Charger

Abstract

The invention discloses a charger. The charger comprises a housing; the battery pack interface is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with a battery pack; the Peltier element is contained in the shell, the Peltier element comprises a first working face and a second working face, the first working face absorbs heat and the second working face releases heat in the first working mode, and the first working face releases heat and the second working face absorbs heat in the second working mode; and the controller is electrically connected with the battery pack interface and the Peltier element, and the controller is configured to obtain the temperature of the battery pack and control the Peltier element to enter a first working mode or a second working mode according to the temperature of the battery pack. According to the charger, the working principle of the Peltier element is utilized, and the battery pack is cooled or heated through the battery pack interface, so that the battery pack is at a proper charging temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a battery system, specifically to a temperature sensing component for a battery pack and the battery pack itself. Background Technology

[0002] Battery packs play a vital role as portable power sources in daily production and life. They can power handheld power tools such as electric drills, impact drills, impact wrenches, impact screwdrivers, and angle grinders, and can also be used in vehicles.

[0003] During charging and discharging, the cells in a battery pack generate heat, and the accumulated heat can easily lead to thermal runaway. Therefore, over-temperature protection is necessary when the cell temperature becomes too high. In existing technology, battery packs typically use temperature sensing elements such as NTC sensors to collect the cell temperature. The installation method of the temperature sensing element has a significant impact on the accuracy of the cell temperature data. If the temperature sensing element is not installed in close contact with the cell, over-temperature protection may not be timely, resulting in a safety risk.

[0004] This section provides background information related to this application, which is not necessarily prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this application is to solve or at least mitigate some or all of the aforementioned problems, enabling the battery pack to quickly reach a suitable charging temperature. To achieve this objective, the present invention employs the following technical solution: A charger includes: a housing; a battery pack interface disposed in the housing for electrical connection with a battery pack; a Peltier element housed in the housing, the Peltier element including a first working surface and a second working surface, wherein in a first working mode, the first working surface absorbs heat and the second working surface releases heat, and in a second working mode, the first working surface releases heat and the second working surface absorbs heat; and a controller electrically connected to the battery pack interface and the Peltier element, the controller being configured to: acquire the temperature of the battery pack, and control the Peltier element to enter either the first working mode or the second working mode based on the temperature of the battery pack.

[0006] In some embodiments, the controller obtains the temperature of the battery pack by communicating with the battery pack.

[0007] In some embodiments, the controller obtains the temperature of the battery pack via a temperature sensor on the charger.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first working surface is positioned closer to the battery pack interface than the second working surface.

[0009] In some embodiments, the charger includes a first fan, which in a first operating mode dissipates heat from the second working surface.

[0010] In some embodiments, the charger further includes a control board, on which a controller is disposed.

[0011] In some embodiments, the charger has a charging air outlet, through which airflow can pass through the control board and the second working surface via a first fan and then be discharged.

[0012] In some embodiments, the charger includes a second fan and has a charging air inlet, through which airflow can flow through the charging air inlet, across the first working surface, and into the battery pack interface.

[0013] In some embodiments, the switching between the first operating mode and the second operating mode is achieved by reversing the power supply to the Peltier element.

[0014] A charger includes: a housing; a battery pack interface disposed in the housing for electrical connection with a battery pack; a Peltier element housed in the housing, the Peltier element including a first working surface and a second working surface, the first working surface being disposed near the battery pack interface relative to the second working surface; a first fan configured to guide airflow through the second working surface; and a second fan configured to guide airflow through the first working surface to the battery pack interface.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first fan is configured to guide airflow from inside the housing to outside the housing, and the second fan is configured to guide airflow from outside the housing into the housing.

[0016] In some embodiments, the charger further includes a control board, and a first fan is configured to guide airflow through the control board and a second working surface.

[0017] In some embodiments, heat dissipation fins are provided on the first working surface and / or the second working surface.

[0018] In some embodiments, the charger includes a barrier element, with a first working surface and a second working surface located on opposite sides of the barrier element.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first fan and the second fan are respectively mounted on both sides of the baffle element.

[0020] In some embodiments, the Peltier element has a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, the first working surface absorbs heat and the second working surface releases heat. In the second operating mode, the first working surface releases heat and the second working surface absorbs heat.

[0021] In some embodiments, the switching between the first operating mode and the second operating mode is achieved by reversing the power supply to the Peltier element.

[0022] The advantage of this application is that the charger provided in this application has a Peltier element in the charger casing. By utilizing the working principle of the Peltier element, the battery pack can be cooled or heated through the battery pack interface, thereby keeping the battery pack at a suitable charging temperature and ensuring charging efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a battery pack; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a side shell. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another side shell section; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell and the heat spreader. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack with the side shell removed; Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram showing the battery pack without the side shell. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side shell. Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the side shell; Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of the side shell; Figure 10 This is another exploded view of the battery pack; Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of the battery pack; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Exploded view of the battery pack; Figure 14 yes Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of the battery pack; Figure 15 This is another schematic diagram of the battery pack; Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A cross-sectional view of the battery pack; Figure 17 yes Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the side shell of the battery pack; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the temperature sensing element; Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A top view of the battery pack; Figure 20 yes Figure 19 AA view; Figure 21yes Figure 20 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack without its casing assembly; Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the surrounding components being installed on the battery cell; Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the surrounding element; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another environmentally friendly component installed on the battery cell; Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of a flexible arm installed on a battery cell support. Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation slots in the battery cell bracket; Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram showing that the battery cell support has fixing components. Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​horizontal bars on the battery cell bracket; Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram showing a mounting hole in the battery cell bracket; Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram showing another type of mounting hole for the battery cell bracket; Figure 32 yes Figure 31 Cross-sectional view of the probe mounting area; Figure 33 This is a stacking diagram of the first type of battery cell; Figure 34 yes Figure 33 Top view; Figure 35 This is a stacking diagram of the second type of battery cell; Figure 36 yes Figure 35 Top view; Figure 37 This is a stacked diagram of the third type of battery cell; Figure 38 yes Figure 37 Top view; Figure 39 This is a stacking diagram of the fourth type of battery cell; Figure 40 yes Figure 39 Top view; Figure 41 This is a stacked diagram of the fifth type of battery cell; Figure 42 yes Figure 41 Top view; Figure 43 This is a stacked diagram of the sixth type of battery cell; Figure 44 yes Figure 43 Top view; Figure 45 This is a stacked diagram of lithium iron phosphate battery cells; Figure 46 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the magnetic components and the temperature sensing components; Figure 47 yes Figure 46 A top view of the battery pack; Figure 48 yes Figure 47 BB view; Figure 49 yes Figure 48 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 50 This is a schematic diagram of another temperature sensing element installation; Figure 51 yes Figure 50 A top view of the battery pack; Figure 52 yes Figure 51 CC view; Figure 53 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack with a vertical airflow path. Figure 54 yes Figure 53 A top view of the battery pack; Figure 55 yes Figure 54 DD-direction view; Figure 56 yes Figure 54 EE view; Figure 57 yes Figure 54 A schematic diagram showing the removal of the housing assembly; Figure 58 This is a schematic diagram of another type of battery pack with a vertical airflow path; Figure 59 yes Figure 58 A top view of the battery pack; Figure 60 yes Figure 59 FF view; Figure 61 This is a top view of a battery pack with a vertical air outlet. Figure 62 yes Figure 61 GG view; Figure 63 This is another top view of a battery pack with a vertical air outlet. Figure 64 yes Figure 63 HH view; Figure 65 yes Figure 63 II-direction view; Figure 66 This is another top view of a battery pack with a vertical air outlet. Figure 67 yes Figure 66 The JJ view; Figure 68 This is a side view of a battery pack with a vertical air outlet. Figure 69 yes Figure 68 KK view; Figure 70 This is another side view of a battery pack with a vertical air outlet. Figure 71 yes Figure 70 LL view; Figure 72 This is a top view of the charger; Figure 73 yes Figure 72 MM view; Figure 74 yes Figure 72 NN-directed view; Figure 75 This is a flowchart of how the charger works.

