Active control system for dismantling of arch bridge tie bar and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses an active control system for dismantling an arch bridge tie bar. The active control system comprises a partition plate, a pressure sensor, a concrete bearing block, an air bag and an inflation / deflation device. The clapboards are inserted among the tie bar groups to separate the tie bars; the pressure sensor is fixed to the partition plate and collects pressure data between the tie bar and the partition plate in real time. The concrete bearing block is arranged outside the tie bar, an inner cavity is reserved in the concrete bearing block to contain the air bag, and the space between the tie bar group and the inner wall of the concrete anchoring block is filled with the air bag; the air bag is connected with the air inflation / deflation device through an air conveying pipe, the air inflation / deflation device is used for achieving air inflation, pressure stabilization, air supplement and deflation control over the air bag, and the invention further discloses a using method of the system. The size and inflation parameters of the partition plate and the air bag can be flexibly adjusted according to the section shape, the tension force and the distribution density of the tie bar, and the device is suitable for dismantling operation of arch bridge tie bars of different types and scales.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of active control systems for removing tie rods of arch bridges. More specifically, this invention relates to an active control system for removing tie rods of arch bridges and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] Arch bridges, as classic long-span load-bearing structures, are widely used in transportation engineering due to their rational stress distribution and strong spanning capacity. Tie rods are the core load-bearing components of arch bridges, running through the arch ribs to balance horizontal thrust and transfer loads, and are crucial for ensuring structural balance and long-term stability. Tie rods are prone to multiple types of damage over long-term service: first, corrosion from complex environments leads to coating aging, steel corrosion, or concrete carbonization and cracking; second, repeated loads from increased traffic volume and load increases cause material fatigue and deterioration of mechanical properties; third, natural aging and degradation of materials such as steel and concrete; and fourth, sudden events such as earthquakes and collisions cause localized damage. When the performance of tie rods drops to the limit or serious damage occurs, they must be replaced promptly; otherwise, it may lead to major accidents such as arch rib instability and bridge collapse.

[0003] The mainstream approach to dismantling tie rods in arch bridges is a passive method of "sandbag ballast + direct cutting": first, sandbags are stacked to offset part of the tie rod tension through static friction, and then the tie rod is directly cut using an oxy-acetylene flame or a grinding wheel cutter. While this method is simple to operate and low-cost, it has several fatal flaws and fails to meet the requirements of "safety, controllability, precision, and efficiency": First, the load-bearing system is unreliable; the sandbags and tie rods are in flexible contact with uneven stress, making slippage easy, and the frictional force cannot be quantified, relying on experience and exhibiting high uncertainty. Second, the impact load is uncontrollable; the elastic potential energy is released rapidly at the moment the tie rod is cut, with the impact amplitude exceeding the sandbag's bearing capacity. Third, the safety risks are high; the impact can easily damage or even collapse the main structure, and can also cause sandbags to fly and the broken ends to rebound, threatening personal safety. Fourth, there is no monitoring or intervention during construction, and abnormal situations cannot be handled in a timely manner. Fifth, it is inefficient and labor-intensive; sandbag handling requires a large amount of manual labor, and high-altitude operations are risky and time-consuming. The core contradiction of the traditional method is the "release of the elastic potential energy of the high-tension tie rod and the uncontrollability of the passive load-bearing system," which has become a bottleneck in the industry. There is an urgent need for innovative technological solutions with functions such as active tension control, real-time status monitoring, and impact risk avoidance to ensure the safe, precise, and efficient implementation of demolition projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the invention, in one aspect, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides an active control system for the removal of tie rods in an arch bridge, comprising a partition, a pressure sensor, a concrete support block, an airbag, and an inflation / deflation device; the partition is inserted between the tie rod groups to separate the tie rods; the pressure sensor is fixed to the partition and collects pressure data between the tie rod and the partition in real time; the concrete support block is arranged outside the tie rod, and the concrete support block has a reserved inner cavity to accommodate the airbag, which fills the space between the tie rod group and the inner wall of the concrete anchor block; the airbag is connected to the inflation / deflation device through an air supply pipe, and the inflation / deflation device is used to control the inflation, pressure stabilization, air replenishment, and deflation of the airbag.

