Ultra-bandwidth VU frequency band antenna and assembling method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-bandwidth VU frequency band antenna and an assembling method thereof, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication antennae, the ultra-bandwidth VU frequency band antenna comprises a metal bottom plate, a radiator, a radiator branch knot, a radio frequency connector and a feeder line; the radiator and the radio frequency connector are respectively arranged on two sides of the metal bottom plate; the radiator comprises a lower oscillator, an upper oscillator and a cross beam; the arm lengths of the lower oscillator and the upper oscillator are not equal in electrical length, so that an asymmetric dipole structure is formed; the middle parts of the lower array and the upper array are supported and connected through a cross beam, and the lower array and the upper array are of inclined structures to form a special-shaped I-shaped structure; the cross beam is a leading-out position of the radiator branch knot, and a radiation gap is formed between the lower oscillator and the upper oscillator; the feeder line is used for connecting the radio frequency connector and the radiator branch knot. According to the ultra-short wave antenna, the bandwidth of a traditional ultra-short wave antenna can be effectively expanded while the overall dimension of the antenna is not changed, the gain is high, the number of introduced components is small, and the antenna is provided with a single port.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication antennas, and more particularly to an ultra-wideband VU band antenna and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-shortwave (UHF) communication primarily utilizes space waves for signal transmission. Its antennas come in various forms, typically categorized as omnidirectional or directional antennas depending on the application, and involving both vertical and horizontal polarization methods. With the evolution of wireless communication technology and the rapid development of the aviation industry, higher demands are being placed on the operating bandwidth of UHF antennas.

[0003] To address this need, the following technical approaches are currently used to extend antenna bandwidth: First, loading techniques, including resistive loading and capacitive loading. Resistive loading refers to improving current distribution and reducing reflections by adding resistors at appropriate locations in the antenna structure, thereby extending the antenna bandwidth. Capacitive loading refers to changing the equivalent circuit parameters of the antenna by introducing capacitors into the antenna structure, thus effectively extending the antenna bandwidth. Second, multi-stub technology, by increasing the number of antenna stubs or adjusting their length, introduces multiple adjacent resonant points, enabling the antenna to maintain good operating characteristics over a wider frequency range. Third, broadband matching network technology, by designing specific matching networks to optimize the matching degree between the antenna input impedance and the feeding system, thereby reducing reflection loss and extending the operating bandwidth. Fourth, antenna shape and structure modification technology, using asymmetrical, gradient, or bent structural forms to increase the equivalent electrical length of the antenna and change the current path, thereby improving bandwidth performance. Fifth, combined antenna technology, combining multiple antenna elements with different frequency characteristics, and through reasonable feeding and phase control, enabling the overall system to achieve broadband operation. Sixth, the application of new materials: utilizing new materials with special electromagnetic properties, such as metamaterials or magnetic materials, to improve antenna performance and broaden bandwidth. Seventh, the addition of parasitic element technology: arranging parasitic elements around the main radiating element, utilizing their coupling with the main element to improve the antenna's bandwidth characteristics.

