to the ore to be roughed is (15g-100g):1t; the mass ratio of the second collector to the ore to be roughed is (10g-80g):1t; and the mass ratio of the second frother to the ore to be roughed is (10g-30g):1t.
[0019] In one optional implementation, the second coarse selection takes 4-8 minutes.
[0020] In an optional embodiment, a third collector and a third frother are added during the first scavenging process; the mass ratio of the third collector to the ore to be scavenged in the first scavenging is (10g-40g):1t; the mass ratio of the third frother to the ore to be scavenged in the first scavenging is (10g-20g):1t.
[0021] In one optional implementation, the first scanning time is 3-6 minutes.
[0022] In an optional embodiment, a fourth collector and a fourth frother are added during the second scavenging process; the mass ratio of the fourth collector to the ore to be scavenged in the second scavenging is (10g-20g):1t; the mass ratio of the fourth frother to the ore to be scavenged in the second scavenging is (5g-10g):1t.
[0023] In one optional implementation, the second scanning time is 2 min to 5 min.
[0024] In an optional embodiment, a fifth collector and a fifth frother are added during the third scavenging process; the mass ratio of the fifth collector to the ore to be scavenged in the third scavenging is (5g-10g):1t; the mass ratio of the fifth frother to the ore to be scavenged in the third scavenging is (3g-20g):1t.
[0025] In one optional implementation, the third scanning time is 2-5 minutes.
[0026] In one alternative implementation, no reagents are added during the first and second selection processes.
[0027] In one optional implementation, the times for the first and second selections are 3 min and 5 min, respectively.
[0028] In an optional embodiment, the first activator and the second activator each comprise one or two of copper sulfate and ammonium sulfate; the first collector, the second collector, the third collector, the fourth collector, and the fifth collector each comprise one or more of sodium isopropyl xanthate and butylammonium black powder; and the first foaming agent, the second foaming agent, the third foaming agent, the fourth foaming agent, and the fifth foaming agent each comprise one or more of polyethylene glycol, No. 2 oil, and methyl isobutyl methanol.
[0029] In one optional embodiment, the flotation process includes: performing a first roughing on the gravity separation tailings to obtain a first roughing concentrate and a first roughing tailings; performing a second roughing on the first roughing tailings to obtain a second roughing concentrate and a second roughing tailings; performing fine cleaning on the first roughing concentrate and the second roughing concentrate; and performing scavenging on the second roughing tailings.
[0030] In an optional implementation, the refining of the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate includes: performing a first refining process on the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate to obtain a first refined concentrate and a first refined tailings; performing a second refining process on the first refined concentrate to obtain a second refined concentrate (i.e., the flotation concentrate described in step 2) and a second refined tailings; returning the first refined tailings to the first rougher process; and returning the second refined tailings to the first refining process.
[0031] In an optional implementation, scavenging the second rougher tailings includes: performing a first scavenging on the second rougher tailings to obtain a first scavenging concentrate and a first scavenging tailings; performing a second scavenging on the first scavenging tailings to obtain a second scavenging concentrate and a second scavenging tailings; performing a third scavenging on the second scavenging tailings to obtain a third scavenging concentrate and a third scavenging tailings (i.e., the flotation tailings described in step 2); returning the first scavenging concentrate to the first rougher process, returning the second scavenging concentrate to the first scavenging process, and returning the third scavenging concentrate to the second scavenging process.
[0032] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: This invention provides a method for beneficiating clay mineral-containing ore, comprising the following steps: desliming and gravity separation of clay mineral-containing ore to obtain fine mud, gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; and flotation of gravity tailings to obtain flotation concentrate and flotation tailings.
[0033] This invention pre-deslims clay-bearing ores before flotation, avoiding the negative impact of fine slime on flotation, improving gold and silver recovery rates, and reducing the types and amounts of subsequent beneficiation reagents, thus lowering beneficiation costs. Furthermore, this invention performs gravity separation before flotation to recover some gold, adhering to the principle of "recovering as much as possible," which reduces the feed rate for subsequent flotation, further reducing the amount of beneficiation reagents used. This beneficiation method achieves highly efficient recovery of gold and silver from clay-bearing ores, offering advantages such as low reagent usage, low beneficiation costs, and high gold and silver recovery rates. Attached Figure Description
[0034] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ore beneficiation method for clay minerals in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ore beneficiation method for clay minerals in Example 3; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ore beneficiation method for clay-containing minerals in Comparative Example 1. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ore beneficiation method for clay-containing minerals in Comparative Example 3. Detailed Implementation
[0036] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described. They do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0037] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions should be followed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.
