Image transmission system based on surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array

Abstract

The invention relates to an image transmission system based on a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array comprises at least two resonators, and the connection modes of the at least two resonators comprise at least one of series connection and parallel connection. The resonator comprises a piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure, an interdigital transducer layer, a waveguide layer and a magnetostriction layer. According to the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, the plurality of resonators are connected in series and / or in parallel, so that the radiation efficiency of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array can be greatly improved, and 1.25 Mbps high-speed image transmission within the range of 25cm between magnetoelectric antennas can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an image transmission system based on a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] With the miniaturization and high integration of IoT, RFID, and medical imaging equipment, higher demands are being placed on the miniaturization, high frequency, and low power consumption of antennas in wireless communication systems. However, when the size of metal RF antennas is reduced to a size much smaller than the operating wavelength, their radiation efficiency is severely limited by physical limits, making it difficult to achieve efficient radiation while maintaining miniaturization, especially under high frequency and very high frequency (VHF) operating conditions.

[0003] While Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) arrays and programmable metasurfaces (PMs) can improve data transmission rates, their required antenna element spacing (>0.5λ) further increases the overall size. Magnetoelectric antennas show great potential for antenna miniaturization. Unlike electric antennas, magnetoelectric antennas typically utilize the coupling effect between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials to convert electrical signals into dynamic changes in magnetization, thereby achieving electromagnetic radiation. Compared to electric dipole antennas, magnetoelectric antennas have certain advantages in low-frequency and small-size conditions, but their radiation efficiency remains limited, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-speed data transmission, especially the wireless transmission requirements for large data volumes such as images. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this disclosure proposes an image transmission system based on a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array.

[0005] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetoelectric antenna array is provided. The SAW magnetoelectric antenna array includes at least two resonators, the at least two resonators being connected in a series or parallel configuration. Each resonator includes a piezoelectric insulating heterostructure, an interdigital transducer layer, a waveguide layer, and a magnetostrictive layer. The interdigital transducer layer is deposited on the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure, the waveguide layer is deposited on the interdigital region of the interdigital transducer layer, and the magnetostrictive layer is deposited on the waveguide layer. The interdigital transducer... The layer utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect to drive the heterostructure of the piezoelectric insulating layer to generate surface acoustic waves. The waveguide layer is used to focus the surface acoustic waves into an acoustic signal and transmit it upward to the magnetostrictive layer. The magnetostrictive layer uses the inverse magnetostrictive effect to convert the acoustic signal into an electromagnetic signal, or the magnetostrictive layer uses the magnetostrictive effect to convert the received electromagnetic signal into an acoustic signal. The waveguide layer is used to transmit the acoustic signal downward so that the interdigital transducer layer can acquire the electrical signal generated by the heterostructure of the piezoelectric insulating layer due to the piezoelectric effect.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the series connection is used to improve the quality factor of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, the quality factor being the ratio of stored energy to lost energy of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array; the parallel connection is used to improve the bandwidth of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the wavelength and frequency of each resonator in the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array are kept consistent so that the surface acoustic waves in the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array are consistent in frequency and phase.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the waveguide layer is an insulating thin film with a thickness ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 wavelengths to ensure good electromechanical coupling.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the interdigital transducer layer comprises at least one of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, gold, platinum, aluminum, silver, ruthenium, and copper; the waveguide layer comprises at least one of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride; and the magnetostrictive layer comprises at least one of iron gallium boron thin film, iron cobalt thin film, iron thin film, nickel thin film, iron gallium carbon thin film, iron cobalt silicon boron thin film, magnetic alloy thin film containing rare earth elements, and metallic glass thin film.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure includes a supporting substrate layer, an insulating layer, and a piezoelectric single crystal layer, wherein the insulating layer is deposited on the supporting substrate layer and the piezoelectric single crystal layer is deposited on the insulating layer.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the piezoelectric single-crystal layer of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array has a thickness ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 times the wavelength, and the insulating layer has a thickness ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 times the wavelength.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the supporting substrate layer comprises at least one of silicon, sapphire, silicon carbide, quartz, diamond, gallium nitride, and gallium arsenide; the insulating layer comprises at least one of polycrystalline silicon, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride; and the piezoelectric single crystal layer comprises at least one of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, quartz, lithium tetraborate, and lanthanum gallium silicate.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a data transmission system is provided, the data transmission system including a signal generating module, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, and a signal processing module, wherein the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna both employ a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array as described above; the signal generating module is used to convert a first image into an alternating excitation signal to drive the transmitting antenna to transmit electromagnetic waves; the receiving antenna is used to convert the received electromagnetic waves into a voltage signal and transmit it to the signal processing module, so that the signal processing module converts the voltage signal into a second image.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the signal generation module includes a first field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a first power amplifier. The first FPGA is used to acquire the first image from a first computer and perform digital modulation processing on the binary image of the first image to obtain a digitally modulated signal. The DAC is used to convert the digitally modulated signal into an analog signal. The first power amplifier is used to amplify the analog signal and use the amplified first signal as an alternating excitation signal.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the signal processing module includes a second power amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a second field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a second computer. The second power amplifier amplifies the voltage signal to obtain an amplified second signal. The analog-to-digital converter converts the analog second signal into a digital signal. The second FPGA buffers and clocks the received digital signal to obtain encoded data. The second computer decodes the encoded data to obtain the second image.