[0005] Preferably, the length of the partition is consistent with that of the concrete bearing block, and it is connected and fixed to the bridge deck or a fixed structure by temporary supports.

[0006] Preferably, the pressure sensor is mounted on the partition and located at the position where the partition contacts the tie rod.

[0007] Preferably, there are multiple partitions, and a partition is placed between two adjacent tie rods in the tie rod group to ensure that each tie rod is completely separated and there is no contact interference.

[0008] Preferably, the inflation / deflation device includes an air compressor, an electromagnetic proportional valve, a deflation valve, a PLC controller, and a data acquisition module. The data acquisition module is connected to the pressure sensor signal and receives pressure data between the rod and the airbag in real time. The PLC controller automatically triggers and controls the entire inflation, pressure stabilization, air replenishment, and deflation process based on the pressure data fed back by the data acquisition module. The PLC controller precisely adjusts the inflation rate and air replenishment volume through the electromagnetic proportional valve and precisely controls the deflation rate through the deflation valve.

[0009] On one hand, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for actively controlling the removal of tie rods on an arch bridge based on the system, comprising the following steps: S1. Slowly insert the partition into the tie rod group, ensuring that each tie rod is completely separated and there is no contact interference; after insertion, use temporary supports to firmly connect the partition to the bridge deck or bridge fixed structure. S2. Install pressure sensors on the contact surfaces of the partition and the tie rod and tighten them to ensure that the sensor sensing surface is in close contact with the tie rod surface without gaps. S3. Cast concrete bearing blocks outside the tie rod group to ensure that the cavity after molding is completely matched with the size of the airbag, so as to provide a stable rigid bearing foundation for the airbag. S4. Insert the airbag into the cavity inside the concrete support block, adjust the position of the airbag to ensure that it fits tightly against the inner wall of the cavity and the surface of the tie rod; connect the airbag to the inflation / deflation device; S5. Obtain the design tension of each tie rod through the design drawings, and correct the tension value of the damaged tie rod by combining the actual on-site test results; simulate the on-site construction environment in the laboratory and test the friction coefficient between the airbag and the tie rod surface; calculate the minimum positive pressure required for the airbag and the corresponding minimum inflation pressure based on the tie rod tension and the measured friction coefficient. S6. Inflate the airbag in stages at the set rate. When the pressure reaches the set threshold, stop inflation, record the baseline pressure value at this time, enter the pressure stabilization stage, adjust the air pressure, and maintain the pressure within the allowable range. S7. Record the pressure data during the pressure stabilization period regularly to generate a pressure change curve; S8. Cut the tie rod wire by wire in the order from the outside to the inside. During the cutting process, monitor the data fed back by the pressure sensor in real time. If the pressure drops beyond the set standard, stop cutting immediately, replenish the air bag with air, and continue cutting after the pressure returns to the set threshold. S9. After a single tie rod is cut, the airbag is slowly deflated and contracted at a preset rate by the inflation / deflation device. The tie rod gradually retracts during the airbag contraction process, so as to achieve a smooth release of tension. S10. After the gas in the airbag is completely released and it is confirmed that there is no risk of the tie rod rebounding or slipping, pull the cut tie rod out of the airbag and insert a steel rod of the same diameter as the tie rod into the empty space. S11. Repeat steps S5 to S10 to complete the cutting of all tie rods, and finally achieve the safe removal of all tie rods.

