Device and method for converting variable collision external force into definite controllable external force

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for converting variable collision external force into clear and controllable external force, and relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering and safety protection, and the device comprises a supporting structure, a collided component, an energy absorption component, a guiding structure and a synchronizing mechanism. Through the synergistic effect of the guide structure and the synchronizing mechanism, the collision external force which is concentrated and possibly generates torque is converted into linear thrust which is determined in direction and uniformly distributed, so that the energy absorption component can effectively absorb and consume impact energy to the maximum extent, and the reliability and safety of the whole protection system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical fields of mechanical engineering and safety protection, and in particular to a device and method for converting varying collision forces into definite and controllable forces. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of mechanical engineering and safety protection, especially in applications involving large-scale collision avoidance systems such as vehicles, guided rail transportation, and dock protection, the crash beam (i.e., the impact-bearing component) is a key component that withstands the initial impact of a collision. In existing technologies, traditional collision avoidance systems typically connect the crash beam directly to the energy-absorbing components at the rear end (such as crumple zones, dampers, etc.) via simple rigid supports or guiding mechanisms. When a central collision occurs, the impact force can be relatively evenly transmitted to the energy-absorbing components at the rear end, causing them to crumple or deform as designed, thereby effectively absorbing energy.

[0003] However, in practical applications, collision events are highly uncertain. The impact point may be located at the center of the crash beam or on either side, resulting in an eccentric collision. Once an eccentric collision occurs, the load on both sides of the crash beam will instantly become significantly different. This uneven stress will cause the crash beam to generate a torsional moment, leading to rotation or severe collapse on one side. This torsion and asymmetrical deformation prevents the rear energy-absorbing components from being activated simultaneously and uniformly. Some energy-absorbing components fail to reach their energy-absorbing potential due to insufficient compression, while others fail prematurely due to overload, reducing the system's energy absorption efficiency. Moreover, huge lateral stresses will be generated between the crash beam and the guide mechanism, causing movement to be hindered and even causing structural failure of the entire protective system, rendering it unable to provide the intended protection.

[0004] Therefore, how to reliably and stably convert the uncertain and changing eccentric impact force, especially the one that may cause structural torsion, into a linear thrust with a clear direction and uniform distribution, so as to ensure that the energy absorption system at the back end can work efficiently and collaboratively, absorb impact energy to the maximum extent, and improve the reliability and safety of protection, has become a technical problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a device and method for converting varying collision forces into definite and controllable forces.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a device for converting a changing collision force into a definite and controllable force, employing the following technical solution: A device for converting varying collision forces into definite and controllable forces, comprising: Support structure; Impact-bearing components are installed at the front end of the supporting structure to withstand the direct impact force during a collision. Energy-absorbing components are installed on the supporting structure to absorb and dissipate the impact energy generated when the impacted component is hit. A guide structure, mounted on a support structure and connected to the impacted component, is used to guide the movement direction of the impacted component when it is hit. A synchronization mechanism is located at the rear end of the impacted component and is connected to both the impacted component and the supporting structure. It is used to balance the deformation and displacement of the impacted component at various positions when it is impacted.

[0007] Optionally, the guide structure includes: Side beams are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the supporting structure, and the length directions of the two side beams are parallel. A guide rail is fixedly mounted on the side beam and is installed along the length of the side beam; Axle boxes are fixedly installed at both ends of the impacted component; Multiple guide wheels are rotatably mounted on the axle box, and the guide wheels are rolled on the guide rails on the corresponding sides.

[0008] Optionally, a plurality of rollers are rotatably disposed within the guide rail and above each guide wheel, and each roller is distributed along the length direction of the guide rail and is used for rolling connection with the guide wheel.

[0009] Optionally, damping blocks are slidably disposed within the guide rail and between adjacent rollers, and elastic elements are respectively disposed on the guide rail for driving each damping block to slide towards the guide wheel.

[0010] Optionally, the bottom end face of the damping block is set in an arc shape, and under the elastic force of the elastic element, the bottom end of the damping block is lower than the plane where the bottom of the two rollers are located.