[0024] In the picture: 1. Battery pack; 10. Temperature sensing element; 101. Wire; 102. Probe; 11. Battery cell; 111. Sealant; 112. Magnetic housing; 113. First end face; 114. Second end face; 115. Electrode; 115a. First type of electrode; 115b. Second type of electrode; 116. Center surface; 12. Battery cell bracket; 121. Heat dissipation fin; 122a. First air inlet; 122b. First air inlet; 1221b. Cavity; 12211b. First end; 12212b. Second end; 122c. First air inlet; 123. Locking position; 124a. First air outlet; 124b. First air outlet; 124c. First air outlet; 1251. End face opening; 1252. Isolator; 126. Flexible arm; 127. Wiring harness fixing Structure; 128. Fixing component; 1281. Snap-fit ​​crossbar; 129. Mounting hole; 13. Terminal assembly; 14. Encircling element; 141. Limiting structure; 1411. Protruding crossbar; 1412. Clamping arm; 1413. Three-dimensional receiving space; 1414. Recessed cavity; 15. Housing assembly; 151. Side shell; 1511. Frame; 1512. Cover plate; 1513. Air gap; 1513a. Pressure relief channel; 1514. Seal; 1515. Thin-walled cover; 1516. Pressure relief port; 152. Upper shell; 1521. Button; 1522. Top cover; 153. Second air inlet; 154. Second air outlet; 155. End cover; 1551. Recess; 16. Heat dissipation element; 17. Magnetic element; 18. Connecting piece; 19. Circuit board; 2. Charger; 21. Housing; 211. Charging air outlet; 212. Charging air inlet; 22. Peltier element; 221. First working surface; 222. Second working surface; 223. Heat sink fins; 23. Barrier element; 24. Battery pack interface; 25. First fan; 26. Second fan; 27. Controller; 28. Control board. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Before explaining any implementation of this application in detail, it should be understood that this application is not limited to its application to the structural details and component arrangements set forth in the following description or shown in the above drawings.

[0026] In this application, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0027] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "and / or" relationship.

[0028] In this application, the terms "connection," "combination," "coupling," and "installation" can refer to direct connection, combination, coupling, or installation, or indirect connection, combination, coupling, or installation. For example, a direct connection refers to two parts or components being connected together without the need for an intermediary, while an indirect connection refers to two parts or components each being connected to at least one intermediary, with the connection achieved through the intermediary. Furthermore, "connection" and "coupling" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, but can also include electrical connections or couplings.

[0029] In this application, those skilled in the art will understand that relative terms used in conjunction with quantities or conditions include the values ​​and have the meaning indicated by the context. For example, such relative terms include at least the degree of error associated with the measurement of a particular value, tolerances associated with the particular value due to manufacturing, assembly, use, etc. Such terms should also be considered as disclosing a range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints. Relative terms may refer to a certain percentage addition or subtraction of the indicated value. Numerical values ​​not using relative terms should also be disclosed as specific values ​​with tolerances. Furthermore, "basic" when expressing a relative angular relationship may refer to an addition or subtraction of a certain degree based on the indicated angle.

[0030] In this application, those skilled in the art will understand that the function performed by a component can be performed by one component, multiple components, one part, or multiple parts. Similarly, the function performed by a part can also be performed by one part, one component, or a combination of multiple parts.

[0031] In this application, the directional terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" are used to describe the orientation and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when an element is mentioned as being connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected through an intermediate element. It should also be understood that directional terms such as upper side, lower side, left side, right side, front side, and rear side not only represent positive orientation but can also be understood as lateral orientation. For example, "below" can include directly below, lower left, lower right, lower front, and lower rear.

[0032] In this application, the terms "device," "module," or "unit" are used to describe devices that can be implemented in hardware or software to perform a specific function.

[0033] Battery packs play a vital role as portable power sources in daily production and life. They provide power to handheld power tools such as electric drills, impact drills, impact wrenches, impact screwdrivers, and angle grinders. Furthermore, even after the battery pack is fully discharged, it can be recharged for continued use.

[0034] During the charging and discharging process of the battery pack, in order to effectively cool the battery cells and ensure stable operation of the battery pack, such as... Figures 1 to 17 As shown, this application provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 11, a battery cell support 12, and a terminal assembly 13.

[0035] The battery cell support 12 is configured to support multiple battery cells 11. A terminal assembly 13 is electrically connected to the multiple battery cells 11 and is used for interface coupling with a power tool, thereby allowing the electrical energy from the battery cells 11 to be output to the power tool through the terminal assembly 13 to drive the power tool to operate. The battery cell support 12 is at least partially exposed to the external environment, and the thermal conductivity of the battery cell support 12 is greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (M·K).

[0036] By exposing at least a portion of the cell support 12 to the external environment, the heat generated during the charging and discharging of the cell 11 can be directly exchanged with the outside environment through the cell support 12, shortening the heat dissipation path. Moreover, the cell support 12 has a large thermal conductivity, which can effectively conduct the heat of the cell 11, thereby reducing the battery cooling time and ensuring the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack 1.

