UPS capacity measurement method, measurement equipment, program product and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a UPS capacity measurement method, measurement equipment, a program product and a medium, and relates to the technical field of UPS capacity measurement. In the method, under the condition that the load power of the data center changes drastically, a remarkable polarization effect can be generated in the UPS, so that the capacity of the UPS measured based on the ampere-hour integral method is relatively high. According to the measurement equipment, equivalent thermal resistance reflecting thermodynamic characteristics in the battery and the maximum voltage extreme value difference reflecting electrochemical characteristics are combined, and a polarization coefficient is constructed. Further, the coefficient is multiplied by a time decay factor representing a time response delay, thereby quantizing a polarization loss capacity that is temporarily unable to be released due to a polarization effect. Finally, the dynamic loss is deducted from the traditional ampere-hour integral total capacity, and the current target available capacity is obtained. Therefore, under the condition that the load power changes drastically, the accuracy of measuring the capacity of the UPS is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of UPS power capacity measurement technology, and in particular to a UPS power capacity measurement method, measuring equipment, program product and medium. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial device for ensuring the continuous and stable operation of critical equipment such as data centers and communication base stations, the capacity of the battery, a core component of UPS power supplies, directly affects the reliability of backup power. With the proliferation of data centers, the load of measurement equipment clusters exhibits significant dynamic characteristics, with load power surging from 30% to 95% in a short period, placing higher demands on the dynamic power supply capabilities of UPS power supplies.

[0003] In related technologies, UPS power capacity assessment mainly adopts the ampere-hour integration method, which calculates the released capacity by measuring the product of battery discharge current and time, and corrects the voltage drop coefficient based on a constant internal resistance value. Simultaneously, the remaining usable capacity of the battery is assessed by collecting electrical parameters such as battery terminal voltage and discharge current, combined with a preset empirical coefficient for battery capacity.

[0004] However, under conditions of drastic changes in data center load power, significant polarization occurs within the battery, leading to uneven distribution of electrolyte ion concentration and temporarily preventing the effective capacity of the UPS power supply from being released. Simultaneously, frequent load fluctuations exacerbate internal battery heating, and the rapid accumulation of Joule heat further intensifies polarization, resulting in the actual usable capacity of the UPS power supply being lower than the UPS power supply capacity measured by the ampere-hour integration method in relevant technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a UPS power capacity measurement method, measurement equipment, program product, and medium to improve the accuracy of UPS power capacity measurement under conditions of drastic load power changes.

[0006] Firstly, a method for measuring UPS power supply capacity is provided, applied to a measuring device. The method includes: acquiring voltage data, current data, and temperature data at a preset UPS power supply temperature measurement point within a preset time period when the load current change rate of the target UPS power supply is detected to be greater than a preset change rate threshold; extracting the maximum voltage extreme value difference and the recovery time of the load current change rate from greater than the preset change rate threshold to no greater than the preset change rate threshold from the response curve, wherein the response curve is a response curve of voltage data changing with current data; determining the Joule thermal power by multiplying the square of the root mean square value of the current data by the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply; and determining the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply based on the temperature data and the Joule thermal power, wherein the equivalent thermal resistance is the target UPS power supply capacity. The total thermal resistance along the heat transfer path from the equivalent internal resistance to the preset temperature measurement point within the S power supply; the polarization coefficient is determined by multiplying the equivalent thermal resistance by the difference between the maximum voltage extreme value; the normalized polarization coefficient is obtained by dividing the polarization coefficient by the preset reference polarization coefficient; the polarization recovery time deviation coefficient is obtained by dividing the voltage recovery time by the preset reference recovery time; the time decay factor is determined by exponentially calculating the polarization loss factor by the polarization loss factor and the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply; the polarization loss factor is the product of the normalized polarization coefficient and the time decay factor; the polarization loss capacity is deducted from the total capacity of the target UPS power supply calculated based on the ampere-hour integration method to determine the target usable capacity of the target UPS power supply.

[0007] By employing the above technical solution, a polarization coefficient is constructed by combining the equivalent thermal resistance, which reflects the battery's internal thermodynamic characteristics, with the maximum voltage difference, which reflects its electrochemical characteristics. This coefficient can more profoundly characterize the battery's overall performance bottleneck when facing dynamic shocks. Furthermore, by multiplying this coefficient by a time decay factor, representing time response hysteresis, the polarization loss capacity that cannot be released temporarily due to polarization effects is quantified. Finally, by subtracting this dynamic loss from the traditional ampere-hour integrated total capacity, a current target usable capacity is obtained. This improves the accuracy of UPS power supply capacity measurement under conditions of drastic load power changes.

[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect, before determining the Joule thermal power by multiplying the square of the root mean square value of the current data by the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply, the method further includes: marking the moment when the load current change rate of the target UPS power supply is greater than a preset load current change rate threshold as a sudden change moment; determining the current value corresponding to the sudden change moment as a current reference value; determining the current change amount between the sudden change moment and the moment when the voltage drops to its lowest point in the response curve; using the division of the maximum voltage extreme value difference and the current change amount as a base internal resistance value; multiplying the difference between the average temperature value and the preset reference temperature by a preset temperature coefficient and then adding 1 to determine a temperature correction factor, wherein the average temperature value is determined based on the temperature values ​​of all temperature measurement points; and using the product of the base internal resistance value and the temperature correction factor as the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply.

[0009] By employing the above technical solution, when calculating the equivalent internal resistance, which serves as the basis for heat generation, a basic internal resistance value is first determined by capturing the pure ohmic internal resistance characteristics at the moment of load abrupt change through the ratio of the maximum voltage extreme difference to the current change. Furthermore, by comparing the real-time measured average temperature with a reference temperature and applying a temperature coefficient, the currently measured basic internal resistance value can be dynamically corrected to the level at the standard temperature. This improves the comparability of equivalent internal resistances calculated under different temperature environments, thereby enhancing the accuracy of subsequent heat power calculations.

[0010] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply is determined based on temperature data and Joule thermal power, specifically including: determining the highest and lowest temperature values ​​from all preset UPS power supply temperature measurement points; taking the difference between the highest and lowest temperature values ​​as the maximum temperature difference; taking the division of the maximum temperature difference by Joule thermal power as the instantaneous thermal resistance value; taking the ratio of the voltage recovery time to the preset standard recovery time as the time factor; and taking the product of the instantaneous thermal resistance value and the square root of the time factor as the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, an instantaneous thermal resistance value is first established by dividing the maximum temperature difference by the Joule thermal power. This value directly reflects the heat conduction resistance capability within the battery's internal space. Then, a time factor is introduced. By comparing the actual recovery time with the standard recovery time, the time factor quantifies the system's thermal response hysteresis over time. Finally, by multiplying the instantaneous thermal resistance value by the square root of the time factor, the spatial thermal resistance characteristics and temporal dynamic characteristics are cleverly fused nonlinearly. The resulting equivalent thermal resistance is no longer a static snapshot but a composite index that integrates the heat transfer path and heat accumulation effect, thus providing a more comprehensive and profound reflection of the UPS battery's true thermal management health status.

