Energy management method and device of hybrid energy storage system, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy management method and device of a hybrid energy storage system, equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of energy management of energy systems, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining system operation data and total demand power; running the data based on the system; performing a power distribution decision according to the current system operation mode and the total demand power; executing dynamic coordination correction; by introducing a dynamic coordination correction mechanism, the terminal voltage change rate of the power type energy storage unit is monitored in real time in the power distribution process, so that overvoltage or undervoltage protection triggered by severe fluctuation of the terminal voltage of the power type energy storage unit is effectively avoided, the operation reliability of the power type energy storage unit is remarkably improved, and the service life of the power type energy storage unit is remarkably prolonged; and the frequency and depth of the power type energy storage unit for dealing with instantaneous power impact are reduced, so that the charge state of the power type energy storage unit is stably maintained in a high-efficiency working interval, the internal resistance loss and heat loss of the system are reduced, and the overall energy conversion efficiency and operation economy of the hybrid energy storage system are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy management technology for energy systems, and specifically to an energy management method, device, equipment, and medium for a hybrid energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Hybrid energy storage systems typically consist of power storage units such as supercapacitors and flywheels, and energy storage units such as lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries. The aim is to combine the advantages of both to meet the system's dual requirements for instantaneous high power and continuous stable energy. In the energy management process of hybrid energy storage systems, how to rationally allocate the output ratio of the two types of energy storage units to achieve efficient, stable, and long-term system operation is a key research issue.

[0003] In existing technologies, common energy management methods are mostly based on static power allocation strategies or switching control based on preset rules. While these methods can achieve power allocation to a certain extent, they typically lack the ability to perceive and respond to the dynamic operating status of energy storage units in real time. Especially when dealing with frequent power fluctuations or impulsive loads, power-type energy storage units often face the problem of drastic changes in terminal voltage due to bearing too much instantaneous power. This not only easily triggers overvoltage or undervoltage protection, causing the unit to shut down, but also accelerates its aging, shortens its service life, and reduces the overall energy efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy management method, device, equipment, and medium for a hybrid energy storage system, in order to solve the problem in the prior art that power-type energy storage units often face drastic changes in terminal voltage due to bearing too much instantaneous power when dealing with frequent power fluctuations or impulsive loads.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an energy management method, apparatus, device, and medium for a hybrid energy storage system, comprising, wherein the hybrid energy storage system includes a power-type energy storage unit and an energy-type energy storage unit, and the energy management method includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: Obtain system operating data and total power demand;

[0007] S2: Based on the system operation data, determine the current system operation mode;

[0008] S3: Based on the current system operating mode and the total power demand, make a power allocation decision and generate the initial power commands for the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit;

[0009] S4: Perform dynamic coordination correction, adjust the initial power command in real time, generate the final power command and send it to the corresponding energy storage unit for execution;

[0010] In step S4, the terminal voltage change rate of the power-type energy storage unit is calculated based on the real-time terminal voltage data of the power-type energy storage unit obtained in step S1, and a correction strategy is generated accordingly. When the terminal voltage change rate exceeds a preset safety threshold, the correction strategy includes increasing the output share of the energy-type energy storage unit and correspondingly reducing the output share of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle.

[0011] The method, through the correction in step S4, actively avoids the power storage unit from triggering overvoltage or undervoltage protection due to drastic fluctuations in terminal voltage, thereby extending its service life.

[0012] The method reduces the number of deep charge-discharge cycles caused by frequent instantaneous power surges in the power storage unit, keeping its state of charge within the high-efficiency operating range, reducing its internal resistance loss and heat loss, and improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and operational economy of the hybrid energy storage system while extending the unit's lifespan.

[0013] Furthermore, the acquisition of system operating data and total power demand also includes,

[0014] S11: Real-time acquisition of the bus voltage and output current of the hybrid energy storage system, as well as the terminal voltage and real-time state of charge of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit;

[0015] S12: Receive the power command issued by the upper-layer system and determine the total required power according to the local power scheduling algorithm.

[0016] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S31: Determine the instantaneous power capability boundary of the power-type energy storage unit based on its power characteristic parameters and the first real-time state of charge.

[0018] S32: Determine the sustainable power capability boundary of the energy storage unit based on its power characteristic parameters and the second real-time state of charge;

[0019] S33: Taking the total required power as a constraint and minimizing the total system loss as the optimization objective, the initial power command is calculated within the instantaneous power capability boundary and the sustainable power capability boundary.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S33, the total system loss includes the charging and discharging losses of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit based on the equivalent internal resistance, the switching losses and conduction losses of their respective corresponding power converters, and the penalty term losses introduced when the first real-time state of charge and the second real-time state of charge deviate from their respective set operating ranges.

[0021] Furthermore, step S4 also includes assessing the available power compensation capability of the energy storage unit based on the real-time state of charge data of the energy storage unit obtained in step S1; when the available capability is lower than a preset capability threshold, generating a power limiting request signal to the upper-level energy management system.

[0022] In step S2, based on the sign and amplitude of the total demand power, as well as the first real-time state of charge and the second real-time state of charge, the current system operating mode is determined to be one of the following: high-power combined discharge mode, low-power distribution mode, regenerative braking energy recovery mode, and standby mode.