[0004] In practical engineering applications, antenna design often requires the comprehensive application of multiple methods mentioned above, based on specific requirements such as operating frequency, gain specifications, and size constraints, to achieve broadband design of UHF antennas. It is worth noting that while loading techniques and broadband matching network techniques can improve current distribution and expand bandwidth by introducing components such as resistors and capacitors, the increased number of components may also reduce antenna reliability. While combined antenna techniques can integrate antennas of multiple frequency bands into a single structure to broaden the overall bandwidth, the bandwidth of antennas with only a single RF interface is not substantially improved. Furthermore, while using superconducting or magnetic materials can effectively improve bandwidth performance, their relatively high cost limits their adoption in certain application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an ultra-wideband VU band antenna and its assembly method, which can effectively expand the bandwidth of traditional VU antennas while ensuring that the antenna size remains unchanged, the gain is high, the number of components introduced is small, and it is a single-port antenna. This overcomes the shortcomings of loading technology, such as the reduced reliability caused by the introduction of components, the inability of combined antenna technology to improve the bandwidth of single-port antennas, and the high cost of new materials.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband VU band antenna, comprising a metal base plate, a radiator, a radiator stub, an RF connector, and a feed line; The radiator and the radio frequency connector are respectively disposed on both sides of the metal base plate; The radiator includes a lower element, an upper element, and a crossbeam; the arm lengths of the lower element and the upper element are not equal in electric length, forming an asymmetric dipole structure; the lower element and the upper element are connected and supported in the middle by the crossbeam, and both the lower element and the upper element are inclined, forming an irregular I-shaped structure; The crossbeam is the point where the radiating body branch is led out, and a radiating gap is formed between the lower element and the upper element; The feeder is used to connect the RF connector to the radiator branch.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the tilt angle of the lower and upper elements is 5° to 15°.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the radiation gap is 3mm to 8mm.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the arm lengths of the lower and upper elements are not equal in physical length.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the upper array is used to excite a low-frequency fundamental mode, and the physical length of the upper array arm is 0.09 to 0.11 times the free-space wavelength of the lowest frequency point of the antenna.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the lower element is used to achieve high-frequency resonance, and the physical length of the lower element's arm is 0.15 to 0.25 times the free-space wavelength of the antenna's highest frequency point.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the ratio of the physical length of the upper arm to the physical length of the lower arm is 1.8:1 to 2.5:1.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the lower element and the upper element have a gradient structure in the width direction; the width direction is perpendicular to the arm length of the lower element and the upper element.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides an assembly method for an ultra-wideband VU band antenna, used for assembling the ultra-wideband VU band antenna described in any of the above claims, the method comprising: The radiator is fixed to one side of the metal base plate, and the radio frequency connector is fixed to the middle of the other side of the metal base plate; Non-central feeding is achieved by connecting the inner conductor of the RF connector to the end of the radiator stub via a feed line.

[0015] The ultra-wideband VU band antenna provided in this invention adopts a combination of irregular I-shaped structure and asymmetric dipole structure. While ensuring that the antenna size remains unchanged, the gain is high, fewer components are introduced, and it is a single-port antenna, it effectively expands the bandwidth of traditional UHF antennas. This overcomes the shortcomings of loading technology, such as reduced reliability due to the introduction of components, the inability of combined antenna technology to improve the bandwidth of single-port antennas, and the high cost of new material applications.

[0016] The ultra-wideband VU band antenna provided in this invention has a simple circuit design, simplified components in the radiator, and higher reliability. At the same time, the multiple ultra-wideband VU band antennas of this invention have high amplitude and phase consistency, and multiple ultra-wideband VU band antennas can be arrayed to achieve a variety of functional requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-wideband VU band antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the assembly method of an ultra-wideband VU band antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure labels and descriptions: 1. Metal base plate; 2. Radiator; 21. Lower array; 22. Upper array; 3. Radiator branch; 4. RF connector; 5. Feeder; 6. Radiating gap. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Furthermore, the use of "based on" or "according to" implies openness and inclusiveness, because processes, steps, calculations, or other actions "based on" or "according to" one or more of the stated conditions or values ​​may in practice be based on additional conditions or beyond the stated values.

[0021] VU band antennas typically refer to antennas that operate in both the Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio frequency bands, and are widely used in amateur radio, walkie-talkies, vehicle-mounted communications, satellite ground stations, and other applications.

[0022] To overcome the shortcomings of loading technology, such as reduced reliability due to the introduction of components, the inability of combined antenna technology to improve the bandwidth of single-port antennas, and the high cost of new material applications, this invention provides an ultra-wideband VU band antenna and its assembly method, which effectively expands the bandwidth of traditional VU antennas while ensuring that the antenna size remains unchanged, the gain is high, the number of components introduced is small, and it is a single-port antenna.

[0023] Firstly, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband VU band antenna, including a metal base plate 1, a radiator 2, a radiator stub 3, an RF connector 4, and a feed line 5.

[0024] The radiator 2 and the radio frequency connector 4 are respectively disposed on both sides of the metal base plate 1, and the radiator is connected to the metal base plate.

[0025] Specifically, the radiator 2 is located above the metal base plate 1, and the radio frequency connector 4 is located below the metal base plate 1.

