Auxiliary coal falling device for top coal caving working face

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and discloses a top coal caving working face auxiliary coal dropping device which comprises a hydraulic support body and a crushing assembly, the hydraulic support body comprises a base and an inclined top plate, and the inclined top plate is installed on the base; the crushing assembly comprises a rotary driving part, a transmission part and an impact head, the rotary driving part is installed on the base and connected with the transmission part, a through hole is formed in the inclined top plate, one end of the impact head penetrates through the through hole and then is connected with the transmission part, and the other end of the impact head extends out of the through hole; the rotary driving part can drive the impact head to be in sliding connection with the inner wall of the through hole through the transmission part. The rotary driving part is installed on the base of the hydraulic support body, and the impact head is driven to vibrate through the transmission part so that the impact head can directly act on a coal seam to conduct impact damage. Therefore, the impacted coal seam is crushed, and the coal falling operation of the coal seam is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and specifically to an auxiliary coal dropping device for top coal caving faces. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of auxiliary equipment technology for top coal caving mining faces in coal mines, the development of top coal caving mining technology has greatly improved coal mining efficiency and effectively increased coal production, which is of great significance for meeting energy demand and promoting the development of the coal industry.

[0003] To address the difficulty of top coal caving in longwall faces, blasting is commonly used. Blasting utilizes the energy generated by explosives to break up the hard top coal, thus causing it to collapse to some extent. In addition, manual crushing is also widely employed, where workers directly crush the top coal using tools.

[0004] However, the shock waves generated by blasting can easily damage the stability of the roof, creating a major safety hazard of roof collapse; manual crushing is extremely inefficient, labor-intensive, and workers are directly exposed under the hard coal roof, making them vulnerable to roof coal falling and collapse, resulting in extremely high safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an auxiliary coal dropping device for top coal caving faces to solve the problems that the shock waves generated by blasting can easily damage the stability of the roof and create a major safety hazard of roof collapse; manual crushing is extremely inefficient and labor-intensive, and the workers are directly exposed under the hard roof coal, making them vulnerable to roof coal falling and collapse, resulting in extremely high safety risks.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides an auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces, comprising: The hydraulic support body includes a base and an inclined top plate, wherein the inclined top plate is mounted on the base; The crushing assembly includes a rotary drive, a transmission component, and an impact head. The rotary drive is mounted on the base and connected to the transmission component. The inclined top plate has a through hole. One end of the impact head passes through the through hole and is connected to the transmission component. The other end of the impact head extends out of the through hole. The rotary drive component can drive the impact head to slide on the inner wall of the through hole through the transmission component, and the impact head is used to impact and destroy the coal seam.

[0007] Beneficial effects: The rotary drive component is mounted on the base of the hydraulic support body, and the transmission component drives the impact head to vibrate, allowing the impact head to directly impact and destroy the coal seam. This auxiliary coal dropping device for top coal caving faces does not require additional installation supports and is compatible with the existing equipment environment of top coal caving faces. The rotary drive component provides power, which is transmitted to the impact head through the transmission component, ensuring a stable impact force on the coal seam and effectively improving the crushing efficiency of hard top coal. The through hole guides the sliding of the impact head, preventing it from deviating during the impact process and ensuring accurate impact positioning. This allows for impact on specific locations within the coal seam, thereby crushing the impacted coal seam and facilitating coal dropping operations.

[0008] In one alternative embodiment, the transmission element includes: A converter, connected to the rotary drive, is used to convert rotary motion into linear motion; The first cylindrical body has a first annular groove inside; The first slider is located inside the first annular groove and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first annular groove; The impact head extends into the first cylinder and is fixedly connected to the first slider; The second cylinder has its open end inserted into the first cylinder, and the outer wall of the second cylinder is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first cylinder. The portion of the second cylinder extending out of the first cylinder is connected to the conversion component. The second slider is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second cylinder.