[0010] Preferably, step S7 further includes: checking whether the connection interface between the airbag and the inflation / deflation device and the cable connection status are reliable; if the pressure fluctuation exceeds the set threshold, check the cause one by one in the order of loose interface, damaged airbag, and sensor failure. If the interface is loose, tighten the nut in time. If the airbag is found to be damaged, replace it with a spare airbag and re-perform the airtightness test. If the sensor is faulty, replace it in time and recalibrate it. After the processing is completed, restart the inflation program to raise the pressure to the set threshold, and perform pressure stabilization monitoring again until the pressure stabilizes within the allowable range.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, if the pressure change rate is too fast during the venting process, the venting rate needs to be adjusted to be reduced or the venting needs to be stopped; if the displacement of the arch rib or pier is observed to exceed the standard, the operation needs to be stopped immediately and emergency reinforcement measures need to be taken.

[0012] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) Stable and reliable load bearing: The high-strength rubber composite material airbag is customized and forms full-surface contact with the tie rod and concrete block after inflation, resulting in uniform stress. The load bearing capacity can be accurately quantified by calculation, which completely solves the problem of unreliable load bearing of traditional solutions. (2) Impact-free safety guarantee: The airbag is slowly deflated by intelligent device control, and the tension of the tie rod is released smoothly, which completely avoids the instantaneous impact load in the traditional solution and ensures the safety of the main structure of the arch bridge and the construction personnel from the source; (3) The entire construction process is controllable: High-precision pressure sensors collect pressure data in real time and automatically alarm when pressure fluctuations exceed the standard. They can accurately replenish air or adjust the air release rate to achieve dynamic control of construction and reduce risks. (4) Excellent material performance: The airbag is made of composite material with high tensile strength, high coefficient of friction, wear resistance and aging resistance, suitable for complex construction environment, and can be reused many times; (5) High efficiency and convenient construction: No need for tedious stacking and disassembly of sandbags. The intelligent device realizes automated control of inflation, pressure stabilization and deflation, which greatly improves construction efficiency compared with traditional solutions and significantly reduces labor costs and labor intensity. (6) Wide adaptability: The size of the partition, airbag and inflation parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the cross-sectional shape of the tie rod, the magnitude of the tension force and the distribution density, so as to adapt to the dismantling of tie rods of different types and scales of arch bridges.

[0013] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is an elevation view of the active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge in this invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is an elevation view of the active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge in this invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inflation / deflation device in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0018] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0019] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0020] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0021] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an active control system for the removal of tie rods of an arch bridge, including a partition 1, a pressure sensor 2, a concrete support block 3, an airbag 4, and an inflation / deflation device 5; the partition 1 is inserted between the tie rods to separate each tie rod 6; the pressure sensor 2 is fixed on the partition 1 and collects pressure data between the tie rod 6 and the partition in real time; the concrete support block 3 is arranged outside the tie rod, and the concrete support block 3 has a reserved inner cavity to accommodate the airbag 4, the airbag 4 is filled between the tie rod group and the inner wall of the concrete anchor block; the airbag 4 is connected to the inflation / deflation device 5 through an air supply pipe 7, and the inflation / deflation device 5 is used to realize the inflation, pressure stabilization, air replenishment and deflation control of the airbag 4.

[0022] The above technical solution inflates the airbag 4 through the inflation / deflation device 5. After the airbag 4 expands, it forms full-surface contact with the tie rod and the inner wall of the concrete anchor block, generating positive pressure. This positive pressure balances the tension of the tie rod through friction, thus unloading the tie rod. The pressure sensor 2 collects the pressure data between the tie rod and the partition 1 in real time and transmits it to the data acquisition module through the shielded cable. The data acquisition module transmits the data to the PLC controller. The PLC controller analyzes and processes the pressure data. If the pressure is lower than the set value, it controls the electromagnetic proportional valve to open for inflation or replenishment. If the pressure is higher than the set value, it controls the deflation valve to open for depressurization, thereby realizing automated control of inflation, pressure stabilization, replenishment, and deflation, ensuring stable pressure during tie rod removal and avoiding impact loads.

[0023] In actual use, there are multiple active control systems for removing tie rods of arch bridges, which are distributed at intervals on the tie rods.