[0026] The radiator 2 includes a lower element 21, an upper element 22, and a crossbeam. The lower element 21 and the upper element 22 are connected by the crossbeam to achieve electrical connection and mechanical fixation inside the radiator 2.

[0027] The arm lengths of the lower element 21 and the upper element 22 are not equal in electrical length, forming an asymmetric dipole structure, which is the basis for realizing multi-frequency resonance.

[0028] The lower section 21 and the upper section 22 are connected by a crossbeam in the middle, and both the lower section 21 and the upper section 22 are inclined, forming an irregular I-beam structure.

[0029] The crossbeam is the point where the radiating branch 3 is led out, and a radiating gap 6 is formed between the lower segment 21 and the upper segment 22.

[0030] Feeder 5 is used to connect RF connector 4 to radiator stub 3 to enable effective signal feeding.

[0031] Specifically, feeder 5 is a separate transmission line used to connect RF connector 4 and radiator stub 3 to form a path.

[0032] In actual operation, the ultra-wideband VU band antenna of the present invention transmits the radio frequency signal output from the radio frequency connector 4 to the radiator stub 3 via the feeder 5. The electromagnetic energy is effectively radiated through the structure formed by the radiator stub 3, the lower element 21, the upper element 22 and the radiating slot 6. Through the combined action of the asymmetric dipole structure and the tilted lower element 21 and upper element 22 structure, multiple closely adjacent resonant modes are excited, thereby merging into a continuous wideband and realizing ultra-wideband coverage of the VU band.

[0033] The ultra-wideband VU band antenna provided in this invention adopts a combination of irregular I-shaped structure and asymmetric dipole structure. While ensuring that the antenna size remains unchanged, the gain is high, fewer components are introduced, and it is a single-port antenna, it effectively expands the bandwidth of traditional UHF antennas. This overcomes the shortcomings of loading technology, such as reduced reliability due to the introduction of components, the inability of combined antenna technology to improve the bandwidth of single-port antennas, and the high cost of new material applications.

[0034] The ultra-wideband VU band antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention has a simple circuit design, simplified components in the radiator 2, and higher reliability. At the same time, the multiple ultra-wideband VU band antennas of this invention have high amplitude and phase consistency, and the multiple ultra-wideband VU band antennas can be arrayed to achieve a variety of functional requirements.

[0035] Furthermore, the tilt angles of the lower element 21 and the upper element 22 are 5° to 15°. By controlling the tilt angle within this range, the input impedance of the antenna can be effectively adjusted without increasing the antenna profile height, so that it can be well matched with the feeding system in a wider frequency band.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tilt angles of the lower element 21 and the upper element 22 can be 5°, 8°, 10°, 12° or 15°, etc.

[0037] Furthermore, the radiation gap 6 is 3mm~8mm; the size of this radiation gap 6 directly affects the capacitive coupling effect between the upper element 22 and the lower element 21, and has a significant impact on the impedance characteristics and radiation mode in the high-frequency band. By optimizing this gap size, the high-frequency performance within the bandwidth can be further improved.

[0038] Specifically, the radiation gap 6 can be 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm or 8mm, etc.

[0039] Furthermore, the arm lengths of the next unit 21 and the previous unit 22 are not equal in physical length.

[0040] Furthermore, the upper element 22 is used to excite the low-frequency fundamental mode, and the physical length of the arm of the upper element 22 is 0.09 to 0.11 times the free space wavelength of the lowest frequency point of the antenna.

[0041] The lowest frequency free-space wavelength of an antenna refers to the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency at which the antenna can effectively operate. Since the operating frequency of an antenna is usually a range (e.g., 700MHz-2700MHz), the lowest frequency is the starting point of the frequency band. Specifically: ; in, This represents the free-space wavelength of the antenna's lowest frequency point; Represents the speed of light, approximately m / s; This indicates the lowest frequency at which the antenna can operate effectively.

[0042] Furthermore, the lower element 21 is used to achieve high-frequency resonance, and the physical length of the arm of the lower element 21 is 0.15 to 0.25 times the free space wavelength of the highest frequency point of the antenna.

