Modularized structure of reconfigurable multi-axis cutter for aviation thin-wall variable-feature component

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cutters, in particular to a modular structure of a reconfigurable multi-axis cutter for an aviation thin-wall variable-feature component, which comprises a cutter handle module, a reconfigurable module, a connection positioning module, a vibration reduction module, a cutter connector and a cutter replacement module, the tool is disassembled into the tool handle module, the reconfigurable module, the connection positioning module, the vibration reduction module, the tool connector and the tool replacement module, the tool module can be rapidly replaced according to machining characteristics, overall tool replacement is not needed, and the problem that the tool is poor in universality is solved; through the combined structure of the damping mandrel, the damping spring and the damping sleeve, vibration energy generated in the cutting process is dissipated, tool fluttering and workpiece deformation are restrained, and the precision and surface quality problems caused by machining vibration are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool technology, specifically a modular structure for a reconfigurable multi-axis cutting tool for aerospace thin-walled variable feature components. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-walled variable feature components are core components of aviation equipment, including but not limited to aero-engine blades, fuselage frames, and honeycomb structural components. These components are characterized by uneven wall thickness, diverse features, and stringent structural strength requirements. In addition, their dimensional tolerances are typically ≤0.01mm and their geometric tolerances are typically ≤0.02mm. Furthermore, they are often made of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys.

[0003] Currently, most existing cutting tools have an integrated structure, resulting in poor versatility. When machining thin-walled variable feature components for aerospace applications, different types of tool holders and cutting tools need to be replaced. Frequent tool changes increase the proportion of machining auxiliary time, severely reducing machining efficiency. At the same time, after replacing the tool holders and cutting tools, installation errors lead to inaccurate machining accuracy, making it difficult to adapt to the machining requirements of "multi-feature and variable working conditions" of thin-walled variable feature components for aerospace applications, and lacking flexible machining adaptability. In addition, existing cutting tools lack vibration damping structures when machining thin-walled variable feature components for aerospace applications. Since thin-walled variable feature components for aerospace applications have extremely poor rigidity, they are prone to deformation due to vibration during machining, resulting in excessive surface roughness of the components, which in turn increases the scrap rate of workpieces and increases production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a modular structure for a reconfigurable multi-axis cutting tool for thin-walled variable feature components in aerospace applications. By disassembling the tool into a tool holder module, a reconfigurable module, a connection and positioning module, a vibration damping module, a tool connector, and a tool replacement module, the tool module can be quickly replaced according to the machining characteristics without requiring a complete tool change, thus solving the problem of poor tool versatility. The vibration damping module is integrated within the reconfigurable module. Through a combination of a vibration damping mandrel, a vibration damping spring, and a damping sleeve, the vibration energy generated during cutting is dissipated, suppressing tool chatter and workpiece deformation, thereby solving the accuracy and surface quality problems caused by machining vibration.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a modular structure of a reconfigurable multi-axis tool for thin-walled variable feature components in aerospace, including a tool holder module, a reconfigurable module, a connection and positioning module, a vibration damping module, a tool connector, and a tool replacement module. The tool holder module is used to be adapted and connected to the spindle of a multi-axis machining center. The lower end of the tool holder module is detachably connected to the reconfigurable module through the connection and positioning module. The reconfigurable module is provided with a vibration damping module for buffering vibrations during machining. The tool connector is fixedly provided on the lower inner side of the reconfigurable module. The tool replacement module is installed on the lower outer side of the reconfigurable module for replacing different types and sizes of tools according to machining characteristics.

[0006] Preferably, the tool holder module includes a tool holder body adapted to the spindle of a multi-axis machining center. The tool holder body adopts a tapered design and has a threaded connection hole at its upper end. A cooling channel is provided through the tool holder body along its axial direction and extends to the lower end face of the tool holder body. A mounting slot is fixedly connected to the lower end of the tool holder body, and the opening of the mounting slot faces downward.

[0007] Preferably, the reconfigurable module includes a docking plate that is connected to the mounting slot. A positioning sleeve is abutted at the middle of the upper end of the docking plate. A spindle body is fixedly installed at the lower end of the docking plate. A cooling cavity is opened near the upper end inside the spindle body. A vibration damping cavity is opened below the cooling cavity. An annular partition is fixedly installed between the cooling cavity and the vibration damping cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the upper end of the cooling chamber is connected to the lower end of the positioning sleeve, and the upper end of the positioning sleeve is connected to the lower end of the cooling channel.