[0011] Optionally, the synchronization mechanism includes at least two sets of synchronization link assemblies. Each set of synchronization link assemblies includes a first link and a second link. The ends of the first link and the second link are hinged to each other. The first link is hinged to the impacted component, and the second link is hinged to the support structure. The first link and the second link of each group of synchronous link assemblies are parallel to each other, and the hinge ends of the first link and the second link of each group of synchronous link assemblies are hinged together with a synchronous shaft.

[0012] Optionally, a telescopic rod is slidably provided at the end of the synchronous shaft along the length direction of the synchronous shaft, and a guide slider is fixedly provided on the telescopic rod. The guide slider is adapted to the guide rail and is slidably provided on the guide rail.

[0013] Optionally, the energy-absorbing component includes at least two sets of energy-absorbing units. Each energy-absorbing unit includes an energy-dissipating sleeve fixedly mounted on the support structure and a conductive column slidably inserted inside the energy-dissipating sleeve. The conductive column is connected to the impacted component via a ball joint or universal joint. The energy-dissipating sleeve is provided with a collapsible metal material, and the collapsible metal material adopts a honeycomb structure or a corrugated tube structure.

[0014] Optionally, the side wall of the energy dissipation sleeve is provided with a maintenance port for replacing the collapsible metal material, and the energy dissipation sleeve is also provided with a sealing cover for closing the maintenance port, and the sealing cover is fixed to the energy dissipation sleeve by bolts.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a conversion method for a device that converts a changing collision force into a definite and controllable external force, employing the following technical solution: A conversion method for a device that converts a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force includes the following steps: S1. The impact force during a collision is absorbed by the impacted component; S2. After the impacted component is hit, the guide structure guides the entire impacted component to move in a specific direction; S3. During the impact and movement of the impacted component, the deformation and displacement of the impacted component at various positions are balanced by the synchronization mechanism. The concentrated impact force that may generate torque is converted into a linear thrust with a definite direction and uniform distribution, which facilitates the energy-absorbing component to absorb and consume the impact energy.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application, through the synergistic action of a guiding structure and a synchronization mechanism, converts concentrated impact forces that may generate torque into linear thrust with a defined direction and uniform distribution. This allows the energy-absorbing component to effectively and maximally absorb and dissipate impact energy, improving the reliability and safety of the entire protection system. Specifically, after the impacted component receives the initial impact, the guiding structure constrains its movement to a predetermined direction, preventing lateral deflection and rotation, and ensuring that the direction of impact force transmission remains controllable. The synchronization mechanism can balance the deformation and displacement of the impacted component at various positions in real time, thereby converting the potential torque into a uniformly distributed linear force, effectively avoiding the risk of overall system failure due to deflection and jamming of the impacted component.

[0017] 2. This application uses a synchronization mechanism composed of multiple sets of synchronization link assemblies, with the ends of the first and second links of the synchronization link assemblies hinged to each other. The first link is hinged to the impacted component, and the second link is hinged to the support structure. The first and second links are parallel to each other, and their hinged ends are all hinged to the synchronization shaft, forming a parallelogram structure. According to the geometric characteristics of a parallelogram, its opposite sides always remain parallel. Therefore, regardless of the initial impact point, the impacted component, guided by the guide structure and under the synergistic action of each set of synchronization link assemblies, always moves in a specific direction, thereby converting the concentrated impact force that may generate torque into a linear thrust that acts on the entire energy-absorbing component and is uniformly distributed. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the guiding structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide rail structure used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the synchronous shaft used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the energy absorption unit used in the embodiments of this application.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Support structure; 2. Impact-bearing component; 3. Energy-absorbing component; 31. Energy-absorbing unit; 311. Energy-dissipating sleeve; 312. Conducting column; 313. Collapsible metal material; 314. Maintenance port; 315. Sealing cover; 4. Guide structure; 41. Side beam; 42. Guide slide rail; 421. Roller; 422. Vibration damping block; 423. Elastic element; 43. Axle box; 44. Guide wheel; 5. Synchronization mechanism; 51. Synchronization linkage assembly; 511. First linkage; 512. Second linkage; 52. Synchronization shaft; 521. Telescopic rod; 522. Guide slider. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following will be combined with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 5 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described herein. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention and not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] This application mainly adopts a guiding and synchronizing mechanism to coordinate the conversion of collision external force, thereby achieving the effect of stably converting the eccentric collision external force into linear thrust and improving energy absorption efficiency. The following is a further detailed description of this application.

