Method and device for producing dental prosthesis and use thereof

Abstract

A method for producing a dental prosthesis (12) from at least one material of a first material type is described. Wherein a region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of a material of the first material type has at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness. The method comprises providing a first starting material (M1) having a first color, a first color lightness, and a first opacity. The method further includes providing a second starting material (M2) having a second color, a second color brightness, and a second opacity. Then, a region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of a material of the first material type is constructed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments, each volume segment being formed solely from one or more materials selected from the first starting material (M1) and the second starting material (M2). The invention further relates to a device (10) for producing a dental prosthesis (12). A use is also described.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for fabricating dental restorations from at least one material of a first material type.

[0002] In addition, the present invention relates to an apparatus for making dental restorations from at least one material of a first material type.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a first starting material of a first material type and a second starting material of the first material type.

[0004] Dental restorations (e.g., replacement teeth, partial or complete dentures) should replicate natural teeth and / or natural gums as faithfully as possible. Thus, the restoration should be visually indistinguishable from natural teeth and gums as much as possible. In other words, the restoration should have a realistic appearance. However, the fabrication of dental restorations is often complex due to the uneven color distribution (i.e., at least two parts have different colors), uneven lightness distribution (i.e., at least two parts have different lightness), and uneven opacity distribution (i.e., at least two parts have different opacities) of natural teeth and gums. This applies both to variations of dental restorations fabricated from blanks via milling operations and to variations fabricated using additive manufacturing methods.

[0005] Therefore, there is a conflict between the goal of achieving a high degree of realism in dental restorations and the goal of making them as simple as possible.

[0006] The objective of this invention is to resolve or at least mitigate this conflict of objectives.

[0007] The objective is achieved through a method for fabricating a dental restoration from at least one material of a first material type. The dental restoration, made from the material of the first material type, comprises at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness. The method includes: A first starting material of a first material type is provided, wherein the first starting material has a first color, a first color brightness, and a first opacity. A second starting material of a first material type is provided, wherein the second starting material has a second color, a second color brightness, and a second opacity, and A region of a dental restoration made of a first material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments in space, wherein each volume segment is formed by one or more materials selected from a first starting material and a second starting material.

[0008] In this regard, the material of the first material type can be a tooth substitute material or a gingival substitute material. A volume segment of a dental restoration should be understood as a volume segment that is very small compared to the external dimensions of the dental restoration. Therefore, even compared to the macroscopic portions of the dental restoration to be replicated (as appropriate, such as the incisal edge, dentin core, cervical region, or gingival base), the volume segment is very small. Here, a volume segment can also be referred to as a voxel. For example, a voxel has a length, width, and height of 50 micrometers each. The fact that each volume segment is formed only from one or more materials selected from the first and second starting materials includes three alternatives. According to the first alternative, the volume segment is formed only from the first starting material. According to the second alternative, the volume segment is formed only from the second starting material. According to the third alternative, the volume segment is formed only from the first and second starting materials. In the third alternative, the volume segment can also be said to be formed only from a blend of the first and second starting materials. In the context of this invention, on the other hand, such a blend should be understood as representing an actual physical blend of the starting materials. On the other hand, such blends should also be understood as representing an arrangement of starting materials, wherein the starting materials are not physically mixed, but rather arranged at a scale so small that the human eye cannot distinguish (i.e., differentiate) the various starting materials. In this case, the human eye can perceive it even if the blend does not actually exist. Techniques such as halftone and dithering utilize this effect. The fact that a dental restoration has at least two parts of different colors and at least two parts of different color brightness gives the dental restoration a realistic appearance. It should be understood that the parts of different colors and the parts of different color brightness can be separated from each other, can partially overlap, or can completely overlap. According to the invention, this can be achieved using only two starting materials (i.e., a first starting material and a second starting material). No other starting materials are needed or used. For this reason, the method according to the invention is relatively simple. Therefore, realistic dental restorations can be produced effortlessly by the method according to the invention.

[0009] The first color and the second color can, in principle, be the same or different. Furthermore, the first and second colors can be described, for example, using color models or color theories. In this regard, the first and second colors can be described using the RGB color space, which is a color space defined by red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Alternatively, the first and second colors can be described using the CMYK color space, which is a color space defined by blue (cyan – C), red (magenta – M), yellow (yellow – Y), and black (black – K). In this regard, the color space can also be more generally referred to as a color range. The color range can have one or more dimensions. It is also possible to define the first and second colors in a color spectrum, i.e., via associated optical wavelengths or frequencies. Furthermore, it is possible to describe the first and second colors via the Lab color model, i.e., via lightness values ​​(L values), a color value along an axis defined by green and red, and a b color value along an axis defined by yellow and blue. In a preferred embodiment, the first color and the second color are different. In other words, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically, made of a material of the first material type, may have a first color, a second color, or a mixture of the first and second colors in at least several portions. In other words, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically, made of a material of the first material type, may have any color resulting from a mixture of the first and second colors in a certain ratio. That is, the mixture of the first and second colors defines a color range.

[0010] The first color lightness and the second color lightness can, in principle, be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the first color lightness and the second color lightness are different. That is, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically a dental restoration made of a material of the first material type, can have at least one first color lightness, one second color lightness, or a mixture of the first and second color lightness in at least a plurality of portions. In other words, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically a dental restoration made of a material of the first material type, can have any color lightness within the range of color lightness defined by the first and second color lightness.

[0011] Similarly, the first opacity and the second opacity can, in principle, be the same or different. If the first opacity and the second opacity are the same, the color and color lightness can be set by mixing the first starting material and the second starting material, wherein the opacity remains the same independent of the mixing ratio. When the first opacity and the second opacity are different, the opacity of the dental restoration, more specifically, the opacity of the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the first material type, can be set by mixing the first starting material and the second starting material. In other words, the area of ​​the dental restoration, more specifically, made of the first material type, can have any opacity within the range of opacity defined by the first opacity and the second opacity.

[0012] It is worth noting that the term opacity is the reciprocal of the term semi-transparency, and for simplicity, the term opacity is currently used more commonly.

[0013] This invention is based on the discovery that although natural teeth and natural gums have an uneven color distribution—that is, at least two parts have different colors, which is precisely what dental restorations need to mimic—a limited range or color space is sufficient to give dental restorations a natural appearance. In other words, it has been recognized that to create realistic dental restorations, it is not necessary to be able to set any color and therefore no color distribution; rather, it is sufficient to be able to create dental restorations that present common colors and color blends based on these colors. If the material of the first material type is a tooth substitute, the common color is associated with common tooth colors, which can be described as a beige hue. If the material of the first material type is a gum substitute, the common color is associated with common gum colors, which can be described as a pink or red hue. It has been found that common tooth colors or gum colors and associated color blends can be realistically reproduced by accordingly mixing a starting material having a first color with a starting material having a second color.

[0014] Regarding lightness and lightness distribution, this invention is based on the discovery that although natural teeth and natural gums have uneven lightness distributions—that is, at least two parts have different lightnesses, which is precisely what dental restorations need to mimic—a limited range of lightness is sufficient to give dental restorations a realistic appearance. In other words, it has been recognized that to create realistic dental restorations, it is not necessary to be able to set any lightness and therefore no lightness distribution; rather, it is sufficient to create restorations that present common lightnesses and lightness hues based on these lightnesses. If the material of the first material type is a tooth substitute, then common lightness is related to common tooth lightness. If the material of the first material type is a gum substitute, then common lightness is related to common gum lightness. It has been found that common tooth lightness or gum lightness and associated lightness hues can be realistically replicated by accordingly mixing a first starting material having a first lightness with a second starting material having a second lightness.

[0015] The simplicity of the method according to the invention (using only the first and second starting materials) becomes apparent, especially compared to methods using a larger color space or color range and a wider range of color brightness. In this regard, for example, a modified version of the CMYK color model can be used, as further explained above. If a dental restoration is to be fabricated based on this color model by arranging volume segments, an additional white material is required. Furthermore, the CMYK color model can be simplified by using cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) to create black. Therefore, for the fabrication of a dental restoration, at least four starting materials are required, wherein the first starting material has cyan, the second starting material has magenta, the third starting material has yellow, and the fourth starting material is white (instead of black). Thus, at least four starting materials are required in total, instead of just two, compared to the method according to the invention.

[0016] It should be understood that, according to one option, the method according to the invention utilizes a support material as well as a first starting material and a second starting material. The support material can be used to fabricate the overhang or cantilever portion of a dental restoration.

[0017] Furthermore, it should be understood that the use of numbers to refer to the starting material, color, color brightness, and opacity is solely for ease of explanation. This does not imply any number or quantity.

