Self-luminous display device and driving method
By setting multiple independently controlled light-emitting units within the sub-pixels of a self-emissive display and using a light-collecting prism to achieve viewing angle switching, the problems of contrast, color gamut, and lifespan are solved, thereby improving the performance and reliability of the display.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KUSN INFOVISION OPTOELECTRONICS
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing self-emissive displays have low contrast, color gamut, and lifespan, and dead pixels are caused by damaged LEDs, resulting in a short lifespan.
Multiple independently controlled light-emitting units with the same or different chromaticity are set in each sub-pixel. The brightness and color gamut of the sub-pixel are adjusted by controlling the brightness and number of the light-emitting units, and the wide and narrow viewing angles are switched by using a light-collecting prism.
It improves the contrast and color gamut of the self-emissive display, extends its lifespan, and allows it to maintain normal display through other units even if a single light-emitting unit fails.
Smart Images
Figure CN122050293A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of self-emissive display technology, and in particular to a self-emissive display device and driving method. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of the information age, the application of displays has become increasingly widespread and diversified, and various display technologies have also flourished. Self-emissive displays are the next generation of displays after LCD (liquid crystal display). They have the advantages of good picture quality, small size, light weight, low driving voltage, low power consumption, fast response time, no radiation, and relatively low manufacturing cost. Their development and application are becoming increasingly widespread. Examples of self-emissive displays include OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) displays and Micro LED (Micro Light Emitting Diode) displays.
[0003] Self-emissive displays (SEMs) incorporate three colors: red, green, and blue. In a display, the colors of the displayed image are changed by altering the intensity of these three-color LEDs, thus achieving color display. When all three colors are bright, white can be displayed. Different intensities display different colors. Therefore, RGB pixels are periodically arranged on the display substrate to achieve surface display. However, the brightness adjustment of LEDs in existing SEMs is limited, making it difficult to further improve the contrast and color gamut of SEMs. Furthermore, in existing SEMs, each sub-pixel corresponds to only one LED; when this LED fails, the sub-pixel cannot display properly, resulting in dead pixels and a shorter lifespan. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a self-emissive display device and driving method to solve the problems of low contrast, color gamut and lifespan of self-emissive displays in the prior art.
[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The present invention provides a self-emissive display device, including a substrate and a plurality of light-emitting units having different luminous hues disposed on the substrate. The self-emissive display device has a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array. Each pixel unit includes a plurality of sub-pixels with different luminous hues. Each sub-pixel has a plurality of light-emitting units with the same luminous hue that are independently controlled. The luminous brightness of each sub-pixel is controlled by controlling the luminous brightness and / or the number of light-emitting units in each sub-pixel.
[0006] Furthermore, the plurality of light-emitting units include a first hue light-emitting unit, a second hue light-emitting unit, and a third hue light-emitting unit. Each pixel unit includes a first hue sub-pixel, a second hue sub-pixel, and a third hue sub-pixel. Each first hue sub-pixel has a plurality of independently controlled first hue light-emitting units, each second hue sub-pixel has a plurality of independently controlled second hue light-emitting units, and each third hue sub-pixel has a plurality of independently controlled third hue light-emitting units.
[0007] Furthermore, the first hue is blue, and one of the second and third hues is red, while the other is green; Alternatively, the first hue is red, and one of the second and third hues is blue, while the other is green; Alternatively, the first hue is green, and one of the second and third hues is red, while the other is blue.
[0008] Furthermore, the chromaticity of the plurality of light-emitting units within each sub-pixel is the same; or, the chromaticity of the plurality of light-emitting units within each sub-pixel is different.
[0009] Furthermore, a first light-collecting prism is provided on the substrate. The first light-collecting prism is located on the side of the light-emitting unit away from the substrate. The first light-collecting prism includes a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer stacked on top of each other. The first refractive layer includes a plurality of first protrusion structures, and the first protrusion structures correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit within each sub-pixel.
[0010] Furthermore, a second light-collecting prism is provided on the substrate. The second light-collecting prism is located on the side of the light-emitting unit away from the substrate. The light-collecting direction of the first light-collecting prism is perpendicular to the light-collecting direction of the second light-collecting prism. The second light-collecting prism includes a third refractive layer and a fourth refractive layer stacked on top of each other. The third refractive layer includes a plurality of second protrusion structures. The second protrusion structures correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit within each sub-pixel.
[0011] Furthermore, each sub-pixel has a light-emitting unit that corresponds only to the first protrusion structure, a light-emitting unit that corresponds only to the second protrusion structure, a light-emitting unit that corresponds to both the first and second protrusion structures, and a light-emitting unit that does not correspond to either the first or second protrusion structure.
[0012] Furthermore, the light-emitting units corresponding to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure in each sub-pixel are the first group of light-emitting units, and the light-emitting units in each sub-pixel that do not correspond to the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure are the second group of light-emitting units. The number and color type of the light-emitting units in the first group of light-emitting units and the second group of light-emitting units in each sub-pixel are the same.
