Ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tail emission device and control method thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an ammonia hydrogen fuel cell tail emission device and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell engineering. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tail discharge device comprises a gas-liquid separator, an inlet of which is communicated with a tail discharge outlet of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack and is used for separating hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas and liquid water on the tail discharge side; the exhaust valve is used for performing pulse type exhaust of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas; the drainage valve is used for draining the separated liquid water when the drainage condition is met; the sensor module is used for collecting running state data of the tail exhaust side; and the control unit is in signal connection with the exhaust valve, the drain valve and the sensor module and is used for controlling the working states of the exhaust valve and the drain valve based on the running state data and the load state of the fuel cell. According to the scheme, coordination control is carried out on the exhaust valve and the drainage valve based on the multi-source operation state data, and adjustable and controllable execution of the tail exhaust process under the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas working condition is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell engineering technology, and more specifically to an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device and a control method for the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, the main electrochemical reaction product of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is water. Therefore, fuel cell systems typically need to use a tailpipe structure to discharge the water and unreacted gases generated during the reaction from the fuel cell stack in order to maintain the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for exhaust discharge in conventional fuel cell systems. One method involves directly connecting the fuel cell tail end to the external environment, allowing exhaust gases and generated water to be directly released into the environment. This method has a relatively simple structure and control mechanism, but it suffers from the problem of hydrogen being emitted along with the exhaust gases during operation, resulting in low fuel utilization. The other method uses a purge exhaust system, which intermittently opens a purge valve to periodically discharge gases and water from the fuel cell stack, preventing flooding.

[0004] However, the operating conditions of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell systems, which use ammonia to produce hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture as fuel, differ significantly from those of ordinary fuel cell systems that use pure hydrogen as fuel. Specifically, the feed gas entering the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack is a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, with a hydrogen to nitrogen volume ratio typically around 3:1, while ordinary fuel cell systems typically use pure hydrogen as their gas source. This difference in fuel composition results in ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells having a higher nitrogen content in their exhaust gas during operation.

[0005] Under the aforementioned operating conditions, improper exhaust control can lead to the gradual accumulation of nitrogen within the fuel cell stack. When the nitrogen content reaches a certain level, it significantly reduces the partial pressure of hydrogen within the stack, resulting in a gas shortage and a rapid decline in fuel cell output performance, potentially even causing a system shutdown. Furthermore, since the internal gas pressure of a fuel cell stack is typically higher than the external ambient pressure, significant pressure fluctuations are easily generated during exhaust, especially under conditions of high system power or rapid load changes. The exhaust frequency increases accordingly, making pressure fluctuations even more pronounced. Frequent pressure fluctuations not only adversely affect the lifespan of the proton exchange membrane but may also trigger problems such as gas backflow or impact.

[0006] Therefore, the tailpipe design of conventional fuel cell systems, which is primarily for drainage, is ill-suited to the operational requirements of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell systems under hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas conditions. Currently, there is a lack of a tailpipe device that can rationally adjust the tailpipe process by combining the operating and load conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tailpipe side, thus ensuring controllability of the tailpipe process while adapting to the unique operating conditions of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an exhaust device and control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell, so as to at least solve the problems of nitrogen accumulation and pressure fluctuation caused by unreasonable exhaust parameter settings during the exhaust process of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell under hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas conditions.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tailpipe device, comprising: an exhaust valve connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator for performing pulsed emission of a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture; a drain valve connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator for discharging separated liquid water when drainage conditions are met; a sensor module disposed at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator for collecting operating status data on the tailpipe side; and a control unit connected to the exhaust valve, drain valve, and sensor module for controlling the operating status of the exhaust valve and drain valve based on the operating status data and the load status of the fuel cell.

[0009] Optionally, the device further includes a gas-liquid separator, the inlet of which is connected to the tail outlet of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack, for separating the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture and liquid water on the tail outlet side; the gas-liquid separator includes a gas channel area and a liquid collection area separated from each other; the gas channel area is connected to the gas outlet; the liquid collection area is connected to the liquid outlet; the gas channel area and the liquid collection area are spatially distributed in a vertical direction, so that the tail outlet medium entering the gas-liquid separator flows separately in the gas channel area and the liquid collection area.

[0010] Optionally, the exhaust valve is a normally closed valve structure; the exhaust valve is used to perform repeated opening and closing actions according to a preset opening duration and closing interval, and the opening duration and closing interval are output by the control unit as independently adjustable control parameters.

[0011] Optionally, the sensor module includes a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a liquid level sensor; the pressure sensor and temperature sensor are located at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and are used to collect pressure and temperature status data of the exhaust medium before entering the gas-liquid separator and when it is discharged through the gas outlet; the liquid level sensor is located in the liquid collection area of ​​the gas-liquid separator, and is used to collect the liquid level data of the separated liquid water; the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack, and is used to collect the output voltage data of the fuel cell stack.

[0012] Optionally, the control unit is configured to: receive exhaust-side operating status data collected by the sensor module during fuel cell operation, and acquire fuel cell load status data corresponding to the operating status data; determine pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve based on the operating status data and the load status data, wherein the pulse emission parameters include at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve; output a control signal to the exhaust valve based on the pulse emission parameters, causing the exhaust valve to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval; and continuously receive the operating status data during the periodic opening and closing actions of the exhaust valve, and update the pulse emission parameters based on the operating status data.