[0023] Furthermore, the "minimizing total system loss" mentioned in step S33 is calculated using the following formula:

[0024] ;

[0025] Its constraints are,

[0026] ;

[0027] ;

[0028] ;

[0029] Among them, P power This indicates the initial power command of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle; it is greater than 0 for discharging and less than 0 for charging.

[0030] P energy This indicates the initial power command for the energy storage unit in the next control cycle; a value greater than 0 indicates discharging, and a value less than 0 indicates charging.

[0031] R power This indicates that the power-type energy storage unit is currently in S p The equivalent internal resistance at temperature was obtained by interpolation from the experimental calibration table;

[0032] R energy This indicates that the energy storage unit is currently in S e The equivalent internal resistance at temperature was obtained by interpolation from the experimental calibration table;

[0033] S p Indicates the real-time state of charge of the power-type energy storage unit;

[0034] S e This indicates the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit;

[0035] S p，refThe SOC (State of Charge) represents the midpoint of the high-efficiency operating range of the power cell, given by the cycle life-SOC curve fitting.

[0036] S e，ref The SOC (State of Charge) represents the midpoint of the high-efficiency operating range of the energy-type unit, given by the cycle life-SOC surface fitting.

[0037] λ p This indicates that the power unit deviates from the penalty coefficient, when S p Within the high-efficiency range [S p，低 S p，高 If ] is true, use 0; otherwise, use 0. linearly increasing, K pun The preset gain is 0.7 in the power type unit and 0.4 in the energy type unit;

[0038] λ e This represents the deviation penalty coefficient of the energy type unit, and its value is logically ANDed with λ. p same;

[0039] P total The total power demand of the system is determined by step S12;

[0040] P power，min (S p ) indicates that the power type unit is in the current S p The maximum allowable charging power (negative value) is given by the instantaneous power capability boundary calculation in step S31;

[0041] P power，max (S p ) indicates that the power type unit is in the current S p The maximum allowable discharge power (positive value) is given by the instantaneous power capability boundary calculation in step S31;

[0042] P energy，min (S e ) indicates that the energy type unit is in the current S e The maximum allowable charging power (negative value) is given by the sustainable power capability boundary calculation in step S32;

[0043] P energy，max (S e ) indicates that the energy type unit is in the current S e The maximum allowable discharge power (positive value) is given by the sustainable power capability boundary calculation in step S32.

[0044] Furthermore, the penalty term loss is expressed as,

[0045] ;

[0046] in,

[0047] ;

[0048] ;

[0049] K represents the total penalty gain;

[0050] C p C e These represent the rated capacity of the power-type and energy-type units, respectively;

[0051] V p C e These represent the rated voltages of the power-type and energy-type units, respectively.

[0052] The formula for determining and correcting the rate of change of terminal voltage in step S4 is as follows:

[0053] ;

[0054] The corrected power command is:

[0055] ;

[0056] ;

[0057] in,

[0058] ;

[0059] V k This represents the terminal voltage of the power storage unit sampled during the current control cycle;

[0060] V k-1 This represents the terminal voltage of the power storage unit obtained from sampling in the previous control cycle;

[0061] Ts represents the sampling period;

[0062] β represents the correction gain, which is dimensionless and is set to 0.5 here. It is written into the controller parameter table after offline calibration.

[0063] α represents the power transfer ratio, determined by the following formula, with its value restricted to [0,1].

[0064] ;

[0065] Among them, dv th The safe threshold for the rate of change of terminal voltage is expressed by the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] in, This indicates the maximum allowable rate of change of current for a power cell, i.e., the protection threshold, which is given by the battery manufacturer and system safety specifications.

[0068] An energy management device for a hybrid energy storage system, comprising,

[0069] The data acquisition module is used to acquire system operating data and total power demand in real time. The system operating data includes at least the terminal voltage, real-time state of charge, bus voltage and output current of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit.

[0070] The operating mode determination module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to determine the current system operating mode based on the system operating data.

[0071] An initial power command generation module, connected to an operating mode discrimination module, is used to make power allocation decisions based on the current system operating mode and the total power demand, and generate initial power commands for the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit.

[0072] The dynamic coordination and correction module is connected to the initial power command generation module and is used to adjust the initial power command in real time, generate the final power command and send it to the corresponding energy storage unit for execution.

[0073] The dynamic coordination correction module includes a terminal voltage change rate calculation submodule, which is used to calculate the terminal voltage change rate of the power-type energy storage unit based on the real-time terminal voltage data of the power-type energy storage unit, and generate a correction strategy accordingly. When the terminal voltage change rate exceeds a preset safety threshold, the correction strategy includes increasing the output share of the energy-type energy storage unit and correspondingly reducing the output share of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle.

[0074] The device actively avoids the power storage unit from triggering overvoltage or undervoltage protection due to drastic fluctuations in terminal voltage through a dynamic coordination correction module, thereby extending its service life.

[0075] The device reduces the number of deep charge-discharge cycles caused by frequent instantaneous power surges in the power storage unit, maintaining its state of charge within the high-efficiency operating range, reducing internal resistance and heat loss, and thus extending unit lifespan while improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and operational economy of the hybrid energy storage system.