[0038] In the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, the activator copper sulfate, the collector sodium isopropyl xanthate, the foaming agent methyl isobutyl methanol (MIBC), the modifier sodium carbonate, and water glass were all purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
[0039] In Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present invention, the clay mineral-containing ore was a clay mineral-containing gold-silver ore (pyrite is the main carrier mineral of gold in the ore, and silver mainly exists in the form of gold-silver ore and antimony-silver ore). The mass fraction of clay minerals in the clay mineral-containing ore was 35.6%, wherein the clay minerals included kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite, with a mass fraction of 13.2% for kaolinite, 5.6% for montmorillonite and 16.8% for illite.
[0040] In Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 of the present invention, the clay mineral-containing ore was a clay mineral-containing gold-silver ore (pyrite is the main carrier mineral of gold in the ore, and silver mainly exists in the form of gold-silver ore and antimony-silver ore). The mass fraction of clay minerals in the clay mineral-containing ore was 28.2%, wherein the clay minerals included kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite, with a mass fraction of 9.6% for kaolinite, 4.1% for montmorillonite and 14.5% for illite.
[0041] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for beneficiating clay-containing ores, comprising the following steps: The ore containing clay minerals (raw ore) is crushed to obtain ore with a particle size <2mm. Then, it is ground until the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm is 80%. The ground ore is deslimed using a hydrocyclone to obtain deslimed ore and fine mud. The deslimed ore is then subjected to gravity separation using a shaking table to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings.
[0042] The gravity separation tailings are subjected to flotation, including: a first roughing process in which a first activator (copper sulfate), a first collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate), and a first frother (MIBC) are added, with a mass ratio of 30g:40g:40g:1t to the gravity separation tailings; the first roughing process takes 6 minutes to obtain a first roughing concentrate and a first roughing tailings. The first roughing tailings are then subjected to a second roughing process in which a second activator (copper sulfate), a second collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate), and a second frother (MIBC) are added, with a mass ratio of 20g:20g:20g:1t to the first roughing tailings; the second roughing process takes 5 minutes to obtain a second roughing concentrate and a second roughing tailings. The first and second roughing concentrates are then further refined, and the second roughing tailings are then scavenged.
[0043] The process of refining the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate includes: performing a first refining process on the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate, without adding any reagents, and the first refining time is 4 minutes, to obtain a first refined concentrate and a first refined tailings. Figure 1 The middle section is marked as "Middle Mine 2". The first refined concentrate is then subjected to a second refined process. No reagents are added during the second refined process. The second refined process takes 4 minutes, resulting in the second refined concentrate (i.e., flotation concentrate) and the second refined tailings. Figure 1 (The middle is marked as 'middle ore 1'). The first refined tailings are returned to the first roughing process, and the second refined tailings are returned to the first refining process.
[0044] The process of scavenging the second rougher tailings includes: performing a first scavenging on the second rougher tailings, during which a third collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a third frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the third collector, the third frother, and the second rougher tailings is 10g:10g:1t. The first scavenging time is 4min, resulting in the first scavenged concentrate. Figure 1 The middle ore (marked as 3) and the first scavenging tailings were then subjected to a second scavenging process. During the second scavenging process, a fourth collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a fourth frother (MIBC) were added. The mass ratio of the fourth collector, the fourth frother, and the first scavenging tailings was 10g:10g:1t. The second scavenging time was 3 minutes, resulting in the second scavenging concentrate. Figure 1 The middle ore (marked as 4) and the second scavenging tailings; the second scavenging tailings are then subjected to a third scavenging process, during which a fifth collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a fifth frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the fifth collector, the fifth frother, and the second scavenging tailings is 10g:10g:1t. The third scavenging time is 2min, yielding the third scavenging concentrate. Figure 1 The middle ore (marked as 5) and the third scavenging tailings (i.e., flotation tailings) Figure 1 (The middle part is marked as tailings); the first scavenging concentrate is returned to the first roughing process, the second scavenging concentrate is returned to the first scavenging process, and the third scavenging concentrate is returned to the second scavenging process.
[0045] This embodiment presents a schematic diagram of the ore beneficiation method for clay-containing minerals, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown.
[0046] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for beneficiating clay-containing ores, comprising the following steps: Keeping other conditions unchanged in Example 1, the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ore was modified to 70% during grinding.