[0013] Optionally, when determining the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve based on the operating status data and the load status data, the control unit is further configured to: calculate the influence parameters of two adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions based on the current, power, and pressure data collected by the sensor module, and combine the influence parameters of two adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions with the corresponding time interval to generate intermediate parameters for characterizing the cumulative intensity of gas on the exhaust side; determine the opening duration of the exhaust valve in the next emission cycle based on the correspondence between the intermediate parameters and the current load status; and determine a closing interval matching the opening duration based on the changes of the intermediate parameters between adjacent emission cycles to obtain complete pulse emission parameters for driving the exhaust valve.

[0014] Optionally, during the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data. The control unit is further configured to: take each completion of an opening-closing cycle of the exhaust valve as a parameter update node, and capture the corresponding operating status data within that opening-closing cycle; based on the operating status data, determine the change in tail gas pressure during the exhaust valve opening phase and the recovery of tail gas pressure during the exhaust valve closing phase, to characterize the release and re-accumulation state of the tail gas within the corresponding pulse emission cycle; comprehensively consider the load power, current, and anode pressure of the fuel cell, and determine the load power, current, and anode pressure as the main periodic state parameters for characterizing the gas release and re-accumulation relationship of a single pulse emission cycle; based on the changing trend of the main periodic state parameters between adjacent pulse emission cycles, generate the exhaust valve opening duration and closing interval corresponding to the next pulse emission cycle, and introduce a temperature-corresponding correction during the generation process to compensate and adjust the opening duration and closing interval.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device. The method is applied to the aforementioned ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device and is executed by a control unit within the exhaust device. The method includes: during fuel cell operation, receiving exhaust-side operating status data collected by a sensor module and acquiring fuel cell load status data corresponding to the operating status data; determining pulse emission parameters of an exhaust valve based on the operating status data and the load status data, the pulse emission parameters including at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve; outputting a control signal to the exhaust valve based on the pulse emission parameters, causing the exhaust valve to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval; and continuously receiving the operating status data and updating the pulse emission parameters based on the operating status data during the periodic opening and closing actions of the exhaust valve.

[0016] Optionally, during the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data, including:

[0017] Each completion of an opening-closing cycle of the exhaust valve is used as a parameter update node, and the corresponding operating status data within that opening-closing cycle is captured. Based on the operating status data, the changes in tail gas pressure during the exhaust valve opening phase and the recovery of tail gas pressure during the exhaust valve closing phase are determined to characterize the release and re-accumulation states of the exhaust gas within the corresponding pulse emission cycle. Taking into account the load power, current, and anode pressure of the fuel cell, the load power, current, and anode pressure are jointly determined as the main periodic state parameters for characterizing the gas release and re-accumulation relationship of a single pulse emission cycle. Based on the changing trend of the main periodic state parameters between adjacent pulse emission cycles, the exhaust valve opening duration and closing interval corresponding to the next pulse emission cycle are generated, and a temperature-related correction is introduced during the generation process to compensate and adjust the opening duration and closing interval.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device control method.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, this invention, by installing a gas-liquid separator, an exhaust valve, a drain valve, and a cooperating sensor module and control unit on the exhaust side of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell, enables the separation and treatment of gas and liquid water during the exhaust process. Based on the exhaust side operating status data and the fuel cell load status, the exhaust process is dynamically adjusted. By coordinating the pulsed emission of the exhaust valve and the drainage action of the drain valve, exhaust parameters can be rationally set and adjusted under hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas conditions, avoiding disorderly accumulation of nitrogen on the fuel cell stack exhaust side and reducing pressure fluctuations during the exhaust process. This ensures the stable operation of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell under different load conditions and improves the controllability and adaptability of the exhaust process.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tailpipe device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps of a method for controlling the exhaust device of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3This is an execution flowchart of the control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1-Sensor module; 2-Electric stack; 3-Gas-liquid separator; 4-Level sensor; 5-Exhaust valve; 6-Drain valve; 7-Load. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tailpipe device, which includes: an exhaust valve 5 connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 for performing pulsed emission of a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture; a drain valve 6 connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 for discharging the separated liquid water when drainage conditions are met; a sensor module 1 disposed at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 for collecting operating status data on the tailpipe side; and a control unit (not shown) connected to the exhaust valve 5, drain valve 6, and sensor module 1 for controlling the operating status of the exhaust valve 5 and drain valve 6 based on the operating status data and the load 7 state of the fuel cell.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device provided is suitable for fuel cell systems using a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture as fuel. The exhaust device is located on the exhaust side of the fuel cell stack 2 and structurally includes a gas-liquid separator 3 connected to the exhaust outlet of the stack 2, used to separate gaseous components and liquid water in the exhaust medium. The gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to an exhaust valve 5, which performs pulsed opening and closing actions under the control of a control unit to achieve intermittent emission of the exhaust gas. The liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to a drain valve 6, which is used to discharge the separated liquid water when preset conditions are met.

[0026] In the tailpipe device, sensor module 1 is located at the inlet and / or gas outlet of gas-liquid separator 3 to collect operating status data on the tailpipe side, including but not limited to pressure and temperature information. The control unit is signal-connected to exhaust valve 5, drain valve 6, and sensor module 1 to receive operating status data and, in conjunction with the load 7 status of the fuel cell, coordinate the operation of exhaust valve 5 and drain valve 6. Through this structural configuration and control method, gas emissions and liquid water emissions during the tailpipe process are made independent, and the tailpipe process can be adjusted according to the operating conditions of the fuel cell, thereby adapting to the operating requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell under hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas conditions.

