Medium-length hole rock drilling side ore removal subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined thick and large ore body

Abstract

The invention discloses a medium-length hole rock drilling side ore removal subsequent filling mining method suitable for a gentle dip thick and large ore body. The method is suitable for stoping of the gentle dip thick and large ore body with medium stability and above and unstable surrounding rock. The ore body is stoped in sections from bottom to top, the sections are divided into panels, stopes in the panels are divided into an access stope and a plurality of medium-length hole stopes perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, the access stope is arranged in the middle of the panels along the trend of the ore body, and the medium-length hole stopes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the access stope. During stoping of the stopes in the panel, stoping is conducted from the two sides of the panel to the middle position, stoping is conducted synchronously on the two symmetrical medium-length hole stopes on the two sides, finally, the middle drift stopes are stoped, and stoping is conducted on the hanging wall triangular ore zones of the medium-length hole stopes and the drift stopes through the drift method at the same time. The method has the advantages of safety in stoping operation, high production capacity, high efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground mining, and specifically relates to a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method suitable for gently dipping thick ore bodies. It is particularly suitable for the mining of gently dipping thick ore bodies with moderately stable or more stable ore bodies and unstable hanging wall. Background Technology

[0002] For gently dipping, thick ore bodies that are moderately stable or more stable but have unstable hanging wall rock, the exposed area and time of the fractured hanging wall rock are limited. To avoid the impact of hanging wall rock collapse on operational safety and causing significant losses and dilution, caving or upward horizontal layered backfilling methods are typically used for mining this type of ore body. While caving can eliminate goaf areas through active rockfall, the extremely unstable hanging wall rock makes it prone to premature or unplanned delamination during ore extraction. This leads to uncontrollable ore loss and dilution rates. Furthermore, the dip angle of the gently dipping, thick ore body results in poor flowability of the caved ore, making it prone to blockage or cutting during overburden extraction. The fractured hanging wall rock also easily mixes into the ore, severely affecting the ore grade. In addition, as mining progresses, random rockfalls in the hanging wall are difficult to control precisely, easily disrupting the integrity of the overburden and potentially causing uncontrolled surface subsidence. This not only threatens underground operational safety but also significantly disturbs the surface environment. While the upward horizontal layered backfilling method effectively controls the exposed area of ​​the hanging wall and ore dilution, it results in low ore volume per mining run, low production efficiency, and limited capacity. More importantly, personnel and equipment are constantly exposed to a large area of ​​rock mass, posing significant safety hazards. Therefore, reducing safety risks during mining while simultaneously improving production capacity and efficiency has always been a major technical challenge for this type of ore body.

[0003] Therefore, this invention provides a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction followed by backfilling mining method suitable for gently dipping thick ore bodies, aiming to solve the problem of safe and efficient mining of gently dipping thick ore bodies with moderately stable or better ore and unstable surrounding rock. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a medium-deep hole drilling side-side ore extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method suitable for gently dipping thick ore bodies, which includes the following steps: (1) The mining area is divided and the mining sequence is as follows: the ore body is mined in sections from bottom to top. Each section is divided into panels. The mining area in the panel is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. No inter-pillars are left between the panels. The panel is divided into one access mining area and multiple medium-deep hole mining areas. The access mining area is located in the middle of the panel along the strike of the ore body. Medium-deep hole mining areas are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the access mining area. When mining in the panel, mining is carried out from both sides of the panel towards the middle position. The two medium-deep hole mining areas on both sides are mined simultaneously. After the mining and filling are completed and the designed filling strength is reached, the two symmetrical medium-deep hole mining areas on the inner side are mined simultaneously... Finally, the access mining area in the middle is mined. When mining in the medium-deep hole mining area, the cutting groove is arranged outside the position of the upper triangular ore zone. Mining is carried out from the cutting groove towards the lower side. The upper triangular ore zone is mined at the same time as the access mining area using the access method. (2) The layout of the mining and cutting project is as follows: from the segmented transport roadway of the lower plate, the ore-body strike is perpendicular to the center of the access road of the plate area, and the ore-body strike is perpendicular to the ore-body strike. The ore-body access roadway is then excavated from the ore-body access roadway to the medium-deep hole mining areas on both sides, forming the bottom ore-body mining structure of the medium-deep hole mining area. At the bottom center of the medium-deep hole mining area, the rock drilling roadway is excavated perpendicular to the ore-body strike to connect the ore-body access roadway. The cutting riser and cutting cross roadway are excavated outside the triangular ore zone of the upper plate. The backfilling airway is excavated perpendicular to the ore-body strike from the segmented transport roadway of the upper plate. (3) For the backfilling and mining of medium-deep hole stopes, firstly, a rock drilling rig is used to construct upward parallel medium-deep holes in the cutting cross roadway and upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes in the rock drilling roadway. The cutting riser is used as the free face to blast and form a full-section cutting groove. Then, the cutting groove is used as the free face for retreating ore caving. The caving ore is shoveled out by a shovel through the ore outlet roadway and the ore outlet access roadway on one side of the stope. After the ore outlet is completed, backfilling retaining walls are built at each entrance and exit at the bottom of the stope, and cemented backfilling body is used to fill the stope and connect to the roof. (4) The entry stope is mined last after the medium-deep hole stope in the panel is mined. The ore body of the entry stope and the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope in the panel are mined together by the upward entry filling method. At this time, the ore outlet roadway of the panel is used as the layered connecting roadway for the entry stope. When mining in layers, the layered connecting roadway is first constructed to the bottom plate elevation of the mining layer. From the end of the layered connecting roadway, the horizontal connecting roadway is constructed in the entry stope to the upper boundary of the ore body. Then, the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope in this layer is mined by the entry method on both sides. After the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope on both sides of this layer is mined, the entry stope of this layer is mined.