[0009] Beneficial effects: The conversion component transforms the rotational motion of the rotary drive component into linear motion, providing a suitable motion form for the linear impact of the impact head and ensuring that the impact head can stably impact the coal seam along a straight line. The first annular groove inside the first cylinder provides sliding space for the first slider, and the first slider is fixedly connected to the impact head, making the linear motion of the impact head more directional and stable, avoiding shaking during the impact. The second cylinder extends into the first cylinder and connects with the conversion component. The conversion component drives the second cylinder to slide along the inner wall of the first cylinder. At the same time, the second slider moves towards the impact head under the action of friction. The volume of the first receiving cavity formed by the first slider, the second slider, the first cylinder, and the second cylinder decreases, and the volume of the second receiving cavity formed by the second slider and the second cylinder increases. When the second cylinder moves to the limit position, the second slider hits the first slider. The first slider slides under the action of the impact force to drive the impact head to move. Then, the conversion component drives the second cylinder away from the impact head. The second slider moves away from the first slider under the action of friction and the air pressure in the first receiving cavity and moves back to the initial position. The above process is repeated to achieve repeated impact on the coal seam. In addition, the multi-stage sliding structure allows for flexible adjustment of the impact stroke of the impact head, adapting to the crushing requirements of coal seams of different thicknesses.

[0010] In one alternative embodiment, the conversion element includes; The shaft is connected to the rotary drive component; A sphere is fitted around the outer periphery of the shaft and fixedly connected to the shaft. A second annular groove is formed on the sphere. The axial direction of the second annular groove makes an acute angle with the axial direction of the shaft. A plurality of arc-shaped grooves are provided in the second annular groove. The plurality of arc-shaped grooves are distributed at intervals around the axial direction of the second annular groove. A plurality of balls, each ball being rolledly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding arc-shaped groove, and each ball being at least partially exposed outside the arc-shaped groove; The swing ring has a third annular groove on its inner wall, and the inner wall of the third annular groove is in rolling connection with all the balls. The slide rod is fixedly connected at one end to the swing ring and slidably connected at the other end to the protrusion of the second cylinder. The direction of movement of the second cylinder is parallel to the axial direction of the shaft.

[0011] Beneficial effects: The shaft is connected to the rotary drive and drives the ball to rotate synchronously. The second annular groove on the ball is set at an acute angle to the shaft axis. The ball in the arc groove is rolled and connected to the third annular groove of the swing ring, which can smoothly convert the rotational motion of the ball into the swinging motion of the swing ring. The swinging motion drives the slide rod to swing, and the slide rod drives the second cylinder to slide and connect with the inner wall of the first cylinder. Several arc grooves are distributed at intervals around the second annular groove axis, so that the ball is evenly stressed and the stability of motion conversion is improved. The slide rod connects the swing ring and the second cylinder, driving the second cylinder to move parallel to the shaft axis, ensuring that the movement direction of the second cylinder is consistent with the impact direction of the impact head, ensuring that the impact head can impact in a precise direction and improve the crushing effect. At the same time, the rolling connection has less wear than the sliding connection, reducing the maintenance cost of the device and extending the operating cycle of the device.

[0012] In one alternative embodiment, the system further includes a housing, which, together with the base, forms a mounting cavity, and the rotary drive and the conversion component are both located within the mounting cavity.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The housing and base enclose the mounting cavity, which houses the rotary drive and conversion components. This protects these core power transmission components, preventing coal dust, gravel, and other debris from the top coal caving face from entering the components and affecting their normal operation. The mounting cavity provides a stable installation environment for the components, reducing the impact of working face vibration on the rotary drive and conversion components and improving the stability of power transmission. In addition, the protective structure reduces the risk of accidental damage to components during operation and prevents safety threats to operators when the components are in operation, thus improving the overall safety of the operation.

