Metal multi-wire cutting efficient cooling cutting fluid, method and application

Abstract

The invention provides efficient cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting as well as a preparation method and application of the efficient cooling cutting fluid, and belongs to the technical field of metal processing. The cutting fluid is a water-based cutting fluid and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: a specific heat capacity and heat conductivity coefficient enhancer, a boiling point improver, a surface tension reducing agent or a wetting penetrant and the balance of deionized water. Through the synergistic effect of the components, the problems of phase change boiling and cooling failure caused by the fact that an existing cutting fluid cannot cope with an extreme thermal load in metal multi-wire cutting are solved. The cutting fluid can effectively inhibit formation of a steam film and maintain efficient liquid cooling, so that thermal deformation of a workpiece and fracture of a cutting line are avoided, and the processing efficiency and quality are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal processing technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Multi-wire cutting is a highly efficient machining method that uses multiple high-speed cutting wires to cut a workpiece simultaneously. Traditionally, this technology has been mainly used for machining hard and brittle materials such as silicon wafers and sapphire. In these applications, the main functions of cutting fluid are lubrication, chip removal, and providing basic cooling.

[0003] In recent years, the industry has begun to explore the application of multi-wire cutting technology to the processing of metallic materials, such as stainless steel and high-temperature alloys. However, the physical properties and cutting mechanisms of metallic materials differ fundamentally from those of hard and brittle materials. Metallic materials possess high toughness and primarily undergo plastic deformation during cutting, generating significantly more heat than when cutting hard and brittle materials. Especially for metals like stainless steel, which have low thermal conductivity, heat can easily accumulate rapidly within a small cutting area, creating localized extreme temperatures.

[0004] Existing cutting fluids, including some designed for cutting hard and brittle materials, are not optimized for the extreme heat loads of multi-wire metal cutting. When applied to metal cutting, they rapidly reach their boiling point at the cutting interface due to their inability to effectively dissipate the enormous heat, resulting in violent phase change boiling and the formation of a highly insulating vapor film, known as "film thermal resistance." This vapor film severely hinders the contact between the cutting fluid and the workpiece surface, causing a sharp decline in heat exchange efficiency and near-complete cooling failure. The direct consequences of this cooling failure are severe thermal deformation of the workpiece due to localized overheating, leading to decreased cutting accuracy and deteriorated surface quality. Simultaneously, the cutting wire itself suffers performance degradation and accelerated wear due to overheating, and may even break due to workpiece thermal expansion, causing production interruptions and increased costs. Therefore, current technologies cannot effectively solve the extreme heat dissipation problem in multi-wire metal cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting and its application, in order to solve the technical problem that existing cutting fluids are unable to cope with extreme heat loads due to insufficient cooling capacity when applied to metal multi-wire cutting, which leads to workpiece thermal deformation, reduced machining accuracy and cutting wire breakage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting, which is a water-based cutting fluid and contains the following components by mass percentage: 0.1% to 5% of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer; 1% to 10% of boiling point enhancer; 0.5% to 5% of surface tension reducer or wetting and penetrating agent; and the balance being deionized water.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer is selected from sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, phosphate, or any combination thereof.

[0008] Furthermore, the boiling point enhancer is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, or any combination thereof.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface tension reducing agent or wetting and penetrating agent is a nonionic surfactant, and the nonionic surfactant is a polyether surfactant or a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0010] Optionally, the cutting fluid further comprises 0.1% to 3% by weight of extreme pressure / anti-wear additives, which are selected from synthetic esters, polyethers, or phosphate esters.

[0011] Optionally, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer further comprises a nanofluid additive selected from nano-alumina, nano-copper oxide, nano-zinc oxide, or carbon nanotubes.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer is sodium pyrophosphate; the boiling point enhancer comprises ethylene glycol and glycerol; the surface tension reducer or wetting and penetrating agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; and the extreme pressure / anti-wear additive is a synthetic ester.