[0016] The surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetoelectric antenna array of the present disclosure can significantly improve the radiation efficiency of the SAW magnetoelectric antenna array by connecting multiple resonators in series and / or in parallel. For example, the gain of a 9×10 SAW magnetoelectric antenna array can reach -11.3 dBi and the radiation efficiency exceeds 5%, which is nearly 90 times higher than that of a single 1×1 antenna.

[0017] Other features and aspects of this disclosure will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 3 A plan view of the interdigital transducer layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the test results of a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another data transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 7 A physical schematic diagram of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog converter in the data transmission system of this disclosure embodiment is illustrated.

[0027] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter in a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0028] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating the transmission effect of the data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0030] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or variations thereof are open-ended and include one or more of the stated features, integrals, elements, steps, components, or functions, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, elements, steps, components, functions, or groups thereof.

[0031] When an element is referred to as “connected,” “coupled,” “responding,” or a variation thereof relative to another element, it may be directly connected, coupled, or responding to another element, or there may be an intermediate element present.

[0032] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements / operations, these elements / operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element / operation from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept, a first element / operation in some embodiments may be referred to as a second element / operation in other embodiments.

[0033] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0034] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0035] It should be noted that the information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.), data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) and signals involved in this application are all authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant regions.

[0036] Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have been widely studied in radio frequency (RF) and sensing fields due to their high frequency, high quality factor, and compatibility with micro / nano fabrication processes. SAWs can generate strong localized mechanical vibrations on the surface of piezoelectric substrates, providing an efficient energy driving method for magnetoelectric coupling. However, related technologies are mostly focused on magnetoelectric antenna structures driven by single SAWs, whose radiation intensity and communication distance remain limited, making it difficult to achieve stable, high-speed wireless image transmission.

[0037] Furthermore, research on magnetoelectric antennas in related technologies has largely focused on fundamental physical mechanisms or low-speed signal transmission, lacking a technical solution that can significantly improve radiation efficiency through system-level design under high-frequency conditions and realize big data wireless transmission applications. Therefore, a new magnetoelectric antenna structure is urgently needed to significantly improve radiation efficiency and data transmission rate while maintaining device miniaturization and high integration, in order to meet the application requirements of next-generation wireless communication (such as medical imaging systems).

[0038] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array includes at least two resonators 10, and the connection of the at least two resonators 10 includes at least one of series connection and parallel connection.

[0039] In one possible implementation, assuming the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array includes N (N≥2) resonators 10, all N resonators 10 can be connected in series; all N resonators 10 can be connected in parallel; some of the N resonators 10 can be connected in series and the other part can be connected in parallel; the N resonators 10 can be first formed into multiple series branches, and then the multiple series branches can be connected in parallel; the N resonators 10 can be first formed into multiple parallel branches, and then the multiple parallel branches can be connected in series. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the number and connection method of the resonators 10, and can be set according to the actual application scenario.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the series connection is used to improve the quality factor of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, the quality factor being the ratio of stored energy to lost energy of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array; the parallel connection is used to improve the bandwidth of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array.