[0037] In some embodiments, the cell support 12 has a locking slot 123 for fixing the circuit board 19. By forming the locking slot 123 on the cell support 12, it is convenient to position and install the circuit board 19, and after the circuit board 19 is installed, it can be ensured that the circuit board 19 is stably set on the cell support 12.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple battery cells 11 are disposed inside a battery cell support 12, and a circuit board 19 is disposed outside the battery cell support 12. The battery cell support 12 separates the battery cells 11 from the circuit board 19, so that the battery cells 11 and the circuit board 19 are not in the same interior, thereby preventing the heat generated by the battery cells 11 and the circuit board 19 during operation from accumulating.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the slot 123 has heat dissipation ribs 121 formed therein, which are disposed between the plurality of battery cells 11 and the circuit board 19. By forming heat dissipation ribs 121 on the slot 123, the surface area of ​​the heat dissipation ribs 121 is fully utilized, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area. Moreover, since the heat dissipation ribs 121 are located between the battery cells 11 and the circuit board 19, they are beneficial for dissipating the heat generated by the circuit board 19 and the battery cells 11, thereby accelerating the heat dissipation speed. In some embodiments, multiple heat dissipation ribs 121 can be arranged at intervals, thereby further increasing the heat dissipation area and ensuring heat dissipation efficiency.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the battery pack 1 further includes a side shell portion 151, which is generally perpendicular to the axis of the battery cell 11 and is used to cover the electrodes of the plurality of battery cells 11. By providing the side shell portion 151, the electrodes of the battery cell 11 can be protected from direct impact.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the electrodes of the battery cell 11 are covered with sealant 111. Covering the electrodes of the battery cell 11 with sealant 111 serves a waterproof function, preventing water from entering between the battery cells 11 through the electrode side. Furthermore, by selecting the flow parameters of the sealant 111, it can flow through the openings in the connecting piece 18 to the back of the connecting piece 18, sealing the entire circumference of the battery cell 11 and achieving the purpose of protecting the battery cell 11 from water ingress around its circumference. However, covering the electrode side of the battery cell 11 with sealant 111 can lead to poor heat dissipation. To solve this problem, in one embodiment, the sealant 111 is a thermally conductive sealant 111 with a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.3 W / (M·K). The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sealant 111 can be 0.3 W / (M·K), 0.4 W / (M·K), 0.6 W / (M·K), etc. Because the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sealant 111 is greater than that of air, it can effectively conduct heat dissipation from the electrodes of the battery cell 11. Furthermore, the thermally conductive sealant 111 can adhere to the side shell 151, allowing the heat generated by the battery cell 11 to be conducted through the electrodes and the thermally conductive sealant 111 to the side shell 151 for dissipation. This heat conduction process eliminates air gaps, reduces thermal resistance, and improves the heat exchange efficiency between the battery cell 11 and the external environment.

[0042] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1 further includes a fuse, and the cell support 12 includes support ribs for supporting the fuse. By supporting the fuse on the support ribs of the cell support 12, the fuse is separated from the cell 11, thereby preventing heat accumulation. Furthermore, a heat insulation pad can be placed between the fuse and the cell support 12 to prevent heat from the fuse from being conducted to the cell support 12. Additionally, the fuse can be integrated into the transition connector 18 of the battery pack 1 and arranged on the circuit board 19, such that the fuse and the cell 11 are separated by the upper shell 152 of the battery pack 1, the circuit board 19, air, and the cell support 12, thus preventing the heat generated by the fuse from affecting the cell 11.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the battery pack 1 further includes an upper shell 152, which is disposed between the terminal assembly 13 and the circuit board 19. By providing the upper shell 152, the battery cell 11 can be protected, and the terminal assembly 13 can be separated from the battery cell 11, further reducing the impact of the heat from the terminal assembly 13 on the battery cell 11. An upper cover 1522 is also provided on the terminal assembly 13, which covers the terminal assembly 13 and is used to protect the terminal assembly 13.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a sealing element 1514 is provided between the cell support 12 and the upper shell 152 or the side shell 151. By providing the sealing element 1514, the gap between the cell support 12 and the upper shell 152 or the side shell 151 is effectively sealed, thereby preventing water from entering the cell 11. To further improve the waterproof effect, a flexible ring or flexible sleeve can be attached to the end of the cell 11. The flexible ring or flexible sleeve is sandwiched between the retaining edges of the cell 11, which can seal the gap between the cell 11 and the cell support 12, thereby achieving a waterproof effect. Moreover, the flexible ring or flexible sleeve can act as a buffer, and when different models of cell 11 share the cell support 12, the flexible ring or flexible sleeve can also compensate in terms of axial dimensions.

[0045] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the battery pack 1 further includes a heat-spreading element 16 that holds multiple battery cells 11 together. The thermal conductivity of the heat-spreading element 16 is greater than that of the battery cell support 12, and the battery cell support 12 is in direct contact with the heat-spreading element 16. Since the heat dissipation paths at both ends of the battery cell 11 are shorter than those in the middle, and the heating conditions of different battery cells 11 are different, the heat-spreading element 16 can conduct heat between the battery cells 11, thereby reducing the temperature difference on the surface of the battery cells 11. The heat from each battery cell 11 is conducted to the battery cell support 12 through the heat-spreading element 16. Because the thermal conductivity of the heat-spreading element 16 is greater than that of the battery cell support 12, it ensures that the heat from the battery cells 11 is effectively conducted to the battery cell support 12 and dissipated. The thermal conductivity of the heat-spreading element 16 is greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (M·K), and the thermal conductivity of the heat-spreading element 16 can be 1 W / (M·K), 1.5 W / (M·K), 2 W / (M·K), etc. Because the heat spreader 16 is tightly fitted to the battery cell 11, it ensures a uniform heat distribution. Furthermore, placing the heat spreader 16 at both ends of the battery cell 11 further facilitates temperature uniformity. It is worth noting that the heat spreader 16 does not completely encircle the battery cell 11; instead, it has an opening in the ring portion where it fits around the battery cell 11. The diameter of this ring portion is slightly smaller than the diameter of the battery cell 11. After the ring portion of the heat spreader 16 is fitted onto the battery cell 11, it undergoes elastic deformation. Under the action of the elastic deformation recovery force, the heat spreader 16 tightly fits the battery cell 11.

