Blade-replaceable precision cutter replacing honing with reaming

Abstract

The invention relates to a blade-replaceable precision cutter with reaming instead of honing, which comprises a cutter head, at least one blade group is arranged on the circumference of the cutter head, and the blade group comprises a reaming blade and at least one honing blade which are sequentially arranged along the cutting direction of the cutter; the reamer blade and the honing blades are detachably installed on the cutter head, and each honing blade is provided with an independent adjusting mechanism which is used for independently adjusting the radial position of the honing blade. Reaming and multi-stage honing are combined in one cutter, special honing equipment is not needed, the diameter of each set of blades is independently controlled, one cutter achieves the machining effect which can be achieved by multiple cutters originally, and the use cost of the cutter is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool technology, and in particular to a precision cutting tool with replaceable inserts and a reamer instead of a honing tool. Background Technology

[0002] Precision hole machining is a key process in the mechanical manufacturing industry, especially in the manufacture of components such as hydraulic valve bodies, engine cylinder blocks, and precision bearings, where extremely high requirements are placed on the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, and surface quality of the holes. Currently, the industry mainly uses two machining methods: traditional honing and honing / reaming.

[0003] Traditional honing processes require specialized honing equipment, which achieves precision machining through the reciprocating and rotary motion of the honing head within the hole. This process has drawbacks such as high initial equipment investment, low processing efficiency requiring multiple low-speed reciprocating cycles, and unsuitability for blind hole machining because the tool must pass through the hole being machined.

[0004] Honing combines reaming and honing, allowing for direct use in machining centers without specialized equipment. However, existing honing tools suffer from drawbacks such as high manufacturing costs due to direct diamond abrasive plating on the tool body, the need for 3-4 tools to achieve roughing to finishing, and unsuitability for machining large-diameter holes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of precision tool that can guarantee machining accuracy while reducing operating costs and improving machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a precision tool with replaceable inserts that replaces honing with reaming. It combines reaming and multi-stage honing into one tool, eliminating the need for dedicated honing equipment. Furthermore, the diameter of each set of inserts can be controlled independently, and one tool can achieve the machining effect that originally required multiple tools, thereby reducing the cost of tool use.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a replaceable-blade precision cutting tool that uses a reamer instead of a honing tool, comprising a tool disc. At least one blade group is arranged on the circumference of the cutter head, and the blade group includes a reaming blade and at least one honing blade arranged sequentially along the cutting direction of the tool. The reamer and each honing blade are detachably mounted on the cutter head, and each honing blade is equipped with an independent adjustment mechanism for independently adjusting the radial position of the honing blade.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting rod and a tool holder, wherein the cutter head is detachably connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is detachably connected to the tool holder.

[0008] Furthermore, the connecting rod is provided with a torque transmission component for transmitting the torque of the machine tool spindle to the tool head.

[0009] Furthermore, the cutter head and the connecting rod are positioned by a precise fit between the positioning hole and the positioning shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the blade assembly includes N honing blades, where N≥2, and the diameter of each honing blade increases sequentially along the cutting direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the N honing inserts include coarse honing inserts, semi-fine honing inserts, and fine honing inserts.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a wedge and an adjustment drive. One end of the adjustment drive is threadedly connected to the wedge, and the other end passes through an adjustment hole on the cutter head. The wedge is threadedly engaged with the adjustment drive to receive rotational motion and convert it into horizontal linear displacement of the wedge. The wedge is provided with a tapered inclined surface for sliding engagement with the bearing surface of the honing blade to convert the horizontal linear displacement into vertical displacement of the blade.

[0013] Furthermore, the wedge block is provided with a through hole, and the honing blade is provided with a mounting hole, the inner diameter of which is larger than that of the mounting hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the cutter head, connecting rod, and tool holder are all replaceable structures, each adapted to different machining diameters, part lengths, and spindle interface types.