[0076] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the energy management method of the hybrid energy storage system described above.

[0077] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the energy management method for the hybrid energy storage system described above.

[0078] Compared with existing technologies, the energy management method, device, equipment, and medium of the hybrid energy storage system provided by this invention introduces a dynamic coordination and correction mechanism to monitor the rate of change of the terminal voltage of the power-type energy storage unit in real time during the power distribution process, and dynamically adjust the output ratio between the power-type and energy-type energy storage units accordingly. This effectively avoids overvoltage or undervoltage protection triggered by the power-type energy storage unit due to drastic fluctuations in terminal voltage, significantly improving its operational reliability and service life. At the same time, by optimizing the power distribution strategy, this method reduces the frequency and depth of the power-type energy storage unit's response to instantaneous power surges, keeping its state of charge stable within the high-efficiency operating range. This reduces the system's internal resistance loss and heat loss, and further improves the overall energy conversion efficiency and operational economy of the hybrid energy storage system while extending the lifespan of each energy storage unit. Attached Figure Description

[0079] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0080] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of cycle life-SOC surface fitting provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0082] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0083] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 As shown:

[0084] Example 1:

[0085] This invention provides an energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system, comprising a power-type energy storage unit and an energy-type energy storage unit, and the energy management method comprising the following steps:

[0086] S1: Obtain system operating data and total power demand;

[0087] S2: Determine the current system operating mode based on system operation data;

[0088] S3: Based on the current system operating mode and total power demand, make power allocation decisions and generate initial power commands for power-type energy storage units and energy-type energy storage units;

[0089] S4: Perform dynamic coordination correction, adjust the initial power command in real time, generate the final power command and send it to the corresponding energy storage unit for execution;

[0090] In step S4, the terminal voltage change rate of the power-type energy storage unit is calculated based on the real-time terminal voltage data of the power-type energy storage unit obtained in step S1, and a correction strategy is generated accordingly. When the terminal voltage change rate exceeds the preset safety threshold, the correction strategy includes increasing the output share of the energy-type energy storage unit and correspondingly reducing the output share of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle.

[0091] The method actively avoids the power storage unit from triggering overvoltage or undervoltage protection due to drastic fluctuations in terminal voltage through the correction in step S4, thereby extending its service life.

[0092] The method reduces the number of deep charge-discharge cycles caused by frequent instantaneous power surges in power-type energy storage units, keeping their state of charge within the high-efficiency operating range, reducing their internal resistance loss and heat loss, and improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and operating economy of the hybrid energy storage system while extending the unit's lifespan.

[0093] This includes obtaining system operating data and total power demand,

[0094] S11: Real-time acquisition of bus voltage, output current, and terminal voltage and real-time state of charge of power-type and energy-type energy storage units of the hybrid energy storage system.

[0095] S12: Receive power commands from the upper-layer system and determine the total power demand based on the local power scheduling algorithm.

[0096] Step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0097] S31: Determine the instantaneous power capacity boundary of the power-type energy storage unit based on its power characteristic parameters and the first real-time state of charge.

[0098] S32: Determine the sustainable power capacity boundary of the energy storage unit based on its power characteristic parameters and the second real-time state of charge.

[0099] S33: With total power demand as a constraint and minimizing total system loss as the optimization objective, the initial power command is calculated within the instantaneous power capability boundary and the sustainable power capability boundary.

[0100] It should be noted that in step S33, the total system loss includes the charging and discharging losses of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit based on the equivalent internal resistance, the switching losses and conduction losses of their respective power converters, and the penalty losses introduced for the deviation of the first real-time state of charge and the second real-time state of charge from their respective set operating ranges.

[0101] Step S4 also includes assessing the available power compensation capability of the energy storage unit based on the real-time state of charge data of the energy storage unit obtained in step S1; when the available capability is lower than a preset capability threshold, generating a power limiting request signal to the upper-level energy management system.

[0102] In step S2, based on the sign and magnitude of the total demand power, as well as the first real-time state of charge and the second real-time state of charge, the current system operating mode is determined to be one of the following: high-power combined discharge mode, low-power distribution mode, regenerative braking energy recovery mode, and standby mode.