[0012] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after the step of using the difference between the highest and lowest temperature values ​​as the maximum temperature difference, the method further includes: calculating the geometric distance between each temperature measuring point and the temperature measuring point with the highest temperature value; constructing a temperature-distance distribution curve with the temperature value of each temperature measuring point as the ordinate and the geometric distance as the abscissa; performing linear fitting on the temperature-distance distribution curve to determine the slope of the temperature gradient; the measuring device calculating the fitting determination coefficient of the temperature-distance distribution curve; when the fitting determination coefficient is lower than a preset fitting determination threshold, determining that there is a local hot spot in the temperature data of the preset UPS power supply temperature measuring points; the measuring device identifying the temperature measuring point with the largest deviation from the fitted straight line as an abnormal hot spot; the measuring device removing the abnormal hot spot and recalculating the highest and lowest temperature values; and using the corrected maximum temperature difference calculated based on the recalculated highest and lowest temperature values ​​as the maximum temperature difference.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, an abnormal data identification and cleaning process is added before calculating the maximum temperature difference, which is the basis of thermal resistance. Linear fitting of the temperature-distance distribution curve is used, a feature based on reasonable assumptions about physical laws, namely that the temperature distribution should have a certain continuity and gradient under normal conditions. The coefficient of determination becomes a quantitative evaluation criterion. When this coefficient is below a threshold, it is determined that there are local hot spots deviating from the normal physical model, which are usually caused by sensor failure or severe local degradation. Subsequently, the maximum temperature difference is recalculated after identifying and removing abnormal hot spots. This reduces the possibility of huge deviations in the equivalent thermal resistance calculation results due to serious errors in a single data point.

[0014] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after the step of using the division of the maximum temperature difference with Joule thermal power as the instantaneous thermal resistance value, the method further includes: determining whether the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than a preset minimum thermal resistance threshold or greater than a preset maximum thermal resistance threshold; when the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold, replacing the instantaneous thermal resistance value with the minimum thermal resistance threshold; when the instantaneous thermal resistance value is greater than the maximum thermal resistance threshold, determining the second highest temperature value and the second lowest temperature value from the temperature values ​​of all temperature measurement points; using the difference between the second highest temperature value and the second lowest temperature value as the second maximum temperature difference; and the measuring device replacing the instantaneous thermal resistance value with the division of the second maximum temperature difference with Joule thermal power.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a two-way outlier handling mechanism was established after calculating the instantaneous thermal resistance value. First, by setting minimum and maximum thermal resistance thresholds, an effective engineering range was defined for the calculation results. When the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than the lower limit (usually physically impossible), the minimum thermal resistance threshold is used instead of the instantaneous thermal resistance. This is a conservative protection strategy, reducing the possibility of severely underestimated thermal risks due to faults such as sensor short circuits. When the instantaneous thermal resistance value is greater than the upper limit (usually caused by faults such as sensor detachment), the thermal resistance is recalculated using the second highest and second lowest temperature values. This feature can eliminate the influence of a single, most extreme, and most questionable data point. This combined strategy of lower limit clipping and upper limit correction can filter out abnormal calculation results caused by various common sensor faults, improving the accuracy of the instantaneous thermal resistance value input into subsequent models.

[0016] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, before using the division of the polarization coefficient with a preset reference polarization coefficient as the normalized polarization coefficient, the method further includes: performing a preset number of load step tests under standard operating conditions on the target UPS power supply, and calculating the standard polarization coefficient in each load step test; calculating the arithmetic mean and standard deviation based on all standard polarization coefficients; and eliminating standard polarization coefficients that are less than a lower threshold or greater than an upper threshold, where the lower threshold is the arithmetic mean minus a preset multiple of the standard deviation, and the upper threshold is the arithmetic mean plus a preset multiple. The standard deviation of the number of polarization factors is used as the initial reference polarization factor; the arithmetic mean calculated based on the residual standard polarization factor is used as the initial reference polarization factor; the service life of the target UPS power supply is divided by the preset design life to determine the aging ratio; the number of charge and discharge cycles of the target UPS power supply is divided by the preset rated number of cycles to determine the cycle aging ratio; the aging correction factor is determined by adding the product of the aging ratio and the preset service life weight and the product of the cycle aging ratio and the preset cycle weight; the measuring equipment uses the product of the initial reference polarization factor and the aging correction factor as the preset reference polarization factor.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when determining the preset benchmark polarization coefficient for comparison, an initial benchmark polarization coefficient representing the battery's brand-new state is first obtained by statistically calculating and eliminating outliers (3σ criterion) from multiple standard test results. The aging correction factor quantifies the inevitable performance degradation of the battery over time and use by weighting and fusing the aging ratio of years to cycles. Finally, by multiplying the initial benchmark by this aging factor, a dynamically evolving preset benchmark polarization coefficient is generated, thereby improving the accuracy of the preset benchmark polarization coefficient.

[0018] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after determining the target available capacity of the target UPS power supply, the method further includes: using the ratio of polarization loss capacity to the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply as the polarization loss ratio; and generating an abnormal polarization effect warning message for the target UPS power supply when the polarization loss ratio is greater than a preset polarization loss threshold.

[0019] The polarization loss ratio is calculated by comparing the polarization loss capacity with the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply. Then, by comparing this ratio with a preset polarization loss threshold, when an anomaly is detected, a warning message for abnormal polarization effects is generated instead of a vague battery fault alarm. This allows maintenance personnel to understand the specific nature of the problem (such as a decrease in dynamic response capability) immediately, improving the efficiency and safety of UPS power supply maintenance.

[0020] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a measuring device, which includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the measuring device to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0021] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product containing instructions that, when the computer program product is run on a measuring device, cause the measuring device to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0022] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on a measuring device, cause the measuring device to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0023] It is understood that the measuring device provided in the second aspect, the computer program product provided in the third aspect, and the computer storage medium provided in the fourth aspect are all used to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0024] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0025] 1. Due to significant polarization effects within UPS power supplies under drastic load power fluctuations in data centers, the UPS capacity measured using the ampere-hour integration method tends to be overestimated. This invention combines the equivalent thermal resistance, reflecting the battery's internal thermodynamic characteristics, with the maximum voltage difference, reflecting its electrochemical characteristics, to construct a polarization coefficient. This coefficient more profoundly characterizes the battery's overall performance bottleneck when facing dynamic shocks. Furthermore, this coefficient is multiplied by a time decay factor representing time response hysteresis to quantify the polarization loss capacity that cannot be released temporarily due to polarization effects. Finally, by subtracting this dynamic loss from the traditional ampere-hour integrated total capacity, a current target usable capacity is obtained. This improves the accuracy of UPS power supply capacity measurement under drastic load power fluctuations.

