Method and device for acquiring man-machine interaction task complexity of aircraft cockpit
By breaking down the steps of aircraft cockpit tasks and calculating the complexity of task logic, scale, operation, time, and decision-making, the problem of individual differences in aircraft ergonomics assessment was solved, thereby improving flight safety and mission efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINESE FLIGHT TEST ESTAB
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for aircraft ergonomics assessments exhibit significant individual variability, leading to less objective assessment results and impacting flight safety.
By decomposing the steps of an aircraft cockpit mission, obtaining the mission logic, scale, manipulation, time, and decision complexity, and constructing a judgment matrix to calculate the mission complexity, a quantitative evaluation method is provided.
It enables objective assessment of the complexity of aircraft cockpit tasks, optimizes human-machine interface design, and improves flight safety and mission completion efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN122045873A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the aviation field, specifically to a method and apparatus for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing complexity and intelligence of aircraft design, pilots' workloads have also increased dramatically, making ergonomics evaluation a crucial research topic in flight testing. Current ergonomics evaluations rely solely on subjective scales and pilot assessments, leading to significant individual variations in results. Without objective benchmarks, ergonomics testing techniques cannot be systematically developed, hindering the technology's advancement.
[0003] Mission complexity is a crucial factor for flight safety because different levels of complexity determine pilot performance and behavior, ultimately impacting the aircraft's condition. Too low a complexity can lead to pilot boredom and fatigue, while too high a complexity can cause operators to forget or overlook procedures. Both scenarios greatly increase the risk of human error and even air disasters. Appropriate mission complexity ensures that the pilot's interaction with the aircraft and its automated systems remains within acceptable limits, enabling the pilot to complete the mission effectively.
[0004] In the past, the assessment of mission complexity on various models was mainly based on a statistical analysis of pilots' subjective comments, subjective scales, and physiological and psychological behavioral parameters. These methods all contained errors caused by individual physiological differences among pilots (flight duration, personality, stress resistance, etc.). Summary of the Invention
[0005] This application provides a method and apparatus for obtaining the complexity of human-machine interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, which can quantitatively describe the task complexity and expected human-machine interaction behavior during flight, solving the problem of strong subjectivity in previous workload assessments of aircraft models.
[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, the method comprising: Step 1: Select the aircraft cockpit human-computer interaction task that requires complexity calculation; Step 2: Decompose the steps of the aircraft cockpit human-machine interaction task according to the standard flight manual; Step 3: Obtain the task action flowchart based on the specific steps of the decomposed task; Step 4: Determine the input and output nodes and their quantity, operation type, time type, and decision type for each node based on the task action flowchart; Step 5: Classify the nodes according to the number of input / output nodes, node type, operation type, time type, and decision type, and obtain the task step logical complexity based on the classification results. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step manipulation complexity Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity ; Step 6: Determine the logical complexity of the task steps. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step manipulation complexity Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity and their respective weight values , , , and ; Obtain the complexity of the cockpit human-computer interaction task .
[0007] Optional, task step logical complexity The calculation formula is: (1) in Logical complexity of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first The probability of a node of a certain type; Task step logical complexity Nodes of the same type under the same viewpoint have the same number of input and output nodes.
[0008] Optional, task step complexity The calculation formula is: (2) in The complexity of the number of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first The probability of a class node; Number of steps and complexity of tasks Nodes of the same type in the same view have the same input and output nodes.
[0009] Optional, task step manipulation complexity The calculation formula is: (3) in, Manipulate the complexity of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first Probability of class nodes; complexity of task steps Nodes of the same type from the same perspective have the same type of manipulator. .
[0010] Optional, the types of manipulators for each node The value represents the number of manipulator types required to complete the action of this node. Control mechanisms include: pedals, tactile feedback, sticks, rudders, and steering wheels.
[0011] Optional, task step time complexity The calculation formula is: (4) in, Time complexity of task steps Number of node types from the perspective; For the first The probability of a class node; Task Step Time Complexity TC Nodes of the same type from the same perspective have the same time type. ; Time type The value is determined based on the time required to complete the action of that node.
[0012] Optional, task step decision complexity The calculation formula is: (5) in, Decision complexity for task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first The probability of a class node; Task step decision complexity Nodes of the same type from the same perspective have the same decision type. ; Decision types The cognitive processing behavior type required to complete the action at this node; when the cognitive processing behavior type is the pilot's unconscious instinctive reaction, then... When the cognitive processing behavior type involves the pilot processing information after stress, selecting the necessary procedures, and then executing the task according to those procedures, then... When the cognitive processing behavior type is that of a pilot experiencing stress, there are no direct procedures to apply, and decision-making and judgment are required to execute the task based on the decision results, then... .