[0013] This application also provides a driving method for a self-emissive display device, used to drive the self-emissive display device as described above, the driving method comprising: When the sub-pixel emits light, the luminance and / or the number of light-emitting units in each sub-pixel are controlled to control the luminance of each sub-pixel.
[0014] Furthermore, the substrate is provided with a first light-collecting prism and a second light-collecting prism. Both the first and second light-collecting prisms are located on the side of the light-emitting unit away from the substrate. The light-collecting direction of the first light-collecting prism is perpendicular to the light-collecting direction of the second light-collecting prism. The first light-collecting prism includes a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer stacked on top of each other. The first refractive layer includes a plurality of first protrusion structures, each of which corresponds to a portion of the light-emitting unit within each sub-pixel. The second light-collecting prism includes a third refractive layer and a fourth refractive layer stacked on top of each other. The third refractive layer includes a plurality of second protrusion structures, each of which corresponds to a portion of the light-emitting unit within each sub-pixel. The driving method includes: In wide viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units corresponding to the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure are controlled not to emit light, and the light-emitting units corresponding to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure are controlled to be turned off; In narrow viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units corresponding to the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure are not turned off, and the light-emitting units corresponding to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure are controlled to emit light.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application sets multiple light-emitting units with the same luminous hue and independent controllability in each sub-pixel. By controlling the luminous brightness and / or the number of light-emitting units in each sub-pixel, the luminous brightness of each sub-pixel can be controlled, thereby increasing the grayscale brightness of each sub-pixel, thereby increasing the contrast and color gamut of the self-emissive display device. Moreover, when some light-emitting units in each sub-pixel are damaged, other light-emitting units can still be used to emit light, thereby increasing the service life of the self-emissive display device. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 3 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 5 This is the third schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 8 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 9 This is the second schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 10 This is the third schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 11 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 12 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 13 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 14 This is the seventh schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the first light-collecting prism in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0032] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0033] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in wide viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0034] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in narrow viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0036] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0037] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in wide viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0038] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in the first narrow viewing angle mode in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0039] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in the second narrow viewing angle mode in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0040] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in the third narrow viewing angle mode in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0041] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
[0042] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment Six of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0043] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, provides a detailed explanation of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the self-emissive display device and driving method proposed according to the present invention: [Example 1] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a self-emissive display device 10 is provided. The self-emissive display device 10 can be a Micro LED (micro light-emitting diode) display. The self-emissive display device 10 includes a substrate 11, a control circuit layer 12 disposed on the substrate 11, and multiple light-emitting units 13 with different luminous hues disposed on the substrate 11. The control circuit layer 12 is used to control the light-emitting units 13 to emit light of corresponding colors. Optionally, the self-emissive display device 10 further includes a protective layer 14, which covers the side of the light-emitting units 13 away from the substrate 11 to protect the self-emissive display device 10. As for other structures of the MicroLED display (e.g., scan lines, data lines, thin-film transistors, etc.), please refer to the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.
[0045] The self-emissive display device 10 has multiple pixel units P arranged in an array. Each pixel unit P includes multiple sub-pixels with different luminous hues. Each sub-pixel has multiple light-emitting units 13 with the same luminous hue and independently controlled. The luminous brightness of each sub-pixel is controlled by controlling the luminous brightness and / or the number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel. By controlling the luminous brightness and / or the number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel, the luminous brightness of each sub-pixel can be increased, thereby increasing the contrast and color gamut of the self-emissive display device 10. Furthermore, even if some light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are damaged, other light-emitting units 13 can still be used to emit light, thereby increasing the lifespan of the self-emissive display device 10.
[0046] In this embodiment, the plurality of light-emitting units 13 include a first hue light-emitting unit 131, a second hue light-emitting unit 132, and a third hue light-emitting unit 133. Each pixel unit P includes a first hue sub-pixel P1, a second hue sub-pixel P2, and a third hue sub-pixel P3. Each first hue sub-pixel P1 has a plurality of independently controlled first hue light-emitting units 131, each second hue sub-pixel P2 has a plurality of independently controlled second hue light-emitting units 132, and each third hue sub-pixel P3 has a plurality of independently controlled third hue light-emitting units 133.
[0047] Optionally, the first hue, the second hue, and the third hue are each one of red, green, and blue. In this embodiment, the first hue is blue, one of the second and third hues is red, and the other is green; for example, the first hue is blue, the second hue is red, and the third hue is green; or, the first hue is blue, the third hue is red, and the second hue is green. In another embodiment, the first hue can be red, one of the second and third hues is blue, and the other is green; for example, the first hue is red, the second hue is blue, and the third hue is green; or, the first hue is red, the third hue is blue, and the second hue is green. In yet another embodiment, the first hue is green, one of the second and third hues is red, and the other is blue; for example, the first hue is green, the second hue is red, and the third hue is blue; or, the first hue is green, the third hue is red, and the second hue is blue.