[0015] Furthermore, the reaming insert is a cemented carbide insert, and the honing insert is an electroplated diamond insert or a cubic boron nitride insert.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention discloses a precision tool with replaceable inserts that uses reaming instead of honing. It can be used directly on existing machining centers without the need for dedicated honing equipment, reducing equipment investment. It completes machining in a single stroke, improving machining efficiency and is suitable for through holes and blind holes. The replaceable insert structure allows for quick insert replacement, and the size can be compensated by adjustment mechanism after wear, reducing operating costs. Through the 1+N layout and independent control of the diameter of each honing insert, machining that traditionally requires multiple tools is combined into one tool, further reducing the number of tools and improving machining efficiency. At the same time, the replaceable tool head structure expands the machining range to large-diameter holes, making it highly versatile. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the interchangeable blade type precision tool that uses a reamer instead of a honing tool according to the present invention. Figure 2for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposed structure; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the blade assembly on the cutter head according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the blade assembly of the present invention on the cutter head; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the honing blade and adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the honing blade and adjustment mechanism of the present invention from another angle. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod of the present invention; In the diagram: 100, cutter head; 10a, reamer mounting position; 10b, honing insert mounting position; 101, reamer insert; 102, rough honing insert; 1021, mounting hole; 103, semi-finish honing insert; 104, finish honing insert; 105, adjusting hole; 171, positioning hole; 172, positioning shaft; 200, connecting rod; 201, torque transmission component; 300, tool holder; 110, first fastener; 130, wedge; 1301, through hole; 140, adjusting drive component; 150, fourth fastener; 160, third fastener; 400, second fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Reference Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention discloses a precision cutting tool with replaceable blades and reaming instead of honing, comprising a cutting head 100, wherein at least one blade group is arranged on the circumference of the cutting head 100, the blade group comprising a reaming blade 101 and at least one honing blade arranged sequentially along the cutting direction of the tool; the reaming blade 101 and each honing blade are respectively detachably mounted on the cutting head 100, and each honing blade is equipped with an independent adjustment mechanism for independently adjusting the radial position of the honing blade.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting rod 200 and a tool holder 300. The cutter head 100 is detachably connected to the connecting rod 200, and the connecting rod 200 is detachably connected to the tool holder 300. The modular structure allows the cutter head 100, connecting rod 200, and tool holder 300 to be replaced independently, adapting to different machining diameters, part lengths, and machine tool interfaces, expanding the application range of the cutting tools, and reducing supporting costs.

[0021] The cutter head 100 is evenly connected to the connecting rod 200 by a plurality of first fasteners 110, and the connecting rod 200 is connected to the cutter holder 300 by a plurality of second fasteners 400. Preferably, the first fasteners 110 and the second fasteners 400 are screws.

[0022] In this embodiment, the connecting rod 200 is equipped with a torque transmission element 201 for transmitting the torque of the machine tool spindle to the cutter head 100. Multiple torque transmission elements 201 are provided on the connecting rod 200. The form of the torque transmission element 201 can be pins or keys, depending on the diameter of the cutter head 100. The torque from the machine tool spindle is transmitted to the cutter head 100 through the torque transmission element 201. Reliable power transmission is achieved through the torque transmission element 201, ensuring that the reaming insert 101, rough honing insert 102, semi-finish honing insert 103, and finish honing insert 104 receive sufficient cutting force, thus ensuring machining stability. The cutter head 100 and the connecting rod 200 are positioned through a precise fit between the positioning hole 171 and the positioning shaft 172. This precise positioning ensures the coaxiality and positional accuracy of the cutter head 100 and the connecting rod 200, guaranteeing the shape and dimensional accuracy of the machined hole.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the cutter head 100 is provided with a positioning hole 171. The specific form can be a tapered hole or a cylindrical hole depending on the precision of the workpiece being machined. The front end of the connecting rod 200 has a positioning shaft 172. The form can be an external short tapered shaft or a cylindrical shaft depending on the precision of the workpiece being machined. The positioning hole 171 and the positioning shaft 172 are matched with precise tolerances to achieve a high-precision positioning connection.

[0024] In this embodiment, the blade assembly includes N honing blades, where N ≥ 2, and the diameter of each honing blade increases sequentially along the cutting direction. This multi-stage diameter-increasing arrangement enables progressive honing from rough honing to semi-finish honing to finish honing, completing multiple processes in a single stroke, significantly improving processing efficiency and ensuring processing quality.

[0025] Specifically, the N honing inserts include a rough honing insert 102, a semi-finish honing insert 103, and a finish honing insert 104. The basic principle is to arrange the inserts clockwise after one reamer insert 101, and counter-clockwise if the cutting direction is not right. The number of N inserts is determined by the requirements of the workpiece; the diagram shows three inserts. The above 1+N form constitutes a group. The total number of insert groups arranged on the circumference of the cutter head 100 is determined based on the hole diameter of the workpiece and the required machining cycle time. This design combines the machining process that traditionally requires four tools (reamer, rough honing, semi-finish honing, and finish honing) into a single tool, significantly reducing the number of tools, tool change time, and equipment investment.