[0022] This application discloses a device for converting a changing collision force into a definite and controllable force. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The device includes a support structure 1, a collision-bearing component 2, an energy-absorbing component 3, a guide structure 4, and a synchronization mechanism 5. The collision-bearing component 2 withstands the direct impact force during a collision. The guide structure 4 guides the movement of the collision-bearing component 2 upon impact. The synchronization mechanism 5 balances the deformation and displacement of the collision-bearing component 2 at various positions during impact. The energy-absorbing component 3 absorbs and dissipates the impact energy generated by the collision-bearing component 2. This structural arrangement enables the device to reliably and stably convert the uncertain and variable eccentric collision force into a linear thrust with a clear direction and uniform distribution. This ensures that the energy-absorbing component 3 at the rear end can effectively and maximally absorb and dissipate the impact energy, improving the reliability and safety of the protection.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 The support structure 1 is the foundation of the entire device, providing a platform for the installation and support of other components. Support structure 1 can be a high-strength metal frame, such as a steel frame, which has good rigidity and stability and can withstand significant impact forces. The shape and dimensions of support structure 1 can be designed according to specific application scenarios and requirements.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 The impact-bearing component 2 is installed at the front end of the supporting structure 1 and directly bears the impact force during a collision. The impact-bearing component 2 can be a crash beam, typically made of high-strength metal materials such as high-strength steel or aluminum alloy. The surface of the crash beam can undergo special treatments, such as galvanizing or spraying with anti-corrosion paint, to improve its corrosion resistance. The shape of the crash beam can be designed according to actual needs; for example, it can be designed as an arc or trapezoid to better disperse the impact force.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The guide structure 4 includes side beams 41 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support structure 1, guide rails 42 fixedly mounted on the side beams 41, axle boxes 43 fixedly mounted on both ends of the impact member 2, and multiple guide wheels 44 rotatably mounted on the axle boxes 43. The side beams 41 are parallel in length, providing support for the guide rails 42. The side beams 41 can be made of channel steel or I-beams, possessing high strength and rigidity. The guide rails 42 are arranged along the length of the side beams 41, providing a track for the guide wheels 44 to roll. The guide rails 42 can be made of high-strength steel, with a precision-machined surface to ensure smooth rolling of the guide wheels 44. The axle boxes 43 are fixed to both ends of the impact member 2 and are used to mount the guide wheels 44. The axle boxes 43 can be made of cast iron or cast steel, possessing good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The guide wheel 44 is rolled on the guide rail 42 on the corresponding side, guiding the impacted component 2 to move in a specific direction when impacted, preventing the impacted component 2 from shaking or deviating randomly during the collision, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of its movement direction. The guide wheel 44 can be made of rubber or steel. Rubber wheels have better cushioning performance, while steel wheels have higher wear resistance.

[0026] Reference Figure 3 Multiple rollers 421 are rotatably disposed within the guide rail 42 and above each guide wheel 44. These rollers 421 are distributed along the length of the guide rail 42 and are used for rolling connection with the guide wheels 44. The rollers 421 can be made of bearing steel, and their surfaces are hardened to improve their hardness and wear resistance. The arrangement of the rollers 421 allows the guide wheels 44 to fit more tightly into the track grooves of the guide rail 42, ensuring a more stable contact between the guide wheels 44 and the guide rail 42. This effectively restricts the degrees of freedom of the impacted component 2 in its initial state, preventing overall deflection of the impacted component 2 and ensuring that the impacted component 2 maintains the correct posture during subsequent operation, avoiding uneven force distribution or jamming caused by initial deflection. Furthermore, during the movement of the impacted component 2, the rolling contact between the guide wheels 44 and the rollers 421 effectively reduces motion resistance, ensuring guiding sensitivity and system response speed.