[0048] In this embodiment, the chromaticity of the multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel is the same, that is, the color of the multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel is the same (i.e., both hue and chromaticity are the same). For example, the light-emitting colors of the multiple first-hue light-emitting units 131 within each first-hue sub-pixel P1 are the same, the light-emitting colors of the multiple second-hue light-emitting units 132 within each second-hue sub-pixel P2 are the same, and the light-emitting colors of the multiple third-hue light-emitting units 133 within each third-hue sub-pixel P3 are the same.
[0049] Optionally, multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are arranged along the column direction, and multiple sub-pixels within each pixel unit P are arranged along the row direction. For example, each pixel unit P has three sub-pixels, namely a first hue sub-pixel P1, a second hue sub-pixel P2, and a third hue sub-pixel P3. Each sub-pixel has three light-emitting units 13, that is, each first hue sub-pixel P1 has three first hue light-emitting units 131, each second hue sub-pixel P2 has three second hue light-emitting units 132, and each third hue sub-pixel P3 has three third hue light-emitting units 133. The three sub-pixels are arranged along the row direction within each pixel unit P, and the three light-emitting units 13 are arranged along the column direction within each sub-pixel, that is, the three first hue light-emitting units 131 are arranged along the column direction within each first hue sub-pixel P1, the three second hue light-emitting units 132 are arranged along the column direction within each second hue sub-pixel P2, and the three third hue light-emitting units 133 are arranged along the column direction within each third hue sub-pixel P3. Of course, in other embodiments, the multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel can also be arranged along the row direction, and the multiple sub-pixels within each pixel unit P can be arranged along the column direction. Alternatively, the number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel can also be set to other numbers, such as two, four, or five, which can be increased or decreased as needed.
[0050] This embodiment also provides a driving method for a self-emissive display device, used to drive the self-emissive display device 10 as described above, the driving method comprising: When a sub-pixel emits light, the brightness and / or number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are controlled to control the brightness of each sub-pixel.
[0051] Figure 3 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the self-emissive display device in the bright state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. For example... Figure 3 As shown, under low brightness and low power consumption conditions, only one light-emitting unit 13 within each sub-pixel can be turned on for illumination. The brightness of the sub-pixel can be controlled by adjusting the brightness of the light-emitting unit 13 within each sub-pixel. For example, only one first-hue light-emitting unit 131 can be controlled to emit light within each first-hue sub-pixel P1, only one second-hue light-emitting unit 132 can be controlled to emit light within each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and only one third-hue light-emitting unit 133 can be controlled to emit light within each third-hue sub-pixel P3. The low brightness and low power consumption settings can be used in indoor environments or when the ambient light is dim. Multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel can emit light alternately, saving power and extending the lifespan of the light-emitting units 13, while also allowing for synchronous and normal display.
[0052] Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, under medium brightness and medium power consumption, only two light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel can be turned on for illumination. The brightness of the sub-pixel can be controlled by adjusting the brightness of these two light-emitting units 13. For example, only two first-hue light-emitting units 131 can be controlled to illuminate within each first-hue sub-pixel P1, only two second-hue light-emitting units 132 can be controlled to illuminate within each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and only two third-hue light-emitting units 133 can be controlled to illuminate within each third-hue sub-pixel P3. Medium brightness and medium power consumption allow for alternating illumination of multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel in bright ambient light conditions, saving power and extending the lifespan of the light-emitting units 13, while also ensuring synchronized normal display.
[0053] Figure 5 This is the third schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 5As shown, under high brightness and high power consumption conditions, all light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are activated to emit light. The brightness of that sub-pixel is controlled by adjusting the brightness of all light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel. For example, all first-hue light-emitting units 131 within each first-hue sub-pixel P1 are controlled to emit light, all second-hue light-emitting units 132 within each second-hue sub-pixel P2 are controlled to emit light, and all third-hue light-emitting units 133 within each third-hue sub-pixel P3 are controlled to emit light. The high brightness and high power consumption settings allow for a high-brightness mode to be implemented when ambient light is very bright, meeting user needs.
[0054] [Example 2] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the self-emissive display device and driving method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention are the same as those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 5 The self-emissive display devices and driving methods in the above are basically the same, the difference being: In this embodiment, the chromaticity of the multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel is different; that is, the hue of the multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel is the same, but the chromaticity is different. Taking blue as the first hue, red as the second hue, and green as the third hue as an example, the three first hue light-emitting units 131 within each first hue sub-pixel P1 are a first blue light-emitting unit 131a, a second blue light-emitting unit 131b, and a third blue light-emitting unit 131c, respectively; the three second hue light-emitting units 132 within each second hue sub-pixel P2 are a first red light-emitting unit 132a, a second red light-emitting unit 132b, and a third red light-emitting unit 132c, respectively; and the three third hue light-emitting units 133 within each third hue sub-pixel P3 are a first green light-emitting unit 133a, a second green light-emitting unit 133b, and a third green light-emitting unit 133c, respectively. The first blue light-emitting unit 131a, the second blue light-emitting unit 131b, and the third blue light-emitting unit 131c can each emit blue light of different chromaticities, that is, they can each emit blue light of different wavelengths. Similarly, the first red light-emitting unit 132a, the second red light-emitting unit 132b, and the third red light-emitting unit 132c can each emit red light of different chromaticities, that is, they can each emit red light of different wavelengths. Likewise, the first green light-emitting unit 133a, the second green light-emitting unit 133b, and the third green light-emitting unit 133c can each emit green light of different chromaticities, that is, they can each emit green light of different wavelengths. By controlling the luminous brightness and / or the number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel, the luminous color gamut of each sub-pixel is increased.
