Numerical control processing machine tool for long axis type parts processing

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of machining tools, in particular to a numerical control machining tool for long shaft parts, comprising a tool main body, two sets of clamping assemblies, two sets of connecting assemblies, a driving assembly and two sets of pushing assemblies. At least one set of the connecting assemblies is arranged to slide along the axial direction. An elastic member one is arranged between the connecting assembly and the clamping assembly, and the elastic member one is stretched by moving the connecting assembly to apply an axial tension to the part. The pushing assembly is arranged in the clamping assembly and comprises a pushing member and a driving member one, and is used to abut against the end face of the part. The present application further comprises an auxiliary assembly and a limiting assembly. When the clamping assembly is released to avoid the end machining tool, the limiting assembly locks the position of the pushing member, and cooperates with the auxiliary assembly to assist the fixing of the part in the radial and axial directions. The axial stretching mechanism effectively compensates for the thermal deformation of the long shaft part and suppresses the machining vibration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, specifically to CNC machine tools for machining long shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] Long shaft parts are key basic components in the machinery manufacturing industry, and their machining quality directly affects the performance and service life of the entire machine. Long shaft parts are characterized by a large length-to-diameter ratio and poor rigidity.

[0003] During the CNC machining of long shaft parts, the workpiece is highly susceptible to bending deformation and vibration due to factors such as cutting forces, its own weight, and centrifugal forces. This deformation and vibration can severely affect the geometric accuracy and surface quality of long shaft parts, thus impacting the overall machining quality.

[0004] In existing technologies, clamping is typically achieved using a tailstock center in conjunction with a chuck. This means that long shaft parts are subjected to the pushing force of the tailstock center. This makes long shaft parts more prone to bending during machining, especially when subjected to stress and heat, thus affecting the machining quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a CNC machining tool for machining long shaft parts, aiming to solve the problem in related technologies where the tailstock center and chuck push and fix the long shaft parts easily bend and deform when subjected to the force of the tool and thermal elongation during machining.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A CNC machining tool for machining long shaft parts, comprising a machine tool body, wherein the machine tool body contains:

[0008] Two sets of clamping assemblies are used to clamp both ends of long shaft parts;

[0009] Two sets of connecting components, each corresponding to a set of clamping components, wherein at least one set of connecting components is slidably disposed along the axial direction of the long shaft part. The connecting component includes a connecting plate and a connecting tube, the connecting tube and the connecting plate being coaxially disposed. The clamping component is slidably disposed on the connecting plate along the axial direction of the connecting plate. An elastic element is disposed between the connecting plate and the clamping component. The connecting plate is moved away from the clamping component to stretch the elastic element, thereby applying an axial tensile force to the long shaft part.

[0010] Drive assembly, used to drive the connecting assembly to rotate the clamping assembly and long shaft parts;

[0011] Two sets of push-up components are respectively set in two sets of clamping components, including a push-up component, an elastic component two, and a drive component one that drives the push-up component to move away axially. The push-up component is used to abut against the end face of the long shaft part.

[0012] The pusher includes a pusher rod and a connecting plate 2. The connecting plate 2 is slidably disposed coaxially inside the connecting tube. The pusher rod is coaxially disposed on the connecting plate 2. The elastic element 2 is disposed between the connecting plate 2 and the driving element 1, and the elastic element 2 is configured to drive the connecting plate 2 to move away from the driving element 1. A limit component is provided on the connecting assembly. When the clamping assembly no longer clamps the long shaft part, the limit component limits the connecting plate 2.

[0013] Specifically, the machine tool body is provided with a sliding rail, the sliding rail is provided with a sliding component, and the sliding connecting component is provided on the sliding component.

[0014] Specifically, the limiting component includes a limiting plate that slides radially along the connecting pipe and a second driving component that drives the limiting plate to slide. The limiting plate abuts against the second connecting plate to limit the position of the second connecting plate.