[0013] In another preferred embodiment of this application, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer comprises sodium nitrite and nano-alumina; the boiling point enhancer comprises ethylene glycol and glycerol; the surface tension reducer or wetting and penetrating agent is a nonionic polyether surfactant; and the extreme pressure / anti-wear additive is a synthetic ester.

[0014] This application also provides a method for preparing the cutting fluid as described above, characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing deionized water, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer, the boiling point enhancer, and the surface tension reducer or wetting and penetrating agent under stirring conditions until a homogeneous and stable liquid is formed.

[0015] This application also provides an application of the cutting fluid described above in metal multi-wire cutting.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. Excellent cooling performance, effectively suppressing thermal deformation. Through the synergistic effect of boiling point improvers and specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancers, the boiling point of the cutting fluid in this application is significantly increased, and the heat exchange capacity is enhanced. This enables it to maintain stable liquid contact in the extreme high-temperature region generated by metal multi-wire cutting, effectively suppressing the formation of heat insulation vapor film, and efficiently removing heat from the cutting zone. This significantly reduces the local temperature of the workpiece, effectively suppresses workpiece thermal deformation caused by overheating, and ensures machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0018] 2. Excellent wetting and penetrating properties, achieving cooling without dead zones. Through the action of surface tension reducers, the cutting fluid can overcome the surface tension of the liquid, quickly and thoroughly penetrating into the tiny cutting gaps and the contact points between the cutting line and the workpiece, transferring the cooling effect to the most critical areas and avoiding the generation of cooling dead zones.

[0019] 3. Significantly reduces the risk of wire breakage and extends consumable life. Continuous and effective cooling prevents the cutting wire from degrading or breaking due to instantaneous overheating. At the same time, the optional extreme pressure / anti-wear additives reduce friction, further reducing wire wear, thereby significantly reducing the breakage rate, extending the service life of the cutting wire, and reducing production costs.

[0020] 4. Improved processing efficiency and quality. With guaranteed cooling, higher linear speeds and feed rates can be used for stable cutting, thus improving overall cutting efficiency. Simultaneously, stable temperature control also results in better workpiece surface roughness. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of a high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] The main reference numerals in the attached drawings are explained as follows: 10-Guide wheel; 20-Diamond wire mesh; 30-Metal workpiece; 40-Cutting kerf; 50-Cutting fluid nozzle; 60-Cutting fluid; 70-Heat accumulation zone; S101-Add metered deionized water to the stirring container; S102-Start stirring and add the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer, boiling point improver, wetting and penetrating agent, and other components in sequence; S103-Continue stirring until all components are completely dissolved or uniformly dispersed; S104-Perform performance testing on the finished product; S105-After passing the test, the finished product is put into storage. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To better understand the technical solutions of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] This embodiment discloses a basic high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for metal multi-wire cutting. It aims to effectively solve the key heat load problem in the metal multi-wire cutting process through a basic combination of specific heat capacity enhancer, boiling point enhancer and wetting and penetrating agent.

[0026] As a specific implementation, the high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid provided in this embodiment is a water-based cutting fluid, and its components are as follows by mass percentage: Deionized water: 94%; Sodium nitrate: 1.5%; Glycerol: 3%; Polyether surfactant (low-foaming type): 1%; Benzotriazole corrosion inhibitor: 0.3%; Organosilicon defoamer: 0.1%; Isothiazolinone bactericide: 0.1%.

[0027] Specifically, the mechanisms of action of each component in the above formula are explained as follows: Deionized water is the base fluid component and main carrier of the cutting fluid, and its content is in the balance. Deionized water has a high specific heat capacity and good fluidity, making it the basic medium for absorbing and transferring heat. It should be noted that using deionized water instead of ordinary tap water can avoid adverse reactions between calcium and magnesium ions in the water and other components in the cutting fluid, thereby ensuring the stability and performance of the cutting fluid.