[0014] In one alternative embodiment, the rotary drive includes: The first motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity; The first gear is sleeved on the outer circumference of the output shaft of the first motor and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor; The second gear is sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft body and fixedly connected to the shaft body. Both ends of the shaft body are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The number of teeth on the second gear is greater than the number of teeth on the first gear.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The first motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity, ensuring the stability of power output and preventing displacement during motor operation; the power of the first motor is transmitted to the shaft through the meshing transmission of the first and second gears. The gear transmission has high transmission efficiency and smooth power transmission, which can ensure the stable rotation speed of the shaft, thereby ensuring the stability of the impact frequency and force of the subsequent impact head; the second gear has more teeth than the first gear, forming a reduction transmission structure, which can increase the torque output to the shaft, enabling the shaft to drive the subsequent components to operate stably. Even when facing hard top coal, it can ensure that the impact head has sufficient impact force, improving the adaptability of the device to hard top coal.

[0016] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: The second motor is fixedly connected to the inclined top plate; The crankshaft is fixedly connected at one end to the output shaft of the second motor, and rotatably connected at the other end to the inclined top plate; The connecting rod is hinged at one end to the crankshaft; The third slider is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod; The triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate has a third slider that passes through the inclined top plate and is fixedly connected to the triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The second motor is fixedly connected to the inclined roof plate and drives the second slider to move via the crankshaft, which in turn drives the triangular cone vibrating plate to vibrate, achieving a synergistic effect of vibration crushing and impact crushing. The triangular cone structure of the vibrating plate has a moderate contact area with the coal seam, which can concentrate the vibration energy to the coal seam, causing a large number of cracks in the coal seam and reducing the integrity of the coal seam. Combined with the impact action of the impact head, it further improves the crushing efficiency and crushing effect of hard roof coal. The vibration mechanism and the impact mechanism are both integrated on the hydraulic support, eliminating the need for additional independent drive equipment, simplifying the overall structure of the device, and enabling synchronous operation with top coal caving operations. The vibration frequency can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the second motor to adapt to the crushing requirements of coal seams of different hardness, improving the adaptability of the device to different operating conditions.

[0018] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: A horizontal top plate, hinged to the inclined top plate; The first hydraulic cylinder has its mounting end hinged to the base and its telescopic end hinged to the top plate. The second hydraulic cylinder has its mounting end hinged to the horizontal top plate and its telescopic end hinged to the inclined top plate. The first rod is hinged at one end to the inclined top plate and at the other end to the base; The second rod is spaced apart from the first rod, with one end of the second rod hinged to the inclined top plate and the other end hinged to the base.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The horizontal roof plate and the inclined roof plate are hinged together. The tilt angle of the horizontal roof plate can be flexibly adjusted by the extension and retraction of the first and second hydraulic cylinders to adapt to the undulation of the roof plate in different working faces. The first and second rods are hinged at intervals between the inclined roof plate and the base to form a stable support structure, which improves the load-bearing capacity of the inclined roof plate and prevents the roof plate from deforming or being damaged due to excessive coal seam pressure. The extension and retraction adjustment method of the hydraulic cylinders is convenient to operate and has high adjustment precision, which can quickly adapt to different working conditions. At the same time, the stable support structure can improve the overall stability and safety of the device and avoid safety hazards caused by roof instability during operation.

[0020] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: Tail top plate, hinged to the inclined top plate; The third hydraulic cylinder has its mounting end hinged to the inclined top plate and its other end hinged to the tail top plate.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The tail top plate is hinged to the inclined top plate, and the angle of the tail top plate can be flexibly adjusted by the extension and retraction of the third hydraulic cylinder, so that the tail top plate can fit against the coal seam roof at the tail of the working face, expanding the coverage area of ​​the device on the roof and improving the crushing and support effect of the tail top coal; the third hydraulic cylinder is simple to install and easy to adjust, and can adjust the position of the tail top plate in real time according to the progress of top coal caving and the collapse of the tail top coal, ensuring that the tail top plate is always in the optimal support and auxiliary coal caving position, further improving the top coal recovery rate and reducing coal resource waste.