[0024] In another technical solution, the length of the partition 1 is consistent with that of the concrete bearing block 3, and it is connected and fixed to the bridge deck or fixed structure through temporary supports.

[0025] In the above technical solution, after the partition 1 is inserted into the tie rod group, it forms a stable connection system with the bridge deck or fixed structure through temporary support. The temporary support can withstand the horizontal and vertical forces on the partition 1, restrict the displacement and rotation of the partition, and ensure that the partition maintains a stable position during the removal of the tie rods. This avoids the pressure sensor 2 from shifting or tilting due to partition displacement, which would affect the accuracy of pressure data acquisition. At the same time, it ensures the separation between the tie rods and prevents mutual interference between the tie rods, providing a stable construction environment for subsequent processes such as airbag 4 inflation and tie rod cutting.

[0026] In another technical solution, the pressure sensor 2 is mounted on the partition 1 and located at the position where the partition 1 contacts the tie rod.

[0027] Pressure sensor 2 is installed at the contact point between the partition 1 and the tie rod. When the airbag 4 inflates and exerts positive pressure on the tie rod, the tie rod transmits the pressure to the partition 1. The sensing surface of pressure sensor 2 directly bears this pressure. The piezoelectric sensor converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the data acquisition module through a shielded cable. The data acquisition module amplifies and filters the electrical signal before transmitting it to the PLC controller. The PLC controller determines whether inflation, replenishment, or deflation is needed based on a preset pressure threshold, thereby achieving real-time monitoring and dynamic control of the tie rod pressure. Because the sensor is installed at the contact point and fits tightly, it can directly and accurately collect pressure data between the tie rod and the partition, providing a reliable guarantee for the precise control of the system.

[0028] In another technical solution, there are multiple partitions 1. A partition 1 is placed between two adjacent tie rods in the tie rod group to ensure that each tie rod is completely separated and free from contact interference. By placing partitions 1 between two adjacent tie rods, the rigid isolation effect of the partitions independently separates each tie rod in the tie rod group. This ensures that each tie rod only bears its own tension force and the positive pressure applied by the airbag 4 during dismantling, avoiding the transmission and interference of forces caused by contact between tie rods. When the airbag 4 inflates, the partitions can withstand the lateral force transmitted by the tie rods, preventing the tie rods from shifting towards adjacent tie rods and ensuring a stable and uniform contact area between the airbag 4 and the tie rods. During the cutting and retraction of the tie rods, the partitions can block the collision and friction between adjacent tie rods, preventing interference with other tie rods when the tie rods rebound, thus ensuring construction safety.

[0029] In another technical solution, the inflation / deflation device 5 includes an air compressor, an electromagnetic proportional valve, a deflation valve, a PLC controller, and a data acquisition module. The data acquisition module is connected to the pressure sensor 2 and receives pressure data between the rod and the airbag 4 in real time. The PLC controller automatically triggers and controls the entire inflation, pressure stabilization, air replenishment, and deflation process based on the pressure data fed back by the data acquisition module. The PLC controller precisely adjusts the inflation rate and air replenishment volume through the electromagnetic proportional valve and precisely controls the deflation rate through the deflation valve.

[0030] Another technical solution provides a method for actively controlling the removal of tie rods on an arch bridge based on the system, including the following steps: S1. Slowly insert the partition 1 into the tie rod group to ensure that each tie rod is completely separated and there is no contact interference; after insertion, use temporary supports to firmly connect the partition 1 to the bridge deck or bridge fixed structure. First, the surface of the tie rod group is pre-treated to remove rust, oil, and dust, ensuring the tie rod surface is flat, dry, and free of impurities that could affect diaphragm installation and pressure transmission. A diaphragm is placed between adjacent tie rods, and the insertion speed is controlled to avoid scratching the tie rod surface, ensuring that each tie rod is completely separated and free from contact interference. After insertion, temporary supports are constructed using steel pipes to securely connect the diaphragm to the bridge deck or fixed bridge structure. Both ends of the temporary supports are welded or bolted to the diaphragm and the fixed foundation, respectively, ensuring there is no risk of diaphragm displacement or tipping.