[0027] Preferably, the device further includes a gas-liquid separator 3, the inlet of which is connected to the tail outlet of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, for separating the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture and liquid water on the tail outlet side; the gas-liquid separator 3 includes a gas channel area and a liquid collection area separated from each other; the gas channel area is connected to the gas outlet; the liquid collection area is connected to the liquid outlet; the gas channel area and the liquid collection area are distributed vertically in space, so that the tail outlet medium entering the gas-liquid separator 3 flows in the gas channel area and the liquid collection area respectively.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, the gas-liquid separator 3 serves as a key structural unit in the tailpipe device of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell. Its internal structure is designed with a separate gas channel area and a liquid collection area. The gas channel area is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, providing a continuous flow channel for the gaseous components in the tailpipe medium. The liquid collection area is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, collecting the liquid water precipitated from the tailpipe medium and directing it to the drain valve 6.

[0029] In terms of specific structure, the gas channel region and the liquid collection region are distributed vertically in space, enabling the exhaust medium to form gas-liquid stratification under the action of gravity and flow after entering the gas-liquid separator 3. The gaseous components in the exhaust medium flow along the upper space after entering the gas-liquid separator 3 and are transported towards the gas outlet through the gas channel region; at the same time, the liquid water in the exhaust medium gathers in the lower space after entering the gas-liquid separator 3 and concentrates in the liquid collection region before being discharged through the liquid outlet.

[0030] Through the above structural configuration, the gas-liquid separator 3 can achieve the separation of gaseous components and liquid water in the tail discharge medium without relying on complex internal components. This separated structure provides a clear flow path basis for the subsequent exhaust valve 5 to perform pulse discharge and the drain valve 6 to perform drainage operation, making the exhaust process and drainage process structurally independent. This facilitates the separate control and management of gas discharge and liquid water discharge during the overall operation of the tail discharge device.

[0031] In this embodiment, the specific dimensions, internal channel shape, and separation method of the gas-liquid separator 3 can be adapted and adjusted according to the scale of the fuel cell system and the exhaust conditions, but its core structural relationship remains unchanged. That is, the separation and diversion of different phase components in the exhaust medium are achieved through the gas channel area and liquid collection area distributed along the vertical direction.

[0032] Preferably, the exhaust valve 5 is a normally closed valve structure; the exhaust valve 5 is used to perform repeated opening and closing actions according to a preset opening duration and closing interval, and the opening duration and closing interval are output by the control unit as independently adjustable control parameters.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the exhaust valve 5 is a normally closed valve structure located at the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3. A normally closed valve structure means that the exhaust valve 5 is closed when no control signal is received, thus keeping the fuel cell exhaust gas in a closed state within the gas-liquid separator 3. The exhaust valve 5 only opens in a predetermined manner when the control unit outputs a control signal. By adopting a normally closed structure, the opening behavior of the exhaust valve 5 is entirely triggered by the control unit, avoiding disorderly emission of exhaust gas in the uncontrolled state.

[0034] In terms of specific control methods, the exhaust valve 5 is configured to perform repeated opening and closing actions according to a preset opening duration and closing interval. The opening duration limits the length of time the exhaust valve 5 remains open during a single opening cycle, while the closing interval limits the time interval between two adjacent opening actions. The opening duration and closing interval are two independent control parameters, output separately by the control unit and can be adjusted according to the operating status of the fuel cell.

[0035] In this embodiment, after acquiring the exhaust side operating status data and the fuel cell load 7 status, the control unit generates an opening duration and closing interval matching the current operating conditions based on corresponding control logic, and sends the corresponding control signal to the exhaust valve 5 actuator, causing the exhaust valve 5 to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the control parameters. Through this method, the opening and closing process of the exhaust valve 5 is uniformly scheduled by the control unit, and its operating frequency and duration are controlled by the control parameters, thereby providing an adjustable execution basis for the stable operation of the exhaust device under different operating conditions.

[0036] Preferably, the sensor module 1 includes a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a liquid level sensor 4; the pressure sensor and temperature sensor are located at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, and are used to collect pressure and temperature status data of the exhaust medium before entering the gas-liquid separator 3 and when it is discharged through the gas outlet; the liquid level sensor 4 is located in the liquid collection area of ​​the gas-liquid separator 3, and is used to collect the liquid level data of the separated liquid water; the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, and is used to collect the output voltage data of the fuel cell stack 2.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the sensor module 1 includes a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a liquid level sensor 4, used to collect data on the operating status of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust side and the stack 2. The pressure sensor and temperature sensor are located at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, respectively, to collect pressure and temperature data of the exhaust medium before entering the gas-liquid separator 3 and when it is discharged through the gas outlet. By arranging pressure and temperature sensors at the inlet and gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, the sensor module 1 can cover the changes in the operating status of the exhaust medium at different positions before and after gas-liquid separation.

[0038] The liquid level sensor 4 is installed in the liquid collection area of ​​the gas-liquid separator 3 to collect the liquid level data of the liquid water separated during the gas-liquid separation process. The liquid level data characterizes the accumulation state of the liquid water in the liquid collection area and serves as input information for the control unit to determine whether the drain valve 6 should perform a draining action. By installing the liquid level sensor 4 in the liquid collection area, the accumulation of liquid water can be monitored without affecting the flow in the gas channel area.

[0039] The voltage sensor is electrically connected to the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 and is used to collect the output voltage data of the fuel cell stack 2. The output voltage data is used to reflect the load 7 state of the fuel cell in the current operating stage, and together with the exhaust side operating status data, it serves as input data for the control unit to determine and update the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5.