[0013] Optional, ; in, , for The judgment matrix of order The elements in represent relatively The degree of importance; .
[0014] Optional, cockpit human-machine interaction task complexity The calculation formula is as follows: (6).
[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, for performing the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
[0016] In summary, this application provides a method and apparatus for obtaining the complexity of human-machine interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, which can solve the problem of insufficient objectivity in conclusions due to individual differences among pilots during flight tests of aircraft ergonomics projects. Current ergonomics assessments are mainly based on pilots' subjective rating scales and statistical analysis of physiological and psychological parameters, resulting in data with strong individual variability. Furthermore, task complexity calculation can support flight mission design, as different task complexities determine different pilot performance and behaviors, further influencing the aircraft's state. Appropriate task complexity ensures that the interaction between the pilot and the aircraft and its automated systems remains within acceptable limits, guaranteeing flight safety. This application provides a method for obtaining the complexity of human-machine interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, comprehensively evaluating the increase in task complexity caused by factors such as the logic, scale, control mode, time type, and cognitive type of the human-machine interaction task from multiple dimensions. This is of great significance for optimizing human-machine interface design and improving human-machine interaction methods. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart for the method of obtaining the complexity of cockpit human-computer interaction tasks; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the task action flow; Figure 3 A table outlining the specific steps of the task; Figure 4 A table illustrating the input and output nodes and their number for each node. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] The features and illustrative embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention. The invention is by no means limited to any specific setups and methods set forth below, but covers any improvements, substitutions, and modifications to structures, methods, and devices without departing from the spirit of the invention. Well-known structures and techniques are not shown in the drawings and the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention.
[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing and simplifying the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the use of ordinal numbers (e.g., "first and second," etc.) is for distinguishing objects and is not limited to this order, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly, encompassing both direct connection and indirect connection via an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other, and the various embodiments can be referenced and cited in each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
[0025] The present invention analyzes the factors affecting the complexity of human-machine interaction tasks in aircraft cockpits, including the following aspects: (1) Logical complexity, the core of which is the complexity and nonlinearity of the interaction relationship between steps, which measures the difficulty of the internal logical structure of how steps are connected, dependent, branched, looped, etc. (2) Scale complexity, the core of which is the number of tasks in the task and the influence of the relationship between these tasks on the overall complexity of the task. (3) Operational complexity, which refers to the difficulty and complexity of each operation step in the process of completing the task. The controllers in the aircraft cockpit include sticks, rudders, pedals, steering wheels, mice, buttons, etc. When completing a certain step, the more controllers that need to be operated at the same time, the more complex the task. (4) Time complexity, which refers to the time spent on each operation step in the process of completing the task. (5) Decision complexity, which refers to the cognitive type of each operation step in the process of completing the task. In the present invention, task complexity is a relatively objective data. Quantitative assessment of complexity can help pilots design more suitable flight tasks and guide the design of cockpit human-machine authority allocation, and can obtain more objective conclusions in the evaluation of human-machine ergonomics in aircraft cockpits.
[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, the method comprising: Step 1: Select the task that requires complexity calculation; Step 2: Break down the mission steps according to the standard flight manual; Step 3: Draw a task action flowchart based on the specific steps of the task; Step 4: Determine the number of input and output nodes, node type, operation type, time type, and decision type for each node; Step 5: Calculate the logical complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, Calculate the number of input nodes and output nodes for each node based on the task action flowchart. If two nodes have the same number of input and output nodes, then nodes of this type belong to the same category. Task step logical complexity The calculation formula is (1) in The number of node types, For the first The probability of a class node.
[0027] Step 6: Calculate the complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, Calculate the input and output nodes of each node based on the task action flowchart. If two nodes have the same input and output nodes, then nodes of this type belong to the same category. Number of steps and complexity of tasks The calculation formula is (2) in The number of node types, For the first The probability of a class node.
[0028] Step 7: Calculate the complexity of task steps. ; Specifically, Determine the type of control required for information exchange between the previous node and the next node. When the type of control required to complete the action is 1 (only one of the following: pedals, haptic feedback, stick, rudder, or steering wheel), then... When the action type requires two types of control devices (any two combinations of pedals, tactile feedback, stick, rudder, and steering wheel), then When the action type requires 3 types of controls (any combination of only three: pedals, haptic feedback, stick, rudder, and steering wheel), then If the types of actions required for information exchange between two nodes are the same, then nodes of this type belong to the same category.