[0018] Furthermore, it should be understood that in the case of dental restorations made solely of materials of the first material type, the area of ​​the dental restoration made of materials of the first material type is equivalent to the entire dental restoration.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the area of ​​the dental restoration made of a material of the first material type further comprises at least two portions having different opacities. The method then further includes: A third starting material of a first material type is provided, wherein the third starting material has a third color, a third color brightness, and a third opacity. A region of a dental restoration made of a first material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments in space, wherein each volume segment is formed by one or more materials selected from a first starting material, a second starting material, and a third starting material.

[0020] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, a third starting material is added. Therefore, each volume segment can be formed solely of one or more materials selected from the first, second, and third starting materials. This includes seven alternatives. According to the first alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the first starting material. According to the second alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the second starting material. According to the third alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the third starting material. According to the fourth alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the first and second starting materials. According to the fifth alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the first and third starting materials. According to the sixth alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the second and third starting materials. According to the seventh alternative, the volume segment is formed solely of the first, second, and third starting materials. In those alternatives where the volume segment is formed of more than one starting material, the volume segment can also be said to be formed solely of a blend of several starting materials selected from the first, second, and third starting materials. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color brightness, and at least two portions with different opacities gives the dental restoration a particularly realistic appearance. It should be understood that portions of different colors, different lightnesses, and different opacities can be separated from each other, partially overlap, or completely overlap. As previously mentioned, the first, second, and third colors can, in principle, be the same or different. Similarly, the first, second, and third lightnesses can, in principle, be the same or different. Furthermore, the first, second, and third opacities can, in principle, be the same or different. Of course, this is always based on the assumption that the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the first material type has at least two portions of different colors, at least two portions of different lightnesses, and at least two portions of different opacities. A realistic appearance can be achieved using only three starting materials (i.e., the first starting material, the second starting material, and the third starting material). No other starting materials are needed or used. That is, the method is relatively simple. In this example, since only three starting materials are used in total, the color, lightness, and opacity of the dental restoration can be locally set in a simple and reliable manner within certain limitations. Therefore, different sub-volumes of the dental restoration can have different colors, different lightnesses, and different opacities. For example, a sub-volume can be assigned to the incisal edge, dentin nucleus, and neck of the tooth.

[0021] This example is based on the finding that although natural teeth and gums have an uneven distribution of opacity—that is, at least two parts have different opacities, which is precisely what dental restorations need to mimic—a limited range of opacity (e.g., between 40% and 95%) is sufficient to give dental restorations a natural appearance. In other words, it has been recognized that to create realistic dental restorations, it is not necessary to be able to set any opacity and therefore no opacity distribution; rather, it is sufficient to be able to create dental restorations that exhibit common opacities and ranges of opacity based on these opacities. It has been found that common opacities can be realistically replicated by accordingly mixing at least one starting material having a first opacity with a starting material having a second opacity.

[0022] This example will be explained with reference to opacity. However, it should be understood that this example can also be explained in the same way with reference to semi-transparency. Opacity and semi-transparency are interchangeable.

[0023] In one variation, two colors selected from the first, second, and third colors can be the same. Alternatively or additionally, two colors selected from the first, second, and third colors can be different. That is, according to the first alternative, two colors from the first, second, and third colors are the same, with the remaining colors being different from them. According to the second alternative, two colors from the first, second, and third colors are different. Therefore, the remaining colors are the same as one of the different colors. In one example, the first color is the same as the second color, and the third color is different from it. In another example, the first color is the same as the third color, and the second color is different from it. In yet another example, the second color is the same as the third color, and the first color is different from it. The method is further simplified if two colors selected from the first, second, and third colors are intentionally made to be the same or different. This is because, in order to create a portion of the dental restoration with a specific color, the two different colors from the first, second, and third colors can be intentionally mixed. Mixing the two identical colors from the first, second, and third colors does not result in any color change. In other words, other properties, such as color brightness or opacity, can be set using separately associated starting materials, thus allowing these properties to be set independently of the color of the dental restoration.

[0024] In one example, the two lightnesses selected from the first, second, and third color lightnesses can be the same. Alternatively or additionally, the two lightnesses selected from the first, second, and third color lightnesses can be different. That is, according to the first alternative, two of the first, second, and third color lightnesses are the same, with the remaining lightnesses being different from them. According to the second alternative, two of the first, second, and third color lightnesses are different. Therefore, the remaining lightnesses are the same as one of the different lightnesses. In one example, the first and second color lightnesses are the same, and the third color lightness is different. In another example, the first and third color lightnesses are the same, and the second color lightness is different. In yet another example, the second and third color lightnesses are the same, and the first color lightness is different. The method is further simplified if the two lightnesses selected from the first, second, and third color lightnesses are specifically made to be the same or different. This is because, in order to create a portion of a dental restoration with a specific color lightness, two different lightnesses from a first, second, and third color lightness can be selectively mixed. Mixing the same two lightnesses from the first, second, and third color lightnesses does not result in any change in color lightness. In other words, other properties, such as color or opacity, can be set using separately associated starting materials, and thus these properties can be set independently of the color lightness of the dental restoration.

[0025] According to one exemplary embodiment, two opacities selected from a first opacity, a second opacity, and a third opacity may be the same. Alternatively or additionally, the two opacities selected from a first opacity, a second opacity, and a third opacity may be different. That is, according to a first alternative, two of the first opacity, a second opacity, and a third opacity are the same, with the remaining opacities being different from them. According to a second alternative, two of the first opacity, a second opacity, and a third opacity are different. Therefore, the remaining opacities are the same as one of the different opacities. In one example, the first opacity is the same as the second opacity, and the third opacity is different from it. In another example, the first opacity is the same as the third opacity, and the second opacity is different from it. In yet another example, the second opacity is the same as the third opacity, and the first opacity is different from it. The method is further simplified if the two opacities selected from the first opacity, a second opacity, and a third opacity are specifically made to be the same or different. This is because, in order to create a portion of a dental restoration with a specific opacity, the two different opacities of the first opacity, a second opacity, and a third opacity can be selectively blended. Mixing the same two opacities from the first, second, and third opacities will not result in any change in opacity. That is, other properties, such as color or hue, can be set using separately associated starting materials, and thus can be set independently of the hue of the dental restoration.

[0026] In one example, the first color is different from the second color, the third color is the same as the first color, the lightness of the first color is different from the second color, the lightness of the third color is the same as the first color, the first opacity is the same as the second opacity, and the first opacity is different from the third opacity. That is, in this example, the color of the dental restoration can be specifically set by selectively mixing the first and second starting materials. This can be done locally, meaning that at different locations on the dental restoration, the first and second starting materials can be mixed in different ratios, resulting in different colors at those locations. Similarly, the lightness of the dental restoration can be specifically set by selectively mixing the first and second starting materials. Again, this can be done locally, meaning that at different locations on the dental restoration, the first and second starting materials can be mixed in different ratios, resulting in different lightness at those locations. Here, the first and second starting materials differ only in opacity. Therefore, the opacity of the dental restoration can be specifically set by selectively mixing the first and third starting materials. Furthermore, this can be done locally, meaning that the first and third starting materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations on the dental restoration, resulting in varying opacities at those locations. It should be understood that the preset mixing ratios of the first and second starting materials, as well as the preset mixing ratios of the first and third starting materials, also result in a fixed mixing ratio between the second and third starting materials. In other words, overall, color, lightness, and opacity can be selectively and locally set within the dental restoration. This gives the dental restoration a realistic appearance.

[0027] In one example, the first opacity is the same as the second opacity, and the third opacity is different from it; the first and second opacities can be higher than the third opacity. This is advantageous if the dental restoration to be made is predominantly high in opacity. This is, for example, the case for the dentin core of a dental restoration used as a replacement tooth. Therefore, based on the first and second opacities (which are relatively high), locally different opacities can be set by incorporating a third starting material with a third, lower opacity to locally reduce the opacity (i.e., increase translucency). This is advantageous, for example, for the incisal edge of a replacement tooth.

[0028] In another example, where the first opacity is the same as the second opacity, and the third opacity differs from it, the first and second opacities can be lower than the third opacity. This is advantageous if the dental restoration to be made is predominantly low in opacity. This is, for example, the case for denture bases that mimic gums. Therefore, based on the first and second opacities (which are relatively low), locally different opacities can be set by incorporating a third starting material with a third, higher opacity to locally increase opacity (i.e., reduce translucency). This is advantageous, for example, for mimicking small blood vessels in denture bases.

[0029] The dental restoration may further include a second material type. The dental restoration made of the second material type has at least two portions with different colors and at least two portions with different shades of color. The method then further includes: A fourth starting material of the second material type is provided, wherein the fourth starting material has a fourth color, a fourth color brightness, and a fourth opacity. Provide a fifth starting material of the second material type, wherein the fifth starting material has a fifth color, a fifth color brightness, and a fifth opacity. A region of a dental restoration made of the second material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments in space, wherein each volume segment is formed by one or more materials selected from the fourth and fifth starting materials.

