Mining method for jump mining, filling and entry retaining of metal mine

Abstract

The invention provides a metal mine jump mining filling entry retaining mining method, which belongs to the technical field of metal mine mining, and comprises the following steps: S1, ore block division: dividing a metal mine section to be mined into a plurality of ore blocks according to specific conditions, sequentially labeling the plurality of ore blocks, and arranging ventilation and transportation roadways in the ore section; s2, the first mining room is mined, specifically, the first mining room is determined, and a row of filling supports are installed on the side, close to the ventilation and transportation roadway, of the first mining room for advancing mining operation; and S3, filling the first mining room: mining a designed mining step pitch in the first mining room, namely, moving the filling bracket forwards, immediately filling paste in a goaf behind the filling bracket to form a first filling body, completing a mining and filling cycle, reserving reserved roadways on two sides of the filling body, and forming a system by the reserved roadways and a stope in front of the bracket. The method can effectively control surrounding rock deformation, improve the operation safety and reliability, improve the roadway reuse rate, reduce the tunneling work amount and improve the resource recovery rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal mining technology, and relates to a metal mining method, particularly a metal mining skip-mining and backfilling method. Background Technology

[0002] In the mining of metal deposits, traditional mining methods often employ the open-cut method. However, this method presents numerous challenges. One significant issue is the difficulty in recovering pillars between stops, hindering the full recovery of the ore body. This unsuccessful pillar recovery results in the ineffective utilization of much potentially mineable ore, leading to a low resource recovery rate.

[0003] In addition, goafs formed by open-cut mining are characterized by large exposed areas and long exposure times. The extensive and prolonged exposure of goafs easily leads to severe deformation of the surrounding rock. Once severe deformation occurs, the stability of the mining area is greatly affected, resulting in poor stability performance. In such an unstable mining environment, safety accidents such as roof falls and spalling occur frequently. These accidents not only pose a serious threat to the lives of mining personnel but also hinder the normal progress of mining operations.

[0004] Meanwhile, traditional open-cut mining requires the continuous excavation of new tunnels as the mining progresses. Excavating new tunnels is a complex and time-consuming process, demanding significant time and effort. Furthermore, it requires substantial investment of manpower, materials, and financial resources, resulting in extremely high mining costs. From an overall perspective, this high-cost, low-recovery-rate mining method significantly reduces the economic efficiency of the mine and is detrimental to its sustainable development.

[0005] Based on the above, it is necessary to propose a metal mining method that can effectively control surrounding rock deformation, improve operational safety and reliability, increase roadway reuse rate, reduce tunneling workload, and improve resource recovery rate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for mining metal mines by skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadways, in order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as severe surrounding rock deformation, poor stope stability, insufficient ore body recovery, and large amount of roadway excavation work.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for skip-mining and backfilling in metal ore mining includes the following steps: S1, Mineral Block Division: The metal ore section to be mined is divided into multiple mineral blocks according to specific conditions, and the multiple mineral blocks are numbered in sequence. Ventilation and transportation roadways are arranged within the mineral section. S2, First Mineral Block Mining: Identify the first mineral block and install a row of filling supports on the side of the first mineral block closest to the ventilation and transport roadways for forward mining operations; S3, First Mining Stope Backfilling: The first mining stope is mined one designed mining step distance, that is, the backfilling support is moved forward, and the goaf behind the backfilling support is immediately backfilled with paste to form the first backfill body, completing one mining and backfilling cycle. Reserved roadways are left on both sides of the backfill body, and the reserved roadways form a system with the stope in front of the support. S4, Secondary mining: After a break of one unmined block, select the next unmined block as the secondary mining block for forward mining operations. Before mining the secondary mining block, set up temporary retaining walls at the entrances of the reserved roadways on both sides of the primary mining block. S5, Secondary mining stop filling: During the mining of the secondary mining stop, the filling support is moved forward by one design step distance after mining the secondary mining stop, and the goaf behind the filling support is immediately filled with paste to form a second filling body, completing one mining and filling cycle, and reserved roadways are left on both sides of the filling body, forming a system with the roadway and the front mining area. S6, Roadway Retention: After the first and second mining chambers are filled, the original reserved roadway between the first filling body, the second filling body, and the unmined chamber between them is sandwiched between the first filling body and the second filling body. Under the support of the first filling body and the second filling body, the reserved roadway is stably retained. S7, Mining the unmined intermediate chamber: Using the reserved roadway retained in step S6 as the passage for subsequent mining operations, the unmined chamber between the first and second mining chambers is mined. At this time, the reserved roadway serves as a passage for ore extraction, ventilation, and pedestrians. S8, Cyclic Operation: Repeat steps S2 to S7 above, that is, continue to intermittently mine the next group of ore blocks, fill the goaf, reserve the intermediate roadway as a reserved roadway, and then mine the unmined intermediate ore blocks until the mining of the entire ore section is completed.