[0040] In this embodiment, the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, liquid level sensor 4, and voltage sensor are respectively connected to the control unit. The control unit receives and processes various status data output by the sensor module 1, and controls the working status of the exhaust valve 5 and the drain valve 6 based on the status data. It should be noted that the specific model, installation method, and measuring range of each sensor can be adapted and adjusted according to the scale and operating conditions of the fuel cell system, but their setting position and the object of data acquisition remain unchanged in the basic relationship described in the above embodiment.

[0041] Preferably, the control unit is configured to: receive exhaust-side operating status data collected by the sensor module 1 during fuel cell operation, and acquire fuel cell load 7 status data corresponding to the operating status data; determine pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5 based on the operating status data and the load 7 status data, wherein the pulse emission parameters include at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5; output a control signal to the exhaust valve 5 based on the pulse emission parameters, causing the exhaust valve 5 to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval; and continuously receive the operating status data during the periodic opening and closing actions of the exhaust valve 5, and update the pulse emission parameters based on the operating status data.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the control unit, as the core control component of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device, establishes signal connections with each sensor, exhaust valve 5, and drain valve 6 to coordinate and control the exhaust process during fuel cell operation. When the fuel cell is in operation, the control unit receives exhaust-side operating status data collected by pressure and temperature sensors.

[0043] The operating status data includes pressure data reflecting the pressure state of the exhaust medium before entering the gas-liquid separator 3, and temperature data reflecting the state of the exhaust gas as it exits through the gas outlet. Simultaneously, the control unit also acquires fuel cell load 7 status data corresponding to the operating status data to characterize the power output or load 7 changes of the fuel cell during the current operating phase.

[0044] After obtaining the aforementioned operating status data and load 7 status data, the control unit processes the data based on preset control logic and determines the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5 accordingly. The pulse emission parameters include at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5. The opening duration limits the length of time the exhaust valve 5 remains open during a single emission, and the closing interval limits the time interval between two adjacent emissions. In this embodiment, the opening duration and closing interval are two independent control parameters, generated and output separately by the control unit.

[0045] After determining the pulse emission parameters, the control unit outputs a corresponding control signal to the exhaust valve 5, causing the exhaust valve 5 to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval. Through this periodic opening and closing method, the exhaust gas is discharged from the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 in discrete time periods, while during the period when the exhaust valve 5 is closed, the exhaust gas is temporarily retained in the gas-liquid separator 3 and its upstream space.

[0046] During the periodic opening and closing of exhaust valve 5, the control unit does not rely solely on the initially determined pulse emission parameters but continuously receives operating status data collected by pressure and temperature sensors. Based on the real-time acquired operating status data, the control unit assesses the suitability of the current pulse emission parameters and updates the opening duration and closing interval as needed. In this way, the control unit can dynamically adjust the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 according to changes in the exhaust side state and load 7 during fuel cell operation, ensuring that the periodic opening and closing of exhaust valve 5 always corresponds to the current operating conditions.

[0047] In this embodiment, the control unit can be implemented as a controller with data processing and signal output capabilities. Its internal control logic can be implemented through a program, but is not limited to a specific software architecture or algorithm.

[0048] Preferably, when determining the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 based on the operating status data and the load 7 status data, the control unit is further configured to: calculate the influence parameters of two adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions based on the current, power, and pressure data collected by the sensor module, and combine the influence parameters of two adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions with the corresponding time interval to generate intermediate parameters for characterizing the gas accumulation intensity on the exhaust side; determine the opening duration of exhaust valve 5 in the next emission cycle based on the correspondence between the intermediate parameters and the current load 7 status; and determine the closing interval matching the opening duration based on the changes of the intermediate parameters between adjacent emission cycles to obtain complete pulse emission parameters for driving exhaust valve 5.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, when determining the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5 based on the operating status data and the load 7 status data, the control unit is further configured to construct a model for characterizing the gas accumulation state based on the tail exhaust side pressure, load power and current data, and generate the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 based on the model.

[0050] Specifically, during fuel cell operation, after receiving the closing signal from exhaust valve 5 after completing one pulse emission, the control unit determines this moment as the start point of an emission cycle. Before the next opening of exhaust valve 5, it continuously receives tail-side pressure data collected by pressure sensors. Based on the collected pressure data, the control unit records the tail-side pressure change process between two adjacent exhaust valve 5 pulse emissions and calculates the pressure change within this time period to obtain the tail-side pressure fluctuation (as an influence parameter between adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions). Simultaneously, the control unit records the corresponding time interval information and combines the fluctuation with the time interval to generate an intermediate parameter characterizing the degree of tail-side gas accumulation during the current emission cycle.

[0051] In this embodiment, the intermediate parameters are not directly used to drive the exhaust valve 5, but rather serve as the basis for determining subsequent pulse emission parameters. After obtaining the intermediate parameters, the control unit correlates them with the current fuel cell load 7 state. The load 7 state can be used to reflect the power output level of the fuel cell in the current operating phase or the load 7 change trend. By establishing the correspondence between the intermediate parameters and the load 7 state, the control unit can determine the opening duration of the exhaust valve 5 in the next emission cycle, ensuring that the emission amount of the exhaust valve 5 during the opening phase matches the current gas accumulation state on the tailpipe side.

[0052] Based on this, the control unit also analyzes the changes in intermediate parameters between adjacent emission cycles. Specifically, the control unit compares the intermediate parameters corresponding to the current emission cycle with those corresponding to the previous emission cycle, and adjusts the closing interval of exhaust valve 5 in the next emission cycle based on the trend between the two. In this way, the opening duration and closing interval are not determined independently, but are generated collaboratively around the evolution of intermediate parameters over time, thereby obtaining complete pulse emission parameters for driving exhaust valve 5.