[0026] 2. When calculating the equivalent internal resistance, which serves as the basis for heat generation, the measuring equipment first captures the pure ohmic internal resistance characteristics at the moment of load abrupt change by using the ratio of the maximum voltage extreme difference to the current change, thereby determining a basic internal resistance value. Furthermore, by comparing the real-time measured average temperature with a reference temperature and applying a temperature coefficient, the currently measured basic internal resistance value can be dynamically corrected to the level at the standard temperature. This improves the comparability of equivalent internal resistances calculated under different temperature environments, thus enhancing the accuracy of subsequent heat power calculations.

[0027] 3. When determining the preset reference polarization coefficient for comparison, the measuring equipment first obtains an initial reference polarization coefficient representing the battery's brand-new state by statistically calculating and eliminating outliers from multiple standard test results (3σ criterion). The aging correction factor quantifies the inevitable performance degradation of the battery over time and use by weighting and fusing the aging ratio of years to cycle aging ratio. Finally, by multiplying the initial reference by this aging factor, a dynamically evolving preset reference polarization coefficient is generated, thereby improving the accuracy of the preset reference polarization coefficient. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a UPS power capacity measurement method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining equivalent thermal resistance in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a preset reference polarization coefficient in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of a measuring device in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The terminology used in the following embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items.

[0033] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0034] This application provides a UPS power capacity measurement method, measurement equipment, program product, and medium to improve the accuracy of UPS power capacity measurement under conditions of drastic load power changes.

[0035] The following describes a UPS power capacity measurement method according to an embodiment of this application:

[0036] Please see Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a UPS power capacity measurement method in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] S101. When the load current change rate of the target UPS power supply is detected to be greater than the preset change rate threshold, the voltage data, current data and temperature data of the preset UPS power supply temperature measurement point are acquired within a preset time period.

[0038] The target UPS power supply refers to the uninterruptible power supply device that is currently in operation and whose capacity needs to be measured. The load current change rate represents how quickly the target UPS output current changes over time; it is the first derivative of current with respect to time and is used to quantify the dynamics of the load. For example, if the current surges from 100A to 500A in 0.1 seconds, its change rate can be approximated as (500-100) / 0.1 = 4000A / s. The preset change rate threshold is a pre-set standard value used to determine whether the load has undergone a drastic change; for example, it can be set to 100A / s. The preset time represents the continuous window for data acquisition. Voltage data, current data, and temperature data refer to a series of discrete data points collected by sensors on the measuring equipment.

[0039] Specifically, the measuring device samples the load current and calculates the current difference between adjacent sampling points in real time, then divides it by the sampling interval to obtain the instantaneous current change rate. This calculated instantaneous current change rate is compared with a preset change rate threshold stored in non-volatile memory. Once the absolute value of the instantaneous current change rate exceeds the preset change rate threshold, an event capture procedure is immediately triggered. This procedure opens a data buffer and begins high-speed, synchronous recording of data streams from voltage sensors, Hall current sensors, and multiple temperature sensors located at key locations in the battery pack (such as positive and negative terminals, and the middle surface of individual battery cells). Data acquisition continues for a preset time, such as 15 seconds. This preset time is pre-assessed to be sufficient to cover the entire process from voltage drop to full recovery, thus providing a complete and accurate data foundation for subsequent analysis.

[0040] In some embodiments, the event capture procedure can be triggered in several ways: Optionally, an edge-triggered method based on a hardware comparator can be used: The real-time current signal of the target UPS power supply is input into an analog differentiating circuit, the output voltage of which is proportional to the rate of change of current. This output voltage is fed into one end of a hardware comparator, and the other end of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage representing a preset rate of change threshold. When the comparator output state flips (indicating that the rate of change exceeds the limit), its output signal is directly sent to the processor as a hardware interrupt request, triggering the data acquisition procedure and achieving extremely low latency response.

[0041] It is understandable that other methods can be used to trigger the event capture procedure, and this is not limited here.

[0042] S102. Extract the recovery time from the response curve when the maximum voltage extreme value difference and the load current change rate change are greater than the preset change rate threshold to no greater than the preset change rate threshold.

[0043] The response curve, plotted with current data on the x-axis and voltage data on the y-axis, visually reflects the dynamic relationship between the target UPS power supply output voltage and load current. The maximum voltage extreme value difference, measured in volts (V), is the difference between the highest and lowest voltage values ​​on the response curve, used to quantify the voltage fluctuation amplitude during load changes.

[0044] Specifically, the measuring device first aligns the voltage and current data acquired in step S101 by time, and plots a response curve with the current value on the horizontal axis and the voltage value at the corresponding moment on the vertical axis. Then, it identifies the peak (highest value) and valley (lowest value) of the voltage on the curve, and calculates the difference between the two, which is the maximum voltage extreme value difference. At the same time, it locates the moment when the load current change rate first exceeds the preset threshold (denoted as t1) and the moment when it first drops below the threshold and does not exceed the threshold again within the next 3 seconds (denoted as t2) from the time series. The recovery time is the difference between t2 and t1. This recovery time reflects the time required for the target UPS power supply to stabilize from a sudden load change, indirectly reflecting the decay speed of the polarization effect.

[0045] S103. The product of the square of the root mean square value of the current data and the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply is determined as the Joule thermal power.

[0046] The root mean square (RMS) value of the current data refers to the equivalent constant direct current in terms of the thermal effect of a time-varying current. The equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply refers to the equivalent resistance value that comprehensively reflects the total resistance effect of all resistive components (such as winding resistance and device on-resistance) within the target UPS power supply. Joule thermal power refers to the average rate (in watts) of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistive effect when current flows through the equivalent internal resistance. This is the direct cause of the battery temperature rise under dynamic load, and its calculation follows Joule's Lenz law.

[0047] Specifically, this step aims to quantify the average Joule heat generated inside the target UPS power supply during periods of drastic load power changes. The principle behind this calculation is analyzed from three core perspectives: Ohm's law, the power calculation formula, and the physical meaning of the root mean square (RMS) value.

[0048] 1. The essence of heat generation power - Joule's Lenz's law: Any conductor will generate heat when an electric current flows through it, and its heat generation power P is directly proportional to the square of the current I and the conductor's resistance R, i.e., P = I. 2 R is the universal physical basis for calculating the heating power of a resistor.