[0030] In other words, the dental restoration to be fabricated includes materials of a first material type and materials of a second material type. In this context, the first material type can be a tooth substitute material, and the second material type can be a gingival substitute material. The reverse is also possible. The area of ​​the dental restoration made from the second material type is also formed by arranging multiple volume segments in space. Again, a volume segment of the dental restoration should be understood as a volume segment that is very small compared to the external dimensions of the dental restoration. Therefore, even compared to the macroscopic parts of the dental restoration to be replicated (depending on the case, such as the incisal edge, dentin core, cervical region, or gingival base), the volume segment is very small. A volume segment can also be referred to as a voxel. The fact that each volume segment is formed only from one or more materials selected from the fourth and fifth starting materials includes three alternatives. According to the first alternative, the volume segment is formed only from the fourth starting material. According to the second alternative, the volume segment is formed only from the fifth starting material. According to the third alternative, the volume segment is formed only from the fourth and fifth starting materials. In the third alternative, the volume segment can also be said to be formed only from a blend of the fourth and fifth starting materials. The fact that a region of a dental restoration made of the second material type also has at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness gives that region of the dental restoration a realistic appearance. It should be understood that the portions of different colors and different color lightness can be separated from each other, can partially overlap, or can completely overlap. This can be achieved using only two starting materials (i.e., a fourth starting material and a fifth starting material). No other starting materials are needed or used. Therefore, the method is relatively simple. In general, a dental restoration can thus be produced having at least one region made of a first material type and at least one region made of a second material type, wherein both the region made of the first material type and the region made of the second material type have at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness. Therefore, a realistic dental restoration can be produced effortlessly by the method according to the invention.

[0031] The fourth and fifth colors can, in principle, be the same or different. They can be described, for example, using color models or color theories. In this regard, the fourth and fifth colors can be described using the RGB color space, that is, a color space defined by red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Alternatively, the fourth and fifth colors can be described using the CMYK color space, that is, a color space defined by blue (cyan – C), red (magenta – M), yellow (yellow – Y), and black (black – K). As mentioned earlier, a color space can also be more generally referred to as a color range. A color range can have one or more dimensions. The fourth and fifth colors can also be defined in a color spectrum, i.e., via associated optical wavelengths or frequencies. Furthermore, it is possible to describe the fourth and fifth colors via the Lab color model, i.e., via lightness values ​​(L values), color values ​​along the axis defined by green and red, and color values ​​along the axis defined by yellow and blue. In a preferred embodiment, the fourth and fifth colors are different. In other words, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically a dental restoration made of a material of the second material type, may have a fourth or fifth color, or a mixture of colors produced by the fourth and fifth colors, in at least several portions. In other words, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically a dental restoration made of a material of the second material type, may have any color within the color range defined by the fourth and fifth colors. That is, a dental restoration may have any color produced by mixing the fourth and fifth colors.

[0032] The fourth and fifth color lightness values ​​can, in principle, be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the fourth and fifth color lightness values ​​are different. That is, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically a dental restoration made of a material of the second material type, may have a fourth color lightness value or a fifth color lightness value, or a mixed color lightness value resulting from the fourth and fifth color lightness values, in at least a plurality of portions. In other words, areas of a dental restoration, more specifically a dental restoration made of a material of the second material type, may have any color lightness value within the color lightness range defined by the fourth and fifth color lightness values.

[0033] Similarly, the fourth and fifth opacities can, in principle, be the same or different. If the fourth and fifth opacities are the same, the color and color brightness can be set by mixing the fourth and fifth starting materials, where the opacities remain the same. When the fourth and fifth opacities are different, the opacity of the dental restoration can be set by mixing the fourth and fifth starting materials; more specifically, the opacity of areas of the dental restoration made of the second material type. In other words, areas of the dental restoration, more specifically, those made of the second material type, can have any opacity within the range defined by the fourth and fifth opacities.

[0034] According to one variant, the area of ​​the dental restoration made of a second material type further comprises at least two portions with different opacities. The method then further includes: Provide a sixth starting material of the second material type, wherein the sixth starting material has a sixth color, a sixth color brightness, and a sixth opacity. A region of a dental restoration made of the second material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments in space, wherein each volume segment is formed by one or more materials selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials.

[0035] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, a sixth starting material is added to construct the region made of a material of the second material type. Therefore, each volume segment can be formed only of one or more materials selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. This includes seven alternatives. According to the first alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the fourth starting material. According to the second alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the fifth starting material. According to the third alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the sixth starting material. According to the fourth alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the fourth and fifth starting materials. According to the fifth alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the fourth and sixth starting materials. According to the sixth alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the fifth and sixth starting materials. According to the seventh alternative, the volume segment is formed only of the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. In those alternatives where the volume segment is formed of more than one starting material, the volume segment can also be said to be formed only of a blend of several starting materials selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. The fact that a dental restoration (more specifically, an area of ​​a dental restoration made of a material of the second material type) has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness, and at least two portions with different opacities gives the dental restoration a particularly realistic appearance. It should be understood that the portions with different colors, different color lightness, and different opacities can be separated from each other, can partially overlap, or can completely overlap. As previously mentioned, the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can, in principle, be the same or different. Similarly, the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightness can, in principle, be the same or different. Furthermore, the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities can, in principle, be the same or different. For areas made of the material of the second material type, a realistic appearance can be achieved using only three starting materials (i.e., the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials). No other starting materials are needed or used. That is to say, the method is relatively simple. In this example, since only three starting materials are used for the areas of the dental restoration made of the second material type, and only six starting materials are used for the entire dental restoration, the color, color brightness, and opacity of the dental restoration can be locally set for the areas made of the first material type and the areas made of the second material type in a simple and reliable manner within certain limitations.

[0036] As mentioned earlier, it should be understood that while this example is illustrated with reference to opacity, it can also be illustrated in the same way with reference to semi-transparency. Opacity and semi-transparency are interchangeable.

[0037] In this method, two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be the same. Alternatively, or additionally, two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be different. That is, according to the first alternative, two colors from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors are the same, with the remaining colors being different from them. According to the second alternative, two colors from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors are different. Therefore, the remaining colors are the same as one of the different colors. In one example, the fourth color is the same as the fifth color, and the sixth color is different from it. In another example, the fourth color is the same as the sixth color, and the fifth color is different from it. In yet another example, the fifth color is the same as the sixth color, and the fourth color is different from it. The method is further simplified if two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors are intentionally made to be the same or different. This is because, in order to create a portion of the dental restoration with a specific color, the two different colors from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be intentionally mixed. Mixing the two identical colors from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors does not result in any color change. In other words, other properties, such as color brightness or opacity, can be set using separately associated starting materials, thus allowing these properties to be set independently of the color of the dental restoration.

[0038] Furthermore, the two lightnesses selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses can be the same. Alternatively or additionally, the two lightnesses selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses can be different. That is, according to the first alternative, two of the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses are the same, with the remaining lightnesses being different from them. According to the second alternative, two of the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses are different. Therefore, the remaining lightnesses are the same as one of the different lightnesses. In one example, the fourth color lightness is the same as the fifth color lightness, and the sixth color lightness is different from it. In another example, the fourth color lightness is the same as the sixth color lightness, and the fifth color lightness is different from it. In yet another example, the fourth color lightness is the same as the fifth color lightness, and the sixth color lightness is different from it. The method is further simplified if the two lightnesses selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses are specifically made to be the same or different. This is because, in order to create a portion of a dental restoration with a specific color lightness, two different lightnesses from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses can be selectively mixed. Mixing the same two lightnesses from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color lightnesses does not result in any change in color lightness. In other words, other properties, such as color or opacity, can be set using separately associated starting materials, and thus these properties can be set independently of the color lightness of the dental restoration.

[0039] It is also possible that the two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities are the same. Alternatively or additionally, the two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities can be different. That is, according to the first alternative, two of the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities are the same, with the remaining opacities being different from them. According to the second alternative, two of the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities are different. Therefore, the remaining opacities are the same as one of the different opacities. In one example, the fourth opacity is the same as the fifth opacity, and the sixth opacity is different from it. In another example, the fourth opacity is the same as the sixth opacity, and the fifth opacity is different from it. In yet another example, the fifth opacity is the same as the sixth opacity, and the fourth opacity is different from it. The method is further simplified if the two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities are specifically made to be the same or different. This is because, in order to create a portion of a dental restoration with a specific opacity, the two different opacities of the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities can be selectively blended. Mixing the same two opacities from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities will not result in any change in opacity. That is, other properties, such as color or hue, can be set using separately associated starting materials, and thus can be set independently of the hue of the dental restoration.