[0009] Preferably, the spindle body has cooling cavities evenly distributed along its circumference inside the side wall, the upper end of the cooling cavities is connected to the interior of the cooling chamber, and the lower end of the cooling cavities extends to the lower end face of the spindle body and is fixedly installed with cooling nozzles.

[0010] Preferably, the vibration damping module includes a vibration damping mandrel coaxially arranged with the vibration damping cavity. A shaft end baffle is fixedly provided at the lower end of the vibration damping mandrel. The shaft end baffle slides in cooperation with the side wall of the vibration damping cavity. A vibration damping spring is sleeved on the outside of the vibration damping mandrel. The upper end of the vibration damping spring abuts against an annular partition. A damping sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the vibration damping spring. The side wall of the damping sleeve fits against the side wall of the vibration damping cavity.

[0011] Preferably, a sealing sleeve is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the vibration damping mandrel, the outer wall of the sealing sleeve and the inner wall of the annular partition slide in fit, and the lower end of the shaft end baffle abuts against the upper end of the tool connector.

[0012] Preferably, a straight-bladed end mill is screwed to the lower end of the tool connector.

[0013] Preferably, the tool replacement module includes a support plate fixedly installed on the lower outer side of the positioning sleeve. Circular through holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the support plate. An inverted tool protection cylinder is fixedly installed at the upper end of the circular through holes. An L-shaped rod is slidably installed at the upper end of the tool protection cylinder. A universal mounting head is fixedly installed at the lower end of the L-shaped rod. A crossbar is fixedly installed at the upper end of the L-shaped rod. A linkage plate is fixedly installed in the middle of the L-shaped rod. A compression spring is sleeved on the upper end of the linkage plate. The upper end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the top of the tool protection cylinder. A chip removal unit is slidably installed on the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, an annular barrier is fixedly provided at the lower end of the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder, and the inner ring of the upper end of the annular barrier is inclined downward to facilitate the falling off of debris. A limit hole is provided at the upper end of the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, the descaling unit includes a metal traction rope fixedly connected to the upper end of the linkage disc, the end of the metal traction rope passing through the limiting hole and fixedly connected to a cleaning cylinder, metal brush filaments being evenly arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning cylinder, and a reset spring being sleeved on the metal traction rope between the upper end of the cleaning cylinder and the lower end of the limiting hole.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention, through modular disassembly and reconfigurable design, allows for rapid tool replacement based on the different characteristics of aerospace thin-walled components. Tool replacement can be performed without overall disassembly, significantly reducing machining auxiliary time and improving machining efficiency. At the same time, it avoids the time loss and increased labor costs caused by frequent tool changes, and adapts to the machining requirements of aerospace thin-walled variable feature components with "multiple features and variable working conditions". 2. The vibration reduction module of this invention effectively dissipates vibration energy during the cutting process through an elastic damping composite structure, suppresses tool chatter and workpiece deformation, and controls the dimensional tolerance of the machined component within 0.01mm, reducing the surface roughness to Ra≤0.8μm, meeting the high precision and high surface quality requirements of aerospace components, and reducing the workpiece scrap rate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 In this invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after removing the tool replacement module; Figure 3 In this invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after removing the handle body; Figure 4 In this invention Figure 3 A cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool replacement module in this invention; Figure 6 In this invention Figure 5 Another perspective of the three-dimensional structure diagram; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the interior of a single cutter protection cylinder in this invention; Figure 8 In this invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the irregular rod, universal mounting head, crossbar, and chip removal unit in this invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Tool holder module; 11. Tool holder body; 12. Cooling channel; 13. Mounting slot; 2. Reconfigurable module; 21. Connecting plate; 22. Positioning sleeve; 23. Spindle body; 231. Cooling cavity; 232. Cooling nozzle; 24. Cooling chamber; 25. Vibration damping chamber; 26. Annular baffle; 3. Connecting positioning module; 31. Connecting bolt; 32. Connecting nut; 4. Vibration damping module; 41. Vibration damping spindle; 42. Shaft end baffle; 43. Vibration damping spring; 44. Damping sleeve; 5. Tool connector; 51. Straight-blade end mill head; 6. Tool replacement module; 61. Support plate; 62. Tool protection cylinder; 621. Circular barrier; 622. Limiting hole; 63. Irregular rod; 64. Universal mounting head; 65. Crossbar; 66. Linkage plate; 67. Compression spring; 68. Chip removal unit; 681. Metal traction rope; 682. Cleaning cylinder; 683. Return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the accompanying drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a modular structure for a reconfigurable multi-axis cutting tool for thin-walled variable feature components in aerospace applications includes a tool holder module 1, a reconfigurable module 2, a connection and positioning module 3, a vibration damping module 4, a tool connector 5, and a tool replacement module 6. The tool holder module 1 is used to be adapted and connected to the spindle of a multi-axis machining center. The lower end of the tool holder module 1 is detachably connected to the reconfigurable module 2 through the connection and positioning module 3. The reconfigurable module 2 is equipped with a vibration damping module 4 for buffering vibrations during machining. The tool connector 5 is fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the reconfigurable module 2.