[0028] In this embodiment, sodium nitrate is used as an enhancer of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, with a mass percentage of 1.5%, which falls within the preferred range of 0.1% to 5%. As a water-soluble inorganic salt, sodium nitrate, upon dissolving in water, can alter the hydrogen bond network structure of water molecules, thereby increasing the specific heat capacity of the entire solution system. In other words, it can absorb more heat when the temperature of a unit mass of cutting fluid increases by one degree Celsius. Simultaneously, the presence and movement of ions in the solution also contribute to enhancing the overall thermal conductivity of the system, allowing heat to be conducted more quickly from the high-temperature region to the interior of the fluid and carried away by the circulation system.

[0029] Glycerol is used as a boiling point enhancer, with a mass percentage of 3%, preferably within the range of 1% to 10%. Glycerol is a polyol with three hydroxyl groups, a boiling point as high as 290°C, and is miscible with water in any proportion. According to Raoult's law, adding a non-volatile solute to a solvent lowers its vapor pressure, thereby increasing the boiling point of the solution. The addition of glycerol significantly increases the boiling point of the entire cutting fluid system. During multi-wire cutting of metal, the temperature at the cutting interface may momentarily exceed 100°C. If pure water or conventional cutting fluid is used, violent boiling is likely to occur, forming a heat-insulating vapor film. In contrast, the cutting fluid in this embodiment has a boiling point raised to above 110°C, thus maintaining a liquid state in high-temperature regions. This ensures continuous contact with the workpiece surface and achieves efficient convective heat transfer, fundamentally suppressing the formation of "vapor film thermal resistance."

[0030] Polyether surfactants are used as surface tension reducers or wetting and penetrating agents, with a mass percentage of 1%, preferably within the range of 0.5% to 5%. This component is a nonionic surfactant whose molecular structure contains both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups. This amphiphilic structure allows it to effectively align on the liquid surface, significantly reducing the surface tension of water. In multi-wire cutting applications, the kerf formed between the cutting wire and the workpiece is extremely narrow, making it difficult for ordinary liquids to penetrate due to surface tension. Thanks to this, the cutting fluid of this embodiment possesses excellent wetting and penetrating capabilities, enabling it to quickly and thoroughly penetrate every corner of the kerf, especially directly cooling the areas of heat accumulation where friction and plastic deformation are most intense, ensuring thorough cooling. As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment uses low-foaming polyethers to avoid generating excessive foam in the high-speed circulating spray system, which would affect pump efficiency and cooling effect.

[0031] In addition, this embodiment also includes several auxiliary additives crucial for ensuring the long-term stable use of the cutting fluid. Among them, a benzotriazole corrosion inhibitor (0.3%) is a highly effective metal corrosion inhibitor, particularly protective of copper and its alloys, effectively preventing corrosion of copper components in machine tools and certain metal workpieces by the cutting fluid. An organosilicon defoamer (0.1%) is used to quickly eliminate foam that may be generated during the circulation and spraying of the cutting fluid, maintaining stable system operation. An isothiazolinone bactericide (0.1%) is a broad-spectrum bactericide that effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi in the cutting fluid, preventing spoilage and deterioration due to microbial proliferation, thereby extending its service life.

[0032] Please see Figure 1The preparation method of the cutting fluid in this embodiment is as follows: Step S101: Add 94 kg of deionized water to a clean 100-liter stainless steel reactor equipped with a mechanical stirring device (e.g., an adjustable-speed paddle stirrer). Step S102: Turn on the stirring device and set the speed to 100-200 rpm to form a stable vortex, then add each component in sequence. For example, first slowly add 1.5 kg of sodium nitrate powder and stir for about 10 minutes until completely dissolved; then add 3 kg of glycerol and mix for 5 minutes; then add 1 kg of low-foaming polyether surfactant and stir for 10 minutes; finally, add 0.3 kg of benzotriazole corrosion inhibitor, 0.1 kg of silicone defoamer, and 0.1 kg of isothiazolinone bactericide in sequence. Step S103: After all components have been added, continue stirring for about 30 minutes to ensure that all solid components are completely dissolved and liquid components are uniformly dispersed, ultimately obtaining a clear, homogeneous, and stable liquid product. Step S104: Perform performance testing on the finished product. Take samples from the reactor and use equipment such as a pH meter and surface tension meter to test key indicators of the cutting fluid, such as pH value, surface tension, and conductivity, to ensure that it meets quality standards. Step S105: After passing the tests, store the finished product. The qualified cutting fluid is pumped to the finished product storage tank for packaging and storage, ready for subsequent use.