[0027] Reference Figure 3 Vibration damping blocks 422 are slidably disposed within the guide rail 42 and between adjacent rollers 421. Each guide rail 42 is equipped with an elastic element 423 for driving each vibration damping block 422 to slide towards the guide wheel 44. The vibration damping blocks 422 can be made of metal or plastic and have good structural strength. The elastic element 423 can be a spring or a rubber pad. When the guide wheel 44 passes between adjacent rollers 421, the vibration damping blocks 422, under the action of the elastic element 423, provide a downward elastic pressing force to the guide wheel 44, allowing the guide wheel 44 to transition more smoothly through the gap between adjacent rollers 421, thereby improving the overall motion stability of the impacted component 2.

[0028] Reference Figure 3 Furthermore, the bottom end face of the damping block 422 is set in an arc shape, and under the elastic force of the elastic element 423, the bottom end of the damping block 422 is lower than the plane where the bottom of the rollers 421 on both sides are located. Through this design, a raised arc-shaped contact surface is formed between adjacent rollers 421. When the guide wheel 44 contacts the damping block 422, the raised arc-shaped contact surface at the bottom of the damping block 422 provides a certain elastic buffer resistance to the guide wheel 44, weakening the impact force when the impacted component 2 is hit, thereby effectively sharing the energy absorption and energy dissipation pressure of the energy-absorbing component 3, and further improving the stability and reliability of the device operation.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 The synchronization mechanism 5 includes at least two sets of synchronization link assemblies 51. Each set of synchronization link assemblies 51 includes a first link 511 and a second link 512. The ends of the first link 511 and the second link 512 are hinged to each other. The first link 511 is hinged to the impact member 2, and the second link 512 is hinged to the support structure 1. The first link 511 and the second link 512 of each set of synchronization link assemblies 51 on the same side are parallel to each other and have equal lengths. The hinged ends of the first link 511 and the second link 512 of each set of synchronization link assemblies on the same side are hinged together to a synchronization shaft 52. The first link 511 and the second link 512 can be made of high-strength steel, which has high strength and rigidity. By assembling the synchronization mechanism 5 into multiple sets of synchronization link assemblies 51, with the ends of the first link 511 and the second link 512 of the synchronization link assembly 51 hinged to each other, the first link 511 is hinged to the impact member 2, and the second link 512 is hinged to the support structure 1, and each of the first link 511 and the second link 512 is parallel to each other, with their hinged ends all hinged to the synchronization shaft 52, forming a parallelogram structure. According to the geometric characteristics of the parallelogram, its opposite sides always remain parallel. Therefore, regardless of the initial impact point, the impact member 2, under the guidance of the guide structure 4 and the synergistic action of each set of synchronization link assemblies 51, always moves in a specific direction, thereby converting the concentrated collision force that may generate torque into a linear thrust that acts on the entire energy-absorbing member 3 and is uniformly distributed.

[0030] Reference Figure 4A telescopic rod 521 is slidably mounted on the end of the synchronous shaft 52 along its length. A guide slider 522 is fixedly mounted on the telescopic rod 521. The guide slider 522 is adapted to the guide rail 42 and slidably mounted on the guide rail 42. The telescopic rod 521 can adopt a multi-stage telescopic structure to adapt to different stroke requirements. The guide slider 522 allows the synchronous shaft 52 to slide on the guide rail 42, ensuring smooth movement of the synchronization mechanism 5. The sliding cooperation between the telescopic rod 521 and the guide rail 42 further enhances the overall stability and anti-eccentric load capacity of the synchronization mechanism 5.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The energy-absorbing component 3 includes at least two sets of energy-absorbing units 31. Each energy-absorbing unit 31 includes an energy-dissipating sleeve 311 fixedly mounted on the supporting structure 1 and a conductive column 312 slidably inserted within the energy-dissipating sleeve 311. The conductive column 312 is connected to the impacted component 2 via a ball joint or universal joint. The energy-dissipating sleeve 311 contains a collapsible metal material 313, which may have a honeycomb or corrugated tube structure. The energy-dissipating sleeve 311 can be made of high-strength steel, and its length is parallel to the length of the sliding guide rail 42. The internal space of the energy-dissipating sleeve 311 is used to accommodate the collapsible metal material 313. The conductive column 312 can be a solid or hollow column, with appropriate materials and dimensions selected according to actual needs. The ball joint or universal joint allows the conductive column 312 to flexibly transmit force, ensuring that the energy-absorbing unit 31 can effectively absorb energy. The collapsible metal material 313, with its honeycomb or corrugated tube structure, has excellent energy absorption performance. When subjected to impact, the collapsible metal material 313 will collapse or deform, thereby absorbing and dissipating the impact energy.