[0005] Preferably, the segment height is 15-25m, which is determined by comprehensively considering the stability of the ore body, the dip angle of the ore body, the thickness of the ore body, and the grade of the ore body.

[0006] Preferably, the width of the medium-deep hole stope is 10-12m, and the width of the access stope is 8-10m. The specific widths of the medium-deep hole stope and the access stope are determined according to the stability of the ore and rock. A larger value is taken when the stability of the ore and rock is good, and a smaller value is taken when the stability of the ore and rock is poor.

[0007] Preferably, when mining the upper triangular ore zone of the access stope and the medium-deep hole stope, the cross-sectional size of the access is 3m×3m-6m×6m. The specific size is determined according to the stability of the ore and rock. A larger value is taken when the stability of the ore and rock is good, and a smaller value is taken when the stability of the ore and rock is poor.

[0008] Furthermore, the ore extraction access road is excavated from the ore extraction connecting roadway to both sides, with the ore extraction access roads on both sides arranged alternately. The ends of the ore extraction access roadways are excavated to the rock drilling roadways of the two medium-deep hole mining areas on the outermost side of the panel.

[0009] Furthermore, the distance from the segmented transport roadway to the lower boundary of the ore body should meet the slope requirements for trackless equipment entering and exiting the mining area when the upward approach filling method is used for mining.

[0010] Preferably, when filling the medium-deep hole mining area, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented backfill material is required to be greater than or equal to 1.5-2.0 MPa.

[0011] Preferably, when filling the access mining area, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented backfill material is required to be greater than or equal to 1.0-1.5 MPa.

[0012] Beneficial effects Compared with existing technologies and methods, the present invention provides a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method suitable for gently dipping thick ore bodies, which has the following advantages: (1) It has enabled efficient deep-hole mining of gently dipping, thick ore bodies with moderately stable or better ore and unstable surrounding rock. Compared with existing technologies, it has significantly improved mining efficiency and mining capacity, while also significantly improving the safety of mining operations.