[0015] Specifically, the sliding track is provided with two sets of auxiliary components, which are respectively located close to the two sets of clamping components. When the clamping components are released, the auxiliary components are configured to radially clamp the long shaft parts.

[0016] Specifically, the auxiliary component is slidably mounted on a sliding track to adjust its position according to the length of the long shaft part.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. By incorporating an elastic element, a constant axial tensile force is applied to the long shaft component by the connecting assembly. Under tension clamping, a pre-tension is generated on the long shaft component, thereby effectively suppressing bending and vibration of the long shaft component.

[0019] 2. During high-speed machining of long shaft parts, localized thermal expansion occurs. Traditional push-clamping methods restrict this expansion, leading to unpredictable deformation and bending. By incorporating an elastic element, a small amount of axial elongation is allowed, providing sufficient allowance for the long shaft part to extend, thus releasing thermal stress. This prevents bending deformation and ensures the straightness and cylindricity of the long shaft part.

[0020] 3. By combining the push-up assembly and the auxiliary assembly, the ends of long shaft parts can be machined, avoiding the problem of the clamping position of long shaft parts being unmachined. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This invention relates to a CNC machining tool for machining long shaft-type parts.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting component in this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting component in this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pusher component in this invention.

[0026] The names of the components in the attached diagram are:

[0027] 1. Machine tool body; 11. Sliding rail;

[0028] 2. Clamping components;

[0029] 3. Connecting components; 31. Elastic element 1; 32. Connecting plate 1; 33. Connecting pipe; 34. Limiting rod 1; 35. Baffle 1;

[0030] 4. Pushing assembly; 41. Pushing component; 411. Pushing rod; 412. Connecting plate two; 42. Driving component one; 421. Driving plate; 422. Driving source; 43. Limiting rod two; 44. Baffle two; 45. Elastic component two;

[0031] 5. Auxiliary components; 51. Sliding block two; 52. Clamping component; 521. Clamping rod; 53. Lead screw two;

[0032] 6. Sliding assembly; 61. Sliding block one; 62. Driving component three; 63. Lead screw one;

[0033] 7. Limiting component; 71. Limiting plate; 72. Drive component two;

[0034] 8. Driver components. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 5 A CNC machine tool for machining long shaft parts includes a machine tool body 1, which contains two sets of clamping components 2, two sets of connecting components 3, a drive component, and two sets of pushing components 4.

[0037] An elastic element 31 is provided between the clamping assembly 2 and the connecting assembly 3. During the machining of the long shaft part, the two ends of the long shaft part are fixed by the two sets of clamping assemblies 2, and the connecting assembly 3 rotates under the drive of the drive assembly. The connecting assembly 3 applies an axial tensile force to the long shaft part through the elastic element 31.

[0038] The jacking assembly 4 provides auxiliary support by contacting the end face of the long shaft part. Two sets of auxiliary assemblies 5 are also provided within the machine tool, positioned near the two sets of clamping assemblies 2. The jacking assembly 4 and the auxiliary assemblies 5 work together to secure the long shaft part in case the clamping assemblies 2 fail.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The machine tool body 1 is provided with a sliding rail 11. The sliding rail 11 extends along the axial direction of the long shaft part. A sliding assembly 6 is provided on the sliding rail 11. The sliding assembly 6 includes a sliding block 61 that slides on the rail and a driving member 62 that drives the sliding block 61 to move.

[0040] Two sets of clamping assemblies 2 are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the machine tool body 1, for jointly clamping both ends of the long shaft part to be processed. In this embodiment, the clamping assembly 2 is configured as a three-jaw chuck. Two sets of connecting assemblies 3 are respectively connected to the two sets of clamping assemblies 2. In this embodiment, the connecting assembly 3 on the right side of the machine tool body 1 is rotatably mounted on the sliding block 61. The sliding block 61 drives the connecting assembly 3 and the clamping assembly 2 to move.