[0046] In some embodiments, to further improve the cooling effect of the battery cell 11, a cooling air path is provided inside the battery cell bracket 12 to accelerate heat dissipation in conjunction with the charger 2 during charging waiting. Holes or slots can be made on the battery cell bracket 12 at corresponding locations of each battery cell 11, and their dimensions can be adjusted to form cooling air branches, thereby mitigating the problem of faster cooling of the inlet battery cell 11 and slower cooling of the outlet battery cell 11. To ensure cooling effect, the heat spreader 16 does not occupy all the space between the battery cell 11 and the battery cell bracket 12, leaving space for cooling air paths. The heat spreader 16 can be located at one end of multiple battery cells 11, providing space for internal airflow between the battery cells 11.

[0047] In some embodiments, the shortest distance between the exposed end faces of the plurality of battery cells 11 and the battery cell support 12 is less than or equal to 3 mm. The distance between the exposed end faces of the battery cells 11 and the battery cell support 12 mainly includes the sealant 111 and the thickness of the end face of the battery cell support 12. The shortest distance between the exposed end faces of the plurality of battery cells 11 and the battery cell support 12 can be 3 mm, 2.9 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.7 mm, etc. By limiting the shortest distance between the exposed end faces of the battery cells 11 and the battery cell support 12, the distance of the heat dissipation path at the end of the battery cells 11 can be limited, ensuring a shorter heat dissipation path as much as possible, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cells 11.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, in order to shorten the heat dissipation path and thus ensure heat dissipation efficiency, this application also provides a battery pack 1, which includes a plurality of battery cells 11, a housing assembly 15 and a terminal assembly 13.

[0049] The battery cell 11 is generally cylindrical and includes a first end face 113 and a second end face 114. The housing assembly 15 includes at least a side shell portion 151 that is generally parallel to the first end face 113 and the second end face 114. The terminal assembly 13 is electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells 11 and is used for interface coupling with a power tool. Electrical power can be output through the terminal assembly 13 to drive the power tool. In the axial direction of the battery cell 11, there is no air gap between the first end face 113 of the battery cell 11 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance to it, while there is an air gap 1513 between the second end face 114 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance to it.

[0050] Since the air gap 1513 has poor thermal conductivity, by eliminating the air gap 1513 in the heat conduction path of the first end face 113 of the battery cell 11 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight distance to it, the heat conduction path of the battery cell 11 is shortened. Moreover, the heat of the battery cell 11 is dissipated through the first end face 113 and the side shell portion 151, ensuring heat dissipation efficiency.

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the space between the first end face 113 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance to it is filled with sealant 111. Covering the space between the first end face 113 and the side shell portion 151 with sealant 111 serves a waterproof function, preventing water from entering the space between the battery cells 11. Furthermore, by selecting the flow parameters of the sealant 111, it can flow through the openings in the connecting piece 18 to the back of the connecting piece 18, sealing the entire circumference of the battery cell 11 and achieving the purpose of protecting the battery cell 11 from water ingress around its circumference. Moreover, the sealant 111 can adhere to the side shell portion 151. The sealant 111 is a thermally conductive sealant, allowing the heat generated by the battery cell 11 to be conducted through the first end face 113 and the thermally conductive sealant 111 to the side shell portion 151 for dissipation. During this heat conduction process, air gaps are eliminated, thermal resistance is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency between the battery cell 11 and the external environment is improved.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the component between the first end face 113 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance to it is greater than or equal to 0.3 W / (M·K). The component between the first end face 113 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance to it consists of a connecting piece 18 for electrically connecting multiple battery cells 11 and a sealant 111. The thermal conductivity of the component can be 0.4 W / (M·K), 0.5 W / (M·K), 0.6 W / (M·K), etc. Since the thermal conductivity of the component between the first end face 113 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance to it is greater than the thermal conductivity of air, it can effectively conduct heat dissipation from the first end face 113 of the battery cell 11.

[0053] In some embodiments, in the axial direction of the cell 11, at least a portion of the second end face 114 has a coating thickness that is less than that of the first end face 113. Since there is an air gap 1513 between the second end face 114 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance, reducing the coating thickness of the second end face 114 serves two purposes: firstly, it reduces the amount of adhesive used at the second end; secondly, it creates a thin-walled space between the second end and the side shell portion 151, allowing for depressurization of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas when the cell 11 experiences thermal runaway and depressurizes from the second end face 114, thus facilitating depressurization.

[0054] like Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the air gap 1513 between the second end face 114 and the side shell portion 151 with the shortest straight-line distance is located on the side shell portion 151. The side shell portion 151 has a groove on the side facing the second end face 114, and the space of the groove forms the air gap 1513. In order to facilitate the subsequent filling of sealant 111 between the second end face 114 and the side shell portion 151 without affecting the air gap 1513, a thin-walled cover or insulating paper can be installed at the groove of the side shell portion 151 to cover the groove, thereby ensuring the pressure relief space formed by the air gap 1513.

[0055] like Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments, multiple air gaps 1513 exist between the multiple second end faces 114 and the side shell portion 151, and these air gaps 1513 are interconnected. The interconnected air gaps 1513 form a pressure relief channel. A thin-walled cover or insulating paper is installed at the pressure relief channel of the side shell portion 151 to block the pressure relief channel. When sealant 111 is filled between the second end faces 114 and the side shell portion 151, the insulating paper or thin-walled cover isolates the sealant 111 from the pressure relief channel. When the cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas can break through the thin-walled insulating paper or thin-walled cover and release pressure through the pressure relief channel, which is connected to the pressure relief port of the battery pack 1. Moreover, because the pressure relief channel covers a large area, after any cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas can quickly and nearby destroy the side shell portion 151, thereby achieving rapid pressure relief.

[0056] like Figures 7 to 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the side shell 151 includes a frame 1511 and a cover plate 1512 nested within the frame 1511. By designing the side shell 151 as a combination of the frame 1511 and the cover plate 1512, while ensuring protection of the first end face 113 and the second end face 114 of the battery cell 11, a thinner cover plate 1512 can be designed according to actual needs, facilitating subsequent pressure relief in the event of thermal runaway in the battery cell 11.