[0041] The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel, which can significantly improve the radiation efficiency of the overall antenna array compared to a single antenna.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the wavelength and frequency of each resonator 10 in the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array are kept consistent (e.g., the operating frequency of each resonator 10 is in the GHz range) so that the surface acoustic waves in the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array are consistent in frequency and phase, thereby achieving high-frequency signal radiation in a small size.

[0043] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1As shown, the resonator 10 includes a piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure 0, an interdigital transducer layer 4, a waveguide layer 5, and a magnetostrictive layer 6; the interdigital transducer layer 4 is deposited on the piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure 0, the waveguide layer 5 is deposited on the interdigital shape region of the interdigital transducer layer 4, and the magnetostrictive layer 6 is deposited on the waveguide layer 5.

[0044] The interdigital transducer layer 4 uses the inverse piezoelectric effect to drive the piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure 0 to generate surface acoustic waves. The waveguide layer 5 is used to focus the surface acoustic waves into an acoustic signal and transmit it upward to the magnetostrictive layer 6. The magnetostrictive layer 6 uses the inverse magnetostrictive effect to convert the acoustic signal into an electromagnetic signal; or, the magnetostrictive layer 6 uses the magnetostrictive effect to convert the received electromagnetic signal into an acoustic signal. The waveguide layer 5 is used to transmit the acoustic signal downward so that the interdigital transducer layer 4 can obtain the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure 0 due to the piezoelectric effect.

[0045] The piezoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where a medium, when deformed by an external force in a certain direction, develops internal polarization, resulting in opposite charges appearing on its two opposing surfaces. The inverse piezoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where, when an electric field is applied along the polarization direction of this dielectric material, it undergoes mechanical deformation or stress. Both effects produce reversible changes to the medium; that is, once the external force or electric field is removed, the charged state and deformation disappear. Materials exhibiting this effect achieve the conversion between mechanical and electrical energy.

[0046] Among them, magnetostriction refers to the phenomenon that the geometric dimensions of ferromagnetic or subferromagnetic materials change reversibly due to changes in magnetic domain structure during magnetization; inverse magnetostriction is the reverse process of magnetostriction, which refers to the phenomenon that the magnetic parameters (such as permeability) of ferromagnetic materials change significantly when subjected to mechanical stress.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array can transmit electromagnetic waves through the inverse piezoelectric effect and the inverse magnetostrictive effect, and convert electromagnetic wave signals into voltage signals through the magnetostrictive effect and the piezoelectric effect.

[0048] For example, the piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure 0 includes at least a piezoelectric material and an insulating material, and the interdigitated transducer layer 4 is located on the side where the piezoelectric material is located, so as to drive the piezoelectric material to generate surface acoustic waves by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect, or to receive the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric material due to the piezoelectric effect.

[0049] For example, the interdigital transducer layer 4 is a metal material with good conductivity, which may include one or more of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, gold, platinum, aluminum, silver, ruthenium, and copper; it should be understood that the embodiments of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, the material of the interdigital transducer layer 4 may also be other conductive materials.

[0050] For example, the waveguide layer 5 is a thin film with good insulation properties, which may include at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and aluminum nitride (AlN); it should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, the material of the waveguide layer 5 may also be other materials with good insulation properties.

[0051] The waveguide layer 5 has a thickness ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 wavelengths to ensure good electromechanical coupling.

[0052] Exemplarily, the magnetostrictive layer 6 is a thin film with a large magnetostriction coefficient, good soft magnetic properties, low damping factor, and low eddy current loss, and may include at least one of iron gallium boron (FeGaB) thin film, iron cobalt (FeCo) thin film, iron (Fe) thin film, nickel (Ni) thin film, iron gallium carbon (FeGaC) thin film, iron cobalt silicon boron (FeCoSiB) thin film, magnetic alloy thin film containing rare earth elements, and metallic glass thin film. It should be understood that the embodiments of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, that the material of the magnetostrictive layer 6 may also be other materials with a large magnetostriction coefficient, good soft magnetic properties, low damping factor, and low eddy current loss.

[0053] The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array of the present disclosure can significantly improve the radiation efficiency of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array by connecting multiple resonators 10 in series and / or in parallel. For example, the gain of a 9×10 surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array can reach -11.3 dBi and the radiation efficiency exceeds 5%, which is nearly 90 times higher than that of a single 1×1 antenna.