[0103] First, the system is powered on and initialized, and all sensors and acquisition modules begin operation. The data acquisition module collects the bus voltage, output current, and terminal voltage and real-time state of charge of the hybrid energy storage system in real time, as well as the power storage unit (supercapacitor bank in this embodiment) and energy storage unit (lithium iron phosphate battery bank in this embodiment). Simultaneously, this module receives the total demand power command from the vehicle traction system or the upper-level energy management platform. This command is positive during braking (discharge demand) and may be negative (charging demand) or zero during traction or stationary phases. Next, the operating mode determination module analyzes the collected system operating data. Based on the sign and amplitude of the total demand power, and combined with the real-time state of charge of the supercapacitors and batteries, this module determines the current operating mode of the system. For example, when a train performs emergency braking, generating a high-amplitude instantaneous feedback power, if the supercapacitor's state of charge is moderate, the system may determine to enter a "high-power combined discharge mode"; if the braking power is small, it may enter a "low-power allocation mode"; if the train is coasting or stopped and has surplus regenerative energy to absorb, it enters a "regenerative braking energy recovery mode"; and if there is no power demand, it enters a "standby mode." Then, the initial power command generation module makes a power allocation decision based on the determined operating mode and total power demand. This module first calculates the upper and lower limits of the instantaneous power that the supercapacitor can safely provide in the next control cycle, i.e., its "instantaneous power capability boundary," based on the supercapacitor's power characteristic parameters and its current state of charge. Simultaneously, it calculates the upper and lower limits of the power that the battery pack can safely and sustainably provide in the next control cycle, i.e., its "sustainable power capability boundary," based on the battery pack's power characteristic parameters and its current state of charge. After determining the power capability boundaries of the two energy storage units, the module uses the current total power demand as a hard constraint that must be met and minimizes the total system loss as the optimization objective, performing optimization calculations within the power boundary ranges of both. The model for total system losses considers charging and discharging losses based on equivalent internal resistance and power converter losses, and specifically introduces penalty terms for deviations of the supercapacitor and battery's state of charge from the midpoint of their respective efficient operating ranges. By solving this optimization problem, a set of initial power commands is generated and assigned to the supercapacitor and battery respectively; finally, a dynamic coordination and correction module fine-tunes these initial power commands in real time. The core of this module lies in real-time monitoring of the supercapacitor's terminal voltage change rate. Within each extremely short control cycle, it calculates the ratio of the difference between the current terminal voltage and the terminal voltage of the previous cycle to the cycle time, i.e., the voltage change rate. This change rate is compared with a preset safety threshold (calculated based on the supercapacitor's maximum allowable current change rate and its equivalent internal resistance). If the calculated voltage change rate does not exceed the safety threshold, the initial power command is directly used as the final command. If the voltage change rate exceeds the safety threshold, it indicates that the supercapacitor is experiencing excessive power surges, posing a risk of terminal voltage exceeding limits.At this point, the correction module immediately generates a correction strategy: in the next control cycle, the planned output share of the supercapacitor is reduced by a certain proportion, and this reduced power share is transferred to the battery pack. After this dynamic adjustment, the final power command is generated and sent to the power converters of the supercapacitor and battery for execution.

[0104] Working Principle: The core working principle of the energy management method in this embodiment lies in "dual-layer optimization and dynamic protection." The first layer is static or quasi-static optimization based on the operating mode and the total system loss model. Under the premise of meeting the total power demand, it initially plans the output of the two types of energy storage units from the perspectives of economy and lifespan maintenance. The second layer is real-time correction based on the dynamic response of the terminal voltage of the power-type energy storage unit (supercapacitor). As a fast-response safety closed loop, it constantly protects the operational safety of the supercapacitor. When a sharp fluctuation trend in the terminal voltage is detected, part of the power load is promptly transferred to the battery pack, which has a relatively smooth response but a larger energy margin, thereby actively preventing the supercapacitor from triggering protection or being damaged due to voltage exceeding the limit. The two mechanisms work together to ensure accurate tracking of the total power demand of the system, achieve dynamic protection of vulnerable power-type units, and reduce unnecessary losses through optimized allocation, ultimately achieving the comprehensive goal of improving the overall lifespan, efficiency, and operational economy of the system.

[0105] Example 2:

[0106] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the energy management method for the hybrid energy storage system, in step S33, "minimizing the total system loss," is calculated using the following formula.

[0107] ;

[0108] Its constraints are,

[0109] ;

[0110] ;

[0111] ;

[0112] Among them, P power This indicates the initial power command of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle; it is greater than 0 for discharging and less than 0 for charging.

[0113] P energy This indicates the initial power command for the energy storage unit in the next control cycle; a value greater than 0 indicates discharging, and a value less than 0 indicates charging.

[0114] R power This indicates that the power-type energy storage unit is currently in S pThe equivalent internal resistance at temperature was obtained by interpolation from the experimental calibration table;

[0115] R energy This indicates that the energy storage unit is currently in S e The equivalent internal resistance at temperature was obtained by interpolation from the experimental calibration table;

[0116] S p Indicates the real-time state of charge of the power-type energy storage unit;

[0117] S e This indicates the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit;

[0118] S p，ref The SOC (State of Charge) represents the midpoint of the high-efficiency operating range of the power cell, given by the cycle life-SOC curve fitting.

[0119] S e，ref The SOC (State of Charge) represents the midpoint of the high-efficiency operating range of the energy-type unit, given by the cycle life-SOC surface fitting.

[0120] λ p This indicates that the power unit deviates from the penalty coefficient, when S p Within the high-efficiency range [S p，低 S p，高 If ] is true, use 0; otherwise, use 0. linearly increasing, K pun The preset gain is 0.7 in the power type unit and 0.4 in the energy type unit;

[0121] λ e This represents the deviation penalty coefficient of the energy type unit, and its value is logically ANDed with λ. p same;

[0122] P total The total power demand of the system is determined by step S12;

[0123] P power，min (S p ) indicates that the power type unit is in the current S p The maximum allowable charging power (negative value) is given by the instantaneous power capability boundary calculation in step S31;

[0124] P power，max (S p ) indicates that the power type unit is in the current S p The maximum allowable discharge power (positive value) is given by the instantaneous power capability boundary calculation in step S31;

[0125] P energy，min (S e ) indicates that the energy type unit is in the current S eThe maximum allowable charging power (negative value) is given by the sustainable power capability boundary calculation in step S32;

[0126] P energy，max (S e ) indicates that the energy type unit is in the current S e The maximum allowable discharge power (positive value) is given by the sustainable power capability boundary calculation in step S32.