[0031] S2. Install pressure sensor 2 on the contact surface between partition 1 and tie rod and tighten it to ensure that the sensor sensing surface is in close contact with the tie rod surface without gaps. Mark the installation point at the contact position between the tie rod and the partition, place the pressure sensor 2 at the installation point and tighten it to ensure that the sensing surface is in close contact with the tie rod; calibrate each sensor after starting the equipment; test the signal transmission to ensure that the readings are accurate in real time, and save the parameters after calibration.

[0032] S3. Concrete bearing blocks 3 are poured outside the tie rod group to ensure that the dimensions of the formed cavity are perfectly matched with those of the airbag 4, providing a stable and rigid bearing foundation for the airbag 4. Based on the dimensions of the airbag 4, steel formwork is used to construct the pouring template. A release agent is evenly applied to the inside of the template for easy removal later. A cavity forming mold is installed inside the template, its dimensions perfectly matching those of the airbag 4. The mold is securely fixed with welding and bolts to prevent displacement during pouring.

[0033] S4. Insert the airbag 4 into the cavity inside the concrete support block 3, and adjust the position of the airbag 4 to ensure that it fits tightly against the inner wall of the cavity and the surface of the tie rod; connect the airbag 4 to the inflation / deflation device 5. S5. Obtain the design tension of each tie rod through the design drawings, and correct the tension value of the damaged tie rod by combining the actual test results on site; simulate the on-site construction environment in the laboratory and test the friction coefficient between the airbag 4 and the tie rod surface; calculate the minimum positive pressure required for the airbag 4 and the corresponding minimum inflation pressure based on the tie rod tension and the measured friction coefficient. S6. Inflate the airbag in stages 4 at the set rate. When the pressure reaches the set threshold, stop inflating, record the baseline pressure value at this time, enter the pressure stabilization stage, adjust the air pressure, and maintain the pressure within the allowable range. S7. Record the pressure data during the pressure stabilization period regularly to generate a pressure change curve; S8. Cut the tie rod wire by wire in the order from the outside to the inside. During the cutting process, monitor the data fed back by the pressure sensor 2 in real time. If the pressure drops beyond the set standard, stop cutting immediately, replenish air into the airbag 4, and continue cutting after the pressure returns to the set threshold. S9. After the single tie rod is cut, the airbag 4 is slowly deflated and contracted by the inflation / deflation device 5 at a preset rate. The tie rod gradually retracts during the contraction of the airbag 4, so as to achieve a smooth release of tension. S10. After the gas in the airbag 4 has been completely released and it is confirmed that there is no risk of the tie rod rebounding or slipping, the cut tie rod is pulled out of the airbag 4 and a steel rod of the same diameter as the tie rod is inserted into the empty space. S11. Repeat steps S5 to S10 to complete the cutting of all tie rods, and finally achieve the safe removal of all tie rods.

[0034] The above technical solution achieves safe dismantling under unloading conditions by balancing the tension of the tie rods with the positive pressure generated by the inflation of the customized airbag 4. The specific logic is as follows: First, the surface of the tie rods is cleaned and the tie rods are separated by a partition 1 to avoid mutual interference. At the same time, a pressure sensor 2 is installed to monitor the stress state in real time, providing data support for accurate unloading. Then, a rigid bearing foundation matching the size of the airbag 4 is poured to ensure the stability of the airbag 4 under expansion stress. A high-strength airbag 4 is customized according to the tie rod cross-section and its airtightness is tested to ensure no leakage risk during the unloading process. Based on the tie rod design tension and laboratory tests... The friction coefficient is obtained, and the minimum inflation pressure is calculated using the principle of static equilibrium. Intelligent inflation, pressure stabilization, and deflation parameters are set. During construction, the intelligent device is activated to uniformly inflate airbag 4 to the set pressure and stabilize it. Then, the tie rods are cut in the order of "outer side to inner side." During the cutting process, pressure stability is maintained by dynamic air replenishment to avoid sudden changes in tie rod tension. After a single tie rod is cut, airbag 4 is slowly deflated at a set rate to contract, allowing the tie rod to smoothly retract and release tension. Pressure monitoring and parameter control throughout the process ensure unloading safety. Finally, the relevant devices are removed, and the tie rods are hoisted. The process is repeated to complete all dismantling work. This solution achieves the smooth release of tie rod tension through a closed-loop design of "separated monitoring - rigid bearing - precise unloading - dynamic control," avoiding the impact risks of traditional dismantling methods.