[0008] In step S1, the metal ore is gold ore, copper ore, iron ore or lead-zinc ore, the ore body occurrence conditions are gently dipping to steeply dipping, and the ore body thickness is medium to thick. When dividing ore blocks, stops, and pillars, the size of the ore blocks and the parameters of the stops and pillars are determined by comprehensively considering the ore body occurrence conditions, mining technology conditions, and economic factors.

[0009] In step S1, the ore block is divided as follows: the ore section is divided into ore blocks with a length of 50-150 meters along the ore body strike. Each ore block is divided into a stope and a pillar along the dip. The stope is designed as the first mining stope and the second mining stope. The pillar is designed as the middle unmined stope. The stope width is 8-30 meters and the pillar width is 5-25 meters.

[0010] The first mining stope in step S2 is a stope with relatively simple geological conditions and easy construction. The mining process adopts medium-deep hole blasting to extract ore, and the blasting parameters are determined according to the comprehensive ore properties and stope size.

[0011] In step S3, before filling the first mining chamber, the goaf is thoroughly treated and washed with pumice to remove loose rocks and debris from the roof and sides, ensuring that the filling body is in close contact with the surrounding rock. The filling material is cemented filling or high water content solids end sand filling, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling body is greater than or equal to 3MPa.

[0012] In step S4, the secondary mining chamber is operated using the same or similar mining process as the primary mining chamber. In step S5, the filling process and requirements for the secondary ore chamber are the same as those for the primary ore chamber, ensuring the quality of the first and second filling bodies.

[0013] The unmined intermediate stope was mined using the retreat caving method.

[0014] In step S7, before mining the intermediate unmined chamber, a temporary retaining wall is first set up at the reserved roadway entrance on the side of the secondary ore chamber away from the intermediate unmined chamber.

[0015] In step S6, the reserved roadway needs to be repaired and reinforced as necessary before it can be used as a subsequent mining channel, including shotcreting, bolt support or cable support.

[0016] Throughout the mining process, the deformation of the surrounding rock and backfill is monitored in real time, and the mining parameters and backfilling process are adjusted based on the monitoring data.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a method for mining metal mines by skip-mining and backfilling, which, by setting up supports, allows for the development of a wide stope under the protection of the supports, increases the cyclic output, and allows for backfilling of the primary and secondary stopes as they are mined. This enables the backfill and supports (i.e., backfill supports) to quickly form an effective support capacity, reduces the exposed area and exposure time of the goaf, thereby effectively controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock, reducing the risk of accidents such as roof falls and spalling, and ensuring the stability of the stope.

[0018] Furthermore, in this invention, the reserved pillars in the traditional mining method are designed as intermediate unmined chambers. After the primary and secondary chambers are filled and emptied, the reserved pillars (i.e., intermediate unmined chambers) are mined using reserved roadways. This enables pillarless mining of the ore section, which simplifies the layout of roadways, increases the reuse rate of roadways, reduces roadway costs and tunneling time, and effectively solves the problem of difficult recovery of reserved pillars in the traditional open-field method, thereby increasing the tunneling and mining rate and the resource recovery rate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the stope and the backfilling of the first stope in steps S1 to S3 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the backfilling structure for the secondary mining chamber after the primary mining chamber is filled in steps S3 to S5 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure from the completion of mining and backfilling of the secondary mining chamber in steps S5 and S6 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during the preservation of the roadway in steps S6 and S7 of the present invention, as well as the excavation of new roadways in the intermediate unmined chamber and the mining process. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of steps S7 and S8 of the present invention, which involves the completion of the mining of the intermediate unmined chamber and the cyclic steps S4 and S5. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cyclic step S6 in step S8 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cyclic step S7 in step S8 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the mining section of the present invention has been completed; Figure 9 This is a top view of the stope during the forward mining operation of this invention.

[0020] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 1. Stope; 2. Pillar; 3. Ventilation and haulage roadway; 4. Reserved roadway; 5. First stope; 6. Second stope; 7. First backfill; 8. Temporary retaining wall; 9. Second backfill; 10. Forward caving operation; 11. Backward caving method; 12. Unmined stope in the middle; 13. Backfill support. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] This embodiment provides a method for metal mine skip-mining and backfilling roadway retention mining, which includes the following steps: S1, Mining Block Division: (e.g., ...) Figure 1 As shown, the metal ore section to be mined is divided into multiple ore blocks according to specific conditions, and the multiple ore blocks are numbered sequentially. In this embodiment, the multiple ore blocks are divided into I, II, III, IV and V in sequence, and ventilation and transportation roadways 3 are arranged in the ore section.

[0023] Among them, the metallic minerals are gold, copper, iron or lead-zinc minerals, and the ore bodies are located under conditions of gentle to steep dip and have a thickness of medium to thick.

