Compact type automatic adjusting device for empty and load of railway wagon

Abstract

The invention discloses a compact type automatic adjusting device for empty and load of a railway wagon, and aims to solve the problems of complex structure, large size and low reliability in the prior art. The device is mainly composed of an integrated empty and load vehicle adjusting valve, a flexible weight measuring signal transmission device and a compact weight measuring mechanism. Wherein the compact weight measuring mechanism detects the deformation of a bogie spring; the flexible device transmits the mechanical displacement signal; a pressure limiting valve part and a sensing valve part are integrated in the integrated adjusting valve and are communicated through a flow channel in a valve body, and a traditional external connecting pipeline is replaced. The sensing valve part receives mechanical signals and converts the mechanical signals into air pressure signals, and the pressure limiting valve part compares and adjusts the air pressure signals and finally outputs brake cylinder pressure matched with load. Through structure integration and function decoupling, the advantages of miniaturization, high reliability and easy arrangement and maintenance of the device are achieved, the structure is simplified, and the fault rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic empty / loaded car adjustment devices, and more specifically to a compact automatic empty / loaded railway freight car adjustment device. Background Technology

[0002] To ensure that the braking rate of railway vehicles remains essentially constant under different load conditions, automatic empty / loaded car adjustment devices are generally required. These devices typically determine the vehicle's load condition by measuring changes in the bogie's load or the deformation of the suspension springs, and adjust the braking force based on the measurement results to maintain a stable braking rate.

[0003] Currently, domestic railway freight cars mainly use the KZW-A type automatic empty / loaded car adjustment device (referred to as the KZW-A type adjustment device, such as...). Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this type of adjustment device consists of a pressure-limiting valve 7 and a weighing mechanism. The pressure-limiting valve 7 is connected to the brake valve 6, brake cylinder 3, pressure-reducing air cylinder 10, and sensing valve 9 via air lines. When the vehicle brakes, the pressure-limiting valve 7 receives compressed air from the brake valve 6 and simultaneously outputs it to the sensing valve 9 and brake cylinder 3 through its internal passage. The weighing mechanism consists of a suppression disc assembly 11 and the sensing valve 9. The suppression disc assembly 11 maintains constant contact with the bogie suspension measuring reference plate 12. When the vehicle load changes, causing the bogie suspension springs to deform, it moves up and down with the bogie suspension measuring reference plate 12, thereby changing the clearance distance between the suppression disc assembly 11 and the upper part of the sensing valve 9.

[0004] When the vehicle brakes, the piston inside the sensing valve 9 moves upward under the action of the compressed air from the brake cylinder output by the pressure limiting valve, pushing its contact rod to extend until it contacts the suppression disc assembly 11. According to the different piston displacement (i.e., the measurement result of the suppression disc assembly), part of the compressed air is diverted into the pressure-reducing air cylinder 10 connected to it through a pipeline. The pressure limiting valve balances the pressure of the pressure-reducing air cylinder 10, the output of the brake valve 6, and the pressure of the brake cylinder 3 through its internal piston diaphragm mechanism, so that the pressure of the brake cylinder 3 is the same as the output pressure of the brake valve when the vehicle is under heavy load, and is adjusted to a lower set value when the vehicle is unloaded, thereby realizing the adjustment of vehicle braking force under different load conditions.