[0035] In another technical solution, step S7 further includes: checking whether the connection interface between the airbag 4 and the inflation / deflation device 5, and the cable connection status are reliable; if pressure fluctuations exceed the set threshold, troubleshoot the cause one by one in the order of loose interface, damaged airbag 4, and sensor failure. If the interface is loose, tighten the nut in time. If the airbag 4 is found to be damaged, replace it with a spare airbag 4 and re-perform the airtightness test. If the sensor is faulty, replace it in time and recalibrate it. After the process is completed, restart the inflation program to raise the pressure to the set threshold, and perform pressure stabilization monitoring again until the pressure stabilizes within the allowable range.

[0036] The pressure stabilization stage is a crucial step in ensuring the safety of the tie rod cutting process. Stable pressure ensures that the frictional force generated by the airbag 4 continuously balances the tie rod tension. Loose connections or damage to the airbag 4 can lead to gas leakage, causing a drop in airbag 4 pressure and an inability to balance the tie rod tension. Sensor malfunctions can cause distorted pressure data acquisition, affecting the PLC controller's judgment and control. By inspecting the connection interfaces and cable connection status, potential leaks and signal transmission problems can be identified and addressed promptly. Investigating the causes of abnormalities in a reasonable order can improve problem-solving efficiency and avoid blind operation. Re-inflating and stabilizing the pressure after problem resolution ensures that the airbag 4 pressure returns to stability, laying the foundation for dynamic air replenishment during the tie rod cutting process and ensuring the safety and controllability of the tie rod removal operation.

[0037] In another technical solution, in step S1, if the pressure change rate is too rapid during the venting process, the venting rate needs to be adjusted to reduce or the venting process should be paused. If the displacement of the arch rib or pier exceeds the standard, work should be stopped immediately and emergency reinforcement measures should be taken. An excessively rapid venting rate will cause the airbag 4 to contract rapidly, preventing the tie rod tension from being released smoothly and in a timely manner, resulting in impact loads that may cause deformation of the main structure, such as the arch rib and pier. Excessive displacement of the arch rib and pier indicates structural stress imbalance; continued work may lead to structural damage or even collapse. By monitoring the pressure change rate, the problem of an excessively rapid venting rate can be detected in a timely manner. By adjusting the opening of the venting valve or pausing the venting, the pressure release speed can be controlled, allowing the tie rod tension to recoil smoothly. By monitoring the displacement of the arch rib and pier, the structural deformation status can be monitored in real time. If the displacement exceeds the standard, work should be stopped immediately and emergency reinforcement measures should be taken to prevent the structural deformation from expanding and to ensure structural safety and the personal safety of construction personnel.

[0038] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge, characterized in that, The device includes a partition, a pressure sensor, a concrete support block, an airbag, and an inflation / deflation device. The partition is inserted between the tie rods to separate them. The pressure sensor is fixed to the partition and collects pressure data between the tie rod and the partition in real time. The concrete support block is arranged outside the tie rod and has a reserved inner cavity to accommodate the airbag, which fills the space between the tie rod group and the inner wall of the concrete anchor block. The airbag is connected to the inflation / deflation device through an air supply pipe, and the inflation / deflation device is used to control the inflation, pressure stabilization, air replenishment, and deflation of the airbag.