[0024] When dividing the ore blocks, stopes 1, and pillars 2, the size of the ore blocks and the parameters of stopes 1 and pillars 2 are determined by comprehensively considering the ore body occurrence conditions, mining technology conditions, and economic factors.

[0025] The specific method of dividing the ore blocks is as follows: the ore section is divided into ore blocks with a length of 50-150 meters along the strike of the ore body. Each ore block is divided into a stope 1 and a pillar 2 along the dip. The stope 1 is the first mining stope 5 and the second mining stope 6. The pillar 2 is the middle unmined stope 12. The stope 1 has a width of 8-30 meters, and the pillar 2 has a width of 5-25 meters. S2, first mining chamber 5 mining: as Figure 1 As shown, the first mining stope 5 is identified as ore block I. A row of filling supports 13 is installed on the side of the first mining stope 5 closest to the ventilation and transport roadway 3 for forward mining operations 10, as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0026] The first mining stop 5 in step S2 is a stop 1 with relatively simple geological conditions and easy construction. The mining process adopts medium-deep hole blasting to extract ore, and the blasting parameters are determined according to the comprehensive ore properties and the size of stop 1.

[0027] S3, First Mining Block 5 Backfilling: After mining one designed mining step distance in the first mining block 5, i.e., moving the backfilling support 13 forward, immediately backfill the goaf behind the backfilling support 13 with paste to form the first backfill body 7, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a mining-filling cycle is completed, and reserved roadways 4 are left on both sides of the filling body. The reserved roadways form a system with the front stope, as shown. Figure 2 As shown.

[0028] Before filling the first mining stope 5, the goaf area was thoroughly treated and washed with pumice, and loose rocks and debris on the roof and sides were removed to ensure that the filling body was in close contact with the surrounding rock. The filling material is cemented filling or high water content solids end sand filling, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling body is greater than or equal to 3MPa.

[0029] S4, Mining of Sub-mining Chamber 6: After a gap of one unmined chamber 1, select the next unmined chamber 1 as the sub-mining chamber 6 and perform forward mining operation 10, such as Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the secondary mining stop 6 is determined to be ore block III. Before mining the secondary mining stop 6, temporary retaining walls 8 are arranged at the entrances of the reserved roadways 4 on both sides of the primary mining stop 5, as shown. Figure 2 As shown.

[0030] In step S4, the secondary mining chamber 6 is operated using the same or similar mining process as the primary mining chamber 5. S5, Secondary mining stop 6 backfilling: During the mining of the secondary mining stop 6, after mining one designed step distance in the secondary mining stop 6, the backfilling support 13 is moved forward, and the goaf behind the backfilling support 13 is immediately backfilled with paste to form a second backfill body 9, such as... Figure 2 As shown, a mining-filling cycle is completed, and reserved roadways 4 are left on both sides of the filling body. The reserved roadways form a system with the front stope, as shown. Figure 3 As shown; In step S5, the filling process and requirements for the secondary mining chamber 6 are the same as those for the primary mining chamber 5, to ensure the quality of the first filling body 7 and the second filling body 9.

[0031] S6, Roadway Retention: After the primary mining stope 5 and the secondary mining stope 6 are filled, the reserved roadway 4 between the first filling body 7, the second filling body 9, and the unmined stope 1 is held in place by the first filling body 7 and the second filling body 9. Supported by the first filling body 7 and the second filling body 9, the reserved roadway 4 is stably retained. Figure 3 As shown.

[0032] Before the reserved roadway 4 is used as a subsequent mining passage, it needs to be repaired and reinforced as necessary, including shotcreting, bolt support or cable support. S7, Mining the unmined block 12: Using the reserved roadway 4 from step S6 as the channel for subsequent mining operations, the unmined block 1, i.e., block II, between the primary mining block 5 and the secondary mining block 6 is mined. Figure 4 As shown, at this time, reserved tunnel 4 is used for ore extraction, ventilation, and pedestrian access.

[0033] In this embodiment, the intermediate unmined stope 12 is mined using the retreat caving method 11.

[0034] Before mining the intermediate unmined block 12, a temporary retaining wall 8 is set up at the reserved roadway 4 on the side of the secondary block 6 away from the intermediate unmined block 12. S8, Cyclic Operation: Repeat steps S2 to S7 above, that is, continue to intermittently mine the next set of secondary mining blocks 6, which in this embodiment is selected as block V, fill the goaf, and retain the intermediate roadway as the reserved roadway 4, such as Figure 5 As shown, after the next set of mining chambers 6 is completed, as... Figure 6 As shown, the intermediate unmined stope 12 will be mined again, as... Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, it is ore block IV, until the entire ore section is mined, as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0035] It should be noted that during the entire mining process, the deformation of the surrounding rock and backfill is monitored in real time, and the mining parameters and backfilling process are adjusted based on the monitoring data.