[0053] In one optional implementation, the control unit can periodically record intermediate parameters during operation, forming a historical parameter sequence corresponding to the emission cycle. This historical parameter sequence can be used to assist in determining the adjustment magnitude of the pulse emission parameters within the current emission cycle when the fuel cell load 7 changes significantly. In another optional implementation, the control unit can smooth the intermediate parameters to reduce the impact of instantaneous pressure fluctuations on the pulse emission parameter determination process; however, this processing method does not change the fundamental property of the intermediate parameters as a pressure accumulation characteristic.

[0054] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the calculation method of pressure fluctuation, the selection rules of time interval, and the correspondence between intermediate parameters and load 7 state can all be configured and adjusted according to the scale and operating characteristics of the fuel cell system. However, the basic processing flow remains the same: intermediate parameters are constructed based on pressure fluctuation characteristics, and the opening duration and closing interval of exhaust valve 5 are generated based on these intermediate parameters. Through the above configuration, the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 have a clear data source and processing path in the determination process, providing an implementable parameter generation mechanism for the control of the tailpipe device under different operating conditions.

[0055] Preferably, during the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve 5, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data. The control unit is further configured to: take each completion of an opening-closing cycle of the exhaust valve as a parameter update node, and capture the corresponding operating status data within that opening-closing cycle; based on the operating status data, determine the change in tail gas pressure during the exhaust valve opening phase and the recovery of tail gas pressure during the exhaust valve closing phase, to characterize the release and re-accumulation state of the tail gas within the corresponding pulse emission cycle; comprehensively consider the load power, current, and anode pressure of the fuel cell, and determine the load power, current, and anode pressure as the main periodic state parameters for characterizing the gas release and re-accumulation relationship of a single pulse emission cycle; based on the changing trend of the main periodic state parameters between adjacent pulse emission cycles, generate the exhaust valve opening duration and closing interval corresponding to the next pulse emission cycle, and introduce a temperature-corresponding correction during the generation process to compensate and adjust the opening duration and closing interval.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, during the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve 5, the control unit continuously receives exhaust-side operating status data collected by the sensor module, and dynamically updates the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5 based on the operating status data. Specifically, the control unit considers each opening-closing action of the exhaust valve 5 as a complete emission cycle, and determines this opening-closing cycle as a parameter update node, extracting the operating status data within that emission cycle at the corresponding update node as the analysis object.

[0057] During each emission cycle, the control unit acquires tailpipe pressure data corresponding to the opening and closing phases of exhaust valve 5, and determines the tailpipe pressure changes during the opening phase and the tailpipe pressure recovery during the closing phase. The pressure changes and pressure recovery are used to characterize the release and re-accumulation states of the tailpipe gas during the emission cycle, thereby reflecting the dynamic evolution characteristics of the tailpipe gas in a single pulse emission cycle.

[0058] Based on this, the control unit comprehensively considers the load power, current, and anode pressure of the fuel cell within the current emission cycle, and determines these load power, current, and anode pressure as the key parameters of the cycle state to characterize the relationship between gas release and re-accumulation in a single pulse emission cycle. The control unit further generates the exhaust valve opening duration and closing interval for the next pulse emission cycle based on the changing trends of these key parameters between adjacent emission cycles. Simultaneously, during the generation of the opening duration and closing interval, a temperature-related correction is introduced to compensate for and adjust the opening duration and closing interval, thereby reducing the impact of temperature changes on the exhaust rhythm.

[0059] In another possible implementation, the control unit introduces a data-driven prediction model when determining the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5, performs feedforward prediction of the tailpipe side pressure change, and generates the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 based on the prediction results.

[0060] Specifically, during fuel cell operation, the control unit archives and stores the operating status data collected during each exhaust valve 5 after it completes its opening-closing cycle. This operating status data includes at least: the change in exhaust-side pressure during the opening phase of exhaust valve 5, the increase in exhaust-side pressure during the closing phase of exhaust valve 5, and the load power, current, anode pressure, and temperature data for the corresponding cycle. Simultaneously, the control unit records the opening duration and closing interval corresponding to that emission cycle, forming tagged historical sample data.

[0061] The control unit constructs a predictive model based on historical sample data to predict the peak pressure and pressure recovery rate on the exhaust side in the next emission cycle. The predictive model uses the main parameters of the cycle state corresponding to the current emission cycle, load power, current, and temperature as input variables, and the predicted peak pressure and pressure recovery slope on the exhaust side as output variables.

[0062] In actual operation, after exhaust valve 5 completes the current emission cycle, the control unit inputs the main parameters of the current cycle state into the prediction model to obtain the predicted trend of tail-end pressure change in the next emission cycle. Based on the prediction results, the control unit calculates the required gas release amount for the next emission cycle and uses this to infer the opening duration of exhaust valve 5; simultaneously, it determines the closing interval matching the opening duration based on the predicted pressure recovery rate. Through this method, the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 are generated with predictive foresight, thereby reducing tail-end pressure peak fluctuations.

[0063] In this implementation, the parameters of the prediction model can be updated periodically during system operation to adapt to changes in the long-term operating state of the fuel cell. However, the process of calling the prediction model does not change the basic rhythm of the control unit, which is the complete opening-closing cycle of the exhaust valve 5.

[0064] In another possible implementation, the control unit uses a control strategy that combines offline modeling with online adaptive correction to determine the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5.

[0065] Specifically, before the fuel cell system is put into operation, the control unit constructs a baseline mapping relationship for the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5 based on historical test data. The historical test data includes the tailpipe pressure changes, pressure rises, and corresponding opening durations and closing intervals under different load power, current, and anode pressure conditions. Based on this data, the control unit establishes an initial mapping model between load state parameters and pulse emission parameters, and stores this mapping model internally as a baseline model.