[0022] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: The top plate is hinged to the horizontal top plate; The fourth hydraulic cylinder has its mounting end connected to the transverse top plate and its other end hinged to the first top plate.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The first roof plate is hinged to the transverse roof plate. By adjusting the angle of the first roof plate through the extension and retraction of the fourth hydraulic cylinder, the first roof plate can be made to fit against the coal seam roof at the head of the working face. Together with the tail roof plate, transverse roof plate, and inclined roof plate, it forms a comprehensive roof cover support structure, improving the support stability of the entire working face roof. At the same time, the angle adjustment of the first roof plate can adapt to the roof coal of different thicknesses and hardnesses at the head, ensuring the crushing effect of the impact and vibration mechanism on the roof coal at the head, further expanding the operating coverage of the device and improving the overall roof coal recovery rate. The fourth hydraulic cylinder has precise adjustment and rapid response, which can quickly adapt to the working conditions changes at the head of the working face, ensuring operating efficiency and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an auxiliary coal cutting device for a top coal caving face provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an auxiliary coal cutting device for a top coal caving face provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the center circle A; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the center circle B.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101. Base; 102. Inclined top plate; 103. Horizontal top plate; 104. First hydraulic cylinder; 105. Second hydraulic cylinder; 106. First rod; 107. Second rod; 108. Tail top plate; 109. Third hydraulic cylinder; 110. Head top plate; 111. Fourth hydraulic cylinder; 201. Impact head; 202. First cylinder; 203. First annular groove; 204. First slider; 205. Second cylinder; 206. Second slider; 207. Shaft; 208. Ball; 209. Ball bearing; 210. Swing ring; 211. Slide rod; 212. Housing; 213. First motor; 214. First gear; 215. Second gear; 301. Second motor; 302. Crankshaft; 303. Third slider; 304. Triangular cone vibrating plate; 305. Connecting rod; Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, but are not limited thereto. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] This application mainly adopts a rotary drive to drive the impact head 201 to impact the coal seam, combined with a vibration crushing scheme, to achieve the effect of efficient crushing of hard top coal and improving the top coal recovery rate. The following is a further detailed description of this application.