[0057] In some embodiments, the side shell portion 151 includes heat-conducting ribs. By forming heat-conducting ribs on the side shell portion 151, the heat dissipation area can be increased, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the first end face 113 and the second end face 114 of the battery cell 11. In some embodiments, multiple heat-conducting ribs can be spaced apart, thereby further increasing the heat dissipation area and improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0058] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the battery cell 11 further includes a heat-spreading element 16 that holds multiple battery cells 11 together. The heat-spreading element 16 has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K). Since the heat dissipation paths at both ends of the battery cell 11 are short, while those in the middle are longer, and the heating conditions of different battery cells 11 differ, the heat-spreading element 16 can conduct heat between the battery cells 11, thereby reducing the temperature difference on the surface of the battery cells 11. The thermal conductivity of the heat-spreading element 16 is 1 W / (m·K), 1.5 W / (m·K), 2 W / (m·K), etc. Because the heat-spreading element 16 holds the battery cells 11 together, it ensures a uniform heat distribution. Furthermore, placing the heat-spreading element 16 at both ends of the battery cells 11 further facilitates temperature uniformity within the battery cells 11. It is worth noting that the heat spreader 16 does not completely wrap around the battery cell 11. Instead, an opening is provided in the ring portion of the heat spreader 16 that holds the battery cell 11. The diameter of the ring portion of the heat spreader 16 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the battery cell 11. After the ring portion of the heat spreader 16 is fitted onto the battery cell 11, the ring portion of the heat spreader 16 undergoes elastic deformation. Under the action of the elastic deformation recovery force, the heat spreader 16 holds the battery cell 11 tightly.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the length L1 of the heat spreader 16 in the axial direction of the battery cell 11 is less than or equal to 2 / 3 of the length L4 of the battery cell 11. This arrangement avoids the heat spreader 16 excessively occupying the space between the battery cell 11 and the battery cell support 12, leaving room for cooling airflow. The heat spreader 16 can be disposed at one end of multiple battery cells 11, providing space for internal airflow between the battery cells 11.

[0060] like Figure 49 As shown, in some embodiments, the housing assembly 15 has a second air inlet 153 and a second air outlet 154. Airflow enters from the second air inlet 153, passes through the gaps between the multiple battery cells 11, and exits from the second air outlet 154. By opening the air inlet and outlet on the housing assembly 15, external airflow enters between the multiple battery cells 11 through the second air inlet 153, exchanges heat with the battery cells 11, and the gas after heat exchange is discharged through the second air outlet 154. In this way, the battery cells 11 can be effectively cooled.

[0061] In some embodiments, the battery cell 11 includes a venting device disposed on the second end face 114. The venting device is a safety explosion-proof valve, also known as a self-destruct device, and serves as the last line of defense for the safety of the battery cell 11. When the battery cell 11 experiences high-temperature overcurrent, overcharge, or external short circuit, the internal gas pressure of the battery cell 11 increases to a certain value, causing the venting device to be forced open by the high-pressure gas and detach from the electrodes of the battery cell 11, resulting in no voltage output from the outside of the battery cell 11. By providing the venting device, the battery cell 11 can be effectively protected.

[0062] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of the battery cell 11 is disposed on the first end face 113, and the positive electrode of the battery cell 11 is disposed on the second end face 114. With the above arrangement, while ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the negative electrode of the battery cell 11, the thermal runaway protection performance of the battery cell 11 is also taken into account at the positive electrode of the battery cell 11.

[0063] like Figures 7 to 11 As shown, during the operation of the battery pack 1, there is a risk of thermal runaway due to the temperature rise of the battery cells 11. To ensure the safety of the battery pack 1, this application provides a battery pack 1, which includes multiple battery cells 11, a housing assembly 15, and a terminal assembly 13. The battery cells 11 are cylindrical; the housing assembly 15 includes at least a side shell portion 151 that is substantially parallel to the end faces of the multiple battery cells 11; the terminal assembly 13 is electrically connected to the multiple battery cells 11 and is used for interface coupling with a power tool. The electrical energy of the battery cells 11 is output to the power tool through the terminal assembly 13 to drive the power tool. The side shell portion 151 includes a frame 1511 and at least one cover plate 1512 nested within the frame 1511. When any one of the multiple battery cells 11 experiences thermal runaway, at least a portion of the at least one cover plate 1512 detaches from the frame 1511.

[0064] By designing the side shell 151 as a combination of a frame 1511 and a cover plate 1512, the end face of the battery cell 11 can be protected. When any battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, at least a portion of at least one cover plate 1512 detaches from the frame 1511, thereby creating a pressure relief space between the cover plate 1512 and the frame 1511, allowing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 11 to be rapidly discharged.

[0065] In some embodiments, the force required for the cover plate 1512 to detach from the inside out is less than the force required to detach from the outside in. When the side shell portion 151 is impacted by an external force, the cover plate 1512 is subjected to force from the outside in. At this time, the bonding force between the cover plate 1512 and the frame 1511 is relatively large, which can effectively protect the battery cell 11. When the battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, due to the force on the cover plate 1512 from the inside out, under the action of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the thermal runaway battery cell 11, at least part of the cover plate 1512 will detach from the frame 1511 to form a pressure relief space, thereby allowing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 11 to be quickly discharged.

[0066] In some embodiments, the multiple cover plates 1512 are arranged in a honeycomb pattern. By setting a mesh frame 1511 and multiple small cover plates 1512 nested in the frame 1511, the overall strength of the side shell 151 can be increased, and in the event of thermal runaway of any cell 11, the nearest cover plate 1512 can be destroyed to achieve pressure relief.

[0067] In some embodiments, when the area of ​​each cover plate 1512 is less than or equal to 7 square millimeters, the flame retardant rating is less than or equal to HB; when the area of ​​each cover plate 1512 is greater than or equal to 7 square millimeters, the flame retardant rating is greater than or equal to HB. By limiting the area and flame retardant rating of the cover plate 1512, when the area of ​​the cover plate 1512 is small, the stress area after the battery cell 11 goes out of control is small. In this case, a material with a lower flame retardant rating is required to facilitate the rapid melting and penetration of the cover plate 1512 by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to achieve pressure relief. When the area of ​​the cover plate 1512 is large, the stress area after the battery cell 11 goes out of control is large. In this case, a material with a higher flame retardant rating is required so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can quickly break through the cover plate 1512 to achieve pressure relief.

[0068] In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of frame 1511 is greater than or equal to 140 MPa. The elastic modulus of frame 1511 can be 145 MPa, 150 MPa, 155 MPa, 160 MPa, etc., to ensure that frame 1511 has sufficient impact resistance during use and to prevent frame 1511 from being damaged.

[0069] In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the cover plate 1512 is less than or equal to 140 MPa. The elastic modulus of the cover plate 1512 can be 140 MPa, 135 MPa, 130 MPa, 123 MPa, 120 MPa, etc., to ensure that the cover plate 1512 can be easily destroyed in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 11, thereby achieving pressure relief.