[0127] The penalty term loss is expressed as follows:

[0128] ;

[0129] in,

[0130] ;

[0131] ;

[0132] K represents the total penalty gain;

[0133] C p C e These represent the rated capacity of the power-type and energy-type units, respectively;

[0134] V p C e These represent the rated voltages of the power-type and energy-type units, respectively.

[0135] The formula for determining and correcting the rate of change of terminal voltage in step S4 is as follows:

[0136] ;

[0137] The corrected power command is:

[0138] ;

[0139] ;

[0140] in,

[0141] ;

[0142] V k This represents the terminal voltage of the power storage unit sampled during the current control cycle;

[0143] V k-1 This represents the terminal voltage of the power storage unit obtained from sampling in the previous control cycle;

[0144] Ts represents the sampling period;

[0145] β represents the correction gain, which is dimensionless and is set to 0.5 here. It is written into the controller parameter table after offline calibration.

[0146] α represents the power transfer ratio, determined by the following formula, with its value restricted to [0,1].

[0147] ;

[0148] Among them, dv th The safe threshold for the rate of change of terminal voltage is expressed by the following formula:

[0149]

[0150] in, This indicates the maximum allowable rate of change of current for a power cell, i.e., the protection threshold, which is given by the battery manufacturer and system safety specifications.

[0151] This embodiment, based on the preceding claims, provides a detailed description of the precise generation process of the initial power command and the dynamic coordination and correction mechanism. This method can be applied to scenarios requiring the smoothing of high-frequency power fluctuations, such as output smoothing in new energy power plants.

[0152] After the system is powered on, the data acquisition module continues to work, acquiring the real-time state of charge, terminal voltage, operating temperature of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit, as well as the total demand power determined by the upper-level system or local algorithm.

[0153] The initial power command optimization generation stage: After receiving the total power demand, the initial power command generation module first calculates the upper and lower limits of the instantaneous power that the power-type unit can safely provide in the current state, based on the real-time state of charge and its inherent power characteristics, thus determining its instantaneous power capability boundary. Similarly, based on the real-time state of charge and characteristics of the energy-type unit, its sustainable power capability boundary is calculated.

[0154] Subsequently, the module constructs an optimization model aimed at minimizing the total system loss. The loss in this model mainly consists of three parts: first, the charging and discharging loss based on the current equivalent internal resistance of the two energy storage units; second, consideration of their power converter losses; and third, a specially introduced penalty term for the two units' state of charge deviating from the center value of their respective efficient operating ranges. This penalty term is designed to guide the system to maintain the state of charge of each unit within its efficient and long-lived range as much as possible when allocating power.

[0155] The constraints that this optimization problem needs to satisfy include: the sum of the power allocated to the power-type unit and the energy-type unit must be equal to the total power demand, and the power allocated to each unit must be within the previously calculated instantaneous power capacity boundary and sustainable power capacity boundary.

[0156] By solving this constrained optimization problem, the module calculates the optimal power allocation scheme, which is to issue initial power commands to the power unit and the energy unit respectively.

[0157] The fine-tuning phase of dynamic coordination correction: The dynamic coordination correction module is responsible for millisecond-level real-time monitoring and adjustment of the initial commands. Its core is the continuous monitoring of the terminal voltage change rate of the power storage unit. Within each extremely short control cycle, the module calculates the difference between the terminal voltage sampled in the current cycle and the previous cycle, then divides it by the sampling cycle time to obtain the real-time terminal voltage change rate. The key judgment step is to compare this real-time calculated change rate with a preset terminal voltage change rate safety threshold. This safety threshold is not a fixed value, but is dynamically calculated based on the maximum current change rate that the power storage unit can withstand and its current equivalent internal resistance. It represents the critical line for ensuring that the unit's terminal voltage does not exceed the limit. If the real-time change rate is lower than this safety threshold, it indicates that the power storage unit is operating smoothly, and the initial power command is directly used as the final command for execution. If the real-time change rate exceeds the safety threshold, it indicates that the power storage unit is experiencing a severe power surge that could cause its voltage to exceed the limit. At this time, the correction module immediately starts. It calculates a power transfer ratio between zero and one based on the degree to which the safety threshold is exceeded. The greater the exceedance of the threshold, the larger the ratio.

[0158] The correction strategy is executed accordingly: the final power command issued to the power-type unit will be reduced by multiplying its initial command value by "one minus the transfer ratio"; simultaneously, the reduced power value will be fully added to the power command issued to the energy-type unit. In this way, while meeting the total power demand, potentially risky power loads are transferred in real time and smoothly from the fast-responding power-type unit to the more capable energy-type unit, provided that the total power demand remains unchanged.

[0159] In addition, the module continuously assesses the energy unit's ability to perform such power compensation. If its capability falls below a preset protection threshold, the module sends a power limiting request signal to the upper-level energy management system to coordinate at the system level and ensure operational safety.