[0032] Reference Figure 5 The energy dissipation sleeve 311 has a maintenance port 314 on its side wall for replacing the collapsible metal material 313, and a sealing cover 315 for closing the maintenance port 314 is also provided on the energy dissipation sleeve 311. The sealing cover 315 is fixed to the energy dissipation sleeve 311 by bolts. This design facilitates the replacement and maintenance of the collapsible metal material 313, and improves the service life and maintainability of the device.

[0033] The implementation principle of the device for converting variable collision forces into definite and controllable external forces according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: The device, through the coordinated action of the guide structure 4 and the synchronization mechanism 5, converts concentrated collision forces that may generate torque into linear thrusts with a defined direction and uniform distribution. The guide structure 4 guides the movement direction of the impacted component 2, preventing torsion and asymmetrical deformation of the impacted component 2 during collision. The synchronization mechanism 5 balances the deformation and displacement at various positions of the impacted component 2, enabling the energy-absorbing component 3 to be activated simultaneously and uniformly, thus improving the energy absorption efficiency of the system. The energy-absorbing component 3 absorbs and dissipates impact energy through the collapse or deformation of the collapsible metal material 313, further improving the reliability and safety of the protection. Compared with the prior art, this device can effectively solve the problems caused by eccentric collisions, ensuring that the downstream energy-absorbing system works efficiently and collaboratively, maximizing the absorption of impact energy.

[0034] This application also discloses a conversion method for a device that converts a changing collision force into a definite and controllable force, including the following steps: S1, the impact-bearing component 2 absorbs the direct impact force during the collision. Impact-bearing component 2 is typically a crash beam, made of high-strength metal materials such as high-strength steel or aluminum alloy, capable of withstanding significant impact forces. During a collision, the crash beam directly contacts the impacting object, transferring the impact force to subsequent components.

[0035] S2, after being impacted, the impacted component 2 is guided to move in a specific direction by the guide structure 4. The guide structure 4 includes a side beam 41, a guide rail 42, an axle box 43, and guide wheels 44. The side beams 41 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support structure 1 to provide support for the guide rail 42. The guide rail 42 is arranged along the length of the side beams 41, and the guide wheels 44 are rolled on the guide rail 42 to guide the impacted component 2 to move along the direction of the guide rail 42, preventing the impacted component 2 from shaking or deviating randomly during the collision.

[0036] S3, during the impact and movement of the impacted component 2, the deformation and displacement of the impacted component 2 at various positions are balanced by the synchronization mechanism 5. This converts the concentrated impact force, which may generate torque, into a linear thrust with a defined direction and uniform distribution, facilitating the absorption component 3 to absorb and dissipate the impact energy. The synchronization mechanism 5 includes a synchronization link assembly 51, a synchronization shaft 52, a telescopic rod 521, and a guide slider 522. The synchronization link assembly 51 forms a parallelogram structure. Regardless of the initial impact point, the impacted component 2, guided by the guide structure 4 and through the coordinated action of each synchronization link assembly 51, always moves in a specific direction, converting the impact force into a uniformly distributed linear thrust. The energy-absorbing component 3 includes an energy-dissipating sleeve 311, a transmission column 312, and a collapsible metal material 313. The transmission column 312 transmits the linear thrust to the collapsible metal material 313 inside the energy-dissipating sleeve 311. The collapsible metal material 313 collapses or deforms, absorbing and dissipating the impact energy.