[0070] In some embodiments, the cover plate 1512 is made of plastic, metal, or rubber. The appropriate material can be selected based on actual needs during use, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0071] like Figures 7 to 9 , Figures 12 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments, the cover plate 1512 and the frame 1511 are nested together by injection molding or assembly. When the cover plate 1512 and the frame 1511 are assembled in this manner, the side shell 151 is made of a composite of two materials, and the nesting connection can be achieved through insert injection molding, press fitting, snap-fit, etc. The purpose is that when the battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas can rupture the side shell 151, thus releasing pressure.

[0072] like Figures 12 to 17As shown, in some embodiments, the battery cell 11 is generally cylindrical, with electrodes 115 located at the first end face 113 and the second end face 114 at both ends of the cylinder. The battery cell support 12, which is housed within the housing assembly 15 and supports multiple battery cells 11 within the battery pack 1, has an end face defining the position of at least some of the electrodes 115 of the battery cells 11. This end face is generally parallel to the first end face 113 and the second end face 114 where the electrodes 115 of the battery cells 11 are located, that is, generally perpendicular to the axis of the battery cells 11 or generally parallel to the plane where the side shell portion 151 is located. Specifically, the end face of the battery cell support 12 may have multiple end face openings 1251. The positions of these end face openings 1251 correspond to the positions of at least some of the electrodes 115 of the battery cells 11. They are generally facing each other so that the electrodes 115 of the battery cells 11 are exposed relative to the battery cell support 12. The connecting piece 18 can electrically connect to the exposed electrodes 115 of the battery cells 11 through these end face openings 1251. In some embodiments, they may be in a one-to-one correspondence; in other embodiments, one end face opening 1251 may also simultaneously define and correspond to multiple cell 11 electrodes 115.

[0073] Meanwhile, an end cap 155 is also provided between the end face of the cell support 12 and the aforementioned side shell portion 151 of the housing assembly 15. Unlike the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, the sealant 111 can be filled between the end face of the cell support 12 and the end cap 155, rather than between the end face of the support and the side shell portion 151. Specifically, multiple cells 11 are accommodated and supported within the cell support 12. The electrodes 115 of the multiple cells 11 are located on one side of the aforementioned end face of the cell support 12 and can be exposed relative to each other through one or more of the aforementioned end face openings 1251. The end cap 155 is installed on the other side of the end face. The plane on which the end cap 155 is located can also be approximately perpendicular to the axis of the cell 11. The sealant 111 is filled between the end face of the cell support 12 and the end cap 155. Similar to the previous description, relying on the fluidity of the sealant 111, when the end cap 155 is installed onto the end face of the bracket, the sealant 111 can flow through the opening of the connecting piece 18 to the back of the connecting piece 18 and seal the electrode 115 of the cell 11 or further seal the circumference of the cell 11 to waterproof the cell 11. As for the side shell portion 151, it is located outside the end cap 155. From the cell 11 outwards, the components are, in sequence, the electrode 115, the cell bracket 12 and its end face, the sealant 111, the end cap 155, and the side shell portion 151. In some embodiments, in the axial direction of the cell 11, there is no air gap between the electrode 115 exposed relative to the end cap 155 through the end face opening 1251, while an air gap 1513 is left between the end cap 155 and the side shell portion 151. In some embodiments, the end cap 155 may be provided only on the support end face on the side where the positive electrode of the battery cell 11 is located, so that there is a pressure relief space between the end cap and the side shell outside the positive electrode of the battery cell. The support end face on the other side where the negative electrode of the battery cell 11 is located may not be provided with the end cap 155. Under the premise of waterproofing, the adhesive coating between the side shell 151 and the support end face can be as thin as possible. Alternatively, on the side where the negative electrode of the battery cell 11 is located, the end cap 155 may be clamped between the side shell 151 and the support end face without air gaps. In some embodiments, the end cap 155 may be fixedly installed to the end face of the battery cell support 12 by fasteners, for example, by bolt and nut.

[0074] Compared to the previously described solution where the sealant is directly filled between the end face of the cell bracket and the side shell, this embodiment avoids the situation where the cell electrode inside the bracket is sealed off from the outer shell by the sealant, leaving no space for pressure relief. This would prevent the airflow and flame from escaping during thermal runaway, thus causing the thermal runaway to spread. At the same time, the sealant filled between the end cap and the electrode retains the relevant waterproof function and reduces the thickness of the sealant at the cell electrode, which is more conducive to pressure relief and fire discharge during thermal runaway. In addition, using the end cap for pressure bonding assembly also facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the battery pack and its internal modules, and can properly restrict the flow of the sealant and ensure a tight seal between the cell electrode and the battery.

[0075] To further improve thermal runaway pressure relief, while retaining the waterproof function of the sealant 111, the adhesive coating on the electrodes 115 of the cell 11 should be as thin as possible. In some embodiments, the portion of the end cap 155 corresponding to at least some of the electrodes 115 can be recessed inward toward the electrodes 115 to reduce the thickness of the adhesive filling between these electrodes 155 and the recess 1551 of the end cap 155, facilitating pressure relief. In some embodiments, the end cap 155 can be recessed for all electrodes 155; in other embodiments, the end cap 155 can be recessed only for specific electrodes 155. Specific implementation details can be found below.

[0076] like Figure 14 As shown, in some embodiments, the multiple cell electrodes 115 covered by the sealant 111 between the end face of the cell support 12 and the end cap 155 may include a first type of electrode 115a and a second type of electrode 115b. The shortest distance d1 from the first type of electrode 115a to the end cap 155 is smaller than the shortest distance d2 from the second type of electrode 115b to the end cap 155, thereby reducing the thickness of the sealant covering some of the cell electrodes. This allows the airflow and flame to have an easy outlet when thermal runaway occurs, preventing a more serious explosion. It is understandable that due to differences in the structure and packaging process of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell, the thickness of the sealant covering the positive electrode of the battery cell may naturally be different from that covering the negative electrode of the battery cell. However, in this embodiment, multiple battery cells supported by the same support end face have the same axial height. Taking a cylindrical lithium battery with the positive and negative electrodes located at opposite ends of the axial direction and the positive electrode protruding more than the negative electrode as an example, the distance from the highest point of the positive electrode along the axial direction exposed through the opening of the support end face to a plane perpendicular to the battery cell axis is the same. Those skilled in the art should be able to understand that the above solution is different from the conventional case.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first type of electrode 115a with a shorter shortest distance to the end cover 155 corresponds to the electrode 115 of the cell 11 with a pressure relief valve, while the second type of electrode 115b with a relatively longer shortest distance to the end cover 155 corresponds to the electrode 115 of the cell 11 without a pressure relief valve, so that the airflow generated at the electrode where the pressure relief valve is located can more easily break through the pressure relief when thermal runaway occurs. In some embodiments, the first type of electrode 115a is the positive electrode of the cell 11, and the second type of electrode 115b is the negative electrode of the cell 11. Due to the different cell module configurations and connection methods, multiple electrodes 115 located on the same end face of the cell support 12 can all be positive electrodes or negative electrodes, that is, all of them can be first type of electrode 115a or second type of electrode 115b; or they can be partially positive electrodes and partially negative electrodes, that is, partially first type of electrode 115a and partially second type of electrode 115b. In conjunction with the preceding text, when the plurality of electrodes 115 defined on the same end face are partly first-type electrodes 115a and partly second-type electrodes 115b, the same end cap 155 can be designed differently for different types of electrodes to change the colloid thickness near the electrodes. However, when the plurality of electrodes 115 defined on the same end face are all first-type electrodes 115a or second-type electrodes 115b, the cell support 12 can have support end faces corresponding to the first end face 113 and the second end face 114 of the cell 11, respectively. Two end caps 155 are respectively mounted on these two support end faces, and these two end caps 155 can be designed differently for different types of electrodes. Furthermore, it is not ruled out that the first and second types of electrodes 115a and 115b can be distinguished in other ways.