[0005] However, the current KZW-A type adjustment device has three problems: First, the need for an air pipeline connection between the weighing mechanism and the pressure relief valve increases the product complexity and is prone to air leakage in the pipeline and joints, limiting product reliability; second, the weighing mechanism simultaneously measures the deformation of the bogie suspension spring and converts the measurement results into an air signal, thus its large size limits its layout flexibility and cannot be adapted to some models with limited body space; third, the current weighing mechanism is located between the car body and the bogie, and a crossbeam is added at the corresponding part of the bogie as a reference plate for bogie suspension measurement, making the overall vehicle structure more complex. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a compact automatic adjustment device for empty and loaded railway freight cars, which aims to solve the problems of complex structure, large size, inconvenient layout and insufficient reliability of the existing technology.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention proposes a compact automatic adjustment device for empty and loaded railway freight cars, comprising: An integrated empty / loaded vehicle adjustment valve, which integrates a pressure limiting valve and a sensing valve, wherein the sensing valve is equipped with a push rod for receiving mechanical displacement signals; A compact weighing mechanism is used to detect the deformation of the bogie suspension springs and output a mechanical displacement signal; A flexible weighing signal transmission device is connected between the compact weighing mechanism and the sensing valve push rod of the integrated empty and loaded vehicle adjustment valve to transmit the mechanical displacement signal. The control pressure chamber of the pressure limiting valve and the output signal pressure chamber of the sensing valve are directly connected through an internal flow channel opened inside the valve body.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the flexible weighing signal transmission device is one of a steel wire flexible shaft, a guide ball mechanism, or a hydraulic mechanism.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the flexible steel wire shaft includes a high-strength steel wire and a wear-resistant outer sheath, and the two ends of the high-strength steel wire are respectively provided with joints integrally connected thereto.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the valve body of the integrated empty and loaded vehicle adjustment valve is an integral casting or machined part, and its interior is divided by a partition to form a pressure limiting valve cavity that accommodates the pressure limiting valve part and a sensing valve cavity that accommodates the sensing valve part.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the sensing valve section includes: The valve chamber is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a piston. The upper chamber is connected to the pressure-reducing air cylinder through an internal flow channel, and the lower chamber is provided with an interface connected to the brake cylinder. The piston has a hollow portion equipped with the push rod and push rod spring; A sandwich valve is located at the valve port of the piston and its opening and closing are controlled by the movement of the push rod. It is used to control the connection and disconnection between the upper chamber and the lower chamber.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the upper end of the push rod serves as a signal receiving end, and its upward stroke is limited by an external mechanical signal, thereby controlling the opening of the sandwich valve and realizing the proportional diversion of some of the pressurized air in the lower chamber to the upper chamber.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the pressure relief valve includes: The diaphragm piston divides the valve interior into a first chamber and a second chamber that are airtight to each other. The first chamber is connected to an internal flow channel to introduce a sensing signal pressure, and the second chamber is connected to the output pressure of the brake valve and the feedback pressure of the brake cylinder. A pressure spring acts on one side of the diaphragm piston; The valve core is connected to the diaphragm piston and, as it moves, cooperates with the intake valve seat to regulate the pressure output to the brake cylinder.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of this application, it also includes a stop rod, which is a guide rod with one end connected to the flexible weighing signal transmission device and the other end acting on the push rod of the sensing valve, used to convert the mechanical displacement signal into a mechanical limit on the stroke of the push rod.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the compact weighing mechanism is a purely mechanical structure, and its housing is provided with a retractable contact, which is always in constant contact with the bogie suspension measuring reference plate.

[0016] The compact automatic empty / load adjustment device for railway freight cars provided by this invention has the following advantages: 1. It adopts a purely mechanical weighing mechanism, achieving miniaturization and high reliability, and can adapt to the needs of narrow spaces such as above the bogie side frame; 2. It adopts a flexible weighing signal transmission device, which realizes signal transmission while ensuring the convenience and adaptability of the structural layout; 3. It combines the pneumatic part (sensor valve) in the traditional weighing mechanism with the traditional pressure limiting valve to form an integrated empty / load adjustment valve, eliminating the air pipeline between the original weighing mechanism and the pressure limiting valve, simplifying the structure, improving reliability, and reducing the workload of operation, maintenance and repair.

[0017] In addition to the purposes, features, and advantages described above, this application has other purposes, features, and advantages. A further detailed description of this application will be provided below with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the KZW-A type automatic adjustment device for empty and loaded cars in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the KZW-A type automatic adjustment device for empty and loaded cars in the existing technology; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compact railway freight car automatic empty / loaded car adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the compact railway freight car automatic empty / loaded car adjustment device of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Train pipe; 2. Combined dust collector; 3. Brake cylinder; 4. Auxiliary air cylinder; 5. Acceleration and relief air cylinder; 6. Brake valve; 7. Pressure limiting valve; 8. Pressure limiting valve seat; 9. Sensor valve; 10. Pressure reducing air cylinder; 11. Suppression disc assembly; 12. Bogie suspension measurement reference plate; 21. Integrated empty and loaded car adjustment valve; 22. Flexible weighing signal transmission device; 23. Compact weighing mechanism; 211. Pressure limiting valve section; 212. Sensor valve section; 213. Stop bar section; 213a. Internal flow channel one; 213b. Internal flow channel two. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the compact automatic empty / loaded car adjustment device of the present invention mainly consists of three parts: an integrated empty / loaded car adjustment valve 21, a flexible weighing signal transmission device 22, and a compact weighing mechanism 23.