[0047] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for beneficiating clay-containing ores, comprising the following steps: The ore containing clay minerals (raw ore) is crushed to obtain ore with a particle size of <2mm. The crushed ore is then simultaneously deslimed and gravity separated using a shaking table to obtain fine mud, gravity concentrate and gravity tailings. The gravity tailings are then ground until the mass fraction of ore with a particle size of ≤0.074mm is 80%.
[0048] The gravity tailings obtained from grinding are subjected to flotation, including: The gravity separation tailings obtained from grinding are subjected to a first roughing process. During the first roughing process, a first activator (copper sulfate), a first collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate), and a first frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the first activator, the first collector, the first frother, and the gravity separation tailings is 30g:50g:50g:1t. The first roughing time is 6 minutes, yielding a first roughing concentrate and a first roughing tailings. The first roughing tailings are then subjected to a second roughing process. During the second roughing process, a second activator (copper sulfate), a second collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate), and a second frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the second activator, the second collector, the second frother, and the first roughing tailings is 20g:30g:20g:1t. The second roughing time is 5 minutes, yielding a second roughing concentrate and a second roughing tailings. The first and second roughing concentrates are then further refined, and the second roughing tailings are then scavenged.
[0049] The process of refining the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate includes: performing a first refining process on the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate, without adding any reagents, and the first refining time is 4 minutes, to obtain a first refined concentrate and a first refined tailings. Figure 1 The middle section is marked as "Middle Mine 2". The first refined concentrate is then subjected to a second refined process. No reagents are added during the second refined process. The second refined process takes 4 minutes, resulting in the second refined concentrate (i.e., flotation concentrate) and the second refined tailings. Figure 1 (The middle is marked as 'middle ore 1'). The first refined tailings are returned to the first roughing process, and the second refined tailings are returned to the first refining process.
[0050] The process of scavenging the second rougher tailings includes: performing a first scavenging on the second rougher tailings, during which a third collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a third frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the third collector, the third frother, and the second rougher tailings is 20g:10g:1t. The first scavenging time is 4min, resulting in the first scavenged concentrate. Figure 1The middle ore (marked as 3) and the first scavenging tailings were then subjected to a second scavenging process. During the second scavenging process, a fourth collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a fourth frother (MIBC) were added. The mass ratio of the fourth collector, the fourth frother, and the first scavenging tailings was 10g:10g:1t. The second scavenging time was 3 minutes, resulting in the second scavenging concentrate. Figure 1 The middle ore (marked as 4) and the second scavenging tailings; the second scavenging tailings are then subjected to a third scavenging process, during which a fifth collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a fifth frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the fifth collector, the fifth frother, and the second scavenging tailings is 10g:10g:1t. The third scavenging time is 2min, yielding the third scavenging concentrate. Figure 1 The middle ore (marked as 5) and the third scavenging tailings (i.e., flotation tailings) Figure 1 (The middle part is marked as tailings); the first scavenging concentrate is returned to the first roughing process, the second scavenging concentrate is returned to the first scavenging process, and the third scavenging concentrate is returned to the second scavenging process. The schematic diagram of the ore beneficiation method for clay-containing minerals in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.
[0051] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for beneficiating clay-containing ores, comprising the following steps: Keeping other conditions unchanged in Example 3, the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ore was modified to 70% during grinding.
[0052] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for beneficiating clay-bearing ores, comprising the following steps: The ore containing clay minerals (raw ore) is crushed to obtain ore with a particle size of <2mm. Then it is ground until the mass fraction of ore with a particle size of ≤0.074mm is 80%. The ore obtained from grinding is then subjected to gravity separation using a shaking table to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings.
[0053] The gravity separation tailings are subjected to flotation, including: a first roughing stage, in which modifiers (sodium carbonate and water glass), activators (copper sulfate), collectors (sodium isopropyl xanthate), and frothers (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of modifiers, activators, collectors, frothers, and gravity separation tailings is 1500g:60g:80g:80g:1t, and the mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water glass is 1000:500. The first roughing stage lasts for 6 minutes, yielding a first roughing concentrate and a first roughing tailings. The first roughing tailings are then subjected to a second flotation stage. In the roughing and second roughing processes, modifiers (sodium carbonate and water glass), activators (copper sulfate), collectors (sodium isopropyl xanthate), and frothers (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of modifiers, activators, collectors, frothers, and tailings from the first roughing process is 1500g:40g:40g:40g:1t, and the mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water glass is 1000:500. The second roughing process takes 5 minutes to obtain the second roughing concentrate and the second roughing tailings. The first and second roughing concentrates are then further refined, and the second roughing tailings are then scavenged.
