A method and system for managing dynamic adjustment of battery string topology

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of management method and system of dynamically adjusting battery string topological structure, including multiple battery modules, with the number of battery module consistent multiple power supply gating switch and battery string management unit;Multiple power supply gating switch is connected in series from start point to end positive and negative pole in turn, and the power supply access end of each switch can access corresponding battery module based on control signal to form battery string;Battery string management unit obtains the working state and position information of each battery module, generates the control signal of each multiple power supply gating switch according to state information, reconfigures the connection relationship of each battery module, adjusts the topological structure of entire battery string.The application can realize fault isolation and normal battery equalization redistribution when battery module fails by dynamically recombining battery string topological structure, effectively equalizes the power supply and communication of battery string, and improves the reliability and fault tolerance of battery system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and more specifically, to a management method for dynamically adjusting the topology of battery strings. Background Technology

[0002] In a typical battery management system (BMS) architecture, multiple batteries are connected in series. A battery string management unit (BMS) is responsible for collecting the voltage information of each battery and reporting it to the main controller. Existing technologies employ architectures with battery management and isolation functions, such as Chinese patent applications 202310819802.4 (A Battery Management System and Method) and 202311225112.2 (A Chip Management System for Multi-Battery Series Structure). By setting bypass paths in the battery string, a faulty battery can be isolated from the series path when detected, thus preventing it from affecting the overall system performance. Simultaneously, the configuration of multiplexed switches ensures that even after a battery is isolated, its corresponding level can still maintain normal communication functions.

[0003] This type of architecture has achieved good performance optimization in conventional BMS applications, but it has an inherent limitation: the topology of the battery string is fixed after the initial series assembly at the factory and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the battery state during actual operation. This will lead to the following problems:

[0004] 1. Insufficient system power supply reliability; In the existing architecture, a faulty battery typically needs to draw power from its upstream normal battery; if the upstream battery also fails, the power supply must continue to trace back to the normal battery, and so on. Therefore, if the top-level battery fails, there will be no power available, causing the entire battery string system to collapse.

[0005] 2. Power supply pressure issues under continuous battery failures: If multiple consecutive batteries fail in a battery string, the first normal battery may need to supply power to the communication and circuit units containing several consecutive failed batteries. When the number of consecutively failed batteries is large, it will put pressure on the power supply batteries, leading to system instability or performance degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of dynamically changing battery string topology by proposing a management system for adjusting the structure of batteries. By programming and controlling the connection relationships of each battery level, batteries can be connected in different string structures. Therefore, for the first scenario described above, simply adjusting the battery topology to move the topmost battery to the second-to-last level is sufficient. For the second scenario, adjusting the topology to insert good batteries between consecutive bad batteries can reduce the power supply pressure on individual batteries and achieve power balance.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a management method for dynamically adjusting the topology of a battery string, comprising a battery string management unit, multiple battery modules, and a multi-channel power selection switch with the same number of battery modules. The multi-channel power selection switches are connected in series from the start point to the end point, with their positive and negative terminals connected sequentially. The power input terminals of each multi-channel power selection switch can be connected to the corresponding battery module based on the control signal from the battery string management unit to form a battery string. The management method includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. The battery string management unit obtains the status information of each battery module, including its working status and location;

[0010] S2. Generate control signals for each multi-channel power selection switch based on the status information, reconfigure the connection relationship of each battery module, adjust the topology of the entire battery string, and balance the power supply and communication of the battery string.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery module includes switch A, switch B, battery cells, and control unit, wherein: switch A is connected in series with the battery cells to form a branch, and switch A is used to control the conduction and shutdown of the battery cells; switch B is connected in parallel with the series branch formed by switch A and the battery cells, and switch B is used to control whether the battery cells are bypassed; control unit includes a power management module and a drive module and a serial port connected thereto.

[0012] Further, S1 includes: using a battery string management unit to detect the voltage and current of each battery module, determine the working state of the battery module, determine whether there is a fault, and determine the position of the faulty battery module in the battery string; storing the working state and fault location information of the battery module for subsequent topology adjustment.