[0078] In some embodiments, the end cap 155 is not flat. The change in the minimum distance between the first and second type electrodes 115a, 115b and the end cap 155 is achieved through a recessed design on the end cap 155. At the location corresponding to the position of one or more electrode 115s of the cell 11 on the other side of the end face of the cell support 12, the end cap 155 may be provided with a recess 1551 facing these electrodes 115, such as a sunken boss, etc. Its cross-section may be circular. Unlike the groove on the side shell 151 described above, the end cap 155 is recessed towards the electrode 115 to change the thickness of the colloid on the electrode 155. The groove on the inner wall of the side shell 151 is opened away from the electrode 155 to make way for the airflow and flame generated by the electrode 155, forming a pressure relief space. In conjunction with the foregoing, in some embodiments, the recess depth of the part of the end cap 155 corresponding to the position of the first type electrode 115a is greater than the recess depth of the part corresponding to the position of the second type electrode 115b, or, as described above. Figure 14 The end cap 155 on the side where the second type electrode 115b is located may also be designed without a recess.

[0079] In some embodiments, for reasons such as pressure relief and compact structure, the thickness of the end cap 155 itself does not exceed 1 mm. Preferably, in some embodiments, the thickness of the end cap 155 itself does not exceed 0.7 mm, and further, does not exceed 0.5 mm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the end cap 155 can be 0.5 mm or 0.3 mm. In conjunction with the foregoing, in some embodiments, the thickness of the portion of the end cap 155 corresponding to the position of the first type of electrode 115a is less than the thickness of the portion corresponding to the position of the second type of electrode 115b. For example, the central local area of ​​the recess / sunken protrusion on the end cap 155 corresponding to the position of the first type of electrode 115a can be further made thin-walled. In some embodiments, the end cap 155 is bendable. This does not mean that the end cap 155 is to be bent or broken, but rather that the end cap 155 is thin and the material used has a certain degree of flexibility.

[0080] like Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the end cap 155 and / or the end face of the cell support 12 are also formed with an isolator 1252. The sealant 111 filled between the end cap 155 and the end face of the cell support 12 will be divided into several areas by the isolator 1252. The separated sealant 111 will cover and seal one or more cell electrodes 115 in each area. The sealant 111 between different areas is not interconnected, thereby reasonably increasing the cell creepage distance and improving its waterproof performance.

[0081] In some embodiments, an end cap 155 is provided between the cell support 12 and the side shell portion 151 inside the battery pack 1. Sealant 111 fills the space between the end cap 155 and the end face of the cell support 12. When the temperature of any cell 11 inside the pack exceeds 150°C, for example, when the temperature of the electrode 115 of any cell 11 or the end of the cell containing the electrode 115 exceeds 150°C, the end cap 155 and the side shell portion 151 will break to form an opening, allowing the airflow and flame generated during thermal runaway to pass through the sealant and be smoothly discharged to relieve pressure. The breaking of the end cap 155 and the side shell portion 151 after the cell 11 heats up to 150°C includes the end cap 155 and / or the side shell portion 151 being punctured by internal air pressure, the end cap 155 and / or the side shell portion 151 being burned through by high-temperature airflow or flame, and the end cap 155 and / or the side shell portion 151 being triggered by an increase in internal air pressure, such as a pop-out or detachment structure. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the end cap 155 and / or at least a portion of the side shell 151 may be made of a material with low thermal hardness. High thermal hardness means that the material can maintain high hardness performance at high temperatures, while low thermal hardness means that the material's hardness decreases at high temperatures. This characteristic is beneficial for depressurization within the package in the event of thermal runaway. In some embodiments, the thickness of at least a portion of the end cap 155 and / or at least a portion of the side shell 151 may be reduced to achieve breakthroughs, for example, by thinning the thickness at the location corresponding to the electrode 115 of the cell 11.

[0082] like Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown above, in some embodiments, in addition to providing a pressure relief space while sealing and waterproofing with a pressure-sealing end cap 155, one or more side shell portions 151 of the battery pack 1, which are generally parallel to the electrode 115 of the cell 11 or perpendicular to the axis of the cell 11, also adopt a composite structure. The side shell portion 151 includes a frame 1511 and at least one cover plate 1512 nested within the frame 1511. Due to the non-integral structure, when the temperature of any cell 11 in the pack exceeds 150°C, the airflow and flame generated by thermal runaway at the electrode 115 of that cell 11 will cause at least one cover plate 1512 to detach from the frame 1511 after breaking through the sealant 111 and the end cap 155. The housing assembly 15 forms an opening open to the external space, allowing the airflow and flame to be discharged and pressure relieved, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the battery pack 1.

[0083] In some embodiments, the force required for at least one cover plate 1512 of the side shell portion 151 to detach from the frame 1511 from inside the battery pack is less than the force required for it to detach from the frame 1511 from outside the battery pack. This prevents external impacts from causing the cover plate 1512 to detach from the frame 1511, but allows the cover plate 1512 to automatically detach and release pressure in the event of thermal runaway within the pack. In some embodiments, the side shell portion 151 includes a mesh-like frame 1511 and multiple small cover plates 1512 arranged in a honeycomb pattern within the nested mesh. This enhances the structural strength of the side shell portion 151 while allowing airflow and flames to break through the nearest small cover plate 1512 to release pressure in the event of thermal runaway. In some embodiments, the frame 1511 and the cover plate 1512 are nested together by injection molding or assembly. When the cover plate 1512 and the frame 1511 are assembled in the above manner, the side shell portion 151 is made of a composite of two materials. The nesting and joining methods can include insert injection molding, press fitting, snap-fit, etc. In some embodiments, the frame 1511 and cover plate 1512 of the side shell 151 have a two-color mold structure to provide mechanical protection while facilitating pressure relief in case of thermal runaway of a single cell. Without conflicting with the scheme of this embodiment, the characteristics of the frame 1511 and cover plate 1512 in the side shell 151 can be referred to in conjunction with the preceding text and will not be repeated here.