[0054] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array includes 3×2 resonators 10, wherein every three resonators 10 are connected in series as a branch, and two series branches are connected in parallel to form a 3×2 surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array.

[0055] like Figure 2As shown, each resonator 10, stacked from bottom to top, includes: a piezoelectric insulating heterostructure 0, an interdigital transducer layer 4, a waveguide layer 5, and a magnetostrictive layer 6. The interdigital transducer layer 4 is deposited on the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure 0 and generates alternating acoustic signals through external excitation. The waveguide layer 5 is deposited on the interdigital shape region of the interdigital transducer layer 4 to transmit the acoustic signals upward. The magnetostrictive layer 6 is deposited on the shape region of the waveguide layer 5 and, using the acoustic signals transmitted from the waveguide layer 5, converts the acoustic signals into electromagnetic signals based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect, generating outward radiation.

[0056] Figure 3 A plan view of an interdigital transducer layer according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the interdigitated transducer layer 4 may include a first electrode S and a second electrode G; the first electrode S includes a plurality of first strip-shaped electrode portions S211, and the second electrode G includes a plurality of second strip-shaped electrode portions G211; each first strip-shaped electrode portion S211 is along a first direction (e.g., Figure 3 The first strip electrode portion S211 and the second strip electrode portion G211 extend in the longitudinal direction, and the plurality of first strip electrode portions S211 and the plurality of second strip electrode portions G211 extend in the second direction (e.g., longitudinal direction). Figure 3 Arranged horizontally (in the middle), the second direction intersects the first direction. It should be noted that... Figure 3 The number of each strip electrode section is merely illustrative, and the embodiments disclosed herein are not specifically limited thereto.

[0057] For example, the second direction may be perpendicular to the first direction. Of course, embodiments of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, the second direction and the first direction may not be perpendicular.

[0058] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, multiple first strip electrode sections S211 and multiple second strip electrode sections G211 are arranged alternately in the second direction. That is, only one second strip electrode section G211 is provided between two adjacent first strip electrode sections S211, and only one first strip electrode section S211 is provided between two adjacent second strip electrode sections G211. With this arrangement, the resonator 10 can have a high electromechanical coupling coefficient.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the first electrode S further includes a first busbar S212, which is connected to the ends of a plurality of first strip-shaped electrode portions S211, thereby forming a comb-like structure; the second electrode G further includes a second busbar G212, which is connected to the ends of a plurality of second strip-shaped electrode portions G211, thereby forming a comb-like structure. The comb-like structures of the first electrode S and the second electrode G are arranged alternately to form an interdigitated region 21.

[0060] like Figure 3As shown, the interdigital transducer layer 4 also includes a reflective electrode structure 22, which is located on both sides of the interdigital shape region 21 in the second direction. The reflective electrode structure 22 can be used to reflect the surface acoustic waves generated by the interdigital transducer layer 4 to reduce mutual interference between different resonators 10.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure 0 can provide a high-quality acoustic signal while preventing acoustic leakage. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure 0 includes a supporting substrate layer 1, an insulating layer 2, and a piezoelectric single crystal layer 3. The insulating layer 2 is deposited on the supporting substrate layer 1, and the piezoelectric single crystal layer 3 is deposited on the insulating layer 2.

[0062] For example, the supporting substrate 1 includes at least one of silicon, sapphire, silicon carbide, quartz, diamond, gallium nitride, and gallium arsenide; it should be understood that the embodiments of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, the material of the supporting substrate 1 may also be other high-hardness materials.

[0063] For example, the insulating layer 2 includes at least one of polycrystalline silicon, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride; it should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, that the material of the insulating layer 2 may also be other non-conductive materials.

[0064] Exemplarily, the piezoelectric single crystal layer 3 includes at least one of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, quartz, lithium tetraborate, and lanthanum gallium silicate. It should be understood that embodiments of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, that the material of the piezoelectric single crystal layer 3 may also be other piezoelectric materials.

[0065] The insulation layer 2 has a thickness in the range of 0.3-0.5 times the wavelength, and the piezoelectric single crystal layer 3 has a thickness in the range of 0.2-0.5 times the wavelength, which makes the admittance ratio larger and more conducive to radiation.