[0022] Specifically, the compact weighing mechanism 23 is mounted on the vehicle body. Inside its housing is a retractable contact that remains in constant contact with the bogie suspension measuring reference plate 12. When changes in vehicle load cause deformation of the bogie suspension springs, the contact of the weighing mechanism 23 moves synchronously up and down with the bogie suspension measuring reference plate 12, thereby accurately detecting and determining the amount of bogie suspension spring deformation (displacement signal). This mechanism employs a purely mechanical structure, achieving miniaturization and allowing for flexible placement in space-constrained areas such as above the bogie side frame.

[0023] The flexible weighing signal transmission device 22 transmits the detected mechanical displacement signal losslessly to the integrated empty / loaded car adjustment valve 21. Specifically, it consists of a flexible steel wire shaft (or a flexible displacement transmission method such as a guide ball bearing mechanism or a hydraulic mechanism) and connectors at both ends. The connectors at both ends are connected to the compact weighing mechanism 23 and the stop lever 213 of the integrated empty / loaded car adjustment valve 21, respectively. The deformation of the bogie suspension spring detected by the contacts of the compact weighing mechanism 23 is transmitted to the stop lever 213 of the integrated empty / loaded car adjustment valve 21, causing the stop lever to move up and down. This design ensures the reliability of signal transmission while providing a high degree of flexibility and adaptability to the overall layout.

[0024] The flexible weighing signal transmission device 22 has the same structure as a bicycle brake cable. The flexible steel wire shaft includes a high-strength steel wire and a wear-resistant outer sheath. Both ends of the high-strength steel wire are equipped with connectors that are integrally connected to it. One connector is connected to the stop part 213 of the integrated empty and heavy vehicle adjustment valve 21 by a pin, and the other connector is connected to the rear end of the contact of the compact weighing mechanism 23 by a pin.

[0025] The integrated empty / loaded vehicle adjustment valve 21 is connected to the vehicle's brake valve 6, brake cylinder 3, and pressure-reducing air cylinder 10 via an air pipeline. Its key improvement lies in integrating the functional modules of the original pressure-limiting valve and sensing valve 213b into a single valve body through internal flow channels 213a and 213a, completely eliminating the two external air pipelines connecting the pressure-limiting valve 7 and the sensing valve 9 in the original device.

[0026] The integrated empty / loaded vehicle adjustment valve 21 is mounted on the vehicle body and consists of a pressure limiting valve section 211, a sensing valve section 212, and a stop lever section 213. To achieve compactness and eliminate external piping, the integrated empty / loaded vehicle adjustment valve 21 uses a common valve body, which is internally separated into two relatively independent but closely related chambers by a partition or casting structure: a sensing valve chamber (corresponding to the sensing valve section 212) and a pressure limiting valve chamber (corresponding to the pressure limiting valve section 211).

[0027] The output signal pressure chamber of the sensing valve chamber is directly connected to the control pressure chamber of the pressure limiting valve chamber through a drilled hole or channel machined inside the valve body, completely replacing the traditional two external steel pipe joints and connecting pipelines. This is the core solution to leakage and simplification of structure.

[0028] The sensing valve section 212 is responsible for receiving mechanical displacement signals and converting them into pneumatic signals. Its specific structure includes: a cavity, a piston and push rod assembly, and a sandwich valve structure.

[0029] The sensor valve section 212 is mainly divided into an upper chamber (connected to the pressure-reducing cylinder 10) and a lower chamber (connected to the brake cylinder 3 under pressure), separated by a precision valve port. A piston is installed inside the chamber; the piston is hollow and contains a push rod spring. A push rod passes upward through the piston, its lower part serving as a signal receiving end, contacting or maintaining a slight gap with the stop rod section 213 from the flexible signal transmission device 22. The upward stroke of the push rod is mechanically limited by the position of the stop rod section (i.e., the load signal).