[0033] The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces provided in this application embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the device includes a hydraulic support body and a crushing assembly. An inclined top plate 102 is installed on the base 101 of the hydraulic support body. The rotary drive component of the crushing assembly is installed on the base 101 and connected to the transmission component. The inclined top plate 102 has a through hole. One end of the impact head 201 passes through the through hole and is connected to the transmission component, while the other end extends out of the through hole. The rotary drive component drives the impact head 201 to slide against the inner wall of the through hole through the transmission component. The impact head 201 is used to impact and break the coal seam. This structural design eliminates the need for additional installation supports, adapts to the existing equipment environment of the top coal caving face, and ensures that the impact force of the impact head 201 on the coal seam is stable, effectively improving the crushing efficiency of hard top coal.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the hydraulic support body includes a base 101 and an inclined roof plate 102. The base 101 is typically made of high-strength steel and is a rectangular flat plate with a large support area, allowing it to be stably placed on the ground of the top coal caving face. The base 101 can also be other shapes, such as circular, as long as it meets the requirements for stable support. The inclined roof plate 102 is also generally made of steel and is installed inclined on the base 101. The inclination angle can be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the top coal caving face. The function of the inclined roof plate 102 is to provide some support for the coal seam above and to provide a working channel for the impact head 201 of the crushing component.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the crushing assembly includes a rotary drive, a transmission component, and an impact head 201. The rotary drive, mounted on the base 101, provides power for the movement of the impact head 201. The rotary drive can be a power device such as a motor. The transmission component, connected to the rotary drive, converts the rotational motion of the rotary drive into the linear motion of the impact head 201. The transmission component can adopt various structural forms, such as gear transmission or chain transmission. The impact head 201 is typically a columnar structure, with one end passing through a through-hole in the inclined top plate 102 and connecting to the transmission component, while the other end extends out of the through-hole for direct impact on the coal seam. The impact head 201 can be made of high-strength alloy steel to ensure sufficient strength and wear resistance when impacting the coal seam. The impact head 201 can also be made of other high-strength materials. After the rotary drive is activated, the transmission component drives the impact head 201 to slide linearly within the through-hole, thereby impacting and destroying the coal seam. The presence of the transmission component ensures that the power of the rotary drive component can be stably transmitted to the impact head 201, thereby stabilizing the impact force of the impact head 201 and improving the crushing efficiency of hard top coal.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the transmission component includes a conversion component, a first cylinder 202, a first slider 204, a second cylinder 205, and a second slider 206. The conversion component is connected to the rotary drive component, and its function is to convert the rotational motion of the rotary drive component into linear motion. The conversion component can adopt various structures to achieve this function. The first cylinder 202 is generally cylindrical, with a first annular groove 203 inside. The first cylinder 202 can be made of steel to ensure its strength. The first slider 204 is located inside the first annular groove 203 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first annular groove 203. The first slider 204 is usually an annular structure, but it can also be made of steel. The first slider 204 is fixedly connected to the impact head 201, so that the linear motion of the impact head 201 is more directional and stable, avoiding shaking during the impact. The open end of the second cylinder 205 extends into the first cylinder 202, and the outer wall of the second cylinder 205 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first cylinder 202. The part of the second cylinder 205 extending out of the first cylinder 202 is connected to the conversion component. The second cylinder 205 can also be cylindrical and made of steel. The second slider 206 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second cylinder 205. The second slider 206 is also an annular structure and made of steel. When the conversion component is working, it drives the second cylinder 205 to slide inside the first cylinder 202. At the same time, the second slider 206 will also move under the action of friction. The volume of the first receiving cavity formed by the first slider 204, the second slider 206, the first cylinder 202, and the second cylinder 205 will change, and the volume of the second receiving cavity formed by the second slider 206 and the second cylinder 205 will also change accordingly. When the second cylinder 205 moves to its limit position, the second slider 206 impacts the first slider 204. The first slider 204 slides under the impact force, causing the impact head 201 to move. Then, the switching element moves the second cylinder 205 away from the impact head 201. The second slider 206, propelled by friction and the air pressure in the first receiving chamber, moves away from the first slider 204 and returns to its initial position. This process is repeated to achieve repeated impact on the coal seam. The multi-stage sliding structure allows for flexible adjustment of the impact stroke of the impact head 201, adapting to the crushing requirements of coal seams of different thicknesses.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the conversion component includes a shaft 207, a ball 208, several balls 209, a swing ring 210, and a slide rod 211. The shaft 207, connected to the rotary drive component, is made of metal and is cylindrical in shape. The function of the shaft 207 is to transmit the rotational power of the rotary drive component to the ball 208. The ball 208 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft 207 and fixedly connected to it, and is usually made of high-strength alloy steel. A second annular groove is formed on the ball 208, and the axial direction of the second annular groove makes an acute angle with the axial direction of the shaft 207. Several arc-shaped grooves are provided inside the second annular groove, and these arc-shaped grooves are spaced apart around the axial direction of the second annular groove. Each ball 209 rolls against the inner wall of the corresponding arc-shaped groove, and each ball 209 is at least partially exposed outside the arc-shaped groove. The balls 209 are generally made of hard alloy and have good wear resistance. The inner wall of the swing ring 210 has a third annular groove, and the inner wall of the third annular groove is in rolling connection with all the balls 209. The swing ring 210 is usually an annular structure and made of metal. One end of the slide rod 211 is fixedly connected to the swing ring 210, and the other end is slidably connected to the protrusion of the second cylinder 205. The slide rod 211 can be a rod-shaped structure made of steel. The shaft 207 is connected to the rotary drive component and drives the ball 208 to rotate synchronously. The second annular groove on the ball 208 is set at an acute angle to the axis of the shaft 207. The balls 209 in the arc-shaped groove are in rolling connection with the third annular groove of the swing ring 210, which can smoothly convert the rotational motion of the ball 208 into the swinging motion of the swing ring 210. The swing ring 210 drives the slide rod 211 to swing, and the slide rod 211 drives the second cylinder 205 to slide in connection with the inner wall of the first cylinder 202. Several arc-shaped grooves are distributed at intervals around the second annular groove, so that the balls 209 are subjected to uniform force and the stability of motion conversion is improved. The slide rod 211 connects the swing ring 210 and the second cylinder 205, driving the second cylinder 205 to move parallel to the axis of the shaft 207. This ensures that the movement direction of the second cylinder 205 is consistent with the impact direction of the impact head 201, guaranteeing that the impact head 201 can impact in a precise direction and improve the crushing effect. Simultaneously, the rolling connection method results in less wear compared to a sliding connection, reducing maintenance costs and extending the operating cycle of the device.