2. The active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the partition is consistent with that of the concrete bearing block, and it is connected and fixed to the bridge deck or fixed structure through temporary supports.

3. The active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor is mounted on the partition and is located at the position where the partition contacts the tie rod.

4. The active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple partitions. A partition is placed between two adjacent tie rods in the tie rod group to ensure that each tie rod is completely separated and there is no contact interference.

5. The active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflation / deflation device includes an air compressor, an electromagnetic proportional valve, a deflation valve, a PLC controller, and a data acquisition module. The data acquisition module is connected to the pressure sensor signal and receives pressure data between the rod and the airbag in real time. The PLC controller controls inflation, pressure stabilization, air replenishment, and deflation based on the pressure data fed back by the data acquisition module.

6. A method of using the active control system for removing tie rods of an arch bridge according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Slowly insert the partition into the tie rod group, ensuring that each tie rod is completely separated and there is no contact interference; after insertion, use temporary supports to firmly connect the partition to the bridge deck or bridge fixed structure. S2. Install pressure sensors on the contact surfaces of the partition and the tie rod and tighten them to ensure that the sensor sensing surface is in close contact with the tie rod surface without gaps. S3. Cast concrete bearing blocks outside the tie rod group to ensure that the cavity after molding is completely matched with the size of the airbag, so as to provide a stable rigid bearing foundation for the airbag. S4. Insert the airbag into the cavity inside the concrete support block, adjust the position of the airbag to ensure that it fits tightly against the inner wall of the cavity and the surface of the tie rod; connect the airbag to the inflation / deflation device; S5. Obtain the design tension of each tie rod through the design drawings, and correct the tension value of the damaged tie rod by combining the actual on-site test results; simulate the on-site construction environment in the laboratory and test the friction coefficient between the airbag and the tie rod surface; calculate the minimum positive pressure required for the airbag and the corresponding minimum inflation pressure based on the tie rod tension and the measured friction coefficient. S6. Inflate the airbag in stages at the set rate. When the pressure reaches the set threshold, stop inflation, record the baseline pressure value at this time, enter the pressure stabilization stage, adjust the air pressure, and maintain the pressure within the allowable range. S7. Record the pressure data during the pressure stabilization period regularly to generate a pressure change curve; S8. Cut the tie rod wire by wire in the order from the outside to the inside. During the cutting process, monitor the data fed back by the pressure sensor in real time. If the pressure drops beyond the set standard, stop cutting immediately, replenish the air bag with air, and continue cutting after the pressure returns to the set threshold. S9. After a single tie rod is cut, the airbag is slowly deflated and contracted at a preset rate by the inflation / deflation device. The tie rod gradually retracts during the airbag contraction process, so as to achieve a smooth release of tension. S10. After the gas in the airbag is completely released and it is confirmed that there is no risk of the tie rod rebounding or slipping, pull the cut tie rod out of the airbag and insert a steel rod of the same diameter as the tie rod into the empty space. S11. Repeat steps S5 to S10 to complete the cutting of all tie rods, and finally achieve the safe removal of all tie rods.

7. The method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S7 also includes: checking whether the connection interface between the airbag and the inflation / deflation device and the cable connection status are reliable; if the pressure fluctuation exceeds the set threshold, check the cause one by one in the order of loose interface, damaged airbag, and sensor failure. If the interface is loose, tighten the nut in time. If the airbag is found to be damaged, replace it with a spare airbag and re-perform the airtightness test. If the sensor is faulty, replace it in time and recalibrate it. After the processing is completed, restart the inflation program to raise the pressure to the set threshold, and perform pressure stabilization monitoring again until the pressure stabilizes within the allowable range.

8. The method of use according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, if the pressure change rate is too fast during the venting process, the venting rate needs to be adjusted to be reduced or the venting needs to be stopped; if the displacement of the arch rib or pier is observed to exceed the standard, the operation needs to be stopped immediately and emergency reinforcement measures need to be taken.

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