[0160] Working Principle: The core working principle of this embodiment can be summarized as "model-based optimization and proactive protection." First, by establishing a refined system loss model that includes dynamic internal resistance, conversion losses, and penalties for deviations in the state of charge, optimal power allocation under strict constraints is achieved. "Steady-state optimization" not only pursues instantaneous efficiency but also implicitly incorporates a maintenance strategy for the long-term cycle life of the energy storage unit through a penalty mechanism, guiding the system to operate healthily.

[0161] Secondly, a novel approach was adopted to introduce and dynamically calculate the "terminal voltage change rate safety threshold," establishing a correlation model between externally observable voltage dynamics and internal current stress. This allows the system to anticipate "signs" of impending overload risks in power units, rather than waiting for voltage exceedances to trigger passive protection. Once a risk sign is detected, the system proactively redistributes power based on the transfer ratio calculated by the model, actively transferring impulsive loads and mitigating the risk before it actually occurs.

[0162] This dual-layer mechanism of "optimized allocation" and "active protection" works closely together, enabling the hybrid energy storage system to not only meet power demands efficiently and economically, but also to intelligently manage its own operating status, significantly improving the safety margin and service life of power units when dealing with severe fluctuations, and ultimately achieving a comprehensive improvement in the overall reliability, economy and durability of the system.

[0163] Example 3: This example is basically the same as the previous example, except that it includes an energy management device for a hybrid energy storage system, comprising:

[0164] The data acquisition module is used to acquire system operating data and total power demand in real time. The system operating data includes at least the terminal voltage, real-time state of charge, bus voltage and output current of power-type energy storage units and energy-type energy storage units.

[0165] The operating mode determination module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to determine the current system operating mode based on system operating data.

[0166] The initial power command generation module, connected to the operation mode discrimination module, is used to make power allocation decisions based on the current system operation mode and total power demand, and generate initial power commands for power-type energy storage units and energy-type energy storage units.

[0167] The dynamic coordination and correction module is connected to the initial power command generation module. It is used to adjust the initial power command in real time, generate the final power command, and send it to the corresponding energy storage unit for execution.

[0168] The dynamic coordination correction module includes a terminal voltage change rate calculation submodule, which is used to calculate the terminal voltage change rate of the power type energy storage unit based on the real-time terminal voltage data of the power type energy storage unit, and generate a correction strategy accordingly. When the terminal voltage change rate exceeds the preset safety threshold, the correction strategy includes increasing the output share of the energy type energy storage unit and correspondingly reducing the output share of the power type energy storage unit in the next control cycle.

[0169] The device actively avoids overvoltage or undervoltage protection triggered by drastic voltage fluctuations in power-type energy storage units through a dynamic coordination correction module, thereby extending their service life.

[0170] The device reduces the number of deep charge-discharge cycles caused by frequent instantaneous power surges in power-type energy storage units, keeping their state of charge within the high-efficiency operating range, reducing their internal resistance and heat losses, and improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and operational economy of the hybrid energy storage system while extending the unit's lifespan.

[0171] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of the energy management method of the hybrid energy storage system described above.

[0172] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the energy management method for the hybrid energy storage system described above.

[0173] The device mainly comprises four core modules: a data acquisition module, an operation mode determination module, an initial power command generation module, and a dynamic coordination and correction module. These modules are connected and exchange information via a data bus or high-speed communication interface. After power-on, the data acquisition module begins continuous operation. This module uses high-precision voltage and current sensors to collect the voltage and total output current on the DC bus of the hybrid energy storage system in real time. Simultaneously, it collects the terminal voltages of power-type energy storage units (such as supercapacitor banks) and energy-type energy storage units (such as lithium battery banks) through independent sensor channels. Furthermore, this module obtains the real-time state of charge of these two energy storage units through a battery management system or related state estimation algorithms. On the other hand, the data acquisition module receives total power commands from the upper-level energy management system or dispatch center via a communication interface (such as CAN bus or Ethernet). This module preprocesses all this raw data through filtering and calibration, packages it into a unified system operation data packet, and sends it to subsequent modules in real time.

[0174] The operation mode determination module receives system operation data packets from the data acquisition module in real time. This module embeds a logical judgment algorithm, the core of which is based on the sign (charging or discharging) and magnitude of the total demand power, combined with the real-time state of charge of the two energy storage units, to make a comprehensive judgment. For example, when the total demand power is a large-amplitude discharge power and the power-type unit has a high state of charge, the module may determine that the system enters a "high-power joint support mode"; when the total demand power fluctuates slightly, it may enter a "smooth power distribution mode"; when the total demand power is a charging power (such as regenerative braking), it enters an "energy recovery mode"; and when there is no demand, it enters a "standby mode". The determined mode result is passed to the next module as a key indicator.

[0175] The initial power command generation module receives the output flag from the operating mode discrimination module and system operating data from the data acquisition module. Based on the current operating mode, this module invokes the matching power allocation strategy algorithm. For example, in the "high-power joint support mode," the algorithm may focus more on maximizing the instantaneous output capacity of the power unit; in the "energy recovery mode," it may prioritize the charging acceptance capacity of the energy unit. After considering the real-time state of charge and power capacity boundaries of the two energy storage units (calculated based on their characteristic parameters or by looking up tables), the algorithm generates a preliminary set of power allocation commands, namely the initial power command for the power unit and the initial power command for the energy unit, constrained by the total power demand.