[0049] 2. Physical Meaning of RMS Value - Equivalent Thermal Effect: In scenarios where the UPS load changes drastically, the current i(t) is a non-steady-state quantity that varies rapidly with time. Directly using the instantaneous current to calculate power would be very complex and would not reflect the overall thermal effect. Therefore, the root mean square (RMS) value is introduced, which serves to equate this changing current i(t) to a constant DC current I. RMSI The so-called equivalence refers to this constant direct current I. RMSIWhen flowing through the same resistor R, the heat generated in the same amount of time is equal to the total heat generated by the changing current i(t).

[0050] 3. Derivation and Application: For a changing current i(t), its instantaneous heating power at any given moment is p(t) = i(t). 2 R. In this application embodiment, the focus is on the average heat generation power over the entire event, that is, the average value of the instantaneous power over one cycle or one event duration T:

[0051]

[0052] According to the definition of root mean square value Substituting into the above formula, we can obtain .

[0053] S104. Determine the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply based on temperature data and Joule thermal power.

[0054] Equivalent thermal resistance is used to represent the total resistance encountered in the heat transfer path from the heat-generating core inside the battery to the external measurable temperature measurement point under the current dynamic operating conditions.

[0055] Specifically, the measuring equipment determines the highest and lowest temperature values ​​from all preset UPS power supply temperature measurement points. The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures is then taken as the maximum temperature difference. Next, the maximum temperature difference is divided by the Joule heat power to obtain the instantaneous thermal resistance value. Then, the ratio of the voltage recovery time to the preset standard recovery time is taken as the time factor. Finally, the instantaneous thermal resistance value is multiplied by the square root of the time factor to obtain the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply.

[0056] S105. The product of the equivalent thermal resistance and the difference between the maximum voltage extreme values ​​is determined as the polarization coefficient.

[0057] Among them, the polarization coefficient is a parameter that comprehensively quantifies the coupling relationship between the intensity of polarization effect and thermal resistance. The unit is ℃・V / W. The larger the value, the more significant the coupling effect between polarization effect and heat accumulation.

[0058] S106. The division of the polarization coefficient with the preset reference polarization coefficient is used as the normalized polarization coefficient.

[0059] The polarization coefficient, obtained in step S105, is a parameter characterizing the intensity of polarization and thermal coupling, measured in °C·V / W. The preset reference polarization coefficient is the baseline value of the target UPS power supply's polarization coefficient under standard operating conditions (e.g., rated load, normal temperature, no significant polarization), determined through factory testing or multiple calibrations, and also measured in °C·V / W. The normalized polarization coefficient is the ratio of the polarization coefficient to the reference value; it is dimensionless and used to quantify the degree of deviation of the actual polarization intensity from the ideal state.

[0060] S107. The division value between the voltage recovery time and the preset reference recovery time is used as the polarization recovery time deviation coefficient.

[0061] Among them, voltage recovery time refers to the duration, in seconds, of the load current change rate reflecting the transition from exceeding the limit to stabilization, extracted in step S102. Preset reference recovery time refers to the reference value of the UPS power supply's recovery time under standard operating conditions, determined through factory testing. Polarization recovery time deviation coefficient is the ratio of the actual recovery time to the reference value; it is dimensionless and used to quantify the delay in the polarization effect's fading speed relative to the ideal state.

[0062] S108. Perform an exponential calculation on the polarization recovery time deviation coefficient to determine the time decay factor.

[0063] The polarization recovery time deviation coefficient is a dimensionless parameter obtained in step S107 that reflects the degree of recovery delay. The exponential operation refers to the operation with base e and the polarization recovery time deviation coefficient as the exponent. The time decay factor is the result of the operation, dimensionless, used to quantify the degree to which the influence of polarization decays over time.

[0064] This step is based on the physical law that polarization effects decay over time, transforming the recovery time deviation into a weighted impact on polarization loss. The decay process of polarization effects (such as electrochemical polarization in batteries and electromagnetic polarization in inductors) follows an exponential decay law: initially, due to severe polarization, the recovery speed is fast (with a large impact on capacity loss), and later, as polarization gradually fades, the recovery speed slows down (the impact weakens).

[0065] Exponential operations with base e can characterize this property: as the deviation coefficient increases (the delay becomes more severe), the exponential result can reflect a nonlinear relationship where the rate of loss growth is initially fast and then slows down. If a linear model is used (such as directly multiplying by the deviation coefficient), the impact of later polarization will be overestimated, which is inconsistent with the actual physical process.

[0066] S109. The polarization loss factor is the product of the polarization loss factor and the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply. The polarization loss factor is the product of the normalized polarization coefficient and the time decay factor.

[0067] S110. Subtract the polarization loss capacity from the total capacity of the target UPS power supply calculated based on the ampere-hour integration method to determine the target available capacity of the target UPS power supply.

[0068] Among them, the polarization loss capacity is the capacity that is temporarily unusable due to polarization effects, calculated in step S109. The target total UPS power supply capacity calculated based on the ampere-hour integration method refers to the total amount of battery power that has been released or remains, calculated using traditional methods (continuously measuring the discharge current and integrating over time).

[0069] S111. The ratio of polarization loss capacity to the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply is used as the polarization loss ratio.

[0070] Specifically, first, the polarization loss capacity value (e.g., 12Ah) is obtained from the calculation result of step S109, and then its nominal capacity (e.g., 100Ah) is read from the static configuration parameters of the device. Next, the calculation is performed: Polarization loss percentage = Polarization loss capacity / Nominal capacity. In this example, the calculation result is 12Ah / 100Ah = 0.12, which is usually expressed as 12%. The significance of this result is that it provides a uniform benchmark regardless of battery model or size. Whether it is a small-capacity or large-capacity UPS, a 12% polarization loss represents a similar level of performance degradation, providing a consistent basis for the next threshold determination.

[0071] In some embodiments, the polarization loss percentage can be determined in several ways: Optionally, a dynamic benchmark method based on the current state of health (SOH) can be used: the target UPS power supply's BMS system continuously tracks battery aging and estimates a current state of health (SOH), which directly corresponds to the battery's current maximum available capacity (e.g., a 100Ah battery with an SOH of 80% has a current maximum capacity of approximately 80Ah). When calculating the percentage, the denominator does not use a fixed nominal capacity, but rather this dynamically changing current maximum available capacity. In this case, the polarization loss percentage = 12Ah / 80Ah = 15%. This new percentage better reflects the severity of the current polarization loss relative to the current maximum available capacity of the target UPS power supply, and is more sensitive for diagnosing sudden problems with aging batteries. Optionally, a composite loss index method incorporating the rate of change can also be constructed: not only is the current polarization loss percentage calculated, but it is also compared with stored historical values. Historical percentage data calculated from previous dynamic events is retrieved, and the rate of change (i.e., slope or derivative) of this percentage is calculated. The final output is not a single percentage value, but a polarized health index that combines the current value and the trend of change. For example: Polarized Health Index = Weight 1 × Current Percentage + Weight 2 × Rate of Change. For a percentage that is deteriorating rapidly (even if the current value is not too high), a worse health index can be obtained, thus enabling earlier warning.