[0041] Reference Figures 1 to 3 The connecting assembly 3 includes a connecting plate 32 and a connecting tube 33. An elastic element 31 is disposed between the connecting plate 32 and the clamping assembly 2. Specifically, both ends of the elastic element 31 are fixedly disposed on the connecting plate 32 and the side of the clamping assembly 2 near the connecting plate 32, respectively. In this embodiment, three elastic elements 31 are disposed between the connecting plate 32 and the clamping assembly 2, and the three elastic elements 31 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the connecting plate 32. A through hole adapted to the connecting tube 33 is opened on the sliding block 61, and the connecting tube 33 is rotatably disposed within the through hole on the sliding block 61. An annular groove is opened in the sliding block 61, and an annular key block adapted to the annular groove is disposed on the connecting tube 33. The annular key block is rotatably disposed within the annular groove to restrict the axial movement of the connecting tube 33 relative to the sliding block 61. The connecting plate 32 is coaxially disposed with the connecting tube 33, and the connecting plate 32 is fixedly disposed at one end of the connecting tube 33. A cavity penetrating the connecting pipe 33 and the connecting plate 32 is formed along their axial direction. Another connecting component 3 is rotatably mounted on the machine tool body 1. That is, the corresponding connecting pipe 33 is rotatably mounted on the machine tool body 1.

[0042] The drive assembly 8 includes two drive motors (not shown in the figure) respectively mounted on the sliding block 61 and the machine tool body 1. The two drive motors are respectively connected to two connecting pipes 33 to drive the connecting pipes 33 to rotate.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 A limiting rod 34 is fixedly provided on the clamping assembly 2 near the connecting plate 32. A through hole adapted to the limiting rod 34 is provided on the connecting plate 32. The limiting rod 34 extends through the through hole to the side of the connecting plate 32 away from the clamping assembly 2, thereby restricting the clamping assembly 2 from rotating relative to the connecting plate 32. A baffle 35 is provided at the end of the limiting rod 34 away from the clamping assembly 2. The cross-sectional area of ​​the baffle 35 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the through hole on the connecting plate 32. In this embodiment, three limiting rods 34 are provided, and the three limiting rods 34 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the connecting plate 32.

[0044] An elastic element 31 is disposed between the clamping assembly 2 and the connecting plate 32. The elastic element is configured to drive the clamping assembly 2 to move toward the connecting plate 32. In this embodiment, the elastic element 31 is a spring.

[0045] Initially, under the action of elastic element 31, clamping assembly 2 is positioned close to connecting plate 32. Both ends of the long shaft part are placed within clamping assembly 2. Clamping assembly 2 is controlled to clamp both ends of the long shaft part. Then, sliding block 61 is controlled to move on sliding track 11, thereby driving connecting assembly 3 to move. Connecting assembly 3 pulls clamping assembly 2 through elastic element 31. Since clamping assembly 2 clamps both ends of the long shaft part, the length of the long shaft part is fixed, meaning the distance between the two clamping assemblies 2 remains constant. As connecting assembly 3 moves, the two elastic elements 31 are stretched, thus providing axial tension to the long shaft part to cope with deformation during processing.

[0046] Reference Figures 2 to 5The push assembly 4 is disposed within the cavity of the connecting pipe 33. The push assembly 4 includes a pusher 41 and a driving component 42. The pusher 41 includes a push rod 411 and a connecting plate 412. The connecting plate 412 is adapted to the cavity within the connecting pipe 33, i.e., it is coaxially slidably disposed within the cavity of the connecting pipe 33. The push rod 411 is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate 412. The end of the push rod 411 near the long shaft component is tapered, and a positioning hole is provided at the end of the long shaft component. The driving component 42 includes a driving plate 421 and a driving source 422. The driving source 422 is fixedly disposed within the connecting pipe 33, and its output end is fixedly connected to the driving plate 421. The driving plate 421 is coaxially disposed with the connecting pipe 33. The driving plate 421 is positioned between the connecting plate 412 and the driving cylinder. In this embodiment, the driving source 422 is a cylinder.