[0176] The dynamic coordination and correction module is the core of this device's active safety protection. This module continuously receives real-time sampling sequences of the power storage unit terminal voltages from the data acquisition module. Internally, the module includes a terminal voltage change rate calculation submodule, which calculates the rate of change of the latest terminal voltage sample value relative to the previous sample value at extremely high frequencies.

[0177] The calculated real-time terminal voltage change rate is sent to the logic judgment unit and compared with a preset safety threshold. This safety threshold is stored in the device's parameter table and can be set according to the characteristics of the power unit and system requirements. If the change rate does not exceed the threshold, the logic judgment unit outputs a "no correction required" signal, and the initial power command is directly adopted as the final command.

[0178] If the rate of change exceeds a safety threshold, the logic judgment unit will trigger the correction strategy generator. The generator calculates a power transfer ratio based on the magnitude of the exceedance. Subsequently, the correction execution unit adjusts the initial power command in real time according to this ratio: proportionally reducing the output command of the power-type unit, while simultaneously adding an equal amount of the reduced power value to the output command of the energy-type unit. After this adjustment, the final power command is generated.

[0179] Finally, the module sends the final power command to the power converters connected to the power unit and the energy unit via the control bus, driving them to perform the corresponding charging or discharging actions.

[0180] Working Principle: The core working principle of the device described in this embodiment lies in "modular collaboration and closed-loop dynamic protection." The device decomposes the complex energy management task into four clearly defined and sequentially connected modules: data perception, status judgment, optimization decision-making, and real-time correction. The data acquisition module acts like the device's "sensors," perceiving the internal and external states of the system in real time; the operating mode discrimination module acts like the "cerebral cortex," classifying and characterizing operating conditions; and the initial power command generation module acts like the "strategy center," formulating an economical and efficient preliminary plan based on the operating conditions.

[0181] The dynamic coordination and correction module monitors the operating pressure of power-type units at the millisecond level through the terminal voltage change rate calculation submodule. Once a risk of drastic voltage fluctuations is detected, i.e., the change rate exceeds the threshold, this module does not rely on complex upper-level re-optimization but immediately activates its built-in, fast-response correction logic to directly adjust the upcoming power command proportionally, achieving instantaneous redistribution of power load between the two types of energy storage units. This design forms a local, rapid closed loop for voltage safety of power-type units, completing the entire "sensing-judgment-action" process within milliseconds, thus building an active and agile safety defense line outside the main optimization decision loop. Each module performs its own function while working closely together to ensure that the hybrid energy storage system possesses strong inherent safety while pursuing efficient operation.

[0182] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system, characterized in that, The hybrid energy storage system includes power-type energy storage units and energy-type energy storage units, and the energy management method includes the following steps: S1: Obtain system operating data and total power demand; S2: Based on the system operation data, determine the current system operation mode; S3: Based on the current system operating mode and the total power demand, make a power allocation decision and generate the initial power commands for the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit; S4: Perform dynamic coordination correction, adjust the initial power command in real time, generate the final power command and send it to the corresponding energy storage unit for execution; In step S4, the terminal voltage change rate of the power-type energy storage unit is calculated based on the real-time terminal voltage data of the power-type energy storage unit obtained in step S1, and a correction strategy is generated accordingly. When the terminal voltage change rate exceeds a preset safety threshold, the correction strategy includes increasing the output share of the energy-type energy storage unit and correspondingly reducing the output share of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle. The method, through the correction in step S4, actively avoids the power storage unit from triggering overvoltage or undervoltage protection due to drastic fluctuations in terminal voltage, thereby extending its service life. The method reduces the number of deep charge-discharge cycles caused by frequent instantaneous power surges in the power storage unit, keeping its state of charge within the high-efficiency operating range, reducing its internal resistance loss and heat loss, and improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and operational economy of the hybrid energy storage system while extending the unit's lifespan.

2. The energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of system operating data and total power demand also includes, S11: Real-time acquisition of the bus voltage and output current of the hybrid energy storage system, as well as the terminal voltage and real-time state of charge of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit; S12: Receive the power command issued by the upper-layer system and determine the total required power according to the local power scheduling algorithm.

3. The energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically includes the following steps. S31: Determine the instantaneous power capability boundary of the power-type energy storage unit based on its power characteristic parameters and the first real-time state of charge; S32: Determine the sustainable power capability boundary of the energy storage unit based on its power characteristic parameters and the second real-time state of charge; S33: Taking the total required power as a constraint and minimizing the total system loss as the optimization objective, the initial power command is calculated within the instantaneous power capability boundary and the sustainable power capability boundary.

4. The energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S33, the total system loss includes the charging and discharging losses of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit based on the equivalent internal resistance, the switching losses and conduction losses of their respective power converters, and the penalty losses introduced when the first real-time state of charge and the second real-time state of charge deviate from their respective set operating ranges.