[0022] The tool holder module 1 includes a tool holder body 11 adapted to the spindle of a multi-axis machining center. The tool holder body 11 adopts a tapered design and has a threaded connection hole at its upper end. The cooling channel 12 is arranged through the tool holder body 11 along the axial direction and extends to the lower end face of the tool holder body 11. The lower end of the tool holder body 11 is fixedly connected to the mounting slot 13, and the opening of the mounting slot 13 faces downward.

[0023] The reconfigurable module 2 includes a docking plate 21 that is connected to the mounting slot 13. A positioning sleeve 22 is abutted at the middle of the upper end of the docking plate 21. A spindle body 23 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the docking plate 21. A cooling cavity 24 is opened inside the spindle body 23 near the upper end. A vibration damping cavity 25 is opened below the cooling cavity 24. An annular partition 26 is fixedly arranged between the cooling cavity 24 and the vibration damping cavity 25.

[0024] The upper end of the cooling cavity 24 is connected to the lower end of the positioning sleeve 22, and the upper end of the positioning sleeve 22 is connected to the lower end of the cooling channel 12.

[0025] The spindle body 23 has cooling cavities 231 evenly distributed along its circumference inside the side wall. The upper end of the cooling cavities 231 is connected to the interior of the cooling chamber 24. The lower end of the cooling cavities 231 extends to the lower end face of the spindle body 23 and is fixedly installed with a cooling nozzle 232.

[0026] The connection positioning module 3 includes a connecting bolt 31 for fixing the mounting tray 13 and the docking tray 21, and the lower end of the connecting bolt 31 is locked by a connecting nut 32.

[0027] The vibration damping module 4 includes a vibration damping mandrel 41 coaxially arranged with the vibration damping cavity 25. A shaft end baffle 42 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the vibration damping mandrel 41. The shaft end baffle 42 and the side wall of the vibration damping cavity 25 are slidably engaged. A vibration damping spring 43 is sleeved on the outside of the vibration damping mandrel 41. The upper end of the vibration damping spring 43 abuts against the annular partition 26. A damping sleeve 44 is sleeved on the outside of the vibration damping spring 43. The side wall of the damping sleeve 44 is in contact with the side wall of the vibration damping cavity 25.

[0028] The upper outer side of the vibration damping mandrel 41 is fitted with a sealing sleeve, the outer wall of the sealing sleeve and the inner wall of the annular partition 26 are in sliding fit, and the lower end of the shaft end baffle 42 abuts against the upper end of the tool connector 5.

[0029] The lower end of the tool connector 5 is screwed with a straight-bladed end mill head 51.