[0043] The highest free-space wavelength of the antenna refers to the wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency at which the antenna can effectively operate. Specifically: ; in, This represents the free-space wavelength of the antenna's highest frequency point; Represents the highest frequency at which the antenna can operate effectively.

[0044] In this embodiment, the design of the upper radiator 22 and the lower radiator 21 follows the principle of multimode resonance coupling. The upper radiator 22 is mainly used to excite the low-frequency fundamental mode, and the physical length of its arm is close to about 0.1 times the free-space wavelength of the lowest frequency point of the antenna. However, due to the influence of the metal bottom plate 1 and the bending structure, the actual electrical lengths of the arms of the upper radiator 22 and the lower radiator 21 need to be fine-tuned through simulation experiments. The lower radiator 21 mainly participates in high-frequency resonance, and the physical length of its arm is designed to be 0.15 - 0.25 times the free-space wavelength of the highest frequency point of the antenna. This size design for different frequency bands can ensure that the antenna has good resonance characteristics at both the low end and the high end of the target frequency band.

[0045] Furthermore, in order to achieve a smooth transition and fusion between the low-end and high-end resonance modes, the ratio of the physical length of the arm of the upper radiator 22 to the physical length of the arm of the lower radiator 21 is 1.8:1 - 2.5:1.

[0046] Specifically, this ratio range is the optimal data range determined through a large number of electromagnetic simulations and experimental verifications, which can make the two main resonance points approach appropriately, thus combining into a continuous wide impedance bandwidth. This ratio can be 1.8:1, 2.0:1, 2.2:1 or 2.5:1, etc.

[0047] Furthermore, the lower radiator 21 and the upper radiator 22 are of a tapered structure in the width direction.

[0048] Among them, the width direction is perpendicular to the direction of the arms of the lower radiator 21 and the upper radiator 22.

[0049] Specifically, the widths of the lower radiator 21 and the upper radiator 22 can gradually increase or gradually decrease from the connection with the cross beam towards both ends in the width direction; usually, they show a tapered shape, for example: the roots of the upper radiator 22 or the lower radiator 21 are wide and the ends are narrow, or they show a trapezoidal or triangular profile.

[0050] This tapered structure can be regarded as a multi-stage impedance transformer, which helps to achieve a smoother impedance transformation throughout the working frequency band, thereby reducing the reflection at the frequency band edge; the change in width will also change the current distribution, which helps to excite higher-order resonance modes, or bring the frequencies of each resonance closer, thus broadening the bandwidth.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the overall contour of the radiator 2 is approximately like the Chinese character "工", composed of the upper radiator 22, the lower radiator 21 and the cross beam, and the physical lengths of the upper radiator 22 and the lower radiator 21 are unequal, the width is variable, and the overall presents a non-axisymmetric structure.

[0052] In a traditional antenna dipole structure, the two arms are of equal length. However, in the present invention, the two arms of the radiator 2 structure (i.e., the upper element 22 and the lower element 21) are significantly different in electrical length, which breaks the classic half-wave symmetry structure of the antenna and forms an asymmetric dipole structure.

[0053] The radiator 2 employs a combination of an irregular I-shaped structure and an asymmetric dipole structure. By adjusting the arm lengths of the upper element 22 and the lower element 21, the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna are altered, thereby optimizing the antenna bandwidth. Specifically, the upper element 22 and the lower element 21 have unequal lengths and widths, and both exhibit a slightly tilted structure with tilt angles set between 5° and 15°. This allows for control of the high-frequency current path and suppression of pattern splitting. Asymmetry is a key mechanism for achieving multi-resonance fusion and extending the low-frequency response of the antenna.

[0054] The crossbeam serves as the lead-out point of the radiator stub 3. Power is supplied at the end of the radiator stub 3 to reduce signal reflection and transmission loss caused by impedance mismatch, thereby achieving a good match between the antenna input impedance and the characteristic impedance of the feed line 5.