5. The energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 further includes assessing the available power compensation capability of the energy storage unit based on the real-time state of charge data obtained in step S1; when the available capability is lower than a preset capability threshold, generating a power limiting request signal to the upper-level energy management system. In step S2, based on the sign and amplitude of the total demand power, as well as the first real-time state of charge and the second real-time state of charge, the current system operating mode is determined to be one of the following: high-power combined discharge mode, low-power distribution mode, regenerative braking energy recovery mode, and standby mode.

6. The energy management method for a hybrid energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The "minimize total system loss" mentioned in step S33 is calculated using the following formula. ； Its constraints are as follows: ； ； ； Among them, P power This indicates the initial power command of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle; it is greater than 0 for discharging and less than 0 for charging. P energy This indicates the initial power command for the energy storage unit in the next control cycle; a value greater than 0 indicates discharging, and a value less than 0 indicates charging. R power This indicates that the power-type energy storage unit is currently in S p The equivalent internal resistance at temperature was obtained by interpolation from the experimental calibration table; R energy This indicates that the energy storage unit is currently in S e The equivalent internal resistance at temperature was obtained by interpolation from the experimental calibration table; S p Indicates the real-time state of charge of the power-type energy storage unit; S e This indicates the real-time state of charge of the energy storage unit; S p，ref The SOC (State of Charge) represents the midpoint of the high-efficiency operating range of the power cell, given by the cycle life-SOC curve fitting. S e，ref The SOC (State of Charge) represents the midpoint of the high-efficiency operating range of the energy-type unit, which is given by the cycle life-SOC curve fitting. λ p This indicates that the power unit deviates from the penalty coefficient, when S p Within the high-efficiency range [S p，低 S p，高 If ] is true, use 0; otherwise, use 0. linearly increasing, K pun The preset gain is 0.7 in the power type unit and 0.4 in the energy type unit; λ e This represents the deviation penalty coefficient of the energy type unit, and its value is logically ANDed with λ. p same; P total The total power demand of the system is determined by step S12; P power，min (S p ) indicates that the power type unit is in the current S p The maximum allowable charging power (negative value) is given by the instantaneous power capability boundary calculation in step S31; P power，max (S p ) indicates that the power type unit is in the current S p The maximum allowable discharge power (positive value) is given by the instantaneous power capability boundary calculation in step S31; P energy，min (S e ) indicates that the energy type unit is in the current S e The maximum allowable charging power (negative value) is given by the sustainable power capability boundary calculation in step S32; P energy，max (S e ) indicates that the energy type unit is in the current S e The maximum allowable discharge power (positive value) is given by the sustainable power capability boundary calculation in step S32.

7. The energy management method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for a hybrid energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The penalty term loss is expressed as follows: ； in, ； ； K represents the total penalty gain; C p C e These represent the rated capacity of the power-type and energy-type units, respectively; V p C e These represent the rated voltages of the power-type and energy-type units, respectively. The formula for determining and correcting the rate of change of terminal voltage in step S4 is as follows: ； The corrected power command is: ； ； in, ； V k This represents the terminal voltage of the power storage unit sampled during the current control cycle; V k-1 This represents the terminal voltage of the power storage unit obtained from sampling in the previous control cycle; Ts represents the sampling period; β represents the correction gain, which is dimensionless and is set to 0.5 here. It is written into the controller parameter table after offline calibration. α represents the power transfer ratio, determined by the following formula, with its value restricted to [0,1]. ； Among them, dv th The safe threshold for the rate of change of terminal voltage is expressed by the following formula: in, This indicates the maximum allowable rate of change of current for a power cell, i.e., the protection threshold, which is given by the battery manufacturer and system safety specifications.

8. An energy management device for a hybrid energy storage system, characterized in that, include, The data acquisition module is used to acquire system operating data and total power demand in real time. The system operating data includes at least the terminal voltage, real-time state of charge, bus voltage and output current of the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit. The operating mode determination module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to determine the current system operating mode based on the system operating data. An initial power command generation module, connected to an operating mode discrimination module, is used to make power allocation decisions based on the current system operating mode and the total power demand, and generate initial power commands for the power-type energy storage unit and the energy-type energy storage unit. The dynamic coordination and correction module is connected to the initial power command generation module and is used to adjust the initial power command in real time, generate the final power command and send it to the corresponding energy storage unit for execution. The dynamic coordination correction module includes a terminal voltage change rate calculation submodule, which is used to calculate the terminal voltage change rate of the power-type energy storage unit based on the real-time terminal voltage data of the power-type energy storage unit, and generate a correction strategy accordingly. When the terminal voltage change rate exceeds a preset safety threshold, the correction strategy includes increasing the output share of the energy-type energy storage unit and correspondingly reducing the output share of the power-type energy storage unit in the next control cycle. The device actively avoids the power storage unit from triggering overvoltage or undervoltage protection due to drastic fluctuations in terminal voltage through a dynamic coordination correction module, thereby extending its service life. The device reduces the number of deep charge-discharge cycles caused by frequent instantaneous power surges in the power storage unit, keeping its state of charge within the high-efficiency operating range, reducing its internal resistance loss and heat loss, thereby extending the unit's lifespan and improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and operational economy of the hybrid energy storage system.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the energy management method for the hybrid energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the energy management method for the hybrid energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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