[0030] A sandwich valve (a type of rubber valve) is installed on the valve port of the piston, and its opening and closing are controlled by an internal spring or air pressure in the push rod. When the push rod rises to the contact stop part, it pushes the internal mechanism to open the sandwich valve, realizing the connection between the upper and lower chambers.

[0031] During braking, the pressure in the brake cylinder enters the upper chamber of the sensing valve, pushing the piston assembly upwards. The push rod extends until it is limited by the stop rod. The piston displacement determines the opening degree of the sandwich valve, thereby proportionally diverting a portion of the pressurized air to the pressure-reducing cylinder. Here, "sensing" completes the displacement-pressure conversion.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the pressure limiting valve 211 is responsible for the final balance and output of the brake cylinder pressure. Its core structure is a diaphragm piston pressure comparison and adjustment mechanism: diaphragm piston, valve core and valve seat, and pressure spring.

[0033] A large diaphragm or piston divides the cavity into upper and lower chambers. The upper chamber receives the pressure from the depressurization cylinder (i.e., the signal pressure transmitted from the sensing valve), while the lower chamber receives the output pressure from the brake cylinder and the input pressure from the brake valve.

[0034] The valve core is centrally connected to the diaphragm piston and mates with the intake valve seat. Under balanced conditions, the valve core is in the "pressure holding position," cutting off both intake and exhaust.

[0035] A pressure spring is provided on one side of the diaphragm piston to keep the valve core in the open position during the early stage of braking, so that the pressurized air from the brake valve enters the brake cylinder through the internal flow channel 213b of the pressure limiting valve section, ensuring that braking force is formed quickly.

[0036] The diaphragm piston compares the signal pressure from the pressure-reducing air cylinder, the output pressure from the brake valve, the feedback pressure from the brake cylinder, and the spring force. When the vehicle is loaded, the signal pressure is zero, and the diaphragm piston keeps the valve core open, resulting in a high output pressure. When the vehicle is unloaded, the high signal pressure causes the diaphragm piston to move, reducing the valve core opening until it closes, resulting in a lower, stable output pressure.

[0037] The stop lever 213 is no longer an independent component, but a guide rod that runs through or is located adjacent to the valve body. One end of it is connected to the flexible weighing signal transmission device 22 via a ball joint or universal joint, and the other end (or side) directly acts on the push rod of the sensing valve 212.

[0038] Displacement transmission path: Vehicle load change → displacement of the contact of the compact weighing mechanism 23 → transmission by the flexible device 22 → linear movement of the stop lever 213 → maximum extension stroke of the push rod of the sensing valve section is precisely limited.

[0039] To facilitate maintenance and status confirmation, an empty / load status indicator (such as a pressure gauge or a simple mechanical indicator) can be integrated into the valve body. This indicator can be directly connected to the key chamber of the pressure relief valve section to display the current brake cylinder pressure or empty / load status in real time.

[0040] In summary, the internal structure and working principle of the pressure limiting valve 211 and the sensing valve 212 in this application are the same as those of the pressure limiting valve 7 and the sensing valve 9 in the existing KZW-A type device, and they are jointly responsible for the logical control and balance of air pressure. The stop lever 213 functions similarly to the suppression disc assembly 11 in a conventional device, receiving displacement signals from the flexible weighing signal transmission device 22 and moving up and down accordingly, thereby changing the gap distance between it and the top of the sensing valve 212.

[0041] When the vehicle brakes, the compressed air output from the brake valve 6 enters the integrated empty / loaded vehicle adjustment valve 21. The piston of the sensing valve section 212 inside the valve moves upward under the action of air pressure, pushing its contact rod to extend. The extension stroke of the contact rod is limited by the position of the stop rod section 213, and the position of the stop rod section is determined by the load (spring deformation) signal transmitted in real time by the compact weighing mechanism 23 through the flexible signal transmission device 22.