[0072] S112. When the polarization loss ratio is greater than the preset polarization loss threshold, generate an abnormal polarization effect warning message for the target UPS power supply.

[0073] Specifically, after calculating the polarization loss percentage in step S111, it is immediately compared with a preset polarization loss threshold read from the system configuration. If the condition is true (e.g., 17% > 15%), the target UPS power supply will trigger the alarm generation module. This module will perform a series of operations, such as: displaying a message on the target UPS power supply's screen that reads "Warning: Abnormal battery polarization effect, loss percentage reaches 17%, exceeding the 15% threshold, maintenance check recommended!" and illuminating a dedicated battery maintenance indicator light. It will also send an alarm message with detailed diagnostic information to the host computer monitoring system via a network interface (such as SNMP, Modbus, or HTTP API).

[0074] In the above embodiments, under conditions of drastic changes in data center load power, a significant polarization effect occurs within the UPS power supply, leading to an overestimation of the UPS power supply capacity measured using the ampere-hour integration method. In this invention, the measuring device combines the equivalent thermal resistance, reflecting the battery's internal thermodynamic characteristics, with the maximum voltage extreme difference, reflecting its electrochemical characteristics, to construct a polarization coefficient. This coefficient can more profoundly characterize the battery's overall performance bottleneck when facing dynamic shocks. Furthermore, this coefficient is multiplied by a time decay factor representing time response hysteresis to quantify the polarization loss capacity that cannot be temporarily released due to the polarization effect. Finally, by subtracting this dynamic loss from the traditional ampere-hour integrated total capacity, a current target usable capacity is obtained. This improves the accuracy of UPS power supply capacity measurement under conditions of drastic load power changes.

[0075] However, since the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply changes with temperature, a method for determining the equivalent thermal resistance in this application embodiment is described below:

[0076] Please see Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining equivalent thermal resistance in an embodiment of this application.

[0077] S201. Determine the highest and lowest temperature values ​​from all preset UPS power supply temperature measurement points.

[0078] This step aims to capture the most extreme temperature conditions resulting from the combined effects of Joule heating and uneven heat dissipation. Specifically, after acquiring all data during the dynamic event in step S101, the measuring device accesses the buffer storing the event data, which contains the temperature values ​​of preset UPS power supply temperature measurement points. The measuring device then iterates through the data sequence of each temperature measurement point, identifies the maximum and minimum values ​​in the sequence, and compares these local extrema from different temperature measurement points to ultimately determine a maximum and a minimum temperature value. For example, assuming there are 5 temperature measurement points, the measuring device identifies the peak temperature of each of the 5 sensors during the event, and then selects the largest of these 5 peaks as the final maximum temperature value.

[0079] In some embodiments, the highest and lowest temperature values ​​can be determined in several ways: Optionally, a digital filtering preprocessing method can be used: For the raw temperature data sequence collected from each temperature measurement point, a low-pass digital filter (e.g., median filtering or moving average filtering) is first applied. This eliminates transient, inaccurate spike noise that may be caused by electromagnetic interference, preventing these noises from being incorrectly identified as the highest or lowest temperature. On the smoother temperature curve after filtering, a global maximum and minimum value search algorithm is then performed to obtain more stable and reliable extreme value results. Optionally, a spatiotemporal heatmap analysis method can also be used: The temperature data from all temperature measurement points during the entire event is constructed into a two-dimensional matrix (or heatmap), where one dimension is time and the other dimension is the spatial location of the sensor. An extreme value detection algorithm from image processing is applied to directly find the brightest (highest temperature) and darkest (lowest temperature) pixels on the heatmap. This method not only finds the highest and lowest temperature values ​​but also obtains their occurrence time and specific location, providing additional information for more in-depth fault diagnosis.

[0080] It is understandable that other methods can be used to determine the maximum and minimum temperature values. For example, before determining the extreme values, the health status of each sensor can be diagnosed, and sensor data with obviously drifting readings or no response can be temporarily blocked. This is not limited here.

[0081] S202. The difference between the highest and lowest temperature values ​​is taken as the maximum temperature difference.

[0082] Specifically, the maximum temperature difference directly reflects the degree of imbalance between the battery's heat generation and dissipation capabilities. A healthy, well-designed battery system should maintain a relatively small internal temperature difference when subjected to impact. Conversely, a very large maximum temperature difference may indicate various problems: for example, severe battery aging leading to a sharp increase in internal resistance and high heat generation; blocked cooling ducts or fan malfunctions preventing effective heat dissipation; or an internal short circuit in a single battery cell, creating a localized hotspot. Therefore, the maximum temperature difference is a fundamental input for subsequent calculations of instantaneous thermal resistance and an important indicator of battery health.

[0083] In some embodiments, the maximum temperature difference can be determined in several ways: Optionally, a spatial distribution-based outlier removal method can be used: before calculating the temperature difference, data cleaning is performed. The physical geometric distance between each temperature measurement point and the temperature measurement point with the highest reading is calculated. Then, a temperature-distance distribution map is constructed with distance as the x-axis and temperature as the y-axis, and a linear fit is performed on it. If the temperature distribution of all temperature measurement points is uniform, these points should be roughly on a straight line, and the goodness of fit (coefficient of determination R²) will be high. If the calculated R² value is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., 0.8), an outlier hotspot deviating from the normal temperature gradient is identified. The point farthest from the fitted line is identified, its data is removed, and the highest and lowest values ​​are recalculated using the remaining points to obtain a corrected maximum temperature difference that excludes extreme outliers. Optionally, a statistical extreme value pruning method can also be used: all temperature readings of all temperature measurement points during the event are aggregated into a large dataset. This dataset is sorted, and the highest and lowest N% of the data are discarded (e.g., the highest 5% and the lowest 5%). In the remaining 90% of core data, the maximum and minimum values ​​are then identified, and their differences are calculated. This method effectively resists small deviations or noise from multiple sensors simultaneously, resulting in more robust temperature difference values.

[0084] It is understandable that other methods can be used to determine the maximum temperature difference, such as using the standard deviation or variance of the temperatures at all measuring points as an indicator of temperature non-uniformity to replace or supplement the maximum temperature difference; this is not limited here.