[0055] This embodiment also provides a driving method for a self-emissive display device, used to drive the self-emissive display device 10 as described above, the driving method comprising: When a sub-pixel emits light, the brightness and / or number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are controlled to control the brightness of each sub-pixel.
[0056] Figure 8 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 9 This is the second schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 10 This is the third schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figures 8 to 10As shown, under low brightness and low power consumption conditions, only one light-emitting unit 13 within each sub-pixel can be turned on for illumination. The brightness of the sub-pixel can be controlled by adjusting the brightness of this single light-emitting unit 13. For example, only one first-hue light-emitting unit 131 can be controlled to emit light within each first-hue sub-pixel P1, only one second-hue light-emitting unit 132 can be controlled to emit light within each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and only one third-hue light-emitting unit 133 can be controlled to emit light within each third-hue sub-pixel P3. Figure 8 As shown, each first hue sub-pixel P1 controls only the first blue light-emitting unit 131a to emit light, each second hue sub-pixel P2 controls only the first red light-emitting unit 132a to emit light, and each third hue sub-pixel P3 controls only the first green light-emitting unit 133a to emit light. Figure 9 As shown, each first-hue sub-pixel P1 controls only the second blue light-emitting unit 131b to emit light, each second-hue sub-pixel P2 controls only the second red light-emitting unit 132b to emit light, and each third-hue sub-pixel P3 controls only the second green light-emitting unit 133b to emit light. Figure 10 As shown, only the third blue light-emitting unit 131c is controlled to emit light in each first hue sub-pixel P1, only the third red light-emitting unit 132c is controlled to emit light in each second hue sub-pixel P2, and only the third green light-emitting unit 133c is controlled to emit light in each third hue sub-pixel P3. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment, under low brightness and low power consumption, can control each sub-pixel to have a different color gamut by controlling the activation of different individual light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel. Therefore, the color gamut of the self-emissive display device 10 can be adjusted by changing the emission of different individual light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel.
[0057] Figure 11 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 12 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 13 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figures 11 to 13 As shown, under medium brightness and medium power consumption, only two light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel can be turned on for illumination. The brightness of the sub-pixel can be controlled by adjusting the brightness of these two light-emitting units 13. For example, only two first-hue light-emitting units 131 can be controlled to emit light within each first-hue sub-pixel P1, only two second-hue light-emitting units 132 can be controlled to emit light within each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and only two third-hue light-emitting units 133 can be controlled to emit light within each third-hue sub-pixel P3. Figure 11As shown, each first hue sub-pixel P1 contains a first blue light-emitting unit 131a and a second blue light-emitting unit 131b for emitting light; each second hue sub-pixel P2 controls the first red light-emitting unit 132a and a second red light-emitting unit 132b for emitting light; and each third hue sub-pixel P3 controls the first green light-emitting unit 133a and a second green light-emitting unit 133b for emitting light. Figure 12 As shown, in each first hue sub-pixel P1, only the second blue emitting unit 131b and the third blue emitting unit 131c are controlled to emit light; in each second hue sub-pixel P2, the second red emitting unit 132b and the third red emitting unit 132c are controlled to emit light; and in each third hue sub-pixel P3, the second green emitting unit 133b and the third green emitting unit 133c are controlled to emit light. Figure 13 As shown, each first hue sub-pixel P1 controls the first blue light-emitting unit 131a and the third blue light-emitting unit 131c to emit light, each second hue sub-pixel P2 controls the first red light-emitting unit 132a and the third red light-emitting unit 132c to emit light, and each third hue sub-pixel P3 controls the first green light-emitting unit 133a and the third green light-emitting unit 133c to emit light. Compared to Embodiment 1, this embodiment, at medium brightness and medium power consumption, controls each sub-pixel to have a different color gamut by controlling the activation of two different light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel. Therefore, the color gamut of the self-emissive display device 10 can be adjusted by changing the activation of the two different light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel.
[0058] Figure 14 This is the seventh schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the bright state according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 14 As shown, under high brightness and high power consumption conditions, all light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are activated to emit light. The brightness of the sub-pixel is controlled by adjusting the brightness of all light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel. For example, all first-hue light-emitting units 131 within each first-hue sub-pixel P1 are controlled to emit light, all second-hue light-emitting units 132 within each second-hue sub-pixel P2 are controlled to emit light, and all third-hue light-emitting units 133 within each third-hue sub-pixel P3 are controlled to emit light. Under high brightness and high power consumption conditions, since all light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel emit light, only a fixed color gamut is achieved.