[0066] During the real-time operation of the fuel cell, the control unit first obtains the initial opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 based on the current load power, current and anode pressure through the reference model, and controls the exhaust valve 5 to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the initial parameters.

[0067] During the opening and closing process of exhaust valve 5, the control unit continuously collects the pressure change and pressure rise on the exhaust side and compares the actual collected data with the predicted data from the benchmark model. If the deviation between the actual pressure peak or pressure rise rate and the corresponding value in the benchmark model exceeds the preset correction condition, the control unit generates an online correction and compensates for the opening duration and closing interval of the next emission cycle.

[0068] The online correction is calculated based on the deviation between the main parameters of the current cycle state and the predicted values ​​of the benchmark model, and is gradually accumulated and updated in subsequent emission cycles to form a correction mapping relationship that adapts to the current system state. By combining the above-mentioned offline modeling and online adaptive correction, the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 can maintain overall control stability while possessing the ability to adapt to changes in the operating state of the fuel cell.

[0069] In this implementation, the offline reference model provides a stable control basis, and the online correction mechanism provides real-time adaptation capability. The two work together to generate the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5, so that the exhaust control maintains continuity and consistency in different operating stages.

[0070] In another possible implementation, while the exhaust valve 5 performs periodic opening and closing actions according to a preset opening duration and closing interval, the control unit continuously receives exhaust-side operating status data collected by pressure and temperature sensors, and updates the pulse emission parameters based on the operating status data. Unlike methods that update parameters only at fixed time intervals, in this implementation, the control unit uses the exhaust valve 5's own operating cycle as the basic unit for parameter updates, thereby ensuring that the parameter update process is consistent with the actual execution process of the exhaust valve 5.

[0071] Specifically, during the periodic opening and closing of exhaust valve 5, the control unit defines one complete opening-closing action of exhaust valve 5 as an independent emission cycle, and uses the start and end times of this emission cycle as update nodes. Within each emission cycle, the control unit extracts the corresponding operating status data, which includes at least tailpipe pressure data and may further include temperature data or other data related to the tailpipe status. In this way, the control unit can divide the data during continuous operation into multiple data segments corresponding one-to-one with the actions of exhaust valve 5, providing clear time boundaries for subsequent parameter analysis.

[0072] After obtaining the operating status data for a single emission cycle, the control unit processes the pressure data corresponding to the opening and closing phases of exhaust valve 5. During the opening phase, the control unit calculates the pressure change on the exhaust side based on the pressure data collected during this phase, characterizing the gas release during the emission process. During the closing phase, the control unit calculates the pressure rise on the exhaust side based on the pressure data collected during this phase, characterizing the process of gas re-accumulation on the exhaust side after emission. By calculating the pressure change during the opening phase and the pressure rise during the closing phase separately, the release and re-accumulation behaviors of exhaust valve 5 within a complete emission cycle can be characterized independently.

[0073] In this embodiment, the control unit further pairs and combines the pressure change and pressure recovery to generate a periodic state parameter characterizing the relationship between gas release and re-accumulation within a single pulse emission cycle. The periodic state parameter, as a comprehensive quantity, reflects the relationship between the emission intensity of exhaust valve 5 and the gas recovery characteristics on the tailpipe side during the current emission cycle. It should be noted that the periodic state parameter is not directly used as a control output, but rather as an intermediate judgment basis during the parameter update process.

[0074] After obtaining the periodic state parameters, the control unit compares the periodic state parameters corresponding to the current emission cycle with those corresponding to the previous emission cycle, and updates the opening duration and closing interval of exhaust valve 5 for the next pulse emission cycle based on the changing trend between the two. In this way, the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 no longer depend solely on the state judgment within a single cycle, but are adjusted based on the trend of state evolution across multiple emission cycles, thus ensuring the continuity and consistency of the parameter update process.

[0075] In one optional implementation, the control unit can record the periodic state parameters and form a parameter sequence ordered by emission cycle to assist in determining the parameter update magnitude in subsequent emission cycles. In another optional implementation, the control unit can introduce a weighting factor into the periodic state parameters during the parameter update process to balance the impact of the most recent emission cycle and historical emission cycles on the parameter update, but the above processing method does not change the basic principle of using the complete opening-closing cycle of exhaust valve 5 as the update node.

[0076] It should be noted that, in the above preferred embodiment, the specific composition of the periodic state parameters, the calculation method of pressure change and pressure rise, and the judgment rules of the changing trend between adjacent cycles can all be configured and adjusted according to actual application needs. However, the overall processing flow remains consistent, namely, updating the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 through periodic data interception, stage-based pressure feature extraction, and cross-cycle trend analysis. Through the above configuration, the update process of pulse emission parameters has a clear execution rhythm and data basis, providing a stable parameter update mechanism for the control of the tail exhaust device during continuous operation.

[0077] In another possible implementation, the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device proposed in this invention, based on the above-described structure and control logic, further incorporates the differences in operating conditions during fuel cell startup, steady-state operation, and shutdown phases to configure the pulse emission parameter update method of exhaust valve 5 in stages. In this implementation, when the control unit identifies that the fuel cell is in the startup phase or the transition phase from low load 7 to high load 7, it preferentially adopts an update method based on the changing trend of periodic state parameters in adjacent emission cycles to quickly correct the opening duration of exhaust valve 5; while after the fuel cell enters the stable operation phase, the update frequency of pulse emission parameters is reduced, and parameter update operations are only performed when the continuous changes of periodic state parameters exceed a preset threshold.