[0054] The process of refining the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate includes: performing a first refining process on the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate, without adding any reagents, and the first refining time is 4 minutes, to obtain a first refined concentrate and a first refined tailings. Figure 3 The middle section is marked as "Middle Mine 2". The first refined concentrate is then subjected to a second refined process. No reagents are added during the second refined process. The second refined process takes 4 minutes, resulting in the second refined concentrate (i.e., flotation concentrate) and the second refined tailings. Figure 3 (The middle is marked as 'middle ore 1'). The first refined tailings are returned to the first roughing process, and the second refined tailings are returned to the first refining process.
[0055] The process of scavenging the second rougher tailings includes: scavenging the second rougher tailings in the first scavenging process, during which a collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the collector, frother, and second rougher tailings is 20g:20g:1t. The first scavenging time is 4min, resulting in the first scavenged concentrate. Figure 3 The middle ore (marked as 3) and the first scavenging tailings; the first scavenging tailings are subjected to a second scavenging, during which a collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the collector, frother and the first scavenging tailings is 20g:20g:1t. The second scavenging time is 3min, and the second scavenging concentrate is obtained. Figure 3The middle ore (marked as 4) and the second scavenging tailings; the second scavenging tailings are then subjected to a third scavenging process, during which a collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) and a frother (MIBC) are added. The mass ratio of the collector, frother, and second scavenging tailings is 20g:20g:1t. The third scavenging time is 2min, resulting in the third scavenging concentrate. Figure 3 The middle ore (marked as 5) and the third scavenging tailings (i.e., flotation tailings) Figure 3 (The middle part is marked as tailings); the first scavenging concentrate is returned to the first roughing process, the second scavenging concentrate is returned to the first scavenging process, and the third scavenging concentrate is returned to the second scavenging process.
[0056] The flowchart of the ore beneficiation method containing clay minerals in this comparative example is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.
[0057] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for beneficiating clay-bearing ores, comprising the following steps: Keeping other conditions unchanged in Comparative Example 1, the grinding process was modified so that the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ore was 70%.
[0058] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a method for beneficiating clay-bearing ores, comprising the following steps: The clay mineral-containing ore (raw ore) is crushed to obtain ore with a particle size of <2mm. The crushed ore is then subjected to gravity separation using a shaking table to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings. The gravity tailings are then ground until the mass fraction of ore with a particle size of ≤0.074mm in the ore is 80%.
[0059] The gravity tailings obtained from grinding were subjected to flotation, and the flotation process was the same as that in Comparative Example 1.
[0060] The flowchart of the ore beneficiation method containing clay minerals in this comparative example is shown below. Figure 4 As shown.
[0061] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a method for beneficiating clay-bearing ores, comprising the following steps: Keeping other conditions unchanged in Comparative Example 3, the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ore was modified to 70% through grinding.
[0062] The grades and recoveries of gold and silver in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested, and the beneficiation test results for Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1; the beneficiation test results for Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 2; the beneficiation test results for Examples 3-4 are shown in Table 3; and the beneficiation test results for Comparative Examples 3-4 are shown in Table 4.
[0063] Table 1. Mineral processing test results of Examples 1-2
[0064] The results in Table 1 show that in Examples 1 and 2, the recovery rates of gold and silver (the sum of the recovery rates of gravity concentrate and flotation concentrate) are both greater than 93%, which can achieve ideal gold and silver recovery results.
[0065] Table 2. Mineral processing test results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2
[0066] The results in Table 2 show that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the recovery rates of gold and silver were around 81-83%, which was not ideal; furthermore, the grades of gold and silver in the flotation concentrate were low. A comparison of the results in Tables 1 and 2 indicates that the pre-desliming process has a significant effect on improving the gold and silver recovery rate and the grade of the flotation concentrate.
[0067] Table 3. Mineral processing test results of Examples 3-4
[0068] The results in Table 3 show that in Examples 3 and 4, the recovery rates of gold and silver were both greater than 89%, achieving ideal gold and silver recovery results.
[0069] Table 4. Mineral processing test results of Comparative Examples 3-4
[0070] Table 4 shows that in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the recovery rates of gold and silver were around 81-84%, which was not ideal; furthermore, the grades of gold and silver in the flotation concentrate were low. Comparing the results in Tables 3 and 4, it is clear that the pre-desliming process has a significant effect on improving the gold and silver recovery rate and the grade of the flotation concentrate.