[0059] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
[0060] [Example 3] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the first light-collecting prism in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figures 15 to 17 As shown, the self-emissive display device and driving method provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention are the same as those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 5 Example 2 Figures 6 to 14 The self-emissive display devices and driving methods in the above are basically the same, the difference being: In this embodiment, a first light-collecting prism 15 is provided on the substrate 11. The first light-collecting prism 15 is located on the side of the light-emitting unit 13 away from the substrate 11. The first light-collecting prism 15 includes a first refractive layer 151 and a second refractive layer 152 stacked on top of each other. The first refractive layer 151 includes a plurality of first protrusion structures, and the first protrusion structures correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit 13 within each sub-pixel. The first light-collecting prism 15 has a light-converging effect at the first protrusion structures, and the cross-section of the first protrusion structure can be a semi-circular, inverted triangular, inverted trapezoidal, or other shapes.
[0061] In this embodiment, multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are arranged along the column direction, and multiple sub-pixels within each pixel unit P are arranged along the row direction. The first protrusion structures are arranged along the row direction and correspond to a row of light-emitting units 13. For example, each first protrusion structure corresponds to one first-hue light-emitting unit 131 within each first-hue sub-pixel P1, one second-hue light-emitting unit 132 within each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and one third-hue light-emitting unit 133 within each third-hue sub-pixel P3. This ensures that each sub-pixel contains one light-emitting unit 13 corresponding to the first protrusion structure, achieving a light-receiving effect.
[0062] Optionally, the light-emitting unit 13 corresponding to the first protrusion structure in each sub-pixel is the first group of light-emitting units, and the light-emitting unit 13 in each sub-pixel that does not correspond to the first protrusion structure is the second group of light-emitting units, thereby controlling the light-emitting units 13 in the first group of light-emitting units or the second group of light-emitting units to emit light, so as to achieve the switching of wide and narrow viewing angles.
[0063] Optionally, the first light-receiving prism 15 is located between the light-emitting unit 13 and the protective layer 14, and the first refractive layer 151 is located on the side of the second refractive layer 152 closer to the protective layer 14. The first protrusion structure of the first refractive layer 151 protrudes towards the substrate 11. The first refractive layer 151 and the second refractive layer 152 are made of resin materials with different refractive indices, such as UV adhesives, OCs, or photoresists with different refractive indices, coated and cured. The refractive index of the second refractive layer 152 is less than that of the first refractive layer 151, and the difference in refractive index between the first and second refractive layers 151 is 0.15 to 0.4. Utilizing the principle of light refraction, when the light emitted from the light-emitting unit 13 passes through the first light-receiving prism 15, refraction occurs, and the emitted light is focused and collected. The peak-to-valley difference of the first protrusion structure is ≥10µm, and 10µm ≤ the width of the first protrusion structure ≤ the width of the sub-pixel. Of course, in other embodiments, the second refractive layer 152 can also be disposed on the side of the first refractive layer 151 near the protective layer 14, with the first protrusion structure of the first refractive layer 151 protruding towards the protective layer 14, and the refractive index of the second refractive layer 152 set to be greater than that of the first refractive layer 151, which can also achieve the effect of converging and collecting light. The protective layer 14 can be made of a rigid material, such as glass. When making the first light-collecting prism 15, UV adhesive (acrylate) or OC material can be coated on the protective layer 14 first, with a film thickness of ≥10um; then the designed first protrusion structure is imprinted using a mold, and cured after imprinting; finally, a planarization layer material is coated.
[0064] This embodiment also provides a driving method for a self-emissive display device, used to drive the self-emissive display device 10 as described above, the driving method comprising: When a sub-pixel emits light, the brightness and / or number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are controlled to control the brightness of each sub-pixel.
[0065] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in wide viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 18 As shown, in wide-viewing-angle mode, the light-emitting unit 13 that does not correspond to the first protrusion structure is controlled to emit light, and the light-emitting unit 13 that corresponds to the first protrusion structure is controlled to turn off. That is, all the light-emitting units 13 in the first group of light-emitting units are controlled to turn off, and at least one of the light-emitting units 13 in the second group of light-emitting units is controlled to emit light, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting unit 13 in the sub-pixel does not pass through the first protrusion structure, thus presenting a wide-viewing-angle effect.
[0066] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in narrow viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 19As shown, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units 13 not corresponding to the first protruding structure are controlled to turn off, while the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first protruding structure are controlled to emit light. That is, at least one light-emitting unit 13 in the first group of light-emitting units is controlled to emit light, and all light-emitting units 13 in the second group of light-emitting units are controlled to turn off, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting units 13 in the sub-pixel passes through the first protruding structure and converges to achieve a narrow viewing angle effect.
[0067] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.