[0013] (2) Creatively, the upper triangular ore body of the medium-deep hole stope and the access stope are mined at the same time. This avoids the premature exposure of the unstable upper surrounding rock by the early mining of the triangular ore body, which would affect the normal mining of the medium-deep hole stope. At the same time, it realizes the coordinated use of the mining preparation engineering of the medium-deep hole stope and the access stope, effectively reducing the mining preparation cutting engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method applicable to gently dipping thick ore bodies provided by the present invention (medium-deep hole stope mining). Figure 2 A top view of a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method applicable to gently dipping thick ore bodies provided by the present invention (medium-deep hole stope mining). Figure 3 A side view of a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method applicable to gently dipping thick ore bodies provided by the present invention (medium-deep hole stope mining). Figure 4 A top view of a medium-deep hole drilling side-extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method applicable to gently dipping thick ore bodies provided by the present invention (mining of the access stope and the hanging wall triangular ore zone). In the diagram: 1-Sectional transport roadway; 2-Ore extraction connecting roadway; 3-Ore extraction access roadway; 4-Drilling roadway; 5-Cutting riser; 6-Backfill return airway; 7-Upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole; 8-Collapsed ore; 9-Cemented backfill body; 10-Access roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] This invention provides a medium-deep hole drilling side-side ore extraction and subsequent backfilling mining method suitable for gently dipping thick ore bodies, which includes the following steps: (1) Mining area division and mining sequence: The ore body is mined in sections from bottom to top. The section height is 20m. The section is divided into panels. The mining area in the panel is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. No inter-pillars are left between the panels. The panel is divided into one access mining area and multiple medium-deep hole mining areas. The access mining area is located in the middle of the panel along the strike of the ore body. Medium-deep hole mining areas are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the access mining area. The width of the medium-deep hole mining area is 12m and the width of the access mining area is 9m. When mining within the panel, mining proceeds from both sides towards the center. The two symmetrical medium-deep hole mining areas on both sides are mined simultaneously. After the mining and backfilling are completed and the designed backfill strength is reached, the two symmetrical medium-deep hole mining areas on the inner side are mined simultaneously... Finally, the middle access mining area is mined. When mining the medium-deep hole mining area, the cutting groove is located outside the upper triangular ore zone. Mining proceeds from the cutting groove towards the lower plate. The upper triangular ore zone is finally mined simultaneously with the access mining area using the access method. The access cross-section size is 4m×4m.

[0018] (2) The layout of the cutting project: From the segmented transport roadway 1 in the lower plate, perpendicular to the ore body strike, the ore-exit connecting roadway 2 is excavated along the center of the access stop in the panel area. From the ore-exit connecting roadway 2, ore-exit access roads 3 are excavated along the ore body strike to the two medium-deep hole stopes on both sides, forming the bottom ore-exit structure for the medium-deep hole stopes. The ore-exit access roads 3 on both sides are staggered. The ends of the ore-exit access roads 3 are excavated to the position of the drilling roadways 4 of the two outermost medium-deep hole stopes in the panel area. At the bottom center of the medium-deep hole stopes, the drilling roadway 4 is excavated perpendicular to the ore body strike to connect with the ore-exit access roadway 3. The cutting riser 5 and the cutting cross roadway are excavated outside the triangular ore zone in the upper plate. From the segmented transport roadway 1 in the upper section, the filling return airway 6 is excavated perpendicular to the ore body strike. The distance from the segmented transport roadway 1 to the lower plate boundary of the ore body is 50m, which meets the requirements of the slope gradient for trackless equipment entering and exiting the stop when the access stop adopts the upward access filling method for backfilling.

[0019] (3) For the backfilling and mining of medium-deep hole stopes, firstly, a rock drilling rig is used to construct upward parallel medium-deep holes in the cutting cross roadway and upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 7 in the rock drilling roadway 4. The cutting riser 5 is used as the free face to blast and form a full-section cutting groove. Then, the ore is blasted backward with the cutting groove as the free face. The blasted ore 8 is shoveled out by a shovel loader through the ore outlet connecting roadway 2 and the ore outlet access road 3 on one side of the stope. After the ore outlet is completed, backfilling retaining walls are built at each entrance and exit at the bottom of the stope. Cemented backfill 9 is used to backfill the stope and connect to the roof. The 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented backfill 9 is required to be greater than or equal to 2.0 MPa.

[0020] (4) The access stope is mined last after the medium-deep hole stope in the panel is mined. The access stope and the ore body of the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope in the panel are mined together using the upward access filling method. At this time, the ore-exit connecting roadway 2 in the panel is used as the layered connecting roadway for the access stope mining. During layered mining, the layered connecting roadway is first constructed to the bottom elevation of the mining layer. From the end of the layered connecting roadway, the horizontal connecting roadway is constructed in the access stope to the boundary of the upper ore body. Then, the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope in this layer is mined by the access method on both sides. After the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope on both sides of this layer is mined, the access stope of this layer is mined. When filling the access stope, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented filling body 9 used is required to be greater than or equal to 1.5 MPa.