[0066] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the stacking direction is taken as the vertical direction (see...). Figure 2 The alternating voltage applied to the piezoelectric single crystal layer 3 via the series direction of the resonator 10 is applied vertically to the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array. The alternating voltage applied to the piezoelectric single crystal layer 3 generates periodic strain through the inverse piezoelectric effect. The strain is transferred to the magnetostrictive layer 6, and through the inverse magnetostrictive effect, it acts on the magnetic domains in the magnetostrictive layer 6, generating changing magnetization and realizing the electromagnetic wave radiation process.

[0067] The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments given are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0068] For example, a 4-inch 15° YX-LN bulk wafer can be used. Here, LN indicates that the wafer material is single-crystal lithium niobate, and 15° YX indicates the wafer material cut. A 15° YX-LN / SiO2 / Si heterostructure substrate can be fabricated using wafer bonding technology as the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure 0. Specifically, a 500 nm thick SiO2 layer is deposited on a 4-inch high-resistivity silicon (Si) wafer using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Subsequently, the 15° YX-LN bulk wafer is transferred to the SiO2 / Si substrate through ion implantation, bonding, and annealing-induced lift-off. Finally, the high-quality single-crystal lithium niobate (LN) piezoelectric layer is thinned to a target thickness of 300 nm and planarized using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this configuration, the Si wafer serves as the supporting substrate layer 1, the SiO2 layer as the insulating layer 2, and the planarized single-crystal lithium niobate (LN) as the piezoelectric single-crystal layer 3.

[0069] Then, a 120 nm aluminum thin film was sputtered and deposited on a 15° YX-LN / SiO2 / Si substrate (i.e., the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure 0) as the interdigital transducer layer 4, and a series and / or parallel surface acoustic wave resonator array with a wavelength of 1.2 μm was obtained by patterned lift-off process. Next, a 400 nm thick SiO2 layer (i.e., waveguide layer 5) was deposited on the entire wafer, and CMP technology was introduced to obtain a flat surface on the interdigital transducer layer 4, thereby achieving effective magnetoelectric coupling in FeGaB. Patterning was performed on the same area as the interdigital transducer layer 4 by photolithography. Subsequently, a 50 nm FeGaB thin film was deposited as the magnetostrictive layer 6 by magnetron sputtering. Finally, a surface acoustic wave-driven magnetoelectric antenna array was obtained by lift-off process.

[0070] Optionally, in embodiments of this disclosure, the radiation of the magnetoelectric antenna can be achieved using the inverse piezoelectric effect and the inverse magnetostriction effect, and the S-parameters of the magnetoelectric antenna can be obtained using an RF probe, a horn antenna, and a vector network analyzer. For example, different numbers of surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna arrays (e.g., 1×1 to 9×10) can be combined with horn antennas, and the S-parameters can be tested on an RF probe station.

[0071] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the test results of a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, the left side represents surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna arrays ranging from 1×1 to 9×10. 11 Parameters. Among them, S 11The parameter represents the ratio of the signal reflected at the input port of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetoelectric antenna array, and can be used to evaluate the antenna's standing wave ratio (VSWR) and matching performance. It can be seen that the frequency of the arrayed magnetoelectric antennas remains almost consistent, within the 2.55 GHz–2.58 GHz range, and all exhibit good impedance matching.

[0073] like Figure 4 As shown, the middle part represents the far-field S corresponding to the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array from 1×1 to 9×10. 21 Radiation parameters were measured at a distance of 50cm between the horn antenna and the magnetoelectric antenna array. It can be seen that as the number of antennas in the array increases, S... 21 The radiation intensity gradually increases.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, the right side shows the gain of surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna arrays from 1×1 to 9×10. The gain of different numbers of magnetoelectric antenna arrays can be calculated using the gain comparison method. It can be seen that the 9×10 antenna array has the highest gain, reaching -11.3 dBi, with a radiation efficiency of over 5%. Compared with a single 1×1 antenna, the radiation efficiency is nearly 90 times higher.