[0013] Furthermore, S2 includes:

[0014] S21. The battery string management unit analyzes the status information of each battery module, determines the distribution of faulty and normal batteries, generates a gating signal sequence based on the distribution, and sends control signals to each multi-channel power selection switch according to the gating signal sequence. At the same time, the battery string management unit drives the external power supply unit to provide external power to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules connected to each multi-channel power selection switch to adapt to the connection of battery modules in different voltage domains.

[0015] S22. The multi-power selection switch connects to the corresponding battery module according to the control signal and adjusts the positive and negative connections of each battery module. When all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology, the battery string management unit disconnects the external power supply unit to form a new battery string topology.

[0016] Furthermore, the gating signal sequence specifies the connection order of the battery modules connected to each level of the multi-power gating switch, and the multi-power gating switch reconnects the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding battery modules according to the gating signal sequence.

[0017] Furthermore, S22 specifically refers to:

[0018] S221. The multi-channel power selection switch receives a control signal and selects the positive and negative input / output terminals of the connected battery module according to the control signal, and connects them to the input / output terminals V+ and V- of the series system after the topology update.

[0019] S222: The level of the control signal is matched by the external power supply unit to adapt to the connection of battery modules in different voltage domains. After all battery modules are connected, the battery string management unit disconnects the external power supply unit.

[0020] Furthermore, the external power supply unit includes an external voltage source and a level conversion network. The level conversion network receives control signals from the battery string management unit and converts the external voltage source into voltages corresponding to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules connected to the multi-power selection switch. Before all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology, the external power supply unit supplies power to each battery module.

[0021] Furthermore, in S2, when reconfiguring the connection relationships of each battery module, a topology adjustment algorithm is used, including:

[0022] When a fault is detected in the top-level battery module, the battery string management unit will swap the connection between the top-level battery module and the nearest normal lower-level battery module to form a new top-level battery topology.

[0023] When a series of faulty battery modules are detected, the battery string management unit inserts normal battery modules between the faulty battery modules, so that the faulty battery modules are distributed at intervals, forming a topology structure with balanced power supply.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention provides a management system for dynamically adjusting the topology of a battery string, comprising: a battery string management unit, multiple battery modules, and a multi-channel power selection switch with the same number of battery modules; wherein...

[0025] A multi-channel power selection switch, the number of which is the same as the number of battery modules, the multi-channel power selection switches are connected in series from the start point to the end point with positive and negative terminals, each multi-channel power selection switch has a power input terminal, and the corresponding battery module is connected to form a battery string based on the control signal of the battery string management unit.

[0026] The battery string management unit is connected to the control terminal of each of the multiple power selection switches. It is used to acquire the status information of each battery module, including the working status and position. Based on the status information, it generates control signals for each multiple power selection switch, reconfigures the connection relationship of each battery module, adjusts the topology of the entire battery string, and balances the power supply and communication of the battery string.

[0027] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the method described thereon.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] This invention discloses a battery management system that dynamically adjusts the battery string topology by working in concert with a multi-power selection switch and a battery string management unit, thus solving the problems of uneven power supply and unstable communication caused by faulty batteries in traditional battery systems.

[0030] This invention uses a battery string management unit to monitor the voltage, current, and communication status of each battery module in real time, generating precise gating signals to drive a multi-power selection switch to flexibly reconfigure the battery connection relationship. This invention employs a topology adjustment algorithm, which optimizes power supply balance and ensures communication stability by swapping or inserting good batteries when the top layer or consecutive bad batteries are detected.

[0031] This invention employs an external voltage source and a level conversion network to further ensure smooth switching under voltage domain differences. Power is supplied to each battery module before all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology. This significantly improves the power supply efficiency, communication reliability, and fault tolerance of the battery system. It is particularly suitable for complex application scenarios with multiple batteries connected in series, extending system life and enhancing overall stability.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the battery string management unit of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 2 One of the schematic diagrams of the battery string topology of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 3The second schematic diagram of the battery string topology of the present invention is shown.