[0040] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fourth color is different from the fifth color, the sixth color is the same as the fifth color, the lightness of the fourth color is different from the lightness of the fifth color, the lightness of the sixth color is the same as the lightness of the fifth color, the fourth opacity is the same as the fifth opacity, and the fourth opacity is different from the sixth opacity. That is, in this example, the color of the dental restoration can be specifically set by selectively mixing the fourth and fifth starting materials. This can be done locally, i.e., at different locations on the dental restoration, the fourth and fifth starting materials can be mixed in different ratios, resulting in the dental restoration exhibiting different colors at those locations. Similarly, the lightness of the dental restoration color can be specifically set by selectively mixing the fourth and fifth starting materials. Again, this can be done locally, i.e., at different locations on the dental restoration, the fourth and fifth starting materials can be mixed in different ratios, resulting in the dental restoration exhibiting different color lightness at those locations. The fourth or fifth starting material differs from the sixth starting material in terms of opacity. Therefore, the opacity of a dental restoration can be selectively set by selectively mixing the fourth or fifth starting material with the sixth starting material, respectively. Again, this can be done locally, meaning that the fourth or fifth starting material can be mixed with the sixth starting material at different ratios in different locations on the dental restoration, resulting in varying opacities in those locations. It should be understood that the preset mixing ratios of the fourth and fifth starting materials, and the preset mixing ratios of the fourth and sixth starting materials, also result in a fixed mixing ratio between the fifth and sixth starting materials. In other words, in general, color, lightness, and opacity can be selectively and locally set within the dental restoration (more specifically, in areas of the dental restoration made from the second material type). In this way, the dental restoration is given a realistic appearance.

[0041] In one example, the fourth opacity is the same as the fifth opacity, and the sixth opacity is different from it; the fourth and fifth opacities can be higher than the sixth opacity. This is advantageous if the dental restoration to be made is predominantly high in opacity. This is, for example, the case for the dentin core of a dental restoration used as a replacement tooth. Therefore, based on the fourth and fifth opacities (which are relatively high), locally different opacities can be set by incorporating a sixth starting material with a sixth, lower opacity to locally reduce the opacity (i.e., increase translucency). This is advantageous, for example, for the incisal edge of a replacement tooth.

[0042] In another example, the fourth opacity is the same as the fifth opacity, and the sixth opacity is different, with the fourth and fifth opacities being lower than the sixth opacity. This is advantageous if the dental restoration to be made is predominantly low in opacity. This is, for example, the case for denture bases that mimic gums. Therefore, based on the fourth and fifth opacities (which are relatively high), locally different opacities can be set by incorporating a sixth starting material with a sixth, higher opacity to locally increase opacity (i.e., reduce translucency). This is advantageous, for example, for mimicking small blood vessels in denture bases.

[0043] The first material type can be a tooth substitute material. The second material type can be a gingival substitute material. Alternatively, the first material type can be a gingival substitute material, and the second material type can be a tooth substitute material. Therefore, dental restorations can be fabricated according to different variations. In the first variation, the dental restoration includes one or more substitute teeth. These substitute teeth are made of tooth substitute material. In the second variation, the dental restoration includes a denture base, i.e., a replica of the gingiva. This is made of gingival substitute material. In the third variation, the dental restoration includes a denture base made of gingival substitute material and at least one substitute tooth made of tooth substitute material. In all these variations, the dental restoration has a realistic appearance.

[0044] If the material of the first material type is a dental substitute material, then one or more colors selected from the first color, the second color, and the third color can be used as the tooth color.

[0045] If the material of the second material type is a gingival replacement material, then one or more colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be used as the gingival color.

[0046] If the material of the first material type is a gingival replacement material, then one or more colors selected from the first color, the second color, and the third color may be the gingival color.

[0047] If the material of the second material type is a tooth replacement material, then one or more colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be used as tooth colors.

[0048] In the aforementioned cases, tooth color may be determined empirically. Alternatively or additionally, gingival color may be determined empirically.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, in the Lab color model, a first color is defined by a value and a value, and the lightness of the first color is defined by a value. Alternatively or additionally, in the Lab color model, a second color is defined by a value and a value, and the lightness of the second color is defined by a value. Alternatively or additionally, in the Lab color model, a third color is defined by a value and a value, and the lightness of the third color is defined by a value. Alternatively or additionally, in the Lab color model, a fourth color is defined by a value and a value, and the lightness of the fourth color is defined by a value. Alternatively or additionally, in the Lab color model, a fifth color is defined by a value and a value, and the lightness of the fifth color is defined by a value. Alternatively or additionally, in the Lab color model, a sixth color is defined by a value and a value, and the lightness of the sixth color is defined by a value. In other words, one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth colors, as well as the lightness values ​​of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth colors, are defined using the already explained Lab color model. This color model provides lightness values ​​(L values), color values ​​along an axis defined by green and red, and color values ​​along an axis defined by yellow and blue, to describe the color and lightness within a color range or color space spanned in this way. The Lab color model is particularly well-suited for describing the common colors and lightness values ​​of dental restorations. Therefore, it constitutes a simple and reliable way to describe one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth colors, as well as the lightness values ​​of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth colors.

[0050] According to one variant, the areas of the dental restoration constructed from a first material type are additively manufactured. Alternatively or additionally, the areas of the dental restoration constructed from a second material type are additively manufactured. That is, the dental restoration is made by additive or generative manufacturing methods. In this way, patient-specific dental restorations can be produced. The dental restoration can meet the highest requirements in terms of functionality (i.e., mechanical properties) and aesthetics (particularly related to color, color lightness, and opacity). Additive manufacturing of dental restorations involves, for example, the layer-by-layer fabrication of the dental restoration. Examples of such additive manufacturing methods are fused deposition modeling (FDM) and other extrusion methods, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), and material jetting. The latter originates from classic inkjet printing (2D printing). The effect of all these methods is that realistic dental restorations can be produced using the methods according to the invention, however, requiring only a relatively small amount of starting material. This simplifies the implementation of these additive manufacturing methods because only a relatively small amount of material and / or color channels are needed. However, dental restorations with different colors, different color lightness, and / or different opacities can be produced.

[0051] Furthermore, the objective is achieved by a device for fabricating dental restorations from at least one material of a first material type. The device includes: A first supply unit is configured to provide a first starting material of a first material type, wherein the first starting material has a first color, a first color brightness, and a first opacity. The second supply unit is used to provide a second starting material of the first material type, wherein the second starting material has a second color, a second color brightness, and a second opacity, and A construction space is used to construct at least one region of a dental restoration made of a first material type by arranging multiple volume segments in the space, wherein each volume segment is formed by only one or more materials selected from a first starting material and a second starting material.

[0052] Secondly, the material of the first material type can be a tooth substitute or a gingival substitute. With such a device, a dental restoration can be fabricated having at least two portions with different colors and at least two portions with different shades of color. Such a dental restoration has a realistic appearance. Furthermore, the device has a simple structure because only a first supply unit and a second supply unit are required. No other supply units for the starting material are needed or used. Therefore, realistic dental restorations can be fabricated effortlessly with the device according to the invention, and the structure of the device is relatively simple. Moreover, the effects, advantages, and further explanations mentioned regarding the method according to the invention also apply to the device according to the invention.

[0053] It should be understood that in the device according to the invention, the first supply unit and the second supply unit and the construction space are arranged relative to each other such that a region of the dental restoration made of a material of the first material type can be constructed within the construction space.

[0054] The simplicity of the device according to the invention (using only the first and second supply units) becomes apparent, especially when compared to devices using a wider color gamut or color space and a wider range of color brightness. As previously mentioned, a modified version of the CMYK color model can be used in this regard. If a dental restoration is to be fabricated based on this color model, additional white material is required. Furthermore, the CMYK color model can be simplified by mixing cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) to form black. Therefore, to fabricate a dental restoration, at least four supply units are required, wherein the first supply unit provides a first starting material of cyan, the second supply unit provides a second starting material of magenta, the third supply unit provides a third starting material of yellow, and the fourth supply unit provides a fourth starting material of white. Thus, at least four supply units are required in total, instead of just two, compared to the device according to the invention.

[0055] The apparatus according to the invention can be used to implement the method according to the invention.