[0033] Please see Figure 2The application process of the cutting fluid in multi-wire cutting of metal in this embodiment is as follows: On a multi-wire cutting machine, a diamond wire mesh 20, tensioned and guided by multiple guide rollers 10, reciprocates at extremely high speeds (e.g., 10-20 m / s) to cut a fixed metal workpiece 30 (e.g., a 304 stainless steel block). At the interface where the diamond abrasive grains on the diamond wire mesh 20 contact the metal workpiece 30, a huge amount of heat is generated due to intense friction and plastic deformation of the metal material, forming a heat accumulation zone 70 with extremely high temperature. At the same time, as the cutting proceeds, a narrow cutting kerf 40 is formed on the metal workpiece 30. During this process, the high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid 60 prepared according to this embodiment is stored in the machine tool's cooling system and, driven by a high-pressure pump, is sprayed in large quantities and continuously from multiple cutting fluid nozzles 50 in a mist or curtain form onto the contact area between the diamond wire mesh 20 and the metal workpiece 30. Because cutting fluid 60 contains glycerol, whose boiling point is much higher than 100℃, it remains liquid even in the extremely hot heat accumulation zone 70, preventing cooling failure caused by vapor film formation due to phase change boiling. Simultaneously, due to its polyether surfactant content, cutting fluid 60 has extremely low surface tension, allowing it to instantly overcome capillary resistance, rapidly penetrate and fill the entire cutting kerf 40, and achieve full direct contact with the heat accumulation zone 70. The sodium nitrate in cutting fluid 60 gives it a higher specific heat capacity, enabling the liquid flowing through the high-temperature zone to efficiently absorb a large amount of heat, effectively controlling the temperature of the cutting zone at a lower level (e.g., below 110℃). The heat-carrying cutting fluid 60 flows back to the machine tool's coolant tank, is cooled by filtration and a heat exchanger, and is then pumped back to the cutting fluid nozzle 50 for reuse, thus achieving continuous and efficient cooling throughout the entire cutting process. Experimental data show that, compared with conventional cutting fluids containing only emulsified oil and water, the cutting fluid of this embodiment effectively controls the maximum temperature in the cutting zone below 110°C during multi-wire cutting of stainless steel, significantly reducing local boiling. Results show that the final thermal deformation of the workpiece is reduced by approximately 40-50%, and the cutting line breakage rate caused by overheating and workpiece expansion clamping is also significantly reduced. Furthermore, thanks to the reliable cooling effect, higher linear speeds and feed rates can be used, thereby increasing overall cutting efficiency by approximately 30%, while also significantly improving the surface roughness of the cut workpiece.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] This embodiment provides a high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid with optimized overall performance. As an optional implementation, based on Embodiment 1, it achieves synergistic effects of cooling and lubrication by compounding boiling point improvers and introducing extreme pressure anti-wear additives, aiming to provide more comprehensive process assurance.

[0036] The high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid provided in this embodiment is a water-based cutting fluid, and its components are expressed in the following mass percentages: Deionized water: 91.5%; Sodium pyrophosphate: 2%; Ethylene glycol: 4%; Glycerol: 1.5%; Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether: 0.8%; Synthetic ester (extreme pressure anti-wear type): 0.5%; Composite corrosion inhibitor: 0.5%; Polyether-modified siloxane defoamer: 0.1%; Composite bactericide: 0.1%.