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the external power supply for the battery string topology of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] This invention provides a management method for dynamically adjusting the topology of a battery string, primarily applied in battery string management systems, especially in scenarios requiring high-reliability power supply, such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems, or industrial equipment. A battery string typically consists of multiple battery modules, and its topology directly affects power supply efficiency and system lifespan. Each battery module includes switch A, switch B, battery cells, and a control unit. Switch A is connected in series with the battery cells to form a branch, and is used to control the on / off state of the battery cells. Switch B is connected in parallel with the series branch formed by switch A and the battery cells, and is used to control whether the battery cells are bypassed. The control unit includes a power management module and a connected drive module and serial port. This method optimizes the overall performance of the battery string by dynamically adjusting the connection method of each battery module, effectively preventing overall system failure, especially when some battery modules fail.

[0041] Specifically, the management system includes a battery string management unit, multiple battery modules, and a multi-channel power selection switch with the same number of battery modules. The multi-channel power selection switches are connected in series from start to finish, with their positive and negative terminals connected sequentially. The power input terminals of each multi-channel power selection switch can connect to the corresponding battery module based on the control signal from the battery string management unit, thus forming a battery string. Through this structural design, the battery string management unit can monitor the status of each battery module in real time and dynamically adjust the topology of the battery string based on the status information to achieve power supply balance and communication optimization. The management method includes:

[0042] S1. The battery string management unit obtains the status information of each battery module, including its working status and location;

[0043] Specifically, S1 includes: using a battery string management unit to detect the voltage and current of each battery module, determining the working state of the battery module, judging whether there is a fault, and determining the position of the faulty battery module in the battery string; storing the working state and fault location information of the battery module for subsequent topology adjustments.

[0044] This step involves comprehensively collecting data on the status of the battery modules to provide data support for subsequent topology adjustments. The battery string management unit typically integrates multiple sensor interfaces, enabling real-time acquisition of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of each battery module, and using these parameters to determine whether the battery modules are in normal operating condition. Furthermore, the battery string management unit also records the physical location or logical number of each battery module within the battery string to accurately identify the target module when adjusting the topology.

[0045] S2. Generate control signals for each multi-channel power selection switch based on the status information, reconfigure the connection relationship of each battery module, adjust the topology of the entire battery string, and balance the power supply and communication of the battery string.

[0046] Specifically, S2 includes S21, where the battery string management unit analyzes the status information of each battery module, determines the distribution of faulty and normal batteries, generates a gating signal sequence based on the distribution, and sends control signals to each multi-channel power selection switch according to the gating signal sequence; simultaneously, the battery string management unit drives the external power supply unit to provide external power to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules connected to each multi-channel power selection switch to adapt to the connection of battery modules in different voltage domains; S22, the multi-channel power selection switch connects to the corresponding battery module according to the control signal and adjusts the positive and negative terminal connection of each battery module; when all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology, the battery string management unit disconnects the external power supply unit to form a new battery string topology.

[0047] The gating signal sequence specifies the connection order of the battery modules connected to each level of the multi-power gating switch, and the multi-power gating switch reconnects the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding battery modules according to the gating signal sequence.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, when the battery string is initially assembled, the battery string management unit sets the strobe signal sequence to 1 / 2 / 3 / 4, and the battery strings are connected one by one according to the four battery modules numbered 1 / 2 / 3 / 4, with the topology as follows: 1N->1P->2N->2P->3N->3P->4N->4P.

[0049] When battery module 4 fails: The battery string management unit switches the strobe signal sequence to 1 / 2 / 4 / 3. The battery strings are connected one by one according to the four battery modules numbered 1 / 2 / 4 / 3. The topology is: 1N->1P->2N->2P->4N->4P->3N->3P.

[0050] When battery modules 1 and 2 fail: At this time, battery module 3 supplies power to the first and second stage systems through the bypass switch.

[0051] The battery string management unit switching selection signal sequence is 1 / 3 / 2 / 4, and the battery strings are numbered according to 1 / 3 / 2 / 4. The topology is: 1N->1P->3N->3P->2N->2P->4N->4P. At this time, the faulty battery is redistributed to level 1 / 3, and is powered by the good batteries in level 2 / 4 respectively, thus achieving power supply balance.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, in a normal series-connected battery string power supply structure, if battery 1 / 3 experiences overvoltage or undervoltage, it will be disconnected from the string, and batteries 2 / 4 will supply power to 1 / 3, maintaining the normal operation of the controller and communication in 1 / 3. However, as batteries 2 / 4 age, their power supply capacity weakens. In this case, changing the topology to allow 1 / 3 to act as the power supply battery in the above situation can improve the reliability and stability of the system.