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the device also includes a housing 212, which, together with the base 101, forms an installation cavity. The rotary drive component and the conversion component are both located within this cavity. The housing 212 is typically welded from steel plates and is a rectangular box shape. The housing 212 serves to protect the rotary drive component and the conversion component, preventing coal dust, gravel, and other debris from the top coal caving face from entering the components and affecting their normal operation. The installation cavity provides a stable installation environment for the components, reducing the impact of face vibration on the rotary drive component and the conversion component, and improving the stability of power transmission. Furthermore, the protective structure reduces the risk of accidental damage to the components during operation and prevents safety threats to personnel during operation, thus improving overall operational safety.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the rotary drive component includes a first motor 213, a first gear 214, and a second gear 215. The first motor 213 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity, typically using bolts or similar methods to ensure stable power output and prevent displacement during motor operation. The first gear 214 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the output shaft of the first motor 213 and fixedly connected to it. The first gear 214 is made of metal and is fixed to the motor output shaft via a key or similar method. The second gear 215 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft 207 and fixedly connected to it. Both ends of the shaft 207 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The second gear 215 is also made of metal. The number of teeth on the second gear 215 is greater than that on the first gear 214, forming a reduction transmission structure. After the first motor 213 starts, it drives the first gear 214 to rotate. The first gear 214, through meshing with the second gear 215, transmits power to the shaft 207, causing the shaft 207 to rotate. Gear transmission offers high efficiency and smooth power delivery, ensuring stable rotational speed of shaft 207 and consequently, stable impact frequency and force of the subsequent impact head 201. The reduction gear transmission structure increases the torque output to shaft 207, enabling it to drive subsequent components stably. Even when facing hard top coal, it ensures sufficient impact force for the impact head 201, enhancing the device's adaptability to hard top coal.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the device also includes a second motor 301, a crankshaft 302, a third slider 303, a triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate 304, and a connecting rod 305. The second motor 301 is fixedly connected to the inclined top plate 102 and is mounted on the inclined top plate 102 by bolts or other means. The crankshaft 302 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor 301. The connecting rod 305 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the crankshaft 302 and rotatably connected to the crankshaft 302. The other end of the connecting rod 305 is rotatably connected to the inclined top plate 102. The third slider 303 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 305 and passes through the inclined top plate 102 before being fixedly connected to the triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate 304. After the second motor 301 is started, it drives the crankshaft 302 to rotate, which drives the connecting rod 305 to swing. The connecting rod 305 drives the third slider 303 to move, which in turn drives the triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate 304 to vibrate. The triangular pyramidal vibrating plate has a moderate contact area with the coal seam, enabling it to concentrate vibration energy and generate numerous cracks, reducing the overall integrity of the coal seam. Combined with the impact of the impact head 201, this further enhances the crushing efficiency and effect of hard roof coal. Both the vibration and impact mechanisms are integrated onto a hydraulic support, eliminating the need for separate drive equipment, simplifying the overall structure of the device, and allowing for synchronous operation with top coal caving. The vibration frequency can be flexibly adjusted by regulating the second motor 301 to adapt to the crushing requirements of coal seams of different hardness, improving the device's adaptability to various operating conditions.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes a horizontal top plate 103, a first hydraulic cylinder 104, a second hydraulic cylinder 105, a first rod 106, and a second rod 107. The horizontal top plate 103 is hinged to the inclined top plate 102, allowing the horizontal top plate 103 to rotate relative to the inclined top plate 102. The mounting end of the first hydraulic cylinder 104 is hinged to the base 101, and its telescopic end is hinged to the horizontal top plate 103; the mounting end of the second hydraulic cylinder 105 is hinged to the horizontal top plate 103, and its telescopic end is hinged to the inclined top plate 102. One end of the first rod 106 is hinged to the inclined top plate 102, and the other end is hinged to the base 101; the second rod 107 is spaced apart from the first rod 106, with one end hinged to the inclined top plate 102 and the other end hinged to the base 101. By adjusting the telescopic movement of the first hydraulic cylinder 104 and the second hydraulic cylinder 105, the tilt angle of the horizontal top plate 103 can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to the undulations of different working surfaces. The first rod 106 and the second rod 107 are hinged at intervals between the inclined roof 102 and the base 101, forming a stable support structure. This enhances the load-bearing capacity of the inclined roof 102 and prevents deformation or damage to the roof due to excessive coal seam pressure. The hydraulic cylinder's telescopic adjustment method is convenient to operate and highly precise, allowing for rapid adaptation to different working conditions. Simultaneously, the stable support structure improves the overall stability and safety of the device, preventing safety hazards caused by roof instability during operation.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes a tail top plate 108 and a third hydraulic cylinder 109. The tail top plate 108 is hinged to the inclined top plate 102, and the mounting end of the third hydraulic cylinder 109 is hinged to the inclined top plate 102, while the other end is hinged to the tail top plate 108. The angle of the tail top plate 108 can be flexibly adjusted by the extension and retraction of the third hydraulic cylinder 109, allowing the tail top plate 108 to conform to the coal seam roof at the tail of the working face, expanding the device's coverage area of ​​the roof and improving the crushing and support effect on the tail coal. The installation method of the third hydraulic cylinder 109 is simple and the adjustment is convenient. It can adjust the position of the tail top plate 108 in real time according to the progress of top coal caving and the collapse of the tail coal, ensuring that the tail top plate 108 is always in the optimal support and auxiliary coal caving position, further improving the top coal recovery rate and reducing coal resource waste.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes a first roof plate 110 and a fourth hydraulic cylinder 111. The first roof plate 110 is hinged to the transverse roof plate 103, and the mounting end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 111 is connected to the transverse roof plate 103, while the other end is hinged to the first roof plate 110. By adjusting the angle of the first roof plate 110 through the extension and retraction of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 111, the first roof plate 110 can be made to fit against the coal seam roof at the head of the working face, forming a comprehensive roof cover support structure in conjunction with the tail roof plate 108, transverse roof plate 103, and inclined roof plate 102, thereby improving the support stability of the entire working face roof. At the same time, the angle adjustment of the first roof plate 110 can adapt to the roof coal of different thicknesses and hardnesses at the head, ensuring the crushing effect of the impact and vibration mechanism on the roof coal at the head, further expanding the operating coverage of the device, and improving the overall roof coal recovery rate. The fourth hydraulic cylinder 111 is precise in adjustment and responds quickly, enabling it to adapt rapidly to changes in the working conditions at the head of the working face, ensuring operational efficiency and safety.