[0036] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining metal ore by skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadways, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1, Block division: The metal ore section to be mined is divided into multiple blocks according to specific conditions, and the multiple blocks are numbered in sequence. Ventilation and transportation roadways are arranged in the ore section (3). S2, First mining chamber (5) mining: Determine the first mining chamber (5), install a row of filling supports (13) on the side of the first mining chamber (5) near the ventilation and transportation roadway (3) for forward mining operation (10). S3, First mining stop (5) filling: Mining one design mining step distance in the first mining stop (5), that is, moving the filling support (13) forward, immediately filling the goaf behind the filling support (13) with paste to form the first filling body (7), completing one mining and filling cycle, and leaving reserved roadways (4) on both sides of the filling body, the reserved roadways (4) and the front mining area form a system; S4, mining of secondary mining chamber (6): after a gap of one unmined chamber (1), select the next unmined chamber (1) as the secondary mining chamber (6) for forward mining operation (10). Before mining of the secondary mining chamber (6), temporary retaining walls (8) are arranged at the entrance of the reserved roadway (4) on both sides of the primary mining chamber (5). S5, filling of the secondary mining room (6): During the mining process of the secondary mining room (6), the filling support (13) is moved forward by one design step distance in the secondary mining room (6), and the goaf behind the filling support (13) is immediately filled with paste to form a second filling body (9), completing one mining and filling cycle, and leaving reserved roadways (4) on both sides of the filling body, so that the reserved roadways and the front mining area form a system; S6, Roadway Retention: After the first mining chamber (5) and the second mining chamber (6) are filled, the original reserved roadway (4) between the first filling body (7), the second filling body (9) and the unmined chamber (1) between them is held between the first filling body (7) and the second filling body (9). Under the support of the first filling body (7) and the second filling body (9), the reserved roadway (4) is stably retained. S7, mining the unmined block (12) in the middle: using the reserved roadway (4) retained in step S6 as the passage for subsequent mining operations, mining the unmined block (1) between the first mining block (5) and the second mining block (6). At this time, the reserved roadway (4) is used for ore extraction, ventilation and pedestrian passage. S8, Cyclic operation: Repeat steps S2 to S7 above, that is, continue to intermittently mine the next group of ore blocks (1), fill the goaf, retain the middle roadway as a reserved roadway (4), and then mine the middle unmined ore blocks (12) until the mining of the entire ore section is completed.

2. The method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadway mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the metal ore is gold ore, copper ore, iron ore or lead-zinc ore, the ore body occurrence conditions are gently dipping to steeply dipping, and the ore body thickness is medium to thick. When dividing the ore blocks, ore rooms (1), and ore pillars (2), the ore body occurrence conditions, mining technology conditions, and economic factors are comprehensively considered to determine the size of the ore blocks and the parameters of the ore rooms (1) and ore pillars (2).

3. The method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadways according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the ore block is divided as follows: the ore section is divided into ore blocks with a length of 50-150 meters along the ore body direction. Each ore block is divided into a stope (1) and a pillar (2) along the dip direction. The stope (1) is designed as the first mining stope (5) and the second mining stope (6). The pillar (2) is designed as the middle unmined stope (12). The stope (1) has a width of 8-30 meters and the pillar (2) has a width of 5-25 meters.

4. The method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first mining stope (5) in step S2 is a mining stope (1) with relatively simple geological conditions and easy construction. The mining process adopts medium-deep hole blasting to extract ore. The blasting parameters are determined according to the comprehensive ore properties and the size of the mining stope (1).

5. A method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, before filling the first mining chamber (5), the goaf is thoroughly treated and washed with pumice, and loose rocks and debris on the roof and sides are removed to ensure that the filling body is in close contact with the surrounding rock. The filling material is cemented filling or high water content solids end sand filling, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling body is greater than or equal to 3 MPa.

6. The method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the secondary mining stope (6) is operated using the same or similar mining process as the primary mining stope (5); In step S5, the filling process and filling requirements for the secondary ore chamber (6) are the same as those for the primary ore chamber (5), ensuring the quality of the first filling body (7) and the second filling body (9).

7. A method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadway mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate unmined block (12) is mined using the retreat caving method (11).

8. A method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadway mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, before mining the intermediate unmined block (12), a temporary retaining wall (8) is set up at the entrance of the reserved roadway (4) on the side of the secondary block (6) away from the intermediate unmined block (12).

9. A method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadway mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the reserved roadway (4) needs to be repaired and reinforced before it can be used as a subsequent mining channel, including shotcreting, anchor bolt support or anchor cable support.

10. A method for metal ore skip-mining, backfilling, and retaining roadway mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, Throughout the mining process, the deformation of the surrounding rock and backfill is monitored in real time, and the mining parameters and backfilling process are adjusted based on the monitoring data.

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