[0056] In one variant, the device further includes a third supply unit for providing a third starting material of the first material type, wherein the third starting material has a third color, a third color lightness, and a third opacity. The build space is designed to construct at least one region of a dental restoration made of the first material type by arranging multiple volume segments in space. Each volume segment is formed only by one or more materials selected from the first, second, and third starting materials. That is, in this exemplary embodiment, a third supply unit is added. Therefore, dental restorations with at least two portions of different colors, at least two portions of different color lightness, and at least two portions of different opacities can be produced. This gives the dental restoration a particularly realistic appearance. However, since there are only three supply units, the structure of the device is relatively simple. If it is desired to incorporate variable translucency when applying the illustrated modified CMYK model (cyan, magenta, yellow, white (instead of black),) additional supply units for transparent materials would be needed here, meaning a total of five supply units for each material type. Furthermore, reference can be made to the statement regarding the third starting material in relation to the method according to the invention.

[0057] According to one example, the device is further designed for fabricating dental restorations comprising a second material type. The device additionally includes: A fourth supply unit is configured to provide a fourth starting material of the second material type, wherein the fourth starting material has a fourth color, a fourth color brightness, and a fourth opacity. The fifth supply unit is used to provide a fifth starting material of the second material type, wherein the fifth starting material has a fifth color, a fifth color brightness, and a fifth opacity. The construction space is designed to construct at least one region of a dental restoration made of a material of a second material type by arranging multiple volume segments in space. Each volume segment is formed only by one or more materials selected from a fourth and a fifth starting material. That is, a dental restoration comprising a material of a first material type and a material of a second material type can be fabricated using the device according to this example. In this regard, the material of the first material type can be a tooth replacement material, and the material of the second material type can be a gingival replacement material. The reverse is also possible. The region of the dental restoration made of the material of the second material type is also formed by arranging multiple volume segments in space. The fact that the region of the dental restoration made of the material of the second material type also has at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness gives that region of the dental restoration a realistic appearance. Furthermore, the structure of the device is relatively simple. In general, a dental restoration can thus be fabricated comprising at least one region made of a material of a first material type and at least one region made of a material of a second material type, wherein both the region made of the first material type and the region made of the second material type have at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness. Therefore, realistic dental restorations can be produced effortlessly and simply using the device.

[0058] It should be understood that the fourth supply unit, the fifth supply unit, and the construction space are arranged relative to each other such that the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the second material type can be constructed within the construction space.

[0059] In one embodiment, the device further includes a sixth supply unit for providing a sixth starting material of the second material type, wherein the sixth starting material has a sixth color, a sixth color lightness, and a sixth opacity. The build space is designed to construct at least one region of a dental restoration made of the second material type by arranging multiple volume segments in space. Each volume segment is formed only by one or more materials selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. That is, in this exemplary embodiment, a sixth supply unit is added. The fact that the dental restoration (more specifically, the region of the dental restoration made of the second material type) also has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness, and at least two portions with different opacities gives the dental restoration a particularly realistic appearance. Meanwhile, the structure of the device is relatively simple. Only three supply units are needed for a region of the dental restoration made of the second material type, and only six supply units are needed for the entire dental restoration. No additional supply units for the starting material are required or used.

[0060] In one example, the apparatus further includes a seventh supply unit for providing support material in the construction space. The support material can be used to create overhanging or cantilevered portions from one or more materials selected from a first starting material, a second starting material, a third starting material, a fourth starting material, a fifth starting material, and a sixth starting material.

[0061] In the device according to the invention, at least one of the first supply unit, second supply unit, third supply unit, fourth supply unit, fifth supply unit, sixth supply unit, and seventh supply unit can be a 3D printing head. In this case, the device constitutes a 3D printing apparatus. Thus, realistic dental restorations can be produced using the device, which can also be designed and manufactured individually for each patient.

[0062] Furthermore, the objective is achieved by using only a first starting material and a second starting material of the first material type to fabricate at least one region of a dental restoration made of the first material type. This region has at least two portions with different colors and at least two portions with different shades. As previously mentioned, the first material type can be a tooth substitute or a gingival substitute. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two portions with different colors and at least two portions with different shades gives the dental restoration a realistic appearance. According to the invention, this can be achieved using only two starting materials (i.e., the first starting material and the second starting material). No other starting materials are needed or used. Therefore, the use according to the invention makes the fabrication of such dental restorations relatively simple. In other words, realistic dental restorations can be fabricated effortlessly using the use according to the invention. Furthermore, reference can be made to the statements regarding the method according to the invention. The variations, effects, and advantages cited therein also apply to the use according to the invention.

[0063] In one example, a region of a dental restoration made of a material of the first material type is created using only a first starting material of the first material type, a second starting material of the first material type, and a third starting material of the first material type. The region has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness, and at least two portions with different opacities. That is, in this exemplary embodiment, a third starting material is added. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness, and at least two portions with different opacities gives the dental restoration a particularly realistic appearance. This is achieved in a relatively simple manner using only three starting materials. No other starting materials are needed or used. Refer to the above explanation, especially the explanation concerning the method according to the invention.

[0064] According to another example of the described use, at least one area of ​​a dental restoration made of the second material type is fabricated using only a fourth starting material of the second material type and a fifth starting material of the second material type. The area has at least two portions with different colors and at least two portions with different shades. That is, the dental restoration to be fabricated includes materials of both the first and second material types. In this regard, the first material type can be a tooth substitute, and the second material type can be a gingival substitute. The reverse is also possible. The fact that the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the second material type also has at least two portions with different colors and at least two portions with different shades gives that portion of the dental restoration a realistic appearance. This can be achieved using only two starting materials (i.e., the fourth and fifth starting materials). No other starting materials are needed or used. Therefore, the fabrication of the dental restoration is relatively simple.

[0065] In one example, at least one area of ​​a dental restoration made of the second material type is fabricated using only a fourth starting material of the second material type, a fifth starting material of the second material type, and a sixth starting material of the second material type. The area has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness, and at least two portions with different opacities. That is, in this exemplary embodiment, a sixth starting material is added. The fact that the dental restoration (more specifically, the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the second material type) also has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness, and at least two portions with different opacities gives the dental restoration a particularly realistic appearance. This is achieved in a relatively simple manner by using only three starting materials. No other starting materials are needed or used. Refer to the above explanation, especially the explanation concerning the method according to the invention.

[0066] It should be understood that the foregoing examples and embodiments may be combined independently of the aspects of the invention that illustrate them.

[0067] Furthermore, the present invention and the ideas behind it have been explained with reference to materials of the first and second material types. However, it should be understood that references to materials of the first and second material types should not be considered exhaustive. That is, materials of the third, fourth, and so on can also be used. The ideas and concepts behind the present invention can also be applied to materials of other material types. That is, generally, n material types can be used. Therefore, a dental restoration comprises n regions, each of which is made of a material of the assigned material type.

[0068] The method according to the invention can, in principle, be implemented using either plastic or ceramic materials. That is, in the first case, all starting materials are plastic, and in the second case, all starting materials are ceramic. Ceramic materials can be processed, for example, in the form of a slurry. Combinations of plastic and ceramic materials are also conceivable.

[0069] The invention will now be illustrated with reference to various exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 An apparatus for fabricating dental restorations according to the invention is shown, wherein the method according to the invention is implemented via said apparatus. Figure 2 Shown in detailed view Figure 1 Dental restorations, Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the optical properties of the starting material of the first material type is shown, and... Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the optical properties of the starting material of the second material type is shown.

[0070] Figure 1 An apparatus 10 for fabricating a dental prosthesis 12 is shown.

[0071] In the exemplary embodiment depicted, the device 10 is designed to manufacture the dental restoration 12 by an additive manufacturing method.

[0072] Therefore, device 10 can also be called a 3D printing device or a 3D printer.

[0073] The device 10 includes a mounting device 14 on which the dental restoration 12 to be fabricated can be constructed additively.

[0074] In addition, the device 10 includes an introduction unit 16, which is designed to introduce starting material into the build space 18 of the device 10, the starting material being explained in more detail below, and the dental prosthesis 12 being built from the starting material by the device 10.

[0075] Therefore, the introduction unit 16 is installed so that it can move relative to the mounting device 14 within the construction space 18.

[0076] The introduction unit 16 comprises a total of seven supply units.

[0077] The first supply unit 20 is designed to provide a first starting material M1 of a first material type.

[0078] The second supply unit 22 is designed to provide a second starting material M2 of the first material type.

[0079] The third supply unit 24 is designed to provide the third starting material M3 of the first material type.

[0080] The fourth supply unit 26 is designed to provide the fourth starting material M4 of the second material type.

[0081] The fifth supply unit 28 is designed to provide the fifth starting material M5 of the second material type.

[0082] The sixth supply unit 30 is designed to provide the sixth starting material M6 of the second material type.

[0083] The seventh supply unit 32 is designed to provide support material M7.

[0084] In the exemplary embodiments depicted, the first material type relates to tooth replacement materials, and the second material type relates to gingival replacement materials.