[0085] S203. The value of dividing the maximum temperature difference by the Joule heat power is used as the instantaneous thermal resistance value.

[0086] Specifically, this step connects the thermal phenomenon (the maximum temperature difference obtained in step S202) with electrical heat generation. The measuring device performs a division operation: instantaneous thermal resistance = maximum temperature difference / Joule thermal power. The logic of this calculation is analogous to Ohm's law in electricity (resistance R = voltage V / current I). Here, the maximum temperature difference plays the role of thermal pressure difference (similar to voltage), while the Joule thermal power plays the role of heat flow (similar to current). The calculated instantaneous thermal resistance is expressed in °C / W, and its physical meaning is how much internal and external temperature difference is caused by every 1 watt of heat generated inside the battery under the operating conditions of this event.

[0087] S204. Determine whether the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold or greater than the preset maximum thermal resistance threshold.

[0088] After determining in step S204 that the instantaneous thermal resistance value is not less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold or not greater than the preset maximum thermal resistance threshold, step S209 is executed. After determining in step S204 that the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold or greater than the preset maximum thermal resistance threshold, steps S205-S208 are executed.

[0089] Specifically, this step is a data validity or rationality check. The measuring device compares the instantaneous thermal resistance value with a preset minimum thermal resistance threshold (e.g., 0.1°C / W) and with a preset maximum thermal resistance threshold (e.g., 5.0°C / W) to determine whether the instantaneous thermal resistance value calculated in step S203 is physically or engineeringally reasonable. An excessively low thermal resistance value may mean that the maximum temperature difference is almost zero, which is unrealistic in the case of significant Joule heat power, usually indicating a collective failure or short circuit of the temperature sensors. An excessively high thermal resistance value strongly suggests that a temperature sensor may have detached (reading at a lower ambient temperature, causing the maximum temperature difference to be widened) or that there is an extreme anomaly inside the battery.

[0090] S205. When the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold, the minimum thermal resistance threshold is used to replace the instantaneous thermal resistance value.

[0091] When the instantaneous thermal resistance is less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold, the minimum thermal resistance threshold is used to replace the instantaneous thermal resistance. This allows a known, conservative value representing a lower limit that cannot be lowered even under ideal heat dissipation conditions, in cases where the instantaneous thermal resistance is too low and does not conform to physical laws. This ensures that subsequent calculations (such as in step S210) can yield a safe, redundant result even if the original data is incorrect, thus improving the robustness of the method.

[0092] S206. When the instantaneous thermal resistance value is greater than the maximum thermal resistance threshold, determine the second highest temperature value and the second lowest temperature value from the temperature values ​​of all temperature measurement points.

[0093] Specifically, when the instantaneous thermal resistance exceeds the maximum thermal resistance threshold, it is usually caused by an extreme malfunction of a single sensor (such as detachment or poor contact). Therefore, the most direct correction approach is to eliminate the most suspicious data. The measuring device queries the temperature data processed in step S201 again, finds the highest global temperature value, ignores it, and then finds the next highest value among all the remaining data, which is the second highest temperature value. Then it finds the lowest global temperature value, ignores it, and then finds the next lowest value among all the remaining data, which is the second lowest temperature value. The core idea of ​​this process is to eliminate the significant impact of a single outlier on the overall temperature gradient calculation through data pruning.

[0094] S207. The difference between the second highest temperature value and the second lowest temperature value shall be taken as the second maximum temperature difference.

[0095] S208. The measuring device replaces the instantaneous thermal resistance value with the division of the second maximum temperature difference and the Joule thermal power.

[0096] Step S209 is executed after steps S205-S208.

[0097] S209. Use the ratio of voltage recovery time to preset standard recovery time as a time factor.

[0098] Specifically, this step is performed after the instantaneous thermal resistance value has been calculated and corrected in steps S203-S208 to obtain a final instantaneous thermal resistance value. This step aims to introduce the influence of the time dimension into the thermal resistance calculation. The preset standard recovery time is read from the device configuration; this value is usually measured during factory calibration. Then, the voltage recovery time of the current event extracted in step S102 is used as the numerator, and the preset standard recovery time is used as the denominator, and a division operation is performed. For example, if the preset standard recovery time is 4 seconds and the voltage recovery time is 6 seconds, then the time factor is 1.5. This factor is greater than 1, indicating that the recovery process is 50% slower than normal, suggesting that there may be more severe effects such as concentration polarization that accumulate over time.

[0099] S210. The product of the instantaneous thermal resistance value and the square root of the time factor is taken as the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply.

[0100] Specifically, this step is the final step in the thermal resistance calculation, fusing information from both spatial and temporal dimensions. The measuring device retrieves the final instantaneous thermal resistance value obtained after processing in steps S203-S208, and also retrieves the time factor calculated in step S209. The time factor is first squared, and then multiplied by the instantaneous thermal resistance value. Using the square root is a non-linear weighting strategy: it acknowledges that the longer the recovery time, the more severe the thermal effect, but its growth effect is moderate. Compared to linear multiplication, this prevents the final equivalent thermal resistance from being disproportionately amplified due to extremely long recovery times, making the invention more stable and robust under various operating conditions. This finally calculated equivalent thermal resistance will serve as the key input for calculating the polarization coefficient in step S105.

[0101] Since the preset reference polarization coefficient of the target UPS power supply changes as the target UPS power supply ages, the following describes a method for determining the preset reference polarization coefficient in an embodiment of this application:

[0102] Please see Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a preset reference polarization coefficient in an embodiment of this application.

[0103] S301. Perform a preset number of load step tests under standard operating conditions for the target UPS power supply, and calculate the standard polarization coefficient in each load step test.

[0104] In this context, "standard operating condition" refers to a set of controlled and reproducible test environments and equipment states, typically representing the optimal state of battery performance. Examples include an ambient temperature of 25°C ± 2°C, a battery state of charge (SOC) of 95%–100%, and no equipment activity or alarms. "Preset number of tests" refers to the predetermined number of test repetitions to obtain statistically reliable data, such as 10 or 20 times. A load step test is a specific dynamic load testing method used to represent applying a sudden, large load change to the UPS, for example, increasing the load from 10% to 90% of rated power within 1 millisecond. The standard polarization coefficient is the polarization coefficient value obtained after executing steps S101 to S105 in each standard load step test. It represents the baseline performance of the UPS under ideal healthy conditions when responding to a standard load impact.