[0068] [Example 4] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown, the self-emissive display device and driving method provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention are similar to those in Embodiment 3. Figures 15 to 19 The self-emissive display devices and driving methods in the above are basically the same, the difference being: In this embodiment, a second light-collecting prism 16 is provided on the substrate 11. The second light-collecting prism 16 is located on the side of the light-emitting unit 13 away from the substrate 11. The light-collecting direction of the first light-collecting prism 15 is perpendicular to the light-collecting direction of the second light-collecting prism 16. The first light-collecting prism 15 collects light horizontally, while the second light-collecting prism 16 collects light vertically. The second light-collecting prism 16 includes a third refractive layer 161 and a fourth refractive layer 162 stacked on top of each other. The third refractive layer 161 includes a plurality of second protrusion structures, each of which corresponds to a portion of the light-emitting unit 13 within each sub-pixel. The second light-collecting prism 16 has a light-converging effect at the second protrusion structures, and the cross-section of the second protrusion structure can be a semi-circular, inverted triangular, inverted trapezoidal, or other shapes.
[0069] In this embodiment, multiple light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are arranged along the column direction, multiple sub-pixels within each pixel unit P are arranged along the row direction, and the second protrusion structure is arranged along the column direction and corresponds to a row of light-emitting units 13. Optionally, each sub-pixel has light-emitting units 13 that correspond only to the first protrusion structure, light-emitting units 13 that correspond only to the second protrusion structure, light-emitting units 13 that correspond to both the first and second protrusion structures, and light-emitting units 13 that do not correspond to either the first or second protrusion structure, i.e., each sub-pixel has at least four light-emitting units 13. For example, the first protrusion structure corresponds to two first-hue light-emitting units 131 within each first-hue sub-pixel P1, two second-hue light-emitting units 132 within each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and two third-hue light-emitting units 133 within each third-hue sub-pixel P3. The second protruding structure corresponds to two first-hue light-emitting units 131 in each first-hue sub-pixel P1, two second-hue light-emitting units 132 in each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and two third-hue light-emitting units 133 in each third-hue sub-pixel P3. Specifically, one first-hue light-emitting unit 131 in each first-hue sub-pixel P1, one second-hue light-emitting unit 132 in each second-hue sub-pixel P2, and one third-hue light-emitting unit 133 in each third-hue sub-pixel P3 all correspond to the first and second protruding structures. This ensures that each sub-pixel contains one light-emitting unit 13 that corresponds only to the first protruding structure, achieving left-right light collection; each sub-pixel contains one light-emitting unit 13 that corresponds only to the second protruding structure, achieving up-down light collection; each sub-pixel contains one light-emitting unit 13 that corresponds to both the first and second protruding structures, achieving up-down and left-right light collection; and each sub-pixel contains one light-emitting unit 13 that does not correspond to either the first or second protruding structure, achieving a wide viewing angle.
[0070] In this embodiment, the light-emitting unit 13 corresponding to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure within each sub-pixel is the first group of light-emitting units, and the light-emitting unit 13 within each sub-pixel that does not correspond to the first or second protrusion structure is the second group of light-emitting units. This controls the light-emitting units 13 in either the first or second group of light-emitting units to emit light, thereby achieving switching between wide and narrow viewing angles. Since each sub-pixel has light-emitting units 13 corresponding only to the first protrusion structure, light-emitting units 13 corresponding only to the second protrusion structure, and light-emitting units corresponding to both the first and second protrusion structures, this embodiment provides three narrow viewing angle effects.
[0071] Optionally, the second light-receiving prism 16 is located between the first light-receiving prism 15 and the protective layer 14, and the second protrusion structure of the second light-receiving prism 16 protrudes towards the side of the substrate 11. The third refractive layer 161 and the fourth refractive layer 162 are made of resin materials with different refractive indices, such as UV adhesives, OC or photoresists, etc., with different refractive indices, coated and cured. The refractive index of the fourth refractive layer 162 is less than that of the third refractive layer 161, and the refractive index difference between the third refractive layer 161 and the fourth refractive layer 162 is 0.15 to 0.4. Utilizing the principle of light refraction, when the light emitted from the light-emitting unit 13 passes through the second light-receiving prism 16, refraction occurs, and the emitted light is focused and collected. The peak-to-valley difference of the second protrusion structure is ≥10µm, and 10µm ≤ the width of the first protrusion structure ≤ the width of the sub-pixel. Of course, in other embodiments, the fourth refractive layer 162 can also be disposed on the side of the third refractive layer 161 near the protective layer 14, with the second protrusion structure of the third refractive layer 161 protruding towards the protective layer 14, and the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer 162 set to be greater than that of the third refractive layer 161, which can also achieve the effect of converging and collecting light. The protective layer 14 can be made of a hard material, such as glass. When making the second light-collecting prism 16, UV adhesive (acrylate) or OC material can be coated on the protective layer 14 first, with a film thickness of ≥10um; then the designed second protrusion structure can be imprinted using a mold, and cured after imprinting; finally, a planarization layer material can be coated. After the second light-collecting prism 16 is made, the first light-collecting prism 15 is then made.