[0044] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: The auxiliary coal dropping device for top coal caving faces mounts a rotary drive component on the base 101 of the hydraulic support body. Through a transmission component, it drives the impact head 201 to impact and break the coal seam, eliminating the need for additional installation supports and adapting to existing equipment environments. The rotary drive component ensures stable power transmission through gear transmission and other structures, resulting in stable impact force from the impact head 201. The multi-stage sliding structure of the transmission component allows for flexible adjustment of the impact stroke of the impact head 201, adapting to coal seams of different thicknesses. The vibration mechanism works in conjunction with the impact mechanism; the triangular cone vibration plate 304 concentrates vibration energy to the coal seam, further enhancing the crushing effect in conjunction with the impact head 201. Simultaneously, multiple hydraulic cylinders adjust the angles of each roof plate, forming a comprehensive roof cover support structure, adapting to different working conditions, improving top coal recovery rate, reducing coal resource waste, and lowering safety risks. This represents a significant improvement and enhancement compared to existing technologies.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An auxiliary coal cutting device for a top coal caving face, characterized in that, include: The hydraulic support body includes a base (101) and an inclined top plate (102), wherein the inclined top plate (102) is mounted on the base (101). The crushing assembly includes a rotary drive, a transmission component, and an impact head (201). The rotary drive is mounted on the base (101) and connected to the transmission component. The inclined top plate (102) has a through hole. One end of the impact head (201) passes through the through hole and is connected to the transmission component. The other end of the impact head (201) extends out of the through hole. The rotary drive can drive the impact head (201) to slide on the inner wall of the through hole through the transmission component. The impact head (201) is used to impact and destroy the coal seam.

2. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission component includes: A converter, connected to the rotary drive, is used to convert rotary motion into linear motion; The first cylindrical body (202) has a first annular groove (203) inside it; The first slider (204) is located inside the first annular groove (203) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first annular groove (203); The impact head (201) extends into the first cylinder (202) and is fixedly connected to the first slider (204); The second cylinder (205) has its open end inserted into the first cylinder (202), and the outer wall of the second cylinder (205) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first cylinder (202). The part of the second cylinder (205) extending out of the first cylinder (202) is connected to the conversion component. The second slider (206) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second cylinder (205).

3. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conversion component includes; Shaft (207) is connected to the rotary drive component; A sphere (208) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft (207) and fixedly connected to the shaft (207). A second annular groove is provided on the sphere (208). The axial direction of the second annular groove makes an acute angle with the axial direction of the shaft (207). A plurality of arc-shaped grooves are provided in the second annular groove. The plurality of arc-shaped grooves are distributed at intervals around the axial direction of the second annular groove. A plurality of balls (209), each ball (209) being rolledly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding arc groove, and each ball (209) being at least partially exposed outside the arc groove; The swing ring (210) has a third annular groove on its inner wall, and the inner wall of the third annular groove is in rolling connection with all the balls (209); The slide rod (211) is fixedly connected at one end to the swing ring (210) and slidably connected at the other end to the protrusion of the second cylinder (205); The direction of movement of the second cylinder (205) is parallel to the axial direction of the shaft (207).

4. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a housing (212), which together with the base (101) forms a mounting cavity, and the rotary drive and the conversion component are both located within the mounting cavity.

5. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotary drive component includes: The first motor (213) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity; The first gear (214) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the output shaft of the first motor (213) and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor (213); The second gear (215) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft (207) and fixedly connected to the shaft (207). Both ends of the shaft (207) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The number of teeth of the second gear (215) is greater than the number of teeth of the first gear (214).

6. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Also includes: The second motor (301) is fixedly connected to the inclined top plate (102); The crankshaft (302) is fixedly connected at one end to the output shaft of the second motor (301) and rotatably connected at the other end to the inclined top plate (102); Connecting rod (305), one end of which is hinged to the crankshaft (302); The third slider (303) is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod (305); The triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate (304) is fixedly connected to the triangular cone-shaped vibrating plate (304) after the third slider (303) passes through the inclined top plate (102).

7. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The horizontal top plate (103) is hinged to the inclined top plate (102); The first hydraulic cylinder (104) has its mounting end hinged to the base (101) and its telescopic end hinged to the horizontal top plate (103); The second hydraulic cylinder (105) has its mounting end hinged to the horizontal top plate (103) and its telescopic end hinged to the inclined top plate (102); The first rod (106) is hinged at one end to the inclined top plate (102) and at the other end to the base (101); The second rod (107) is spaced apart from the first rod (106). One end of the second rod (107) is hinged to the inclined top plate (102), and the other end is hinged to the base (101).

8. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The tail top plate (108) is hinged to the inclined top plate (102); The third hydraulic cylinder (109) has its mounting end hinged to the inclined top plate (102) and its other end hinged to the tail top plate (108).

9. The auxiliary coal cutting device for top coal caving faces according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The top plate (110) is hinged to the horizontal top plate (103); The fourth hydraulic cylinder (111) is connected at one end to the horizontal top plate (103) and at the other end to the first top plate (110).

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