[0105] Specifically, this step is typically performed during the final quality inspection (FAT) stage before the UPS equipment leaves the factory, or during the field acceptance test (SAT) stage after the equipment is installed and commissioned. Operators or automated testing equipment will adjust the UPS power supply to standard operating conditions. Then, a test sequence is initiated, which repeatedly performs a preset number of load step tests. In each load step test, a transient load change is applied to the programmable electronic load connected to the UPS output. Simultaneously, the UPS's internal measurement system collects voltage, current, and temperature data during this load event, similar to step S101. Next, all calculations from steps S102 to S105 are performed to obtain a standard polarization coefficient, which is then stored. This process is repeated until all preset number of tests are completed, ultimately yielding a sample dataset containing multiple standard polarization coefficient values.

[0106] S302. Calculate the arithmetic mean and standard deviation based on all standard polarization coefficients.

[0107] S303. Remove standard polarization coefficients that are less than the lower threshold or greater than the upper threshold. The lower threshold is the arithmetic mean minus a preset multiple of the standard deviation, and the upper threshold is the arithmetic mean plus a preset multiple of the standard deviation.

[0108] The lower and upper thresholds together constitute a confidence interval, representing a reasonable data range defined by the statistical distribution of the test data. The preset multiple is a coefficient used to adjust the width of this confidence interval, typically set to 2 or 3. This corresponds to the 2σ or 3σ criterion in statistics. For example, choosing 3 times the standard deviation means that theoretically, approximately 99.7% of normal data points should fall within this interval. Outlier removal refers to identifying data points outside the confidence interval as outliers and removing them from the sample dataset. These outliers are considered to be due to accidental, unrepresentative interference during the testing process.

[0109] Specifically, after calculating the mean and standard deviation in step S302, the boundaries of the interval are calculated based on a preset multiple (e.g., 3): lower threshold = arithmetic mean - 3 × standard deviation; upper threshold = arithmetic mean + 3 × standard deviation. Then, the original N standard polarization coefficient values ​​from step S301 are iterated again. For each value, a judgment is made: check whether the value is within the closed interval [lower threshold, upper threshold]. If the value falls outside the interval, it is marked as an outlier and removed from the dataset. After this round of filtering, a new dataset, possibly smaller in size, without extreme outliers, is obtained. This clean dataset will be used to calculate the final initial baseline polarization coefficients.

[0110] S304. Use the arithmetic mean calculated based on the remaining standard polarization coefficients as the initial reference polarization coefficients.

[0111] S305. The aging ratio is determined by dividing the service life of the target UPS power supply by the preset design life.

[0112] The target UPS lifespan refers to the time elapsed from the initial installation, commissioning, and formal operation of the equipment to the present moment, typically measured in years or days. The preset design lifespan refers to the expected service life of the UPS (especially its battery pack) under normal operating conditions, given by the manufacturer based on its design, materials, and extensive testing; for example, 10 years. The aging percentage is a dimensionless ratio used to indicate the percentage of the UPS's lifespan that has been consumed.

[0113] Specifically, the UPS system controller (or BMS) reads the installation date stored internally and compares it with the current system real-time clock (RTC) to calculate the time difference, which is the service life. Simultaneously, it reads the factory-set preset design life from the equipment's configuration parameters. Then, it performs a division operation: Aging percentage = Service life / Preset design life. For example, a UPS with a design life of 10 years that has been used for 3 years has an aging percentage of 3 / 10 = 0.3.

[0114] In some embodiments, the aging ratio can be determined in several ways: Optionally, a piecewise nonlinear calculation method can be used: considering that the aging rate is not constant (e.g., aging may accelerate in the early and late stages), simple linear division can be avoided. A piecewise or nonlinear function model is established, taking the number of years of use as input, and directly outputting an equivalent aging ratio that better reflects the true degree of aging. For example, the model may specify that the aging ratio accumulates more slowly in the first two years, while the accumulation rate will accelerate significantly in the last two years. Optionally, environmental factors can also be incorporated for correction: the aging rate of batteries is extremely sensitive to ambient temperature, and high temperatures will significantly accelerate aging. UPS systems record historical ambient temperature data during long-term operation. When calculating the aging ratio, based on this historical temperature data, models such as the Arrhenius equation are applied to first calculate an equivalent service life. For example, operating at 35°C for one year may have the same lifespan consumption as operating at 25°C for two years. Dividing this equivalent service life by the design life yields a more accurate result.

[0115] It is understandable that other methods can be used to determine the aging ratio, such as giving different weights to the downtime and storage time in the total service life, since the aging rate during storage is different from that during operation, and this is not limited here.

[0116] S306. The ratio of the number of charge / discharge cycles of the target UPS power supply to the preset rated number of cycles is determined as the cycle aging ratio.

[0117] S307. Add the product of the aging ratio over the years and the product of the aging ratio over the years and the product of the cyclic aging ratio and the cyclic weight to the cyclic weight, and then add 1 to determine the aging correction factor.

[0118] The preset age weight and preset cycle weight are two pre-defined, dimensionless coefficients (usually summed to 1) used to represent the relative importance of calendar aging and cycle aging mechanisms when assessing the overall aging of a battery. For example, for a standby UPS that is constantly in float charging mode, the age weight might be set to 0.7 and the cycle weight to 0.3. The aging correction factor integrates the effects of both aging paths and is used to dynamically amplify the initial baseline polarization coefficient to reflect the inevitable performance degradation caused by battery aging.

[0119] Specifically, the measuring device acquires the aging ratio calculated in step S305 and the cycle aging ratio calculated in step S306. Simultaneously, it reads the preset aging weight and preset cycle weight from the configuration. Then, it performs a weighted summation calculation: Overall Aging Degree = (Aging Ratio × Preset Aging Weight) + (Cycle Aging Ratio × Preset Cycle Weight). Finally, it adds 1 to this overall aging degree to obtain the final aging correction factor: Aging Correction Factor = 1 + Overall Aging Degree. Adding 1 ensures that the aging correction factor for a brand-new, unused UPS (where both aging ratios are 0) is exactly 1, meaning no correction is made to the initial baseline. With use, this factor will smoothly increase from 1.

[0120] S308. The measuring device uses the product of the initial reference polarization coefficient and the aging correction factor as the preset reference polarization coefficient.

[0121] The above describes a UPS power capacity measurement method in the embodiments of this application. The following describes an exemplary measurement device 400 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0122] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary hardware structure of the measuring device 400 provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, the measuring device 400 is a computer device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected via a measuring device bus. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores operating measuring devices, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating measuring devices and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device stores data. The network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with other external terminals or measuring devices via a network connection. In some embodiments, the network interface can be a wired network interface; in some embodiments, the network interface can also be a wireless network interface. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a UPS power capacity measurement method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0124] In some embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, including instructions that, when executed on the measuring device 400, cause the measuring device 400 to perform a UPS power capacity measurement method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0125] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0126] As used in the above embodiments, depending on the context, the term "when..." can be interpreted as meaning "if...", "after...", "in response to determining...", or "in response to detecting...". Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "when determining..." or "if (the stated condition or event) is interpreted as meaning "if determining...", "in response to determining...", "when (the stated condition or event) is detected", or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)".