[0071] The consumption costs of the drugs in Examples 1, 3, 1, and 3 were statistically analyzed to obtain the drug cost comparison results for Examples 1 and 1, as shown in Table 5; the drug cost comparison results for Examples 3 and 3, as shown in Table 6.
[0072] Table 5. Comparison of drug costs between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
[0073] The results in Table 5 show that the mineral processing cost of Example 1 can be reduced by 89.4% compared with Comparative Example 1.
[0074] Table 6. Comparison of drug costs between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3
[0075] The results in Table 6 show that the mineral processing cost of Example 3 can be reduced by 87.9% compared with Comparative Example 3.
[0076] In summary, the ore beneficiation method for clay minerals provided by this invention can achieve ideal gold and silver recovery results and significantly reduce the cost of reagents used in ore beneficiation.
[0077] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A method for beneficiating clay-containing ore, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Desliming and gravity separation of clay mineral-containing ore to obtain fine mud, gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; S2. Perform flotation on the gravity separation tailings to obtain flotation concentrate and flotation tailings.
2. The ore beneficiation method for clay-bearing minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clay mineral-containing ore described in S1 also includes crushing before desliming and gravity separation; Optionally, the particle size of the crushed ore is <2mm.
3. The ore beneficiation method for clay-bearing minerals according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The clay mineral-containing ore described in S1 also includes grinding before desliming and gravity separation; Optionally, the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ground ore is 70%-85%.
4. The ore beneficiation method for clay-bearing minerals according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The clay mineral-containing ore described in S1 further includes grinding after desliming and gravity separation; Optionally, the mass fraction of ore with a particle size ≤0.074mm in the ground ore is 70%-90%.
5. The ore beneficiation method for clay-bearing minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass fraction of clay minerals in the clay-containing ore described in S1 is >25%; Optionally, the clay mineral includes one or more of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite.
6. The ore beneficiation method for clay-bearing minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flotation process described in S2 includes roughing, sweeping, and cleaning. Optionally, the coarse selection includes a first coarse selection and a second coarse selection performed sequentially; Optionally, the scanning includes a first scanning, a second scanning, and a third scanning performed sequentially; Optionally, the selection includes a first selection and a second selection performed sequentially.
7. The method for beneficiating clay-bearing ore according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coarse selection satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) A first activator, a first collector, and a first foaming agent are added during the first roughing process; Optionally, the mass ratio of the first activator to the gravity separation tailings is (20g-200g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the first collector to the gravity separation tailings is (30g-160g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the first frother to the gravity separation tailings is (20g-60g):1t; (2) The time for the first coarse selection is 4 min-8 min; (3) During the second roughing process, a second activator, a second collector, and a second foaming agent are added; Optionally, the mass ratio of the second activator to the ore to be subjected to the second roughing is (15g-100g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the second collector to the ore to be subjected to the second roughing is (15g-80g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the second frother to the ore to be subjected to the second roughing is (10g-30g):1t; (4) The second coarse selection time is 4 min-8 min.
8. The ore beneficiation method for clay-bearing minerals according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sweeping process satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) A third collector and a third foaming agent are added during the first scavenging process; Optionally, the mass ratio of the third collector to the ore to be subjected to the first scavenging is (10g-40g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the third frother to the ore to be subjected to the first scavenging is (10g-20g):1t; (2) The first scanning time is 3 min-6 min; (3) A fourth collector and a fourth foaming agent are added during the second scavenging process; Optionally, the mass ratio of the fourth collector to the ore to be subjected to the second scavenging is (10g-20g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the fourth frother to the ore to be subjected to the second scavenging is (5g-10g):1t; (4) The second scanning time is 2 min-5 min; (5) A fifth collector and a fifth foaming agent are added during the third scavenging process; Optionally, the mass ratio of the fifth collector to the ore to be subjected to the third scavenging is (5g-10g):1t; Optionally, the mass ratio of the fifth frother to the ore to be subjected to the third scavenging is (3g-20g):1t; (6) The time for the third scanning is 2 min to 5 min.
9. The method for beneficiating clay-bearing ore according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first activator and the second activator each independently include one or both of copper sulfate and ammonium sulfate; And / or, the first collector, the second collector, the third collector, the fourth collector, and the fifth collector respectively include one or more of sodium isopropyl xanthate and butylammonium black powder; And / or, the first foaming agent, the second foaming agent, the third foaming agent, the fourth foaming agent, and the fifth foaming agent respectively include one or more of polyethylene glycol, No. 2 oil, and methyl isobutyl methanol.