[0053] Step S22 specifically involves: receiving a control signal from a multi-channel power selection switch, selecting the positive and negative input / output terminals of the connected battery modules according to the control signal, and connecting them to the input / output terminals V+ and V- of the series system after the topology update; matching the level of the control signal through an external power supply unit to adapt to the connection of battery modules in different voltage domains; and disconnecting the external power supply unit after all battery modules are connected.

[0054] Specifically, after receiving a control signal, the multi-channel power selection switch selects the positive and negative input / output terminals of the connected battery module according to the signal indication and connects them to the updated series system's input / output terminals. For example, in a battery string consisting of four battery modules, if the selection signal sequence is adjusted to 2 / 1 / 4 / 3, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the first-stage multiplex power selector switch connects the positive and negative terminals of battery module number 2 to the first stage; the second-stage multiplex power selector switch connects the positive and negative terminals of battery module number 1 to the second stage; the third-stage multiplex power selector switch connects the positive and negative terminals of battery module number 4 to the third stage; and the fourth-stage multiplex power selector switch connects the positive and negative terminals of battery module number 3 to the fourth stage.

[0055] Furthermore, the external power supply unit includes an external voltage source and a level conversion network. The level conversion network receives control signals from the battery string management unit and converts the external voltage source into voltages corresponding to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules connected to the multi-power selection switch. Before all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology, the external power supply unit supplies power to each battery module.

[0056] In one embodiment, when performing connection switching, the multiplex power selection switch gradually connects each battery module according to the control signals from the battery string management unit. For example, the battery string management unit first controls the first-level multiplex power selection switch to connect battery module number 1, then controls the second-level multiplex power selection switch to connect battery module number 3, and so on, until all target battery modules are connected. This gradual switching method can effectively reduce current surges during the switching process and improve system safety.

[0057] It should be noted that during the connection switching process, the external power supply unit will continuously provide transitional power to each battery module to adapt to the connection requirements of different voltage domains. For example, if the voltage of battery module number 3 is 3.2 volts, while the voltage of the adjacent module at its target connection location is 3.5 volts, the external power supply unit will output a voltage of 3.5 volts to ensure that battery module number 3 will not be impacted by the voltage difference when connected. After all battery modules have completed the connection according to the updated topology, the battery string management unit will disconnect the external power supply unit, and the battery string will resume its autonomous power supply state.

[0058] Furthermore, when reconfiguring the connection relationship of each battery module in S2, a topology adjustment algorithm is adopted, including: when a fault is detected in the top-level battery module, the battery string management unit swaps the connection between the top-level battery module and the nearest normal lower-level battery module to form a new top-level battery topology; when consecutive faulty battery modules are detected, the battery string management unit inserts normal battery modules between the consecutive faulty battery modules, so that the faulty battery modules are distributed at intervals to form a topology structure with balanced power supply.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] This invention provides a management system for dynamically adjusting the topology of a battery string, comprising: a battery string management unit, multiple battery modules, and a multi-channel power selection switch with the same number of battery modules; wherein,

[0061] A multi-channel power selection switch, the number of which is the same as the number of battery modules, the multi-channel power selection switches are connected in series from the start point to the end point with positive and negative terminals, each multi-channel power selection switch has a power input terminal, and the corresponding battery module is connected to form a battery string based on the control signal of the battery string management unit.

[0062] The battery string management unit is connected to the control terminal of each of the multiple power selection switches. It is used to acquire the status information of each battery module, including the working status and position. Based on the status information, it generates control signals for each multiple power selection switch, reconfigures the connection relationship of each battery module, adjusts the topology of the entire battery string, and balances the power supply and communication of the battery string.

[0063] Example 3:

[0064] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the method described thereon.