[0042] Based on the different displacements of the contact rod, the sensing valve 212 will divert a corresponding proportion of compressed air to the pressure-reducing cylinder 10. The pressure-limiting valve 211, through its internal piston diaphragm mechanism, comprehensively balances the pressure of the pressure-reducing cylinder 10, the output pressure of the brake valve 6, and the pressure of the brake cylinder 3, and finally outputs a brake cylinder pressure that matches the vehicle's load condition: full pressure when the vehicle is loaded, and a reduced set pressure when the vehicle is unloaded, thereby realizing automatic adjustment of the braking force for unloaded and loaded vehicles.

[0043] Therefore, the compact automatic adjustment device for empty and loaded railway freight cars proposed in this invention significantly reduces the volume of the weighing mechanism by designing an independent bogie suspension spring deformation detection mechanism, thereby improving the convenience of flexible arrangement of the weighing mechanism in the overall car design. By designing a flexible weighing signal transmission mechanism, the sensing valve can be separated from the traditional weighing mechanism, realizing the technical route of merging it with the pressure limiting valve to form an integrated empty and loaded car adjustment valve. This eliminates the pipeline connection between the weighing mechanism and the pressure limiting valve of the KZW-A type adjustment device, which simplifies the product structure, improves product reliability, and reduces the workload of operation, maintenance and repair.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A compact automatic adjustment device for empty and loaded railway freight cars, characterized in that, include: An integrated empty / loaded vehicle adjustment valve (21) integrates a pressure limiting valve (211) and a sensing valve (212) inside. The sensing valve (212) is provided with a push rod for receiving mechanical displacement signals. A compact weighing mechanism (23) is used to detect the deformation of the bogie suspension springs and output a mechanical displacement signal; A flexible weighing signal transmission device (22) is connected between the top rod of the sensing valve section of the compact weighing mechanism (23) and the integrated empty and loaded vehicle adjustment valve (21) to transmit the mechanical displacement signal; The control pressure chamber of the pressure limiting valve (211) and the output signal pressure chamber of the sensing valve (212) are directly connected through an internal flow channel opened inside the valve body.

2. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible weighing signal transmission device (22) is one of a steel wire flexible shaft, a guide ball mechanism or a hydraulic mechanism.

3. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible steel wire shaft comprises high-strength steel wire and a wear-resistant outer sheath, with connectors integrally connected to both ends of the high-strength steel wire.

4. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body of the integrated empty and loaded vehicle adjustment valve (21) is an integral casting or machined part, and its interior is divided by a partition to form a pressure limiting valve cavity that accommodates the pressure limiting valve part (211) and a sensing valve cavity that accommodates the sensing valve part (212).

5. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The sensing valve section (212) includes: The valve chamber is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a piston. The upper chamber is connected to the pressure-reducing air cylinder (10) through an internal flow channel (213a), and the lower chamber is provided with an interface connected to the brake cylinder (3). The piston has a hollow portion equipped with the push rod and push rod spring; A sandwich valve is located at the valve port of the piston and its opening and closing are controlled by the movement of the push rod. It is used to control the connection and disconnection between the upper chamber and the lower chamber.

6. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper end of the push rod serves as a signal receiving end, and its upward stroke is limited by an external mechanical signal, thereby controlling the opening of the sandwich valve and proportionally diverting a portion of the pressurized air from the lower chamber to the upper chamber.

7. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief valve (211) includes: The diaphragm piston divides the valve interior into a first chamber and a second chamber that are airtight to each other. The first chamber is connected to an internal flow channel to introduce a sensing signal pressure, and the second chamber is connected to the output pressure of the brake valve and the feedback pressure of the brake cylinder. A pressure spring acts on one side of the diaphragm piston; The valve core is connected to the diaphragm piston and, as it moves, cooperates with the intake valve seat to regulate the pressure output to the brake cylinder.

8. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a stop rod (213), which is a guide rod with one end connected to the flexible weighing signal transmission device (22) and the other end acting on the push rod of the sensing valve section, used to convert the mechanical displacement signal into a mechanical limit on the stroke of the push rod.

9. The compact railway freight car automatic empty / load adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compact weighing mechanism (23) is a purely mechanical structure. Inside its housing is a retractable contact that is always in constant contact with the bogie suspension measuring reference plate (12).

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