[0055] The design of adding radiator stub 3 also introduces radiating slot 6, which is between 3mm and 8mm in size. Capacitive coupling is introduced through radiating slot 6 to form additional high-order resonant modes (especially in the range of 400MHz to 600MHz). It can also adjust the electromagnetic coupling strength between upper element 22 and lower element 21, improve impedance continuity, and thus expand the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0056] In the prior art, the operating frequency of traditional VU band antennas is generally between 100MHz and 400MHz, while the ultra-wideband VU band antenna of the present invention can extend the operating frequency band to 600MHz. Compared with the prior art, the present invention extends the operating frequency band bandwidth by 160%.

[0057] Furthermore, the ultra-wideband VU band antenna circuit of the present invention has a simple design and fewer components in the radiator 2, resulting in higher reliability. At the same time, the amplitude and phase consistency among multiple antennas is higher, and they can be arrayed to achieve more functional requirements.

[0058] Secondly, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an assembly method for an ultra-wideband VU band antenna. This method is used to assemble any of the aforementioned ultra-wideband VU band antennas, and includes: Step 201: Fix the radiator 2 to one side of the metal base plate 1, and fix the radio frequency connector 4 to the middle of the other side of the metal base plate 1.

[0059] Specifically, the radiator 2 is fixed to the upper side of the metal base plate 1, and the radio frequency connector 4 is fixed to the lower middle position of the metal base plate 1.

[0060] Step 202: Connect the inner conductor of the RF connector 4 to the end of the radiator stub 3 via the feeder 5 to achieve non-central feeding.

[0061] Specifically, feeder 5 can be a coaxial cable.

[0062] In this embodiment, the lower array 21 of the radiator 2 is fixedly connected to the metal base plate 1 by means of screws, welding or integral molding; at the same time, the radio frequency connector 4 is fixed to the lower center of the metal base plate 1 to ensure that the feed point is located on the center line of the antenna.

[0063] Next, one end of feed line 5 is connected to the inner conductor of RF connector 4, and the other end of feed line 5 is connected to the end of radiator stub 3. Since feed line 5 is directly connected to radiator stub 3 located at the crossbeam, rather than to the center point of lower array 21 or upper array 22, off-center feeding is achieved. This feeding method, combined with the antenna's irregular I-shaped structure, is one of the keys to achieving ultra-wide bandwidth. The entire assembly process is simple, the positioning is precise, and it facilitates the production of antenna products with consistent performance.

[0064] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband VU band antenna, characterized in that, This includes a metal base plate, radiator, radiator stubs, RF connectors, and feeders; The radiator and the radio frequency connector are respectively disposed on both sides of the metal base plate; The radiator includes a lower element, an upper element, and a crossbeam; the arm lengths of the lower element and the upper element are not equal in electric length, forming an asymmetric dipole structure; the lower element and the upper element are connected and supported in the middle by the crossbeam, and both the lower element and the upper element are inclined, forming an irregular I-shaped structure; The crossbeam is the point where the radiating body branch is led out, and a radiating gap is formed between the lower element and the upper element; The feeder is used to connect the RF connector to the radiator branch.

2. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the lower and upper elements is 5° to 15°.

3. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial gap is 3mm to 8mm.

4. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arm lengths of the lower and upper segments are not equal in physical length.

5. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper array is used to excite the low-frequency fundamental mode, and the physical length of the arm of the upper array is 0.09 to 0.11 times the free space wavelength of the lowest frequency point of the antenna.

6. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower element is used to achieve high-frequency resonance, and the physical length of the lower element's arm is 0.15 to 0.25 times the free-space wavelength of the antenna's highest frequency point.

7. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of the physical length of the upper arm to the physical length of the lower arm is 1.8:1 to 2.5:

1.

8. The ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower and upper elements have a gradient structure in the width direction; the width direction is perpendicular to the arm length of the lower and upper elements.

9. A method for assembling an ultra-wideband VU band antenna, characterized in that, The method for assembling the ultra-wideband VU band antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises: The radiator is fixed to one side of the metal base plate, and the radio frequency connector is fixed to the middle of the other side of the metal base plate; Non-central feeding is achieved by connecting the inner conductor of the RF connector to the end of the radiator stub via a feed line.

Images