[0085] The tooth replacement material is a flowable mixture of methacrylates and / or acrylates with fillers and dyes / pigments used to improve abrasion resistance.

[0086] Gingival replacement materials are flowable mixtures of methacrylates and / or acrylates with dyes / pigments. Additionally, gingival replacement materials may optionally contain additives to improve fracture toughness.

[0087] The first starting material M1 has a first color F1, a first color lightness H1, and a first opacity O1. The first color F1 is defined by the a and b values ​​in the Lab color model. The first color lightness H1 is defined by the L value in the Lab color model.

[0088] The second starting material M2 has a second color F2, a second color lightness H2, and a second opacity O2. The second color F2 is defined by the a and b values ​​in the Lab color model. The second color lightness H2 is defined by the L value in the Lab color model.

[0089] The third starting material M3 has a third color F3, a third color lightness H3, and a third opacity O3. The third color F3 is defined by the a and b values ​​in the Lab color model. The third color lightness H3 is defined by the L value in the Lab color model.

[0090] The fourth starting material M4 has a fourth color F4, a fourth color lightness H4, and a fourth opacity O4. The fourth color F4 is defined by the a and b values ​​in the Lab color model. The fourth color lightness H4 is defined by the L value in the Lab color model.

[0091] The fifth starting material M5 has a fifth color F5, a fifth color lightness H5, and a fifth opacity O5. The fifth color F5 is defined by the a and b values ​​in the Lab color model. The fifth color lightness H5 is defined by the L value in the Lab color model.

[0092] The sixth starting material M6 has a sixth color F6, a sixth color lightness H6, and a sixth opacity O6. The sixth color F6 is defined by the a and b values ​​in the Lab color model. The sixth color lightness H6 is defined by the L value in the Lab color model.

[0093] The support material M7 also has color, color lightness, and opacity. However, since the support material is not part of the dental restoration 12, its color, color lightness, and opacity are irrelevant.

[0094] It is worth noting that, in Figure 1 In this illustration, for ease of explanation, the dental restoration 12 to be fabricated is depicted in its finished state. It should be understood that the dental restoration 12 is constructed layer by layer, for example, by arranging volume segments V in space using the device 10. For clarity, Figure 2 Only a few volume segments V are drawn in the view. Furthermore, the volume segments V are depicted at a magnified scale.

[0095] In the depicted exemplary embodiment, the dental restoration 12 includes a denture base 34 and a replacement tooth 36. The denture base 34 replicates the natural gingiva, and the replacement tooth 36 replicates the natural tooth.

[0096] Therefore, the replacement tooth 36 is constructed from materials of the first material type (i.e., first starting material M1, second starting material M2 and third starting material M3).

[0097] The denture base 34 is constructed from materials of the second material type (i.e., the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6).

[0098] It should be understood that the dental restoration 12 depicted in the figure is illustrative only. Other dental restorations 12 are contemplated depending on the application. In particular, a dental restoration 12 comprising only one or more replacement teeth 36 and not requiring any denture base is contemplated. Similarly, a dental restoration 12 comprising only a denture base 34 (i.e., without replacement teeth 36) is contemplated.

[0099] In the exemplary embodiment depicted, the substitute tooth 36 is a realistic replica of a natural tooth. This is reflected in the fact that the substitute tooth 36 has a first portion 36a (replicating the tooth neck), a second portion 36b (replicating the dentin nucleus), and a third portion 36c (replicating the tooth incisal edge).

[0100] The first part 36a, the second part 36b, and the third part 36c are different in terms of color, color brightness, and opacity.

[0101] In this regard, part 36a has neck color FH, neck color lightness HH, and neck opacity OH.

[0102] Part 2, 36b, has dentin nucleus color (FK), dentin nucleus color brightness (HK), and dentin nucleus opacity (OK).

[0103] Part 36c has tooth incisor color FS, tooth incisor color brightness HS, and tooth incisor opacity OS.

[0104] In the depicted exemplary embodiment, the denture base 34 is also a realistic replica of the natural gums. This is reflected in the fact that several portions of the denture base 34 differ in their color, color brightness, and opacity. Specifically, in the depicted exemplary embodiment, two exemplary portions 34a and 34b are drawn, wherein the first portion 34a replicates gingival tissue, and the second portion 34b replicates the mucosa.

[0105] In this regard, the first part 34a has gingival tissue color FF, gingival tissue color brightness HF, and gingival tissue opacity OF.

[0106] Part 2, 34b, has mucosal color FC, mucosal color brightness HC, and mucosal opacity OC.

[0107] The dental restoration 12 is manufactured by a dental restoration fabrication method, which will be described below.

[0108] In the first set of steps, starting materials M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6 are provided.

[0109] More specifically, in the first step S1, a first starting material M1 is provided.

[0110] In addition, in the second step S2, a second starting material M2 is provided.

[0111] In addition, in the third step S3, a third starting material M3 is provided.

[0112] Depending on the dental restoration to be made, steps S1, S2 and S3 can be performed in parallel or sequentially.

[0113] Figure 3 The first starting material M1, the second starting material M2, and the third starting material M3 are represented by circles arranged in triangles to further illustrate their properties.

[0114] In the described embodiment, the first color F1 is the same as the third color F3. The second color F2 is different from both the first color F1 and the third color F3.

[0115] In terms of color brightness, the brightness of the first color H1 is the same as that of the third color H3. The brightness of the second color H2 is different from that of the first color H1 and the third color H3.

[0116] In other words, using the Lab color model, the first starting material M1 and the third starting material have the same color.

[0117] The second starting material M2 has a different color.

[0118] For example, a first color F1 and a first color lightness H1 can be selected such that the color of the first starting material M1 corresponds to or is very close to the color "Bleached 3" in the widely used VITA tooth color matching scheme. It should be understood that, due to the fact that the first color F1 and the first color lightness H1 are defined in the Lab color model, they may not perfectly match the color "Bleached 3" in the VITA tooth color matching scheme.

[0119] The third starting material M3 therefore has the same color as the first starting material M1, that is, a color that corresponds to or is very close to the color "Bleached 3" in the VITA tooth color matching scheme.

[0120] A second color F2 and a second color lightness H2 can be selected so that the color of the second starting material M2 corresponds to or is very close to color "A3.5" in the VITA tooth color matching scheme. As mentioned earlier, it should be understood that because the second color F2 and the second color lightness H2 are defined in the Lab color model, they may not perfectly match color "A3.5" in the VITA tooth color matching scheme.

[0121] Regarding the opacities O1, O2, and O3, the first opacity O1 is the same as the second opacity O2. The third opacity O3 is different from it.

[0122] The first opacity O1 and the second opacity O2 are higher than the third opacity O3. In other words, the third starting material M3 has a higher translucency than the first starting material M1 and the second starting material M2.

[0123] Therefore, more generally speaking, the two colors selected from the first color F1, the second color F2, and the third color F3 (currently the third color F3 and the first color F1) are the same. At the same time, the two colors selected from the first color F1, the second color F2, and the third color F3 (currently the first color F1 and the second color F2 or the second color F2 and the third color F2) are different.

[0124] Furthermore, the two color values ​​selected from the first color value H1, the second color value H2, and the third color value H3 (currently, the first color value H1 and the third color value H3) are the same. Similarly, the two color values ​​selected from the first color value H1, the second color value H2, and the third color value H3 (currently, the first color value H1 and the second color value H2, or the second color value H2 and the third color value H3) are different.

[0125] Furthermore, the two opacities selected from the first opacity O1, the second opacity O2, and the third opacity O3 (currently, the first opacity O1 and the second opacity O2) are the same. Meanwhile, the two opacities selected from the first opacity O1, the second opacity O3, and the third opacity O3 (currently, the first opacity O1 and the third opacity O3, or the third opacity O3 and the second opacity O2) are different.

[0126] It is worth noting that the pairs of starting materials M1, M2, and M3 with the same color and the same color brightness are different from the pairs of starting materials M1, M2, and M3 with the same opacity. In other words, these pairs are not the same.

[0127] Additionally, in the fourth step S4, a fourth starting material M4 is provided.

[0128] In addition, in the fifth step S5, a fifth starting material M5 is provided.

[0129] Additionally, in the sixth step S6, a sixth starting material M6 is provided.

[0130] Depending on the design and structure of the dental prosthesis, steps S4, S5 and S6 can be performed in parallel or sequentially.

[0131] Furthermore, one or more steps selected from the fourth step S4, the fifth step S5, and the sixth step S6 may be performed in parallel time or sequentially in time relative to one or more steps selected from the first step S1, the second step S2, and the third step S3.

[0132] Figure 4 The fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6 are represented by circles arranged in triangles to further illustrate their properties.