[0065] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A management method for dynamically adjusting the topology of battery strings, characterized in that, The system includes a battery string management unit, multiple battery modules, and a number of power selection switches matching the number of battery modules. The power selection switches are connected in series from start to finish, with their positive and negative terminals connected sequentially. Each power selection switch's power input terminal can connect to the corresponding battery module based on a control signal from the battery string management unit to form a battery string. The management method includes the following steps: S1. The battery string management unit obtains the status information of each battery module, including its working status and location; S2. Generate control signals for each multi-channel power selection switch based on the status information, reconfigure the connection relationship of each battery module, adjust the topology of the entire battery string, and balance the power supply and communication of the battery string. S2 includes: S21. The battery string management unit analyzes the status information of each battery module, determines the distribution of faulty and normal batteries, generates a gating signal sequence based on the distribution, and sends control signals to each multi-channel power selection switch according to the gating signal sequence. At the same time, the battery string management unit drives the external power supply unit to provide external power to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules connected to each multi-channel power selection switch to adapt to the connection of battery modules in different voltage domains. S22. The multi-power selection switch connects to the corresponding battery module according to the control signal and adjusts the positive and negative connections of each battery module. When all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology, the battery string management unit disconnects the external power supply unit to form a new battery string topology. In S2, when reconfiguring the connection relationships of each battery module, a topology adjustment algorithm is used, including: When a fault is detected in the top-level battery module, the battery string management unit will swap the connection between the top-level battery module and the nearest normal lower-level battery module to form a new top-level battery topology. When a series of faulty battery modules are detected, the battery string management unit inserts normal battery modules between the faulty battery modules, so that the faulty battery modules are distributed at intervals, forming a topology structure with balanced power supply.

2. The management method for dynamically adjusting the battery string topology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module includes switch A, switch B, battery cells, and control unit, wherein: switch A is connected in series with the battery cells to form a branch, and switch A is used to control the conduction and shutdown of the battery cells; switch B is connected in parallel with the series branch formed by switch A and the battery cells, and switch B is used to control whether the battery cells are bypassed; control unit includes a power management module and a drive module and a serial port connected thereto.

3. The management method for dynamically adjusting the battery string topology as described in claim 1, characterized in that... S1 includes: A battery string management unit is used to detect the voltage and current of each battery module, determine the working status of the battery module, determine whether there is a fault, and determine the location of the faulty battery module in the battery string. The working status and fault location information of the battery module are stored for subsequent topology adjustments.

4. The management method for dynamically adjusting the battery string topology as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The gating signal sequence specifies the connection order of the battery modules connected to each level of the multi-power gating switch. The multi-power gating switch reconnects the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding battery modules according to the gating signal sequence.

5. The management method for dynamically adjusting the battery string topology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S22 specifically refers to: S221. The multi-channel power selection switch receives a control signal and selects the positive and negative input / output terminals of the connected battery module according to the control signal, and connects them to the input / output terminals V+ and V- of the series system after the topology update. S222: The level of the control signal is matched by the external power supply unit to adapt to the connection of battery modules in different voltage domains. After all battery modules are connected, the battery string management unit disconnects the external power supply unit.

6. The management method for dynamically adjusting the battery string topology as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The external power supply unit includes an external voltage source and a level conversion network. The level conversion network receives control signals from the battery string management unit and converts the external voltage source into voltages corresponding to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules connected to the multi-power selection switch. Before all battery modules are connected according to the updated topology, the network supplies power to each battery module.

7. A management system for dynamically adjusting the topology of a battery string, used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The system includes a battery string management unit, multiple battery modules, and a multi-channel power selection switch with the same number of battery modules. A multi-channel power selection switch, the number of which is the same as the number of battery modules, the multi-channel power selection switches are connected in series from the start point to the end point with positive and negative terminals, each multi-channel power selection switch has a power input terminal, and the corresponding battery module is connected to form a battery string based on the control signal of the battery string management unit. The battery string management unit is connected to the control terminal of each of the multiple power selection switches. It is used to acquire the status information of each battery module, including the working status and position. Based on the status information, it generates control signals for each multiple power selection switch, reconfigures the connection relationship of each battery module, adjusts the topology of the entire battery string, and balances the power supply and communication of the battery string.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that... When the program is executed, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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