[0075] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the data transmission system includes a signal generating module 41, a transmitting antenna 42, a receiving antenna 43, and a signal processing module 44. Both the transmitting antenna 42 and the receiving antenna 43 employ a surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array as described above (e.g., Figure 1 The signal generating module 41 is used to convert the first image into an alternating excitation signal to drive the transmitting antenna 42 to transmit electromagnetic waves; the receiving antenna 43 is used to convert the received electromagnetic waves into a voltage signal and transmit it to the signal processing module 44 so that the signal processing module 44 converts the voltage signal into a second image.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the data transmission system of this disclosure is applicable to radio frequency identification devices, implantable or wearable medical imaging devices, and highly integrated wireless communication systems, in order to balance antenna miniaturization and high-frequency, high-efficiency antenna radiation.

[0077] In the example, the signal generating module 41 may be an electronic device for converting the first image signal into a digital signal and generating an alternating excitation signal that can drive the transmitting antenna 42. It may be a user equipment (UE), mobile device, user terminal, terminal, cellular phone, cordless phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device, computing device, vehicle device, wearable device, server, etc. The embodiments disclosed herein are not limited in this regard.

[0078] Alternatively, the signal generation module 41 may also be a processor used to convert the first image signal into a digital signal and generate an alternating excitation signal that can drive the transmitting antenna 42, including but not limited to: a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0079] Similarly, the signal processing module 44 can be an electronic device for converting the voltage signal output by the receiving antenna 43 into a second image. It can be a user equipment (UE), mobile device, user terminal, terminal, cellular phone, cordless phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device, computing device, vehicle device, wearable device, server, etc. The embodiments disclosed herein are not limited in this regard.

[0080] Alternatively, the signal processing module 44 may be a processor for converting the voltage signal output by the receiving antenna 43 into a second image, including but not limited to: a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0081] The embodiments disclosed herein construct a high-efficiency, high-frequency data transmission system, which enables high-speed image transmission between magnetoelectric antennas at the decimeter level. It can be applied to wireless transmission between radio frequency identification technology and medical imaging equipment in wireless communication systems, achieving antenna miniaturization and high integration.

[0082] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another data transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 6 As shown, the signal generation module 41 includes a first field-programmable gate array 411, a digital-to-analog converter 412, and a first power amplifier 413. The first field-programmable gate array 411 is used to acquire the first image from the first computer 40 and perform digital modulation processing on the binary image of the first image to obtain a digitally modulated signal. The digital-to-analog converter 412 is used to convert the digitally modulated signal into an analog signal. The first power amplifier 413 is used to amplify the analog signal and use the amplified first signal as an alternating excitation signal.

[0083] For example, a first image can be programmed into a first field-programmable gate array (FPGA) 411 using a first computer 40. The FPGA 411 converts the first image into a binary image and performs digital modulation processing on the binary image to generate a digital modulated signal. For instance, the FPGA 411 can encode binary data (1 / 0) by switching between two different amplitude levels in the digital waveform to obtain the digital modulated signal. The digital modulated signal generated by the FPGA 411 is input to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 412. The DAC 412 converts the digital modulated signal into a corresponding analog signal and reconstructs the modulated waveform in the analog domain. The analog signal output by the DAC 412 is amplified by a first power amplifier 413 and then applied to the input electrode of the transmitting antenna 42.

[0084] The binarization of the first image involves setting the pixel values ​​of each pixel in the first image to a first value and a second value to reduce the amount of data transmission. Binarization methods may include fixed thresholding, adaptive thresholding, iterative selection thresholding, maximum entropy thresholding, etc., and the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to these methods.

[0085] Digital modulation processing is used to convert signals generated by a source (such as binary images) into a form suitable for wireless transmission. Digital modulation processing may include Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, etc., and the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto. For example, ASK modulation can switch between two different amplitude levels in a digital waveform to encode a binary image. At the acoustic resonant frequency of the magnetoelectric antenna, logic '1' is represented by a higher amplitude carrier waveform, while logic '0' is represented by a zero-amplitude carrier waveform.

[0086] In this way, a signal generation module 41 was constructed in a high-efficiency, high-frequency data transmission system, realizing high-speed image transmission between magnetoelectric antennas at the decimeter level. It can be applied to wireless transmission between radio frequency identification technology and medical imaging equipment in wireless communication systems, achieving antenna miniaturization and high integration.

[0087] like Figure 6 As shown, the signal processing module 44 includes a second power amplifier 441, an analog-to-digital converter 442, a second field-programmable gate array 443, and a second computer 444. The second power amplifier 441 is used to amplify the voltage signal to obtain an amplified second signal; the analog-to-digital converter 442 is used to convert the analog second signal into a digital signal; the second field-programmable gate array 443 is used to buffer and clock-synchronize the received digital signal to obtain encoded data; and the second computer 444 is used to decode the encoded data to obtain the second image.