[0047] Several limiting rods 43 are fixedly arranged on the side of the connecting plate 412 facing the drive plate 421. The extending direction of the limiting rods 43 is the same as the axial direction of the connecting pipe 33. Several through holes adapted to the limiting rods 43 are opened on the drive plate 421. The limiting rods 43 slide coaxially in the through holes on the drive plate 421 and extend to the side of the drive plate 421 away from the connecting plate 412. A baffle 44 is fixedly arranged at the end of the limiting rod 43 away from the connecting plate 412. The cross-sectional area of ​​the baffle 44 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the through holes on the drive plate 421. In this embodiment, three limiting rods 43 are set, and the three limiting rods 43 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the connecting plate 412.

[0048] An elastic element 45 is provided between the drive plate 421 and the connecting plate 412. Both ends of the elastic element 45 are fixed to the connecting plate 412 and the drive plate 421, respectively. In this embodiment, three elastic elements 45 are provided between the drive plate 421 and the connecting plate 412, and the three elastic elements 45 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the drive plate 421. The elastic elements 45 are always in a compressed state. The elastic elements 45 are configured to drive the connecting plate 412 away from the drive plate 421. In this embodiment, the elastic element is a spring.

[0049] After the clamping assembly 2 and the connecting assembly 3 work together to stretch and fix the long shaft part, the drive source 422 controls the drive plate 421 to move. The drive plate 421 drives the connecting plate 412 and the push rod 411 to move through the elastic element 45. The push rod 411 moves into the positioning hole at the end of the long shaft part and abuts against the long shaft part.

[0050] In this embodiment, the degree of compression of the elastic element 45 can be controlled according to the usage.

[0051] When dealing with precision shafts that require extremely high straightness and cylindricity:

[0052] After the push rod 411 contacts the end of the long shaft part, the elastic element 45 is partially compressed. This leaves space for the connecting plate 412 to move towards the drive plate 421. The long shaft part will elongate due to heat under high-speed cutting. Under the action of the elastic element 31, the elastic element 31 drives the clamping assembly 2 to move closer to the connecting plate 32. The clamping assembly 2 drives the long shaft part to move, thereby overcoming the elastic force of the elastic element 45 and causing the connecting plate 412 to move towards the drive plate 421.

[0053] When dealing with shafts requiring high axial length tolerance accuracy:

[0054] After the push rod 411 contacts the end of the long shaft component, the elastic element 45 is fully compressed. Alternatively, the drive plate 421 abuts against the connecting plate 412. While the long shaft component is under tension, the push rod 411 limits both ends of the long shaft component, preventing it from being stretched. This ensures the length of the long shaft component.

[0055] Reference Figures 3 to 5 A limiting component 7 is provided on the connecting plate 32. The limiting component 7 limits and locks the connecting plate 412 when the clamping component 2 no longer clamps the long shaft part.

[0056] The limiting assembly 7 includes a limiting plate 71 and a second driving component 72. The second driving component 72 is fixedly mounted on the connecting plate 32 on the side opposite to the clamping assembly 2. The limiting plate 71 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the second driving component 72, and the limiting plate 71 moves radially along the connecting plate 32. In this embodiment, the second driving component 72 is configured as a cylinder.

[0057] The limiting plate 71 is moved to abut against the connecting plate 412 by the driving component 72, so as to limit the position of the connecting plate 412.