[0026] In this embodiment, three sets of cutting blades are evenly arranged on the circumference of the cutter head 100. The even distribution of multiple sets of cutting blades balances the cutting force and improves machining stability; at the same time, it increases the number of cutting edges participating in cutting simultaneously, further improving machining efficiency.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the reamer insert 101 is connected to the cutter head 100 via a third fastener 160. The reamer insert 101 is made of various materials depending on the material of the workpiece, commonly including cermet and cemented carbide. The surfaces of the rough honing insert 102, semi-finish honing insert 103, and finish honing insert 104 are coated with diamond abrasive grains, and these cutter inserts are fixed to the cutter head 100 via a fourth fastener 150. The third fastener 160 and the fourth fastener 150 are screws.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer circumference of the cutter head 100 is uniformly arranged with multiple blade mounting slots along the circumferential direction. The figure shows four groups of mounting slots. Each group of mounting slots includes a reamer mounting position 10a and a honing blade mounting position 10b. The reamer mounting position 10a is used to install the reamer 101 and is located at the foremost position in the cutting direction. The honing blade mounting position 10b is used to install the rough honing blade 102, the semi-finish honing blade 103, and the finish honing blade 104, which are arranged sequentially after the reamer 101 along the cutting direction.

[0029] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, three blade sets are installed on the outer circumference of the cutter head 100; a central positioning hole 171 is provided at the center of the cutter head 100. The central positioning hole 171 is in the form of a cylindrical hole or a conical hole, which is precisely matched with the positioning shaft 172 at the front end of the connecting rod 200 to achieve high-precision positioning. The front end of the connecting rod 200 is provided with the positioning shaft 172, and several through holes 173 are provided around the positioning shaft 172. The through holes 173 are used to limit the torque transmission component 201.

[0030] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown in Figure 9, the adjustment mechanism includes a wedge 130 and an adjustment drive 140. One end of the adjustment drive 140 is threadedly connected to the wedge 130, and the other end passes through the adjustment hole 105 on the cutter head 100. The wedge 130 is threadedly engaged with the adjustment drive 140 to receive rotational motion and convert it into horizontal linear displacement of the wedge 130. The wedge 130 is provided with a tapered inclined surface for sliding engagement with the bearing surface of the honing blade to convert the horizontal linear displacement into the vertical displacement of the blade.

[0031] Furthermore, the wedge 130 is provided with a through hole 1303, and the honing blade is provided with a mounting hole 1021. The inner diameter of the through hole 1303 is larger than that of the mounting hole 1021. The fourth fastener 150 passes through the mounting hole 1021 and the through hole 1303 in sequence and is connected to the cutter head 100. During the horizontal movement of the wedge 130, the fourth fastener 150 moves relative to the through hole 1303 to maintain the fixed constraint on the honing blade, while not interfering with the horizontal displacement of the wedge 130. In this embodiment, the axially moving wedge 130 causes the corresponding honing blade to be pushed out or retracted. The wedge 130 can precisely control the radial position of each honing blade, achieving precise diameter adjustment. After wear, the size can be compensated, extending the blade's service life. At the same time, it reduces the manufacturing precision requirements of the blade groove of the cutter head 100, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0032] Specifically, below the coarse honing blade 102, semi-finish honing blade 103, and finish honing blade 104, there is an angled wedge 130 that is in close contact with its bottom surface. The wedge 130 has a right-hand threaded hole inside, while the cutter head 100 has a corresponding left-hand threaded hole, connected by an adjusting drive component 140. When the adjusting drive component 140 is rotated, the wedge 130 will undergo horizontal displacement due to the combined action of the left and right threads, thereby pushing the honing blades out or lowering them, achieving the diameter adjustment function for the coarse honing blade 102, semi-finish honing blade 103, and finish honing blade 104. In this embodiment, the adjusting drive component 140 is a double-ended screw.

[0033] The wedge block 130 allows for precise control of the diameters of the rough honing insert 102, semi-finish honing insert 103, and finish honing insert 104. For example, if the finish honing insert 104 is the final machining diameter, adjusting the diameter of the semi-finish honing insert 103 to be smaller than a certain value, and adjusting the diameter of the rough honing insert 102 to be smaller than a certain value, allows for the arrangement of multiple diameters on a single cutter head 100, thus combining reaming, rough honing, semi-finish honing, and finish honing into a single tool. Furthermore, when the inserts wear down after a period of use, the adjustment mechanism can compensate for the dimensional changes, eliminating the need to replace the inserts and reducing operating costs. This adjustment mechanism also lowers the manufacturing precision requirements of the insert grooves on the cutter head 100, indirectly reducing manufacturing costs. When the reaming insert 101 and the rough honing insert 102, semi-finish honing insert 103, and finish honing insert 104 wear down to unusable conditions, the inserts can be directly replaced quickly and conveniently, resulting in extremely low operating costs.