[0037] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A device for converting varying collision forces into definite and controllable external forces, characterized in that, include: Support structure (1); The impact-bearing component (2) is installed at the front end of the support structure (1) to withstand the direct impact force during a collision; Energy-absorbing component (3) is installed on the support structure (1) to absorb and consume the impact energy generated when the impacted component (2) is hit; A guide structure (4) is provided on the support structure (1) and connected to the impact member (2) to guide the movement direction of the impact member (2) when it is impacted; The synchronization mechanism (5) is located at the rear end of the impacted component (2) and is connected to the impacted component (2) and the support structure (1) respectively. It is used to balance the deformation and displacement of the impacted component (2) at each position when it is impacted.

2. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide structure (4) includes: Side beams (41) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support structure (1), and the length directions of the two side beams (41) are parallel; A guide rail (42) is fixedly mounted on the side beam (41) and is provided along the length of the side beam (41); Axle boxes (43) are fixedly installed at both ends of the impact-bearing component (2); Multiple guide wheels (44) are rotatably mounted on the axle box (43), and the guide wheels (44) are rolled on the guide rail (42) on the corresponding side.

3. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple rollers (421) are rotatably arranged inside the guide rail (42) and above each guide wheel (44). Each roller (421) is distributed along the length direction of the guide rail (42) and is used to rollly connect with the guide wheel (44).

4. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 3, characterized in that: Vibration damping blocks (422) are slidably arranged inside the guide slide rail (42) and between adjacent rollers (421). Each guide slide rail (42) is provided with an elastic element (423) for driving each vibration damping block (422) to slide towards the guide wheel (44).

5. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom end face of the damping block (422) is set in an arc shape, and under the elastic force of the elastic member (423), the bottom end of the damping block (422) is lower than the plane where the bottom of the two rollers (421) is located.

6. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 2, characterized in that: The synchronization mechanism (5) includes at least two sets of synchronization link assemblies (51). Each set of synchronization link assemblies (51) includes a first link (511) and a second link (512). The ends of the first link (511) and the second link (512) are hinged to each other. The first link (511) is hinged to the impact member (2), and the second link (512) is hinged to the support structure (1). The first link (511) and the second link (512) of each group of synchronous link assemblies (51) are parallel to each other, and the hinge ends of the first link (511) and the second link (512) of each group of synchronous link assemblies (51) are hinged together with a synchronous shaft (52).

7. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ends of the synchronous shaft (52) are slidably provided with telescopic rods (521) along the length direction of the synchronous shaft (52). A guide slider (522) is fixedly provided on the telescopic rod (521). The guide slider (522) is adapted to the guide rail (42) and is slidably provided on the guide rail (42).

8. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing component (3) includes at least two sets of energy-absorbing units (31). Each energy-absorbing unit (31) includes an energy-dissipating sleeve (311) fixedly mounted on the support structure (1) and a conductive column (312) slidably inserted in the energy-dissipating sleeve (311). The conductive column (312) is connected to the impacted component (2) via a ball joint or universal joint. The energy-dissipating sleeve (311) is provided with a collapsible metal material (313), and the collapsible metal material (313) adopts a honeycomb structure or a corrugated tube structure.

9. The device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side wall of the energy dissipation sleeve (311) is provided with a maintenance port (314) for replacing the collapsible metal material (313), and the energy dissipation sleeve (311) is also provided with a sealing cover (315) for closing the maintenance port (314), and the sealing cover (315) is fixed to the energy dissipation sleeve (311) by bolts.

10. A conversion method based on the device for converting a variable collision force into a definite and controllable force according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, The impact component (2) bears the direct impact force during the collision; S2. After the impacted component (2) is impacted, the guide structure (4) guides the entire impacted component (2) to move in a specific direction. S3. During the impact and movement process, the impacted component (2) balances the deformation and displacement of the impacted component (2) at each position when it is impacted by the synchronization mechanism (5), and converts the concentrated impact force that may generate torque into a linear thrust with a definite direction and uniform distribution, so that the energy-absorbing component (3) can absorb and consume the impact energy.

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