[0021] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining by side-drilling and subsequent backfilling in gently dipping, thick ore bodies using medium-deep hole drilling, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) The mining area is divided and the mining sequence is as follows: the ore body is mined in sections from bottom to top. Each section is divided into panels. The mining area in the panel is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. No inter-pillars are left between the panels. The panel is divided into one access mining area and multiple medium-deep hole mining areas. The access mining area is located in the middle of the panel along the strike of the ore body. Medium-deep hole mining areas are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the access mining area. When mining in the panel, mining is carried out from both sides of the panel towards the middle position. The two medium-deep hole mining areas on both sides are mined simultaneously. After the mining and filling are completed and the designed filling strength is reached, the two symmetrical medium-deep hole mining areas on the inner side are mined simultaneously... Finally, the access mining area in the middle is mined. When mining in the medium-deep hole mining area, the cutting groove is arranged outside the position of the upper triangular ore zone. Mining is carried out from the cutting groove towards the lower side. The upper triangular ore zone is mined at the same time as the access mining area using the access method. (2) The layout of the mining and cutting project is as follows: from the segmented transport roadway of the lower plate, the ore-body strike is perpendicular to the center of the access road of the plate area, and the ore-body strike is perpendicular to the ore-body strike. The ore-body access roadway is then excavated from the ore-body access roadway to the medium-deep hole mining areas on both sides, forming the bottom ore-body mining structure of the medium-deep hole mining area. At the bottom center of the medium-deep hole mining area, the rock drilling roadway is excavated perpendicular to the ore-body strike to connect the ore-body access roadway. The cutting riser and cutting cross roadway are excavated outside the triangular ore zone of the upper plate. The backfilling airway is excavated perpendicular to the ore-body strike from the segmented transport roadway of the upper plate. (3) For the backfilling and mining of medium-deep hole stopes, firstly, a rock drilling rig is used to construct upward parallel medium-deep holes in the cutting cross roadway and upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes in the rock drilling roadway. The cutting riser is used as the free face to blast and form a full-section cutting groove. Then, the cutting groove is used as the free face for retreating ore caving. The caving ore is shoveled out by a shovel through the ore outlet roadway and the ore outlet access roadway on one side of the stope. After the ore outlet is completed, backfilling retaining walls are built at each entrance and exit at the bottom of the stope, and cemented backfilling body is used to fill the stope and connect to the roof. (4) The entry stope is mined last after the medium-deep hole stope in the panel is mined. The ore body of the entry stope and the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope in the panel are mined together by the upward entry filling method. At this time, the ore outlet roadway of the panel is used as the layered connecting roadway for the entry stope. When mining in layers, the layered connecting roadway is first constructed to the bottom plate elevation of the mining layer. From the end of the layered connecting roadway, the horizontal connecting roadway is constructed in the entry stope to the upper boundary of the ore body. Then, the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope in this layer is mined by the entry method on both sides. After the upper triangular ore zone of the medium-deep hole stope on both sides of this layer is mined, the entry stope of this layer is mined.

2. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segment height is 15-25m, and the specific height is determined by comprehensively considering the stability of the ore body, the dip angle of the ore body, the thickness of the ore body, and the grade of the ore body.

3. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the medium-deep hole stope is 10-12m, and the width of the access stope is 8-10m. The specific width of the medium-deep hole stope and the access stope is determined according to the stability of the ore and rock. When the stability of the ore and rock is good, a larger value is taken, and when the stability of the ore and rock is poor, a smaller value is taken.

4. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: When mining the upper triangular ore zone of the access stope and the medium-deep hole stope, the cross-sectional size of the access is 3m×3m-6m×6m. The specific size is determined according to the stability of the ore and rock. When the stability of the ore and rock is good, a larger value is taken, and when the stability of the ore and rock is poor, a smaller value is taken.

5. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore extraction approach starts from the ore extraction connecting roadway and is excavated to both sides. The ore extraction approaches on both sides are arranged alternately. The ends of the ore extraction approaches are excavated to the rock drilling roadways of the two medium-deep hole mining areas on the outermost side of the panel.

6. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the segmented transport roadway to the lower boundary of the ore body should meet the slope requirements for trackless equipment entering and exiting the mining area when the upward approach filling method is used for mining.

7. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping, thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: When filling the medium-deep hole mining area, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented backfill material must be greater than or equal to 1.5-2.0 MPa.

8. The method for mining medium-deep hole drilling alongside ore extraction followed by backfilling in gently dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: When backfilling the access mining area, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented backfill material must be greater than or equal to 1.0-1.5 MPa.

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