[0078] In this embodiment, the control unit distinguishes the fuel cell operating stages by recording the operating cycle of the exhaust valve 5, and achieves phased control of the pulse emission behavior of the exhaust valve 5 without changing the structure of the gas-liquid separator 3 and the sensor arrangement. This method ensures that the pulse emission parameter update strategy of the exhaust valve 5 in different operating stages matches the operating rhythm of the fuel cell, avoiding frequent adjustments to the exhaust valve 5's operation during periods of minimal change in operating status, while maintaining responsiveness to the exhaust process during periods of significant change in operating status.

[0079] In another possible implementation, the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device of the present invention, based on the above structure and control logic, further incorporates the action information of the drain valve 6 to participate in the adjustment of the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5. In this implementation, when the control unit controls the drain valve 6 to perform the draining action, it simultaneously records the opening time of the drain valve 6, the opening duration, and the changes in exhaust side pressure before and after the draining action, and stores the information as auxiliary operating status data.

[0080] In the specific implementation process, after the drain valve 6 completes one draining action, the control unit compares the periodic state parameters formed within the corresponding emission cycle before and after the draining action, and determines the impact of the draining behavior on the gas accumulation state on the exhaust side. If it is confirmed that the draining action affects the pressure recovery process on the exhaust side, the control unit makes compensatory adjustments to the closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 during the subsequent pulse emission parameter update process, so that the emission rhythm of the exhaust valve 5 matches the exhaust side state after the draining action.

[0081] In this embodiment, the drain valve 6 is not merely an actuator for discharging liquid water, but rather participates in the control logic as a reference node for changes in the tailpipe side state. By associating the action of the drain valve 6 with the pulse emission parameter update process of the exhaust valve 5, the tailpipe device can indirectly sense changes in the gas-liquid coupling state on the tailpipe side without adding additional sensors or structural components.

[0082] Preferably, the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device proposed in this invention features a differentiated configuration of the control unit based on the system scale and the computing power of the control hardware. Specifically, the control unit employs different data processing and control strategies in small and large systems, but both are based on the same exhaust device structure and sensor arrangement.

[0083] For small systems, due to their relatively simplified system structure and limited computing resources for control hardware, the control unit is configured to employ a control method combining offline modeling and online table lookup. In this embodiment, the control unit only performs data acquisition, indexing, and interpolation calculations of operating status data during operation, without performing complex online model training or parameter optimization operations. The control unit uses a pre-stored pulse emission parameter table to perform lookup or interpolation calculations based on the currently acquired operating status data and load 7 status data to obtain the corresponding opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5. This table is generated by the offline modeling process, which can use a gradient boosting model, a random forest model, or an envelope-based learning model to train historical operating data, and periodically updates the model and table based on system feedback data.

[0084] For large-scale systems, due to the high computing power and data processing capabilities of their control hardware, the control unit is configured to combine online data acquisition with real-time control. In this embodiment, during operation, the control unit uses real-time acquired operating status data and load 7 status data to dynamically calculate the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve 5 using an online model. The online model can employ an envelope-based learning model, a neural network model, or a power stability probability model, and incorporates physical constraints related to fuel cell operation during model calculation to limit the range of pulse emission parameters. Through this method, the large-scale system can adjust the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 in real time according to changes in the exhaust side status during operation.

[0085] Through the above-mentioned differentiated configuration methods, the exhaust device of the present invention can be adapted to different system scales and computing power conditions, providing multiple optional implementation paths for exhaust control of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells.

[0086] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for controlling the exhaust emissions of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling the exhaust device of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell, the method comprising: Step S10: During the operation of the fuel cell, receive the exhaust side operation status data collected by the sensor module, and obtain the fuel cell load status data corresponding to the operation status data.

[0087] Step S20: Based on the operating status data and the load status data, determine the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve, wherein the pulse emission parameters include at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve.

[0088] Step S30: Based on the pulse emission parameters, output a control signal to the exhaust valve so that the exhaust valve performs periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval.

[0089] Step S40: During the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data.

[0090] Specifically, during the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve 5, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data. This includes: during the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve 5, taking each opening-closing cycle of the exhaust valve 5 as an update node, and capturing the corresponding operating status data within that cycle; based on the operating status data, calculating the tail-end pressure change during the opening phase and the tail-end pressure rise during the closing phase of the exhaust valve 5; pairing and combining the pressure change and pressure rise to form a periodic status parameter characterizing the relationship between gas release and re-accumulation in a single pulse emission cycle; and updating the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve 5 for the next pulse emission cycle based on the changing trend of the periodic status parameter between adjacent pulse emission cycles.

[0091] In one specific implementation, such as Figure 3 The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device control method of the present invention is triggered and executed by the control unit during fuel cell operation. The control unit, based on real-time acquisition of the fuel cell's current operating current or set power, receives exhaust-side operating status data collected by pressure and temperature sensors, and uses this operating status data along with the corresponding fuel cell load status as control inputs.

[0092] In this embodiment, the control unit first matches the current operating status data and the load 7 status data based on a preset query rule to generate initial pulse emission parameters for the exhaust valve 5, including the opening duration T and the closing interval Int. Subsequently, the control unit outputs a control signal to the exhaust valve 5 according to the initial pulse emission parameters, causing the exhaust valve 5 to perform one or more periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval, thereby completing the discharge process of the tail gas medium.

[0093] While exhaust valve 5 performs the emission action, the control unit monitors the fuel cell output power and its fluctuations, and records the tail-end pressure changes during the emission cycle. The monitoring data is input into the feedback optimization program, which determines the suitability of the current pulse emission parameters based on the deviation between the current output power and the target power, as well as the pressure change characteristics during the emission cycle.