[0072] This embodiment also provides a driving method for a self-emissive display device, used to drive the self-emissive display device 10 as described above, the driving method comprising: When a sub-pixel emits light, the brightness and / or number of light-emitting units 13 within each sub-pixel are controlled to control the brightness of each sub-pixel.
[0073] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in wide viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 22 As shown, in wide-viewing-angle mode, the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first and second protruding structures are controlled not to emit light, and the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first and / or second protruding structures are controlled to be turned off. That is, all the light-emitting units 13 in the first group of light-emitting units are controlled to be turned off, and at least one of the light-emitting units 13 in the second group of light-emitting units is controlled to emit light, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting units 13 in the sub-pixel does not pass through the first and second protruding structures, thus presenting a wide-viewing-angle effect.
[0074] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the first narrow viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 23As shown, in the first narrow viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units 13 not corresponding to the first protruding structure are controlled to turn off, while the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first protruding structure are controlled to emit light. That is, the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first protruding structure in the first group of light-emitting units are controlled to emit light, and the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the second protruding structure in the first group of light-emitting units and all the light-emitting units 13 in the second group of light-emitting units are controlled to turn off, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting units 13 in the sub-pixel passes through the first protruding structure and achieves convergence and collection of light from left and right, so as to present a narrow viewing angle effect on the left and right sides.
[0075] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the second narrow viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 24 As shown, in the second narrow viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units 13 not corresponding to the second protruding structure are controlled to turn off, while the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the second protruding structure are controlled to emit light. That is, the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the second protruding structure in the first group of light-emitting units are controlled to emit light, and the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first protruding structure in the first group of light-emitting units and all the light-emitting units 13 in the second group of light-emitting units are controlled to turn off, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting units 13 in the sub-pixel passes through the second protruding structure and achieves convergence and collection of light from top to bottom, so as to present a narrow viewing angle effect from top to bottom.
[0076] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the self-emissive display device in the third narrow viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 25 As shown, in the third narrow viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first and second protruding structures are controlled to be turned off simultaneously, while the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first and second protruding structures are controlled to emit light simultaneously. That is, the light-emitting units 13 corresponding to the first and second protruding structures in the first group of light-emitting units are controlled to emit light simultaneously, and the light-emitting units 13 corresponding only to the first protruding structure, the light-emitting units 13 corresponding only to the second protruding structure, and all the light-emitting units 13 in the second group of light-emitting units are controlled to be turned off. This allows the light emitted by the light-emitting units 13 in the sub-pixel to pass through the first and second protruding structures and converge and collect light in all directions to present a narrow viewing angle effect.
[0077] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 3, and will not be repeated here.
[0078] [Example 5] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Figure 26As shown, the self-emissive display device and driving method provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention are similar to those in Embodiment 3. Figures 15 to 19 Example 4 Figures 20 to 25 The self-emissive display devices and driving methods in the above are basically the same, the difference being: Because Embodiments 3 and 4 exhibit both wide and narrow viewing angles, and the number of light-emitting units 13 in the first and second groups of light-emitting units differs, differences in brightness and color gamut occur at wide and narrow viewing angles. To ensure that the wide and narrow viewing angle effects do not affect the contrast and color gamut of the self-emissive display device 10, in this embodiment, the number and color types of light-emitting units 13 in both the first and second groups of light-emitting units within each sub-pixel are the same, thereby ensuring that the contrast and color gamut are identical at both wide and narrow viewing angles.
[0079] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiments 3 and 4, and will not be repeated here.
[0080] [Example 6] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-emissive display device in Embodiment Six of the present invention. Figure 27 As shown, the self-emissive display device and driving method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention are the same as those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 5 Example 2 Figures 6 to 14 Example 3 Figures 15 to 19 Example 4 Figures 20 to 25 Example 5 Figure 26 The self-emissive display devices and driving methods in the above are basically the same, the difference being: In this embodiment, the self-emissive display device 10 is an OLED display (Organic Light-Emitting Diode). The self-emissive display device 10 includes a substrate 11, an anode 171 and a cathode 172 disposed on the substrate 11, and a light-emitting unit 13 located between the anode 171 and the cathode 172. By applying corresponding electrical signals to the anode 171 and the cathode 172, the corresponding light-emitting unit 13 is controlled to emit light. The substrate 11 can be made of transparent materials such as glass, acrylic, and polycarbonate. The anode 171 and cathode 172 can be made of materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), and the light-emitting unit 13 uses organic light-emitting materials. Optionally, a circular polarizer 18 can be disposed on the side of the self-emissive display device 10 closest to the external environment. The circular polarizer 18 can reduce the reflection of ambient light by the anode 171 and the cathode 172 to improve the display effect. Other structures of the OLED display panel (such as scan lines, data lines, thin-film transistors, etc.) can be found in existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.