[0030] In actual operation, the tool holder module 1 is fixedly connected to the spindle of the multi-axis machining center, and the cooling channel 12 is connected to the spindle cooling system. The positioning sleeve 22 is placed on the upper end of the docking plate 21. The mounting slot 13 of the tool holder module 1 is matched with the docking plate 21 of the reconfigurable module 2 by connecting the positioning module 3. Then, the connecting bolt 31 and the connecting nut 32 are used to lock them. The cooling channel 12 and the cooling chamber 24 are connected by the positioning sleeve 22, thereby realizing a high-precision connection between the tool holder module 1 and the reconfigurable module 2. The vibration damping module 4 is installed in the vibration damping cavity 25 of the reconfigurable module 2, so that the sealing sleeve at the upper end of the vibration damping spindle 41 is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner wall of the annular partition 26. The sealing sleeve is made of rubber material, which can ensure the sealing between the upper end of the vibration damping spindle 41 and the inner wall of the annular partition 26, while also allowing the upper end of the vibration damping spindle 41 to slide inside the annular partition 26. The lower end of the vibration damping spindle 41 is fixed to the shaft end baffle 42. Finally, the tool connector 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the spindle body 23 of the reconfigurable module 2, and then the straight-blade end mill 51 is installed to complete the overall assembly of the tool. The cutting tool is driven to rotate and move along the machining path by the multi-axis machining center. The straight-blade end mill head 51 performs cutting machining on the thin-walled variable feature component of the aerospace. During the machining process, the cooling medium of the spindle cooling system flows into the positioning sleeve 22 through the cooling channel 12, then enters the cooling chamber 24, and is delivered to the cooling nozzle 232 through the cooling pipe 231. Finally, it is sprayed onto the cutting area to achieve precise cooling. At the same time, the vibration damping module 4 dissipates the vibration energy generated by cutting through the elastic deformation of the vibration damping spring 43 and the damping effect of the damping sleeve 44, and suppresses tool chatter and workpiece deformation. After machining is completed, the multi-axis machining center drives the straight-blade end mill head 51 to exit the workpiece, shuts down the cooling system, and completes a single machining process.

[0031] Example 2: Figures 5 to 9 As shown, Embodiment 2 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that: a tool replacement module 6 is installed on the lower outer side of the reconfigurable module 2, which is used to replace different types and sizes of tools according to the processing characteristics.

[0032] The tool replacement module 6 includes a support plate 61 fixedly installed on the lower outer side of the positioning sleeve 22. Circular through holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the support plate 61. An inverted tool protection cylinder 62 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the circular through holes. An L-shaped rod 63 is slidably installed on the upper end of the tool protection cylinder 62. A universal mounting head 64 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the L-shaped rod 63. A crossbar 65 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the L-shaped rod 63. A linkage plate 66 is fixedly installed in the middle of the L-shaped rod 63. A compression spring 67 is sleeved on the upper end of the linkage plate 66. The upper end of the compression spring 67 is fixedly connected to the top of the tool protection cylinder 62. A chip removal unit 68 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder 62.

[0033] The lower end of the universal mounting head 64 is sequentially fitted with a fine helical end mill head, a coarse helical end mill head, a keyway end mill head, and a ball end mill head. Each end mill head is made of cemented carbide and the cutting edge is coated with an AlCrN-based coating.

[0034] The lower end of the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder 62 is fixedly provided with an annular barrier 621. The inner ring of the upper end of the annular barrier 621 is inclined downward to facilitate the falling off of debris. A limit hole 622 is opened at the upper end of the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder 62.

[0035] The descaling unit 68 includes a metal traction rope 681 fixedly connected to the upper end of the linkage disc 66. The end of the metal traction rope 681 passes through the limiting hole 622 and is fixedly connected to the cleaning cylinder 682. Metal brush bristles are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning cylinder 682. A reset spring 683 is sleeved on the metal traction rope 681 between the upper end of the cleaning cylinder 682 and the lower end of the limiting hole 622.

[0036] In actual operation, before processing again, first select the appropriate milling cutter head according to the processing requirements and install it on the tool connector head 5. Then, install the replaced straight-edged milling cutter head 51 on the universal mounting head 64. When replacing the tool, first manually press down on the crossbar 65 of the corresponding tool, thereby driving the linkage plate 66, the universal mounting head 64 and the corresponding tool to move down to below the support plate 61. Then, remove the new tool and install it on the lower end of the tool connector head 5, while the replaced straight-edged milling cutter head 51 is installed on the previous universal mounting head 64. As the linkage disc 66 moves downward, it stretches the compression spring 67, simultaneously causing the cleaning cylinder 682 to move upward via the metal traction rope 681. The return spring 683 is compressed. When the replaced straight-blade end mill 51 is installed onto the previous universal mounting head 64, the pressing of the crossbar 65 stops. At this point, the reaction force of the compression spring 67 drives the shaped rod 63, universal mounting head 64, linkage disc 66, and straight-blade end mill 51 upward, causing the straight-blade end mill 51 to move into the tool protection cylinder 62. The reaction force of the return spring 683 will drive the cleaning cylinder 682 to move downward. During this process, the metal bristles on the inner wall of the cleaning cylinder 682 can perform a downward sweeping action on the surface of the straight end mill head 51, thereby brushing off the milling chips attached to the surface of the straight end mill head 51. The sloping surface at the upper inner side of the annular barrier 621 facilitates the removal of the brushed-off milling chips from the tool protection cylinder 62. At the same time, the setting of the annular barrier 621 can prevent the milling chips splashed during the machining process from entering the tool surface temporarily stored inside the tool protection cylinder 62 and affecting the machining accuracy.