[0088] For example, the voltage signal output by the receiving antenna 43 reflects the received digital modulation waveform (e.g., an ASK modulation waveform). This voltage signal is a weak analog signal, which can be amplified by the second power amplifier 441 and then input to the analog-to-digital converter 442. The analog-to-digital converter 442 samples and quantizes this analog second signal, converting it back into a digital waveform representing the received digital modulation signal. The digital signal from the analog-to-digital converter 442 is processed by the second field-programmable gate array 443 and decoded by the second computer 444, outputting the corresponding second image data.

[0089] In this way, the signal processing module 44 in the high-efficiency high-frequency data transmission system is constructed, realizing high-speed image reception at the decimeter level between magnetoelectric antennas. It can be applied to the wireless transmission between radio frequency identification technology and medical imaging equipment in wireless communication systems, and realizes antenna miniaturization and high integration.

[0090] In one possible implementation, the data transmission system enables decimeter-level wireless image transmission between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna without the need for a metal radio frequency antenna.

[0091] In this example, to balance the high radiation efficiency and small size of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetoelectric antenna array, two identical 4×4 SAW magnetoelectric antenna arrays can be selected for high-frequency image transmission. Figure 7 A physical schematic diagram of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0092] It should be understood that, in order to facilitate testing and save experimental resources, Figure 7 In this embodiment, the first and second field-programmable gate arrays use the same FPGA, which also integrates an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Similarly, the first and second computers use the same computer, and the first and second power amplifiers also use the same power amplifier (e.g., a low-noise power amplifier). In practical applications, the configuration can be adjusted according to the actual usage scenario, and the embodiments disclosed herein do not impose any limitations on this.

[0093] First, the first image to be transmitted can be converted into a bit document using a computer and burned into an FPGA. The FPGA generates a digital baseband ASK signal. The FPGA's sampling frequency is 40MHz and its bandwidth is 20MHz. By switching between two different amplitude levels in the digital waveform to encode the binary data (1 / 0), a digital modulation signal is obtained. Specifically, at the acoustic resonant frequency of the magnetoelectric antenna, logic '1' is represented by a higher amplitude carrier waveform, while logic '0' is represented by a zero-amplitude carrier waveform.

[0094] The digital modulation signal generated by the FPGA can be represented as a digital ASK waveform, which can be input into a DAC. The DAC converts the digital modulation signal into a corresponding analog signal (e.g., an analog voltage signal), and reconstructs the ASK modulation waveform in the analog domain. Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the analog signal output by the DAC in a data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The analog signal output by the DAC is amplified by a low-noise power amplifier and then applied to the input electrodes of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array (e.g., Figure 2 The first electrode S and the second electrode G are then used as the transmitting antenna. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array then transmits electromagnetic waves through the inverse piezoelectric effect and the inverse magnetostrictive effect.

[0095] like Figure 7 As shown, two surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetoelectric antenna arrays are spaced 25 cm apart. Through magnetostriction and piezoelectric effects, the receiving SAW antenna array (i.e., the receiving antenna) converts the electromagnetic wave signal into a voltage signal. This voltage signal reflects the received ASK modulated waveform. The weak analog voltage signal generated by the receiving antenna is amplified by a low-noise amplifier and then input to an ADC. The ADC samples and quantizes this amplified second signal, converting it back into a digital waveform representing the received ASK signal, i.e., a digital signal. Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the digital signal output by the ADC in a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is provided. (Comparison) Figure 8 and Figure 9 As can be seen, the waveforms of the original analog signal and the amplified signal roughly match. The digital signal from the ADC is processed by the FPGA and decoded by the computer to output the corresponding second image data at a rate of 1.25 Mbps.

[0096] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating the transmission effect of a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 10 As shown, the left side is the first transmitted image, and the right side is the actual second image received by the receiving antenna at a distance of 25cm. The first and second images are highly consistent, demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of this data transmission system.