[0029] The formula for calculating the complexity of task steps is: (3) in, The nodes involve different types of manipulators; nodes of the same type are considered to be of the same category. For the number of node types, For the first The probability of a class node.
[0030] Step 8: Calculate the time complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, Determine the time type required for information exchange between the previous node and the next node. The time type can be either instantaneous or procedural. An instantaneous time type indicates that the action is completed in an instant, while a procedural time type indicates that the action requires a certain amount of time to complete. When the time type is instantaneous... When the time type is a process type, it is divided into three types according to the length of time required for the process, and can be judged according to the rules.
[0031] Specifically, When the required time ,but ; When the required time ,but ; When the required time ,but ; If the time required for information exchange between two nodes is the same, then these nodes belong to the same category.
[0032] The formula for calculating the time complexity of a task step is: (4) in, Nodes involving time types are classified as the same type of node. The number of node types, For the first The probability of a class node.
[0033] Step 9: Calculate the decision complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, Identify the type of cognitive processing behavior required for information interaction between the previous and next nodes. If the type of cognitive processing behavior required for information interaction is skill-based (unconscious, instinctive reaction), then... When the cognitive processing required for information interaction is rule-based (the pilot processes information after stress, selects the necessary procedures, and performs the task according to the procedures), then... When the cognitive processing required for information interaction is knowledge-based (pilots have no direct procedures to follow after stress, and need to make decisions and execute tasks based on the results of those decisions), then... If the number of cognitive processing behaviors required for information exchange between two nodes is the same, then nodes of this type belong to the same category. Task step decision complexity The calculation formula is (5) in The number of node types, For the first The probability of a class node.
[0034] Step 10: Calculate the logical complexity of the task steps. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step manipulation complexity Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity Weighting of contribution to the overall complexity of the flight mission , , , and ; Specifically, step 10 includes: 1) Construct the judgment matrix Specifically, Invite 10 or more test flight engineers or pilots to assess the logical complexity of the mission steps based on the flight manual and scale tables. Number of task steps and complexity Task steps and operation complexity Task steps and time complexity and task step decision complexity The importance of each pair of objects is compared and scored, and the scaling table is shown in the table below:
[0035] get The judgment matrix of order :
[0036] 2) Perform a consistency check on the judgment matrix. The consistency index is calculated as follows:
[0037]
[0038] In the formula, The random consistency index is a set of reference values for judging consistency, obtained based on statistical laws. (This is determined by referring to a table.) hour, ; It is the largest eigenvalue of the matrix. To determine the order of a matrix.
[0039] like This indicates that the consistency condition is met. Therefore, the judgment matrix needs to be continuously adjusted until the consistency condition is met.
[0040] 3) Calculation of weighting factors The formula for calculating the weighting factor is: (6) get .
[0041] At this point, it can be obtained .
[0042] Step 11: Calculate the complexity of the cockpit human-machine interaction task Specifically, this includes the logical complexity of the task steps. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step manipulation complexity Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity The calculation formula is as follows: (7) In a specific embodiment of an aircraft landing mission: Step 1: Select a task to calculate the complexity of the aircraft landing process; Step 2: Break down the mission steps according to the flight manual; Step 3: According to Figure 3 The table shows the task action flowchart; Step 4: Determine the input and output nodes and their number for each node, such as... Figure 4 ; Step 5: Calculate the logical complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the 10 nodes {4}, {5}, {6}, {8}, {9}, {10}, {11}, {12}, {13}, and {14} all have 1 input node and 1 output node, so they are nodes of the same type; {2} and {7} have the same number of input nodes and output nodes, so they are nodes of the same type; the remaining nodes {1}, {3}, and {15} have different numbers of input and output nodes, so they are nodes of different types.
[0043] Logical complexity of the landing phase tasks for
[0044] Step 6: Calculate the complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the input nodes and output nodes of the two nodes {5} and {6} are the same, and they are nodes of the same type; the remaining 13 nodes have different numbers and types of input and output, and therefore each belongs to a different type of node.
[0045] The number and complexity of mission steps in the landing phase for
[0046] Step 7: Calculate the complexity of task steps. ; Specifically, according to Figure 3 The nodes with manipulation type 1 are {1}, {2}, {5}, {6}, {14}, and {15}; the nodes with manipulation type 2 are {3}, {4}, {7}, {8}, {9}, {10}, {12}, and {13}; and the node with manipulation type 3 is {11}.