[0037] In the formulation of this embodiment, the technical principles and synergistic effects of each core component have been further optimized and enhanced: Deionized water is used as the base liquid, with a content of 91.5%.

[0038] Sodium pyrophosphate is used as an enhancer of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, with a content of 2%, preferably within the range of 0.1% to 5%. Sodium pyrophosphate is a type of phosphate and can also effectively improve the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions. Unlike sodium nitrate, sodium pyrophosphate also possesses excellent chelating ability, capable of complexing hardness ions (such as calcium and magnesium ions) in water, thus softening the water. Furthermore, it has certain dispersing and rust-preventing functions, helping to maintain the cleanliness of the cutting fluid system and providing initial rust prevention for ferrous metals.

[0039] The combined system of ethylene glycol and glycerol serves as a boiling point enhancer, with a total content of 5.5% (4% + 1.5%), falling within the preferred range of 1% to 10%. Both ethylene glycol (boiling point 197°C) and glycerol (boiling point 290°C) are excellent boiling point enhancers. Using them in combination yields superior overall performance compared to individual components. For example, it can adjust the viscosity of cutting fluids at low temperatures, preventing excessive viscosity from affecting flowability and pumpability, while achieving a better balance between cost and boiling point enhancement. This combined system can more stably raise the boiling point of cutting fluids to higher levels (e.g., above 120°C) to cope with more severe thermal load conditions.

[0040] Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers (e.g., AEO-9) are used as surface tension reducers or wetting and penetrating agents, at a concentration of 0.8%, preferably within the range of 0.5% to 5%. These nonionic surfactants possess excellent wetting, penetrating, and emulsifying capabilities, ensuring rapid entry of the cutting fluid into the cutting kerf 40.

[0041] A key improvement in this embodiment is the introduction of synthetic ester as an extreme pressure anti-wear additive, with a content of 0.5%, preferably within the range of 0.1% to 3%. The heat generated during metal multi-wire cutting mainly originates from two sources: deformation heat from the plastic deformation of the metal material and frictional heat from the intense friction between the diamond abrasive grains and the workpiece. While Embodiment 1 primarily relies on enhanced cooling for heat dissipation, this embodiment adds a strategy of reducing the heat source. Synthetic ester is a high-performance lubricant; under extreme conditions of high temperature and pressure, its molecules can undergo physical adsorption or chemical reaction on the surface of the metal workpiece 30, forming a tough boundary lubrication film. This lubrication film effectively isolates the direct contact between the diamond wire mesh 20 and the metal workpiece 30, transforming dry or semi-dry friction into a boundary lubrication state, thereby significantly reducing the coefficient of friction and reducing frictional heat generation at its source. This not only reduces the burden on the cooling system but also effectively slows down the wear of the diamond abrasive grains, extending the service life of the diamond wire mesh 20.

[0042] Regarding auxiliary additives, this embodiment uses a composite corrosion inhibitor, a polyether-modified siloxane defoamer, and a composite bactericide with superior performance to provide longer-lasting and comprehensive protection.

[0043] The preparation method of the cutting fluid in this embodiment is similar to that in Example 1, and also follows the same procedure. Figure 1 The process is shown. It is understood that in the preparation method of this embodiment, after adding 0.5 kg of synthetic ester in step S102, it may be necessary to appropriately increase the stirring speed or extend the stirring time to ensure that the oily synthetic ester can be uniformly dispersed in the water-based system under the emulsification of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to form a stable or semi-stable emulsion.

[0044] In terms of application, the cutting fluid 60 in this embodiment is also sprayed onto the cutting area through the cutting fluid nozzle 50. Its mechanism of action is manifested in the dual synergistic effect of cooling and lubrication. On the one hand, the enhanced cooling system composed of the ethylene glycol and glycerol compound system, sodium pyrophosphate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether plays a similar but stronger role in cooling, anti-boiling, and penetration as in Example 1, efficiently removing the generated heat from the heat accumulation zone 70; on the other hand, the lubricating film formed by the synthetic ester at the cutting interface significantly reduces the generation of frictional heat. This strategy of combining "source reduction" and "heat dissipation" makes the control of the temperature in the cutting area more relaxed and efficient.