[0133] In the depicted embodiment, the fifth color F5 is the same as the sixth color F6. The fourth color F4 is different from both the fifth color F5 and the sixth color F6.

[0134] In terms of color brightness, the fifth color (H5) has the same brightness as the sixth color (H6). The fourth color (H4) has a different brightness than both the fifth and sixth colors (H5 and H6).

[0135] In other words, using the Lab color model, the fifth starting material M5 and the sixth starting material M6 have the same color.

[0136] The fourth starting material, M4, has a different color.

[0137] For example, you can select the fifth color F5 and the fifth color brightness H5 so that the color of the fifth starting material M5 is burgundy.

[0138] The sixth starting material M6 therefore has the same color as the fifth starting material M5, that is, it is also burgundy.

[0139] You can select the fourth color F4 and the fourth color brightness H4 to make the color of the fourth starting material pink.

[0140] Regarding opacities O4, O5, and O6, the fourth opacity O4 is the same as the fifth opacity O5. The sixth opacity O6 is different.

[0141] Among them, the fourth opacity O4 and the fifth opacity O5 are lower than the sixth opacity O6. In other words, the sixth starting material M6 has a lower translucency than the fourth starting material M4 and the fifth starting material M5.

[0142] Therefore, more generally speaking, the two colors chosen from the fourth color F4, the fifth color F5, and the sixth color F6 (currently, the fifth color F5 and the sixth color F6) are the same. At the same time, the two colors chosen from the fourth color F4, the fifth color F5, and the sixth color F6 (currently, the fourth color F4 and the fifth color F5, or the fourth color F4 and the sixth color F6) are different.

[0143] Furthermore, the two color values ​​selected from the fourth color value H4, the fifth color value H5, and the sixth color value H6 (currently, the fifth color value H5 and the sixth color value H6) are the same. Similarly, the two color values ​​selected from the fourth color value H4, the fifth color value H5, and the sixth color value H6 (currently, the fourth color value H4 and the fifth color value H5, or the fourth color value H4 and the sixth color value H6) are different.

[0144] Furthermore, the two opacities selected from the fourth opacity O4, the fifth opacity O5, and the sixth opacity O6 (currently, the fourth opacity O4 and the fifth opacity O5) are the same. Conversely, the two opacities selected from the fourth opacity O4, the fifth opacity O5, and the sixth opacity O6 (currently, the fourth opacity O4 and the sixth opacity O6, or the fifth opacity O5 and the sixth opacity O6) are different.

[0145] It is worth noting that the pairs of starting materials M4, M5, and M6 with the same color and the same color brightness are different from the pairs of starting materials M4, M5, and M6 with the same opacity. In other words, these pairs are not the same.

[0146] The starting materials M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6 are provided by the assigned supply units 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30, respectively.

[0147] In the next step, S7, the areas of the dental restoration 12 made of the second material type are then constructed, that is, those areas of the dental restoration 12 made of the gingival replacement material. Currently, the denture base 34 constitutes such areas.

[0148] Therefore, multiple volume segments V or voxels are arranged in space.

[0149] Each volume segment V or voxel is formed from one or more materials selected from the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6.

[0150] In other words, each volume segment V may include only the fourth starting material M4, only the fifth starting material M5, or only the sixth starting material M6.

[0151] Each volume segment V may also include a blend of the fourth starting material M4 and the fifth starting material M5, a blend of the fourth starting material M4 and the sixth starting material M6, or a blend of the fifth starting material M5 and the sixth starting material M6.

[0152] Additionally, each volume segment V may include a blend of the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6.

[0153] Therefore, by appropriately mixing or providing pure forms of starting materials M4, M5, and M6, the color, hue, and opacity can be determined for each volume segment V. Areas of dental restorations made of the second material type (i.e., gingival substitute material) are not created using starting materials other than the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6.

[0154] Thus, part 34a has gingival tissue color FF, gingival tissue color brightness HF, and gingival tissue opacity OF.

[0155] Therefore, a blend of 25% fourth starting material M4, 67.5% fifth starting material M5, and 7.5% sixth starting material M6 can be used to fabricate part 34a of the denture base 34. That is, the blend has gingival tissue color FF, gingival tissue color lightness HF, and gingival tissue opacity OF.

[0156] Part 34b has mucosal color FC, mucosal color brightness HC, and mucosal opacity OC.

[0157] Therefore, a blend of 67.5% fourth starting material M4, 25% fifth starting material M5, and 7.5% sixth starting material M6 can be used to fabricate portion 34b of the denture base 34. That is, this blend has a mucosal color FC, a mucosal color lightness HC, and a mucosal opacity OC. Alternatively, the sixth starting material M6 can be used in its pure form.

[0158] Therefore, the denture base 34 is constructed using an additive manufacturing method, that is, by volume segment or by voxel.

[0159] In the subsequent eighth step S8, the areas of the dental restoration 12 made of the first material type are then constructed, that is, those areas of the dental restoration 12 made of the tooth replacement material. Currently, the replacement tooth 36 constitutes such areas.

[0160] The separate description of step S8 and step S7 is for ease of explanation. In reality, steps S7 and S8 can also be performed in parallel or alternately in time.

[0161] Therefore, multiple volume segments V or voxels are arranged in space.

[0162] Each volume segment V or voxel is formed from one or more materials selected from the first starting material M1, the second starting material M2, and the third starting material M3.

[0163] In other words, each volume segment V may include only the first starting material M1, only the second starting material M2, or only the third starting material M3.

[0164] Each volume segment V may also include a blend of the first starting material M1 and the second starting material M2, a blend of the first starting material M1 and the third starting material M3, or a blend of the second starting material M2 and the third starting material M3.

[0165] Alternatively, each volume segment V may include a blend of a first starting material M1, a second starting material M2, and a third starting material M3.

[0166] To better understand this concept, Figure 3 A total of four different blends of starting materials M1, M2, and M3 are indicated, and each blend has a different color, color brightness, and opacity.

[0167] Therefore, by appropriately mixing or providing starting materials M1, M2, and M3 in pure form, the color, hue, and opacity can be determined for each volume segment V. Areas of dental restorations made of the first material type (i.e., tooth replacement material) are not created using starting materials other than the first starting material M1, the second starting material M2, and the third starting material M3.

[0168] In this regard, a blend of 25% first starting material M1, 0% second starting material M2, and 75% third starting material M3 can be used to prepare the third part 36c of the substitute tooth 36, which replicates the incisal edge of the tooth. That is, the blend has a tooth incisal edge color FS, a tooth incisal edge color lightness HS, and a tooth incisal edge opacity OS.

[0169] Furthermore, a blend of 0% first starting material M1, 50% second starting material M2, and 50% third starting material M3 can be used to fabricate the second part 36b of the substitute tooth 36, which replicates the dentin nucleus. That is, the blend has a dentin nucleus color FK, a dentin nucleus color lightness HK, and a dentin nucleus opacity OK. This blend is particularly suitable for the dentin nucleus of posterior teeth or molars. Alternatively, for the second part 36b of the substitute tooth 36 replicating an anterior tooth, a blend of 50% first starting material M1, 0% second starting material M2, and 50% third starting material M3 is envisioned.

[0170] Furthermore, a blend of 25% first starting material M1, 50% second starting material M2, and 25% third starting material M3 can be used to prepare the first part 36a of the substitute tooth 36, which replicates the tooth neck. That is, the blend has a tooth neck color FH, a tooth neck color lightness HH, and a tooth neck opacity OH.

[0171] Thus, part of 36a is assigned a neck color FH, a neck color brightness HH, and a neck opacity OH.

[0172] Part 2, 36b, is assigned dentin nucleus color FK, dentin nucleus color brightness HK, and dentin nucleus opacity OK.

[0173] Part 36c is assigned tooth incisal edge color FS, tooth incisal edge color brightness HS, and tooth incisal edge opacity OS.

[0174] Therefore, the construction of replacement tooth 36 was carried out in an additive manner, that is, by volume segment or by voxel.

[0175] This method is implemented via device 10. Therefore, it should be understood that the construction space 18 is designed to construct an area of ​​a dental restoration 12 made of a first material type (i.e., a tooth replacement material) by arranging multiple volume segments V in space. Furthermore, the construction space 18 is designed to construct an area of ​​a dental restoration 12 made of a second material type (i.e., a gingival replacement material) by arranging multiple volume segments V in space.

[0176] In summary, in the exemplary embodiments depicted, the area of ​​the dental restoration 12 made of the first material type, currently the replacement tooth 36, is fabricated using only the first starting material M1, the second starting material M2, and the third starting material M3 of the first material type. No other starting materials are used to fabricate the area of ​​the dental restoration 12 made of the first material type.