[0047] The complexity of the landing phase maneuver is:
[0048] Step 8: Calculate the time complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, according to Figure 3 There are a total of 11 process nodes in the landing phase. Among them, there are 4 nodes with time type 1: {2}, {12}, {14}, and {15}; 5 nodes with time type 2: {4}, {7}, {8}, {10}, and {13}; 2 nodes with operation type 3: {9} and {11}; and the remaining nodes {1}, {3}, {5}, and {6} are instantaneous nodes.
[0049] The time complexity of the landing phase tasks is:
[0050] Step 9: Calculate the decision complexity of the task steps. ; Specifically, according to Figure 3 The nodes with decision type 2 are {1}, {4}, and {11}, while the remaining 13 nodes all have decision type 1.
[0051] Therefore, the complexity of the task steps decision-making during the landing phase The calculation formula is
[0052] Step 10: Calculate the logical complexity of the task steps. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step complexity control Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity Weighting of contribution to the overall complexity of the flight mission , , , and ; Specifically, step 10 includes: 1) Construct the judgment matrix Specifically, Invite 10 or more test flight engineers or pilots to assess the logical complexity of the mission steps based on the flight manual and scale tables. Number of task steps and complexity Task steps and time complexity and task step decision complexity By comparing and scoring the importance of each pair of items, we can obtain... The judgment matrix of order :
[0053] 2) Perform a consistency check on the judgment matrix. According to relevant theories in linear algebra, we can obtain
[0054] According to the formula
[0055]
[0056] The consistency condition is met.
[0057] 3) Calculation of weighting factors The formula for calculating the weighting factor is:
[0058] get .
[0059] At this point, it can be obtained .
[0060] Step 11: Calculate the complexity of the cockpit human-machine interaction task during the landing phase. , can be obtained .
[0061] The above detailed embodiments are a description of the present invention. It should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Select the aircraft cockpit human-computer interaction task that requires complexity calculation; Step 2: Decompose the steps of the aircraft cockpit human-machine interaction task according to the standard flight manual; Step 3: Obtain the task action flowchart based on the specific steps of the decomposed task; Step 4: Determine the input and output nodes and their quantity, operation type, time type, and decision type for each node based on the task action flowchart; Step 5: Classify the nodes according to the number of input / output nodes, node type, operation type, time type, and decision type, and obtain the task step logical complexity based on the classification results. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step manipulation complexity Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity ; Step 6: Determine the logical complexity of the task steps. Task steps, scale, and complexity Task step manipulation complexity Task steps and time complexity Task step decision complexity and their respective weight values , , , and ; Obtain the complexity of the cockpit human-computer interaction task .
2. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Task step logical complexity The calculation formula is: （1） in Logical complexity of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first The probability of a class node; Task step logical complexity Nodes of the same type under the same viewpoint have the same number of input and output nodes.
3. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Task steps complexity The calculation formula is: （2） in The complexity of the number of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first The probability of a class node; Task steps complexity Nodes of the same type in the same view have the same input and output nodes.
4. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Task step manipulation complexity The calculation formula is: （3） in, Manipulate the complexity of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first Probability of class nodes; complexity of task steps Nodes of the same type in the same viewpoint have the same type of manipulator. .
5. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 4, characterized in that, Types of manipulators for each node The value represents the number of manipulator types required to complete the action of this node. Control mechanisms include: pedals, tactile feedback, sticks, rudders, and steering wheels.
6. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Task Step Time Complexity The calculation formula is: （4） in, Time complexity of task steps Number of node types from a given perspective; For the first The probability of a class node; Task Step Time Complexity TC Nodes of the same type from the same perspective have the same time type. ; Time type The value is determined based on the time required to complete the action of that node.
7. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Task step decision complexity The calculation formula is: （5） in, Decision complexity for task steps Number of node types from a given perspective For the first The probability of a class node; Task step decision complexity Nodes of the same type from the same perspective have the same decision type. ; Decision types The cognitive processing behavior type required to complete the action at this node; when the cognitive processing behavior type is the pilot's unconscious instinctive reaction, then... When the cognitive processing behavior type involves the pilot processing information after stress, selecting the necessary procedures, and then executing the task according to those procedures, then... When the cognitive processing behavior type is that of a pilot experiencing stress, there are no direct procedures to apply, and decision-making and judgment are required to execute the task based on the decision results, then... .
8. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, ； in, , for The judgment matrix of order The elements in represent relatively The degree of importance; 。 9. The method for obtaining the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Cockpit human-computer interaction task complexity The calculation formula is as follows: （6）。 10. A device for acquiring the complexity of human-computer interaction tasks in an aircraft cockpit, characterized in that, Used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.