[0045] Experimental data demonstrates that this embodiment exhibits significant comprehensive performance advantages. Under the same stainless steel cutting test conditions, the maximum temperature in the cutting area can be stably controlled below 95°C, almost completely avoiding boiling. The thermal deformation of the workpiece is reduced by more than 60% compared to traditional cutting fluids, and the problem of cutting line breakage due to overheating is also essentially eliminated. Due to reduced friction and sufficient cooling, cutting efficiency can be increased by more than 40%, while the workpiece surface quality also reaches a superior level, with a lower surface roughness value. This fully demonstrates the comprehensive technical advantages brought about by the synergistic effect of cooling and lubrication.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] This embodiment provides a nano-enhanced high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid that pursues ultimate thermal conductivity. Its core technology lies in introducing highly thermally conductive nanoparticles into the cutting fluid to construct a nanofluid system, thereby achieving a breakthrough improvement in heat transfer rate. This makes it suitable for special metal multi-wire cutting scenarios with the highest requirements for machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0048] The high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid provided in this embodiment is a water-based cutting fluid, and its components are expressed in the following mass percentages: Deionized water: 90%; Sodium nitrite: 1%; Ethylene glycol: 5%; Glycerol: 2%; Nonionic polyether surfactant: 1%; Nano-alumina (average particle size 30 nm): 0.2%; Synthetic ester (extreme pressure anti-wear type): 0.5%; Composite corrosion inhibitor: 0.2%; Defoamer: 0.1%.

[0049] The core technical feature of the formulation in this embodiment is the introduction of nanofluid additives: In this embodiment, nano-alumina constitutes the core component of the thermal conductivity enhancer, with a content of 0.2%. Conventional liquids (such as water) have relatively low thermal conductivity, which is a bottleneck in the heat transfer process. Solid materials, especially metal oxide ceramics (such as alumina), have thermal conductivity several orders of magnitude higher than liquids. The basic idea of ​​nanofluid technology is to stably disperse such highly thermally conductive solid particles in a nanoscale (typically less than 100 nanometers) form into a base liquid, thereby significantly improving the equivalent thermal conductivity of the mixed fluid. The nano-alumina particles used in this embodiment, due to their extremely large specific surface area and Brownian motion in the liquid, can construct countless microscopic heat conduction channels within the fluid and induce micro-convection, thus greatly accelerating heat transfer in the liquid. This means that once the cutting fluid comes into contact with the heat accumulation zone 70, heat can be rapidly conducted from the contact point to the entire fluid at a rate much higher than that of conventional liquids, and then carried away by macroscopic flow.

[0050] Sodium nitrite (1% content) is also used in this formulation as an enhancer of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, and also has excellent rust prevention function. It works synergistically with nano alumina to improve the thermophysical properties of the fluid.

[0051] Ethylene glycol (5%) and glycerol (2%) constitute a powerful boiling point enhancer system with a total content of up to 7%, ensuring that the cutting fluid can remain stable in a liquid state even under local hot spots or extreme cutting conditions that may occur after the introduction of nanoparticles.

[0052] In this embodiment, the nonionic polyether surfactant (1% content) plays a dual role. It acts as both a surface tension reducer and a wetting and penetrating agent, ensuring the cutting fluid can penetrate the cutting gap 40; simultaneously, it serves as a crucial dispersant for the nano-alumina particles. Due to their large surface energy, nanoparticles are highly prone to aggregation and sedimentation, leading to nanofluid failure. This surfactant molecule can coat the surface of the nano-alumina particles, preventing direct contact and aggregation between particles through steric hindrance, thereby ensuring that the nanoparticles can remain stably suspended in deionized water for a long period, forming a stable nanofluid.