[0058] Several protrusions are provided on the side of the limiting plate 71 near the connecting plate 412. Similarly, protrusions are also provided on the connecting plate 412 at the corresponding positions of the limiting plate 71. This increases the friction between the connecting plate 412 and the limiting plate 71 when they abut against each other.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The driving component 62 includes a lead screw 63. The lead screw 63 is rotatably mounted on the sliding rail 11, and its axial direction is the same as that of the long shaft component. The lead screw 63 is connected to a motor that drives its rotation. A through hole adapted to the lead screw 63 is provided on the sliding block 61, and the lead screw 63 is coaxially disposed in the through hole of the sliding block 61. The lead screw 63 and the sliding block 61 are threadedly connected, that is, when the lead screw 63 rotates, it drives the sliding block 61 to slide along the axial direction of the lead screw 63.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 An auxiliary component 5 is slidably mounted on the sliding track 11. The auxiliary component 5 includes a second sliding block 51, a clamping member 52, and a second lead screw 53. The second lead screw 53 is rotatably mounted on the sliding track 11, and the axial direction of the second lead screw 53 is the same as that of the first lead screw 63. A through hole adapted to the second lead screw 53 is provided on the second sliding block 51. The second lead screw 53 is coaxially mounted on the through hole on the second sliding block 51, and the second lead screw 53 is threadedly engaged with the second sliding block 51. One end of the second lead screw 53 is connected to a motor that drives the second lead screw 53 to rotate. When the second lead screw 53 rotates, it drives the second sliding block 51 to slide along the axial direction of the second lead screw 53. The clamping member 52 includes two clamping rods 521, which are horizontally slidably mounted on the second sliding block 51. The sliding direction of the clamping rods 521 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the long shaft part. In this embodiment, the two clamping rods 521 are electrically controlled. When it is necessary to fix the long shaft part, the two clamping rods 521 are electrically controlled to move synchronously in opposite directions to clamp the long shaft part. While the clamping rods 521 are clamping the long shaft part, the long shaft part is allowed to rotate relative to the clamping rods 521. In this embodiment, the auxiliary component 5 is provided in two sets, corresponding to the two sets of clamping components 2 respectively.

[0061] Under normal operating conditions, the clamping rod 521 does not contact the long shaft parts, that is, it does not perform a clamping function.

[0062] When the clamping assembly 2 stops clamping the long shaft part, i.e., when the clamping force of the clamping assembly 2 is insufficient, causing clamping failure, or when it is necessary to remove the clamping assembly 2 from the end of the long shaft part for machining the end of the long shaft part, after the position of the connecting plate 412 is limited by the limiting plate 71, the clamping rod 521 is simultaneously controlled to clamp the long shaft part. The former can cooperate with the push rod 411 to limit the position of the long shaft part to prevent the long shaft part from flying out under high-speed rotation and causing safety hazards. The latter fixes the end of the long shaft part by the push rod 411 and the clamping rod 521 to prevent the long shaft part from undergoing axial deformation when machining the end of the long shaft part. Moreover, the clamping rod 521 does not initially contact the long shaft part to reduce the wear of the clamping rod 521 on the surface of the long shaft part. It also avoids the presence of impurities on the surface of the long shaft part before machining, which would cause impurities to adhere to the clamping rod 521. When it is necessary to machine the end of the long shaft part, the clamping rod 521 is in the already machined position. As the long shaft part rotates relative to the clamping rod 521, impurities adhering to the clamping rod 521 will cause wear on the surface of the already machined long shaft part, affecting the machining quality of the long shaft part.

[0063] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided on the side of the baffle 35 near the connecting plate 32. When the baffle 35 abuts against the connecting plate 32, the elastic element 31 is in a stretched state, indicating that the clamping assembly 2 is fixed relative to the long shaft part. That is, the clamping assembly 2 is in a normal clamping state. After the clamping assembly 2 fails, it can slide relative to the long shaft part. Under the action of the elastic element 31, the clamping assembly 2 moves towards the connecting plate 32, that is, the baffle 35 moves away from the connecting plate 32. The pressure sensor is no longer under pressure. This sends a signal to the limiting assembly 7 and the auxiliary assembly 5, thereby controlling the operation of the limiting assembly 7 and the auxiliary assembly 5. The end of the long shaft part and the corresponding position of the auxiliary assembly 5 are fixed.