[0127] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, measuring device, or data center to another website, computer, measuring device, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a measuring device or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state drive), etc.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the capacity of a UPS power supply, characterized in that, Applied to a measuring device, the method includes: If the load current change rate of the target UPS power supply is detected to be greater than the preset change rate threshold, the voltage data, current data and temperature data of the preset UPS power supply temperature measurement point are acquired within a preset time period. Extract the maximum voltage extreme value difference and the recovery time of the load current change rate from greater than a preset change rate threshold to no greater than a preset change rate threshold from the response curve. The response curve is the response curve of the voltage data as the current data changes. The Joule thermal power is determined by multiplying the square of the root mean square value of the current data by the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply. The equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply is determined based on the temperature data and the Joule thermal power. The equivalent thermal resistance is the total thermal resistance capability of the heat transfer path from the equivalent internal resistance to the preset temperature measurement point inside the target UPS power supply. The product of the equivalent thermal resistance and the difference between the maximum voltage extreme values ​​is determined as the polarization coefficient; The normalized polarization coefficient is obtained by dividing the polarization coefficient by the preset reference polarization coefficient. The division value between the voltage recovery time and the preset reference recovery time is used as the polarization recovery time deviation coefficient; The time decay factor is determined by performing an exponential operation on the polarization recovery time deviation coefficient. The polarization loss factor is the product of the polarization loss factor and the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply, and the polarization loss factor is the product of the normalized polarization coefficient and the time decay factor. The polarization loss capacity is deducted from the total capacity of the target UPS power supply calculated based on the ampere-hour integration method to determine the target available capacity of the target UPS power supply.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of determining the Joule thermal power by multiplying the square of the root mean square value of the current data by the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply, the method further includes: The moment when the load current change rate of the target UPS power supply is greater than the preset load current change rate threshold is marked as the moment of sudden change; The current value corresponding to the abrupt change moment is determined as the current reference value; Determine the change in current between the abrupt change time and the time of the lowest voltage drop in the response curve; The division between the maximum voltage extreme value difference and the current change is used as the basic internal resistance value; The temperature correction factor is determined by multiplying the difference between the average temperature value and the preset reference temperature by a preset temperature coefficient and then adding 1. The average temperature value is determined based on the temperature values ​​of all temperature measurement points. The product of the base internal resistance value and the temperature correction factor is taken as the equivalent internal resistance of the target UPS power supply.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply based on the temperature data and the Joule thermal power specifically includes: Determine the highest and lowest temperature values ​​from all the temperature values ​​of the preset UPS power supply temperature measurement points; The difference between the highest temperature value and the lowest temperature value is taken as the maximum temperature difference; The value of dividing the maximum temperature difference by the Joule thermal power is used as the instantaneous thermal resistance value. The ratio of the voltage recovery time to the preset standard recovery time is used as a time factor; The product of the instantaneous thermal resistance value and the square root of the time factor is taken as the equivalent thermal resistance of the target UPS power supply.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the step of using the difference between the highest temperature value and the lowest temperature value as the maximum temperature difference, the method further includes: Calculate the geometric distance between each temperature measuring point and the temperature measuring point with the highest temperature; A temperature-distance distribution curve is constructed by using the temperature value of each temperature measurement point as the vertical axis and the geometric distance as the horizontal axis. The temperature-distance distribution curve is linearly fitted to determine the slope of the temperature gradient; The measuring device calculates the coefficient of determination for fitting the temperature-distance distribution curve; When the fitting determination coefficient is lower than the preset fitting determination threshold, it is determined that there are local hot spots in the temperature data of the preset UPS power supply temperature measurement point; The measuring device identifies the temperature measurement point with the largest deviation from the fitted straight line as an abnormal hot spot; After removing the abnormal hot spots, the measuring device recalculates the highest and lowest temperature values. The corrected maximum temperature difference, calculated based on the recalculated highest and lowest temperature values, is taken as the maximum temperature difference.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the step of dividing the maximum temperature difference by the Joule thermal power as the instantaneous thermal resistance value, the method further includes: Determine whether the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than a preset minimum thermal resistance threshold or greater than a preset maximum thermal resistance threshold; When the instantaneous thermal resistance value is less than the preset minimum thermal resistance threshold, the minimum thermal resistance threshold is used to replace the instantaneous thermal resistance value. When the instantaneous thermal resistance value is greater than the maximum thermal resistance threshold, the second highest temperature value and the second lowest temperature value are determined from the temperature values ​​of all temperature measurement points. The difference between the second highest temperature value and the second lowest temperature value is taken as the second maximum temperature difference; The measuring device replaces the instantaneous thermal resistance value with the division of the second maximum temperature difference and the Joule thermal power.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of dividing the polarization coefficient by a preset reference polarization coefficient as the normalized polarization coefficient, the method further includes: A preset number of load step tests are performed on the target UPS power supply under standard operating conditions, and the standard polarization coefficient is calculated in each load step test. Calculate the arithmetic mean and standard deviation based on all the aforementioned standard polarization coefficients; The standard polarization coefficients that are less than the lower threshold or greater than the upper threshold are removed. The lower threshold is the arithmetic mean minus the standard deviation by a preset multiple, and the upper threshold is the arithmetic mean plus the standard deviation by a preset multiple. The arithmetic mean calculated based on the remaining standard polarization coefficients is used as the initial reference polarization coefficient; The aging ratio is determined by dividing the service life of the target UPS power supply by the preset design life. The cyclic aging ratio is determined by dividing the number of charge / discharge cycles of the target UPS power supply by the preset rated number of cycles. The aging correction factor is determined by adding the product of the aging ratio over the years and the product of the cyclic aging ratio and the preset cyclic weight, and then adding 1. The measuring device uses the product of the initial reference polarization coefficient and the aging correction factor as the preset reference polarization coefficient.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of determining the target available capacity of the target UPS power supply, the method further includes: The ratio of the polarization loss capacity to the nominal capacity of the target UPS power supply is taken as the polarization loss ratio. When the polarization loss ratio is greater than the preset polarization loss threshold, an abnormal polarization effect warning message for the target UPS power supply is generated.

8. A measuring device, characterized in that, The measuring device includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the measuring device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer program product containing instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program product is run on the measuring device, it causes the measuring device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed on the measuring device, the measuring device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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