[0053] The synthetic ester (content 0.5%) is used as an extreme pressure anti-wear additive. Its function is the same as in Example 2. It reduces frictional heat generation by forming a lubricating film at the cutting interface, which complements the efficient heat dissipation function of the nanofluid.

[0054] Accordingly, the preparation method of the cutting fluid in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 Based on the illustrated process, a crucial high-efficiency dispersion step is added, which can be performed between steps S102 and S103. Specifically, deionized water, sodium nitrite, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and a nonionic polyether surfactant are added sequentially to the reactor and stirred until homogeneous. Then, 0.2 kg of nano-alumina powder is slowly added. After initial mixing, the mixture must be treated with high-energy dispersion methods. For example, a high-power ultrasonic probe can be inserted into the liquid for ultrasonic dispersion for approximately 30-60 minutes; or a high-shear dispersing emulsifier can be used to circulate the mixture. This step aims to utilize the ultrasonic cavitation effect or high shear force to completely break down the soft aggregates formed during the addition of the nanoparticles, ensuring that each nanoparticle is fully coated by the dispersant molecules. Finally, upon completion of step S103, a uniform, semi-transparent nano-suspension with good stability is obtained.

[0055] At the application level, when this nanofluid cutting fluid 60 is pumped into the cutting zone, its ultra-high thermal conductivity is immediately apparent. When the cutting fluid 60 comes into contact with the heat accumulation zone 70, heat is "extracted" at an extremely high rate and conducted into the fluid interior, instantly suppressing the upward trend of the interface temperature. Compared to Examples 1 and 2, which mainly rely on the fluid's specific heat capacity and macroscopic flow to "carry away" heat, the cutting fluid in this example achieves rapid heat diffusion at the microscopic level, resulting in higher heat transfer efficiency.

[0056] Therefore, when dealing with extremely high heat loads, such as cutting high-temperature alloys with poor thermal conductivity at extremely high linear speeds, the cutting fluid of this embodiment exhibits excellent temperature control capabilities. It can more strictly control the temperature of the cutting zone within an extremely low range, minimizing thermal deformation of the workpiece and thus achieving the highest machining accuracy and surface quality. In short, the technical solution of this embodiment provides an efficient technical path for addressing extreme heat dissipation challenges.

[0057] The above description is merely a few preferred embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made within the spirit and principles of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency cooling cutting fluid for multi-wire metal cutting, characterized in that, It is a water-based cutting fluid, and by mass percentage, it contains the following components: 0.1% to 5% of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancers; 1% to 10% boiling point enhancer; 0.5% to 5% surface tension reducing agent or wetting and penetrating agent; and The remaining amount of deionized water.

2. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer is selected from sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, phosphate, or any combination thereof.

3. The cutting fluid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The boiling point enhancer is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, or any combination thereof.

4. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface tension reducing agent or wetting and penetrating agent is a nonionic surfactant, and the nonionic surfactant is a polyether surfactant or a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

5. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also contains 0.1% to 3% by weight of extreme pressure / anti-wear additives, which are selected from synthetic esters, polyethers or phosphate esters.

6. The cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer also includes a nanofluid additive, which is selected from nano alumina, nano copper oxide, nano zinc oxide, or carbon nanotubes.

7. The cutting fluid according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer is sodium pyrophosphate; The boiling point enhancer comprises ethylene glycol and glycerol; The surface tension reducing agent or wetting and penetrating agent is a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; and The extreme pressure / anti-wear additive is a synthetic ester.

8. The cutting fluid according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer comprises sodium nitrite and nano-alumina; The boiling point enhancer comprises ethylene glycol and glycerol; The surface tension reducing agent or wetting and penetrating agent is a nonionic polyether surfactant; and The extreme pressure / anti-wear additive is a synthetic ester.

9. A method for preparing the cutting fluid as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Under stirring, deionized water, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity enhancer, the boiling point enhancer, and the surface tension reducer or wetting and penetrating agent are mixed until a homogeneous and stable liquid is formed.

10. The application of the cutting fluid as described in claim 1 in metal multi-wire cutting.

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