[0094] In this implementation, the feedback optimization program uses the processed results to update the opening duration and closing interval of exhaust valve 5 for the next emission cycle. Simultaneously, it records the corresponding operating status data, control parameters, and update results, forming a historical data set. This historical data can be used to subsequently build or revise query rules, enabling the control unit to generate pulse emission parameters that better match the current operating conditions based on the updated rules during subsequent operation. Through this process, the pulse emission parameters of exhaust valve 5 are continuously updated and iterated during operation.

[0095] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device control method.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a microcontroller, chip, or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0097] The optional embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details described above. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not further describe the various possible combinations.

[0098] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device, characterized in that, The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device includes: An exhaust valve, connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, is used to perform pulsed emission of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture; A drain valve, connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, is used to discharge the separated liquid water when the drainage conditions are met; A sensor module is installed at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator to collect operating status data on the tail exhaust side; The control unit is connected to the exhaust valve, drain valve, and sensor module for controlling the operating status of the exhaust valve and drain valve based on the operating status data and the load status of the fuel cell.

2. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a gas-liquid separator, the inlet of which is connected to the tail outlet of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack, for separating the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture and liquid water on the tail outlet side; The gas-liquid separator includes a gas channel area and a liquid collection area that are separated. The gas channel area is connected to the gas outlet; The liquid collection area is connected to the liquid outlet; The gas channel region and the liquid collection region are distributed vertically in space, so that the tail discharge medium entering the gas-liquid separator flows in the gas channel region and the liquid collection region respectively.

3. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The exhaust valve is a normally closed valve structure; The exhaust valve is used to perform repeated opening and closing actions according to a preset opening duration and closing interval. The opening duration and closing interval are output by the control unit as independently adjustable control parameters.

4. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor module includes a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a liquid level sensor; The pressure sensor and temperature sensor are installed at the inlet and / or gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator to collect pressure and temperature status data of the tail discharge medium before entering the gas-liquid separator and when it is discharged through the gas outlet. The liquid level sensor is installed in the liquid collection area of ​​the gas-liquid separator to collect the liquid level data of the separated liquid water. The voltage sensor is electrically connected to the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell stack and is used to collect the output voltage data of the fuel cell stack.

5. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to: During fuel cell operation, the system receives exhaust-side operating status data collected by the sensor module and acquires fuel cell load status data corresponding to the operating status data. Based on the operating status data and the load status data, the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve are determined, and the pulse emission parameters include at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve; Based on the pulse emission parameters, a control signal is output to the exhaust valve, causing the exhaust valve to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval; During the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data.

6. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to claim 5, characterized in that, When determining the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve based on the operating status data and the load status data, the control unit is further configured to: Based on the current, power and pressure data collected by the sensor module, the influence parameters of two adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions are calculated, and the influence parameters of two adjacent exhaust valve pulse emissions are combined with the corresponding time interval to generate intermediate parameters for characterizing the gas accumulation intensity on the tail exhaust side. Based on the correspondence between the intermediate parameters and the current load state, the opening duration of the exhaust valve in the next discharge cycle is determined; Based on the variation of the intermediate parameters between adjacent emission cycles, a closing interval matching the opening duration is determined to obtain complete pulse emission parameters for driving the exhaust valve.

7. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the control unit continuously receives the operating status data and updates the pulse emission parameters based on the operating status data. The control unit is further configured to: Each time the exhaust valve completes an opening-closing cycle is used as a parameter update node, and the corresponding operating status data within that opening-closing cycle is captured. Based on the operating status data, the changes in tail exhaust side pressure during the exhaust valve opening phase and the recovery of tail exhaust side pressure during the exhaust valve closing phase are determined, which are used to characterize the release and re-accumulation state of tail exhaust gas within the corresponding pulse emission cycle. Taking into account the load power, current, and anode pressure of the fuel cell, the load power, current, and anode pressure are collectively determined as the main periodic state parameters for characterizing the relationship between gas release and re-accumulation in a single pulse emission cycle. Based on the changing trend of the main parameters of the cycle state between adjacent pulse emission cycles, the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve corresponding to the next pulse emission cycle are generated, and a correction amount corresponding to temperature is introduced during the generation process to compensate and adjust the opening duration and closing interval.

8. A control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust device, characterized in that, The method is applied to the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tailpipe device according to any one of claims 1-7, the method is executed by a control unit in the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell tailpipe device, and the method includes: During fuel cell operation, the system receives exhaust-side operating status data collected by the sensor module and acquires fuel cell load status data corresponding to the operating status data. Based on the operating status data and the load status data, the pulse emission parameters of the exhaust valve are determined, and the pulse emission parameters include at least the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve; Based on the pulse emission parameters, a control signal is output to the exhaust valve, causing the exhaust valve to perform periodic opening and closing actions according to the opening duration and closing interval; During the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data.

9. The control method for the exhaust device of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the periodic opening and closing of the exhaust valve, the operating status data is continuously received, and the pulse emission parameters are updated based on the operating status data, including: During the periodic opening and closing action of the exhaust valve, each time the exhaust valve completes an opening-closing cycle is used as an update node, and the corresponding operating status data within that cycle is captured. Based on the changing trend of the periodic state parameters between adjacent pulse emission cycles, the opening duration and closing interval of the exhaust valve corresponding to the next pulse emission cycle are updated.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell exhaust control method according to any one of claims 8 and 9.

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