[0097] This high-efficiency surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, measuring only 1 mm², successfully achieved high-speed image transmission of 1.25 Mbps within a 25 cm range between the transmitting and receiving antennas at 2.55 GHz. This efficient, high-frequency data transmission system holds promise for applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology within wireless communication systems and for wireless transmission between medical imaging equipment, enabling antenna miniaturization and high integration.

[0098] In some embodiments, the functions or modules of the apparatus provided in this disclosure can be used to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation can be referred to the description of the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0099] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0100] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, characterized in that, The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array includes at least two resonators, and the connection of the at least two resonators includes at least one of series connection and parallel connection. The resonator includes a piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure, an interdigital transducer layer, a waveguide layer, and a magnetostrictive layer. The interdigitated transducer layer is deposited on the piezoelectric insulating heterostructure, the waveguide layer is deposited on the interdigitated shape region of the interdigitated transducer layer, and the magnetostrictive layer is deposited on the waveguide layer; The interdigitated transducer layer utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect to drive the heterostructure of the piezoelectric insulating layer to generate surface acoustic waves. The waveguide layer is used to focus the surface acoustic waves into an acoustic signal and transmit it upward to the magnetostrictive layer. The magnetostrictive layer utilizes the inverse magnetostrictive effect to convert the acoustic signal into an electromagnetic signal, or... The magnetostrictive layer uses the magnetostrictive effect to convert the received electromagnetic wave signal into an acoustic wave signal, and the waveguide layer is used to transmit the acoustic wave signal downward so that the interdigital transducer layer can obtain the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure due to the piezoelectric effect.

2. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The series connection method is used to improve the quality factor of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array, where the quality factor is the ratio of stored energy to lost energy of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array. The parallel connection method is used to increase the bandwidth of the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array.

3. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wavelength and frequency of each resonator in the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array are kept consistent so that the surface acoustic waves in the surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array are kept consistent in frequency and phase.

4. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The waveguide layer is an insulating thin film, and the thickness of the waveguide layer ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 times the wavelength.

5. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The interdigitated transducer layer includes at least one of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, gold, platinum, aluminum, silver, ruthenium, and copper; The waveguide layer includes at least one of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride. The magnetostrictive layer includes at least one of the following: iron gallium boron thin film, iron cobalt thin film, iron thin film, nickel thin film, iron gallium carbon thin film, iron cobalt silicon boron thin film, magnetic alloy thin film containing rare earth elements, and metallic glass thin film.

6. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The piezoelectric insulating layer heterostructure includes a supporting substrate layer, an insulating layer, and a piezoelectric single crystal layer. The insulating layer is deposited on the supporting substrate layer, and the piezoelectric single crystal layer is deposited on the insulating layer. The thickness of the piezoelectric single crystal layer is in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 times the wavelength, and the thickness of the insulating layer is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 times the wavelength.

7. The surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The supporting substrate layer includes at least one of silicon, sapphire, silicon carbide, quartz, diamond, gallium nitride, and gallium arsenide; The insulating layer includes at least one of polycrystalline silicon, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride. The piezoelectric single crystal layer includes at least one of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, quartz, lithium tetraborate, and lanthanum gallium silicate.

8. A data transmission system, characterized in that, The data transmission system includes a signal generating module, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, and a signal processing module, wherein the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both surface acoustic wave magnetoelectric antenna arrays as described in any one of claims 1 to 7. The signal generating module is used to convert the first image into an alternating excitation signal to drive the transmitting antenna to transmit electromagnetic waves; The receiving antenna is used to convert the received electromagnetic waves into a voltage signal and transmit it to the signal processing module, so that the signal processing module can convert the voltage signal into a second image.

9. The data transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The signal generation module includes a first field-programmable gate array, a digital-to-analog converter, and a first power amplifier. The first field-programmable gate array is used to acquire the first image from the first computer and perform digital modulation processing on the binary image of the first image to obtain a digital modulation signal; The digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the digital modulated signal into an analog signal; The first power amplifier is used to amplify the analog signal and use the amplified first signal as an alternating excitation signal.

10. The data transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The signal processing module includes a second power amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a second field-programmable gate array, and a second computer. The second power amplifier is used to amplify the voltage signal to obtain the amplified second signal; The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the analog second signal into a digital signal; The second field-programmable gate array is used to buffer and clock-synchronize the received digital signals to obtain encoded data; The second computer is used to decode the encoded data to obtain the second image.

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