[0037] Working principle of the invention: The tool holder module 1 is fixedly connected to the spindle of the multi-axis machining center, and the cooling channel 12 is connected to the spindle cooling system. The positioning sleeve 22 is placed on the upper end of the docking plate 21. The mounting slot 13 of the tool holder module 1 is matched with the docking plate 21 of the reconfigurable module 2 by connecting the positioning module 3. Then, the connecting bolt 31 and the connecting nut 32 are used to lock them. The cooling channel 12 and the cooling chamber 24 are connected by the positioning sleeve 22, thereby realizing a high-precision connection between the tool holder module 1 and the reconfigurable module 2. The vibration damping module 4 is installed in the vibration damping cavity 25 of the reconfigurable module 2, so that the sealing sleeve at the upper end of the vibration damping spindle 41 is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner wall of the annular partition 26. The sealing sleeve is made of rubber material, which can ensure the sealing between the upper end of the vibration damping spindle 41 and the inner wall of the annular partition 26, while also allowing the upper end of the vibration damping spindle 41 to slide inside the annular partition 26. The lower end of the vibration damping spindle 41 is fixed to the shaft end baffle 42. Finally, the tool connector 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the spindle body 23 of the reconfigurable module 2, and then the straight-blade end mill 51 is installed to complete the overall assembly of the tool. The cutting tool is driven to rotate and move along the machining path by the multi-axis machining center. The straight-blade end mill head 51 performs cutting machining on the thin-walled variable feature component of the aerospace. During the machining process, the cooling medium of the spindle cooling system flows into the positioning sleeve 22 through the cooling channel 12, then enters the cooling chamber 24, and is delivered to the cooling nozzle 232 through the cooling pipe 231. Finally, it is sprayed onto the cutting area to achieve precise cooling. At the same time, the vibration damping module 4 dissipates the vibration energy generated by cutting through the elastic deformation of the vibration damping spring 43 and the damping effect of the damping sleeve 44, and suppresses tool chatter and workpiece deformation. After machining is completed, the multi-axis machining center drives the straight-edge end mill head 51 to exit the workpiece, shuts off the cooling system, and completes a single machining process. Then, according to the machining requirements, the appropriate end mill head is selected and installed on the tool connector head 5. The replaced straight-edge end mill head 51 is then installed on the universal mounting head 64. When replacing the tool, the crossbar 65 of the corresponding tool is pressed down manually, which drives the linkage plate 66, the universal mounting head 64, and the corresponding tool to move down to below the support plate 61. Then, the new tool is removed and installed on the lower end of the tool connector head 5, while the replaced straight-edge end mill head 51 is installed on the previous universal mounting head 64. As the linkage disc 66 moves downward, it stretches the compression spring 67, simultaneously causing the cleaning cylinder 682 to move upward via the metal traction rope 681. The return spring 683 is compressed. When the replaced straight-blade end mill 51 is installed onto the previous universal mounting head 64, the pressing of the crossbar 65 stops. At this point, the reaction force of the compression spring 67 drives the shaped rod 63, universal mounting head 64, linkage disc 66, and straight-blade end mill 51 upward, causing the straight-blade end mill 51 to move into the tool protection cylinder 62. The reaction force of the return spring 683 will drive the cleaning cylinder 682 to move downward. During this process, the metal bristles on the inner wall of the cleaning cylinder 682 can perform a downward sweeping action on the surface of the straight end mill head 51, thereby brushing off the milling chips attached to the surface of the straight end mill head 51. The sloping surface at the upper inner side of the annular barrier 621 facilitates the removal of the brushed-off milling chips from the tool protection cylinder 62. At the same time, the setting of the annular barrier 621 can prevent the milling chips splashed during the machining process from entering the tool surface temporarily stored inside the tool protection cylinder 62 and affecting the machining accuracy.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular structure for a reconfigurable multi-axis cutting tool for thin-walled variable feature components in aerospace applications, comprising a tool holder module (1), a reconfigurable module (2), a connection and positioning module (3), a vibration damping module (4), a tool connector (5), and a tool replacement module (6), characterized in that: The tool holder module (1) is used to be adapted and connected to the spindle of a multi-axis machining center. The lower end of the tool holder module (1) is detachably connected to a reconfigurable module (2) through a connection positioning module (3). The reconfigurable module (2) is equipped with a vibration damping module (4) for buffering vibrations during machining. A tool connector (5) is fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the reconfigurable module (2). A tool replacement module (6) is installed on the lower outer side of the reconfigurable module (2) for replacing different types and sizes of tools according to machining characteristics.