[0064] The specific working method is as follows:

[0065] The two ends of the long shaft part are placed at the center of the clamping assembly 2, and then the clamping assembly 2 is controlled to fix the outer circle of the end of the long shaft part. At this time, rotating the lead screw 63 controls the sliding block 61 to move the connecting assembly 3 on it. That is, the corresponding connecting plate 32 generates a pulling force on the clamping assembly 2 through the elastic element 31. The elastic element 31 is stretched, and the pulling force acts on the long shaft part to stretch and fix the long shaft part. Then, the drive plate 421 is controlled to move through the drive source 422. The drive plate 421 drives the connecting plate 412 and the push rod 411 to move towards the long shaft part through the elastic element 45 to support and fix the end of the long shaft part. And the elastic element 45 is kept in a compressed state.

[0066] The start-up drive unit 42 drives the long shaft part to rotate via the connecting pipe 33. Then, the cutting tool on the CNC lathe moves along the axial direction of the long shaft part to machine it. When machining is required on the end of the long shaft part held by the clamping assembly 2, one end of the clamping assembly 2 is released. Under the action of the elastic element 31, the clamping assembly 2 moves out from the end of the long shaft part. The limiting assembly 7 and the auxiliary assembly 5 work to fix the axial ends of the end of the long shaft part to be machined, and then the cutting tool is controlled to machine the end of the long shaft part.

[0067] After machining one end of the long shaft part, the limiting component 7 of that section is restored to its initial state, and the push rod 411 is retracted. The sliding block 61 is moved to move the end into the clamping component 2, thus fixing the end of the long shaft part again. At this time, the clamping component 2 at the other end of the long shaft part is released, and the above operation is repeated to machine the other end of the long shaft part.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC machine tool for machining long shaft parts, comprising a machine tool body, characterized in that, The machine tool body is equipped with: Two sets of clamping assemblies are used to clamp both ends of long shaft parts; Two sets of connecting components, each corresponding to a set of clamping components, wherein at least one set of connecting components is slidably disposed along the axial direction of the long shaft part. The connecting component includes a connecting plate and a connecting tube, the connecting tube and the connecting plate being coaxially disposed. The clamping component is slidably disposed on the connecting plate along the axial direction of the connecting plate. An elastic element is disposed between the connecting plate and the clamping component. The connecting plate is moved away from the clamping component to stretch the elastic element, thereby applying an axial tensile force to the long shaft part. Drive assembly, used to drive the connecting assembly to rotate the clamping assembly and long shaft parts; Two sets of push-up components are respectively set in two sets of clamping components, including a push-up component, an elastic component two, and a drive component one for driving the push-up component to move axially. The push-up component is used to abut against the end face of the long shaft part. The pusher includes a pusher rod and a connecting plate 2. The connecting plate 2 is slidably disposed coaxially inside the connecting tube. The pusher rod is coaxially disposed on the connecting plate 2. The elastic element 2 is disposed between the connecting plate 2 and the driving element 1, and the elastic element 2 is configured to drive the connecting plate 2 to move away from the driving element 1. A limit component is provided on the connecting assembly. When the clamping assembly no longer clamps the long shaft part, the limit component limits the connecting plate 2.

2. The CNC machining tool for machining long shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine tool body is equipped with a sliding rail, and a sliding component is provided on the sliding rail. The sliding connecting component is located on the sliding component.

3. The CNC machining tool for machining long shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting assembly includes a limiting plate that slides radially along the connecting pipe and a second driving component that drives the limiting plate to slide. The limiting plate abuts against the second connecting plate to limit the position of the second connecting plate.

4. The CNC machining tool for machining long shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two sets of auxiliary components are provided on the sliding rail. The auxiliary components are respectively located close to the two sets of clamping components. When the clamping components are released, the auxiliary components are configured to radially clamp the long shaft parts.

5. The CNC machining tool for machining long shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The auxiliary component is slidably mounted on a sliding track to adjust its position according to the length of the long shaft part.

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