[0177] Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment depicted, only the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6 of the second material type are used to fabricate the area of ​​the dental restoration 12 made of the second material type, which is currently the denture base 34. No other starting materials are used to fabricate the area of ​​the dental restoration 12 made of the second material type.

[0178] List of icon numbers

Claims

1. A method for fabricating a dental prosthesis (12) from at least one material of a first material type, wherein the dental prosthesis (12) made from the material of the first material type has at least two portions (36a, 36b, 36c) of different colors and at least two portions (36a, 36b, 36c) of different color lightness, the method comprising: A first starting material (M1) of the first material type is provided, wherein the first starting material (M1) has a first color (F1), a first color lightness (H1), and a first opacity (O1) (S1). Provide a second starting material (M2) of the first material type, wherein the second starting material (M2) has a second color (F2), a second color lightness (H2), and a second opacity (O2) (S2), and The region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the first material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments (V) in space, wherein each volume segment (V) is formed by only one or more materials selected from the first starting material (M1) and the second starting material (M2).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the first material type further comprises at least two portions (36a, 36b, 36c) having different opacities, and wherein the method further comprises: A third starting material (M3) of the first material type is provided, wherein the third starting material (M3) has a third color (F3), a third color lightness (H3), and a third opacity (O3) (S3). The region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the first material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments (V) in space, wherein each volume segment (V) is formed by only one or more materials selected from the first starting material (M1), the second starting material (M2) and the third starting material (M3) (S8).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the two colors selected from the first color (F1), the second color (F2), and the third color (F3) are the same, and / or wherein the two colors selected from the first color (F1), the second color (F2), and the third color (F3) are different.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the two color values ​​selected from the first color value (H1), the second color value (H2), and the third color value (H3) are the same, and / or wherein the two color values ​​selected from the first color value (H1), the second color value (H2), and the third color value (H3) are different.

5. The method of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the two opacities selected from the first opacity (O1), the second opacity (O2), and the third opacity (O3) are the same, and / or wherein the two opacities selected from the first opacity (O1), the second opacity (O2), and the third opacity (O3) are different.

6. The method as described in claims 3, 4, and 5, The first color (F1) is different from the second color (F2). The third color (F3) is the same as the first color (F1). The first color lightness (H1) is different from the second color lightness (H2). The third color lightness (H3) is the same as the first color lightness (H1). Wherein the first opacity (O1) is the same as the second opacity (O2), and The first opacity (O1) is different from the third opacity (O3).

7. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the dental prosthesis (12) further comprises a material of a second material type, wherein regions of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the second material type have at least two portions (34a, 34b) of different colors and at least two portions (34a, 34b) of different color lightness, the method further comprising: A fourth starting material (M4) of the second material type is provided, wherein the fourth starting material (M4) has a fourth color (F4), a fourth color lightness (H4), and a fourth opacity (O4) (S4). A fifth starting material (M5) of the second material type is provided, wherein the fifth starting material (M5) has a fifth color (F5), a fifth color lightness (H5), and a fifth opacity (O5) (S5). The region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the second material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments (V) in space, wherein each volume segment (V) is formed only by one or more materials selected from the fourth starting material (M4) and the fifth starting material (M5).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the second material type further comprises at least two portions (34a, 34b) having different opacities, the method further comprising: A sixth starting material (M6) of the second material type is provided, wherein the sixth starting material (M6) has a sixth color (F6), a sixth color lightness (H6), and a sixth opacity (O6) (S6). The region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the second material type is constructed by arranging multiple volume segments (V) in space, wherein each volume segment (V) is formed by only one or more materials selected from the fourth starting material (M4), the fifth starting material (M5) and the sixth starting material (M6) (S7).

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the two colors selected from the fourth color (F4), the fifth color (F5), and the sixth color (F6) are the same, and / or wherein the two colors selected from the fourth color (F4), the fifth color (F5), and the sixth color (F6) are different.

10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein two color values ​​selected from the fourth color value (H4), the fifth color value (H5), and the sixth color value (H6) are the same, and / or wherein two color values ​​selected from the fourth color value (H4), the fifth color value (H5), and the sixth color value (H6) are different.

11. The method of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein two opacities selected from the fourth opacity (O4), the fifth opacity (O5), and the sixth opacity (O6) are the same, and / or wherein two opacities selected from the fourth opacity (O4), the fifth opacity (O5), and the sixth opacity (O6) are different.

12. The method as described in claims 9, 10, and 11, The fourth color (F4) is different from the fifth color (F5). The sixth color (F6) is the same as the fifth color (F5). The fourth color lightness (H4) is different from the fifth color lightness (H5). The sixth color lightness (H6) is the same as the fifth color lightness (H5). The fourth opacity (O4) is the same as the fifth opacity (O5), and The fourth opacity (O4) is different from the sixth opacity (O6).

13. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the material of the first material type is a tooth replacement material, and wherein the material of the second material type is a gingival replacement material, or The material of the first material type is a gingival replacement material, and the material of the second material type is a tooth replacement material.

14. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, In the Lab color model, the first color (F1) is defined by the a and b values, and the lightness (H1) of the first color is defined by the L value, and / or In the Lab color model, the second color (F2) is defined by the a and b values, and the lightness (H2) of the second color is defined by the L value, and / or In the Lab color model, the third color (F3) is defined by the a and b values, and the lightness (H3) of the third color is defined by the L value, and / or In the Lab color model, the fourth color (F4) is defined by a and b values, and the lightness (H4) of the fourth color is defined by an L value, and / or In the Lab color model, the fifth color (F5) is defined by a and b values, and the lightness (H5) of the fifth color is defined by an L value, and / or In the Lab color model, the sixth color (F6) is defined by a and b values, and the lightness (H6) of the sixth color is defined by L values.

15. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the first material type is constructed additively, and / or wherein the region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the second material type is constructed additively.

16. An apparatus (10) for fabricating a dental prosthesis (12) from at least one material of a first material type, said apparatus comprising: A first supply unit (20) is configured to provide a first starting material (M1) of the first material type, wherein the first starting material (M1) has a first color (F1), a first color brightness (H1), and a first opacity (O1). The second supply unit (22) is used to provide a second starting material (M2) of the first material type, wherein the second starting material (M2) has a second color (F2), a second color brightness (H2), and a second opacity (O2), and A construction space (18) is constructed for constructing at least one region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the first material type by arranging a plurality of volume segments (V) in the space, wherein each volume segment (V) is formed only by one or more materials selected from the first starting material (M1) and the second starting material (M2).

17. The apparatus (10) of claim 16, further comprising a third supply unit (24) for providing a third starting material (M3) of the first material type, wherein the third starting material (M3) has a third color (F3), a third color lightness (H3) and a third opacity (O3), wherein the construction space (18) is designed to construct at least one region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the first material type by arranging a plurality of volume segments (V) in space, wherein each volume segment (V) is formed only by one or more materials selected from the first starting material (M1), the second starting material (M2) and the third starting material (M3).

18. The device (10) of claim 16 or 17, wherein the device (10) is further designed for fabricating a dental restoration (12) comprising a material of a second material type, the device comprising: A fourth supply unit (26) is configured to provide a fourth starting material (M4) of the second material type, wherein the fourth starting material (M4) has a fourth color (F4), a fourth color brightness (H4), and a fourth opacity (O4). The fifth supply unit (28) is used to provide a fifth starting material (M5) of the second material type, wherein the fifth starting material (M5) has a fifth color (F5), a fifth color brightness (H5), and a fifth opacity (O5). The construction space (18) is designed to construct at least one region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the second material type by arranging a plurality of volume segments (V) in space, and wherein each volume segment (V) is formed only by one or more materials selected from the fourth starting material (M4) and the fifth starting material (M5).

19. The apparatus (10) of claim 18, further comprising a sixth supply unit (30) for providing a sixth starting material (M6) of the second material type, wherein the sixth starting material (M6) has a sixth color (F6), a sixth color lightness (H6), and a sixth opacity (O6), wherein the construction space (18) is designed to construct at least one region of the dental prosthesis (12) made of the material of the second material type by arranging a plurality of volume segments (V) in space, and wherein each volume segment (V) is formed only by one or more materials selected from the fourth starting material (M4), the fifth starting material (M5), and the sixth starting material (M6).

20. Use of a first starting material (M1) of a first material type and a second starting material (M2) of the first material type to make at least one region of a dental restoration (12) made of a material of the first material type, wherein the region has at least two portions of different colors and at least two portions of different color lightness.

21. The use as claimed in claim 20, wherein the region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the first material type is made using only the first starting material (M1), the second starting material (M2) of the first material type and the third starting material (M3) of the first material type, wherein the region has at least two portions with different colors, at least two portions with different color lightness and at least two portions with different opacities.

Images