2. The modular structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tool holder module (1) includes a tool holder body (11) adapted to the spindle of a multi-axis machining center. The tool holder body (11) adopts a tapered design and has a threaded connection hole at its upper end. The cooling channel (12) is arranged through the axial direction of the tool holder body (11) and extends to the lower end face of the tool holder body (11). The lower end of the tool holder body (11) is fixedly connected to the mounting slot (13), and the mounting slot (13) has its opening facing downward.

3. The modular structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The reconfigurable module (2) includes a docking plate (21) that is connected to the mounting slot (13). A positioning sleeve (22) is abutted at the middle of the upper end of the docking plate (21). A spindle body (23) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the docking plate (21). A cooling chamber (24) is opened inside the spindle body (23) near the upper end. A vibration damping chamber (25) is opened below the cooling chamber (24). An annular partition (26) is fixedly arranged between the cooling chamber (24) and the vibration damping chamber (25).

4. The modular structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the cooling chamber (24) is connected to the lower end of the positioning sleeve (22), and the upper end of the positioning sleeve (22) is connected to the lower end of the cooling channel (12).

5. The modular structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The spindle body (23) has cooling cavities (231) evenly distributed along its circumference inside the side wall. The upper end of the cooling cavities (231) is connected to the interior of the cooling chamber (24). The lower end of the cooling cavities (231) extends to the lower end face of the spindle body (23) and is fixedly installed with cooling nozzles (232).

6. The modular structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The vibration damping module (4) includes a vibration damping mandrel (41) coaxially arranged with the vibration damping cavity (25). A shaft end baffle (42) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the vibration damping mandrel (41). The shaft end baffle (42) slides with the side wall of the vibration damping cavity (25). A vibration damping spring (43) is sleeved on the outside of the vibration damping mandrel (41). The upper end of the vibration damping spring (43) abuts against the annular partition (26). A damping sleeve (44) is sleeved on the outside of the vibration damping spring (43). The side wall of the damping sleeve (44) fits against the side wall of the vibration damping cavity (25).

7. The modular structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The upper outer side of the vibration damping mandrel (41) is fitted with a sealing sleeve, the outer wall of the sealing sleeve and the inner wall of the annular partition (26) slide together, the lower end of the shaft end baffle (42) and the upper end of the tool connector (5) abut against each other, and the lower end of the tool connector (5) is screwed with a straight-bladed milling cutter head (51).

8. The modular structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The tool replacement module (6) includes a support plate (61) fixedly installed on the lower outer side of the positioning sleeve (22). The support plate (61) has a circular through hole evenly opened along its circumference. An inverted tool protection cylinder (62) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the circular through hole. A special-shaped rod (63) is slidably installed at the upper end of the tool protection cylinder (62). The special-shaped rod (63) is "L" shaped. A universal mounting head (64) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the special-shaped rod (63). A crossbar (65) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the special-shaped rod (63). A linkage plate (66) is fixedly installed in the middle of the special-shaped rod (63). A compression spring (67) is sleeved on the upper end of the linkage plate (66). The upper end of the compression spring (67) is fixedly connected to the top of the tool protection cylinder (62). A chip removal unit (68) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder (62).

9. The modular structure as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The lower end of the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder (62) is fixedly provided with an annular barrier (621). The inner ring of the upper end of the annular barrier (621) is inclined downward to facilitate the falling off of debris. A limit hole (622) is opened at the upper end of the inner wall of the tool protection cylinder (62).

10. The modular structure as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The descaling unit (68) includes a metal traction rope (681) fixedly connected to the upper end of the linkage disc (66). The end of the metal traction rope (681) passes through the limiting hole (622) and is fixedly connected to the cleaning cylinder (682). Metal brush bristles are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning cylinder (682). A reset spring (683) is sleeved on the metal traction rope (681) between the upper end of the cleaning cylinder (682) and the lower end of the limiting hole (622).

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