[0081] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, Embodiment 4, and Embodiment 5, and will not be repeated here.
[0082] In this document, the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, and back are defined according to the position of the structures in the accompanying drawings and the relative positions of the structures, and are only used for clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application. It should also be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., used herein are only used for distinction in name and are not used to limit the number or order.
[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which are equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A self-emissive display device, characterized in that, The self-emissive display device includes a substrate (11) and multiple light-emitting units (13) with different luminous hues disposed on the substrate (11). The self-emissive display device has multiple pixel units (P) arranged in an array. Each pixel unit (P) includes multiple sub-pixels with different luminous hues. Each sub-pixel has multiple light-emitting units (13) with the same luminous hue and independently controlled. The luminous brightness of each sub-pixel is controlled by controlling the luminous brightness and / or the number of light-emitting units (13) in each sub-pixel.
2. The self-emissive display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of light-emitting units (13) include a first hue light-emitting unit (131), a second hue light-emitting unit (132), and a third hue light-emitting unit (133). Each pixel unit (P) includes a first hue sub-pixel (P1), a second hue sub-pixel (P2), and a third hue sub-pixel (P3). Each first hue sub-pixel (P1) has a plurality of independently controlled first hue light-emitting units (131), each second hue sub-pixel (P2) has a plurality of independently controlled second hue light-emitting units (132), and each third hue sub-pixel (P3) has a plurality of independently controlled third hue light-emitting units (133).
3. The self-emissive display device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first hue is blue, and one of the second and third hues is red, while the other is green; Alternatively, the first hue is red, and one of the second and third hues is blue, while the other is green; Alternatively, the first hue is green, and one of the second and third hues is red, while the other is blue.
4. The self-emissive display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chromaticity of the plurality of light-emitting units (13) within each sub-pixel is the same; or, the chromaticity of the plurality of light-emitting units (13) within each sub-pixel is different.
5. The self-emissive display device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The substrate (11) is provided with a first light-collecting prism (15), which is located on the side of the light-emitting unit (13) away from the substrate (11). The first light-collecting prism (15) includes a first refractive layer (151) and a second refractive layer (152) stacked on each other. The first refractive layer (151) includes a plurality of first protrusion structures, which correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit (13) in each sub-pixel.
6. The self-emissive display device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The substrate (11) is provided with a second light-collecting prism (16), which is located on the side of the light-emitting unit (13) away from the substrate (11). The light-collecting direction of the first light-collecting prism (15) is perpendicular to the light-collecting direction of the second light-collecting prism (16). The second light-collecting prism (16) includes a third refractive layer (161) and a fourth refractive layer (162) stacked on each other. The third refractive layer (161) includes a plurality of second protrusion structures, which correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit (13) within each sub-pixel.
7. The self-emissive display device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the sub-pixels has a light-emitting unit (13) that corresponds only to the first protrusion structure, a light-emitting unit (13) that corresponds only to the second protrusion structure, a light-emitting unit (13) that corresponds to both the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure, and a light-emitting unit (13) that does not correspond to either the first protrusion structure or the second protrusion structure.
8. The self-emissive display device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The light-emitting unit (13) in each sub-pixel that corresponds to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure is the first group of light-emitting units, and the light-emitting unit (13) in each sub-pixel that does not correspond to the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure is the second group of light-emitting units. The number and color type of the light-emitting units (13) in the first group of light-emitting units and the second group of light-emitting units in each sub-pixel are the same.
9. A driving method for a self-emissive display device, characterized in that, The driving method for driving the self-emissive display device as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes: When the sub-pixel emits light, the luminance and / or the number of light-emitting units (13) in each sub-pixel are controlled to control the luminance of each sub-pixel.
10. The driving method for the self-emissive display device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The substrate (11) is provided with a first light-collecting prism (15) and a second light-collecting prism (16). The first light-collecting prism (15) and the second light-collecting prism (16) are both located on the side of the light-emitting unit (13) away from the substrate (11). The light-collecting direction of the first light-collecting prism (15) is perpendicular to the light-collecting direction of the second light-collecting prism (16). The first light-collecting prism (15) includes a first refractive layer (151) and a second refractive layer (152) stacked on each other. The first refractive layer (151) includes a plurality of first protrusion structures, and the first protrusion structures correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit (13) in each sub-pixel. The second light-collecting prism (16) includes a third refractive layer (161) and a fourth refractive layer (162) stacked on each other. The third refractive layer (161) includes a plurality of second protrusion structures, and the second protrusion structures correspond to a portion of the light-emitting unit (13) in each sub-pixel. The driving method includes: In wide viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units (13) corresponding to the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure are controlled not to emit light, and the light-emitting units (13) corresponding to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure are controlled to be turned off; In the narrow viewing angle mode, the light-emitting units (13) that are not corresponding to the first protrusion structure and the second protrusion structure are controlled to turn off, and the light-emitting units (13) that are corresponding to the first protrusion structure and / or the second protrusion structure are controlled to emit light.