[0034] In this embodiment, the cutter head 100, connecting rod 200, and tool holder 300 are all replaceable structures, each adaptable to different machining diameters, part lengths, and spindle interface types. The cutter head 100 can be replaced with cutter heads of different diameters to suit different machining diameters; the intermediate connecting rod 200 can be replaced with connecting rods of different lengths to suit different part lengths; and the adjusting tool holder 300, which connects to the machining center spindle, comes in various forms depending on the machining center spindle interface type and specifications.

[0035] Preferably, the reamer insert 101 is a carbide insert, and the coarse honing insert 102, semi-finish honing insert 103, and finish honing insert 104 are electroplated diamond inserts or cubic boron nitride inserts. The carbide reamer insert 101 ensures efficient cutting and hole wall quality; the electroplated diamond or cubic boron nitride honing inserts have excellent wear resistance and grinding performance, improving machining accuracy and surface quality, and extending tool life.

[0036] In practical use, a precision tool with replaceable inserts and reamer is installed on the machining center spindle and connected to the machine tool spindle via the tool holder 300. The torque transmission component 201 on the connecting rod 200 transmits the spindle torque to the tool disc 100, driving the tool disc 100 to rotate.

[0037] During machining, the cutting inserts on the cutter head 100 participate in machining sequentially in a right-handed manner along the cutting direction of the tool: the reamer 101 first reams the workpiece hole to establish the basic hole diameter and shape accuracy; then the rough honing insert 102, the semi-finish honing insert 103, and the finish honing insert 104 hone the hole wall in sequence. Through the arrangement of progressively increasing diameters, the machining from rough to fine is achieved. A single stroke can complete the reaming and three-stage honing to achieve the final dimensional accuracy and surface quality requirements.

[0038] The coarse honing insert 102, semi-finish honing insert 103, and finish honing insert 104 are controlled by an independent wedge-type adjustment mechanism to achieve precise diameter adjustment: the diameter of the coarse honing insert 102 is smaller than that of the semi-finish honing insert 103, and the diameter of the semi-finish honing insert 103 is smaller than that of the finish honing insert 104, forming a reasonable machining allowance distribution; when the inserts are worn, the dimensions can be compensated by the adjustment mechanism without replacing the inserts.

[0039] The cutter head 100 and the connecting rod 200 achieve high-precision positioning through the precise cooperation of the positioning hole 171 and the positioning shaft 172, ensuring the coaxiality of the cutting tool set and the machine tool spindle. According to the hole diameter of the workpiece and the processing cycle requirements, multiple cutting tool sets can be arranged on the circumference of the cutter head 100 to improve processing efficiency.

[0040] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A precision cutting tool with replaceable inserts and a reamer, comprising a tool disc, characterized in that, At least one blade group is arranged on the circumference of the cutter head, and the blade group includes a reaming blade and at least one honing blade arranged sequentially along the cutting direction of the tool. The reamer and each honing blade are detachably mounted on the cutter head, and each honing blade is equipped with an independent adjustment mechanism for independently adjusting the radial position of the honing blade.

2. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting rod and a tool holder, wherein the cutter head is detachably connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is detachably connected to the tool holder.

3. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting rod is equipped with a torque transmission component for transmitting the torque of the machine tool spindle to the tool head.

4. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cutter head and the connecting rod are positioned by a precise fit between the positioning hole and the positioning shaft.

5. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade assembly includes N honing blades, where N ≥ 2, and the diameter of each honing blade increases sequentially along the cutting direction.

6. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The N honing inserts include coarse honing inserts, semi-fine honing inserts, and fine honing inserts.

7. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism consists of a wedge and an adjustment drive. One end of the adjustment drive is threadedly connected to the wedge, and the other end passes through the adjustment hole on the cutter head. The wedge is threadedly engaged with the adjustment drive to receive rotational motion and convert it into horizontal linear displacement of the wedge. The wedge has a tapered inclined surface for sliding engagement with the bearing surface of the honing blade to convert the horizontal linear displacement into vertical displacement of the blade.

8. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The wedge has a through hole, and the honing blade has a mounting hole. The inner diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the mounting hole.

9. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cutter head, connecting rod, and tool holder are all replaceable structures, each adapted to different machining diameters, part lengths, and spindle interface types.

10. The interchangeable-blade precision cutting tool with reaming instead of honing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaming insert is a cemented carbide insert, and the honing insert is an electroplated diamond insert or a cubic boron nitride insert.

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