[0084] In addition to pressure relief in case of breakage, the side shell 151 may also be provided with a pressure relief port and / or pressure relief channel for pressure relief, such as... Figures 7 to 9 , Figures 15 to 17As shown above, in some embodiments, the side shell portion 151 may have a slotted section away from the direction of the battery cell to provide a pressure relief channel 1513a for airflow to pass through and connected to one or more air outlets, and / or the side shell portion 151 may have an opening to provide a pressure relief port 1516 connecting to the external space. Simultaneously, one or more battery cell 11 electrodes 115 may have a relative positional relationship with the aforementioned pressure relief channel 1513a and / or pressure relief port 1516, so that the airflow generated during thermal runaway can smoothly enter the pressure relief channel 1513a and / or reach the pressure relief port 1516. In some embodiments, insulating paper may be attached to the aforementioned pressure relief channel 1513a and / or pressure relief port 1516, or a thin-walled cover 1515 may be installed, thereby leaving an air gap 1513 between the side shell portion 151 and the insulating paper or the thin-walled cover as a pressure relief space.

[0085] like Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the side shell portion 151 has grooves that are interconnected and ultimately lead to the air outlet at locations opposite to the electrodes 115 of one or more battery cells 11. This forms a pressure relief channel 1513a. Insulating paper or a thin-walled cover 1515 is affixed to the groove opening and the connecting path between the grooves. The thin-walled cover 1515 can also be recessed inwards towards the electrodes 115 to increase the air gap 1513. During thermal runaway, the airflow originates from the electrodes and passes sequentially through the sealant, insulating paper or thin-walled cover, pressure relief channel, and air outlet. Furthermore, the air outlet connected to the pressure relief channel 1513a can be directly located on the side shell portion 151, allowing the pressure relief airflow to be discharged quickly over a shorter distance.

[0086] like Figures 15 to 17 As shown, in some other embodiments, the side shell portion 151 has one or more through holes communicating with the external space at the position opposite to the position of one or more electrodes 115 of the battery cells 11, that is, forming a pressure relief port 1516. Specifically, the position opposite to the position of the electrodes 115 can be directly perforated, or the opposite position can be provided with a groove and a hole at the bottom of the groove. Insulating paper or a thin-walled cover can also be attached to the groove opening. Furthermore, the thin-walled cover can be recessed inward toward the direction of the electrodes 115 to increase the air gap. The airflow generated during thermal runaway will start from the electrodes and pass through the sealant, insulating paper or thin-walled cover, and pressure relief port in sequence.

[0087] In the above embodiments, the end cap 155 may not be provided between the cell support 12 and the side shell 151. In the portion of the side shell 151 not located in the pressure relief channel 1513a or pressure relief port 1516, since there is no insulating paper or thin-walled cover 1515 obstructing the flow, sealant 111 can be directly filled between it and the cell support 12, without any air gap. Alternatively, the end cap 155 can replace the insulating paper or thin-walled cover between the cell support 12 and the side shell 151. Sealant 111 is filled between the end cap 155 and the end face of the cell support 12. An air gap 1513 is designed between the end cap 155 and the side shell 151 at least at the location of the pressure relief channel 1513a and / or pressure relief port 1516. If the end cap 155 breaks and releases pressure, the side shell 151 releases pressure through the pressure relief channel and / or pressure relief port.

[0088] like Figures 18 to 21 As shown, in order to facilitate thermal management of the battery pack 1, a temperature sensing element 10 is usually used to detect the temperature of the battery cells 11. To ensure the accuracy of the detection data, this application provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes multiple battery cells 11, a battery cell support 12, a surrounding element 14, and a temperature sensing element 10.

[0089] The battery cell 11 is generally cylindrical. The battery cell support 12 is configured to support multiple battery cells 11. The surrounding element 14 is independent of the battery cell support 12 and is configured to surround one of the multiple battery cells 11. The temperature sensing element 10 includes a wire 101 and a probe 102, the probe 102 being disposed between the surrounding element 14 and the clamped battery cell 11.

[0090] The probe 102 of the temperature sensing element 10 is clamped onto the battery cell 11 by the surrounding element 14, so that the probe 102 of the temperature sensing element 10 can be closely attached to the battery cell 11, thereby effectively collecting the temperature of the battery cell 11 and ensuring the accuracy of the temperature acquisition of the battery cell 11.

[0091] In some embodiments, the cell support 12 has a locking slot 123 for fixing the circuit board 19. By forming the locking slot 123 on the cell support 12, it is convenient to position and install the circuit board 19, and after the circuit board 19 is installed, it can be ensured that the circuit board 19 is stably set on the cell support 12.

[0092] As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, multiple battery cells 11 are disposed inside a battery cell support 12, and a circuit board 19 is disposed outside the battery cell support 12. The battery cell support 12 separates the battery cells 11 from the circuit board 19, so that the battery cell support 12 and the circuit board 19 are not in the same interior, thereby avoiding the accumulation of heat generated by the battery cells 11 and the circuit board 19 during operation.

[0093] In some embodiments, one end of the wire 101 is connected to the probe 102, and the other end is electrically connected to the circuit board 19. The temperature signal collected by the probe 102 can be transmitted to the circuit board 19 through the wire 101 for processing by the circuit board 19. The wire 101 can be soldered to the circuit board 19, or it can be in a non-soldering form: the end of the wire 101 is provided with a connector terminal, which mates with the other half of the connector terminal on the circuit board 19.

[0094] like Figure 18 As shown, in some embodiments, the surrounding element 14 surrounds the middle section of the battery cell 11. Since the heat dissipation paths at both ends of the battery cell 11 intersect, the heat dissipation path at the middle section is shorter. Therefore, the temperature at both ends of the battery cell 11 is lower than the temperature at the middle section. By designing the surrounding element 14 in the middle section of the battery cell 11, it can be ensured that the probe 102 obtains the temperature value of the location with the highest temperature in the battery cell 11, which facilitates subsequent thermal management.

[0095] like Figure 21 As shown, in some embodiments, the circumferential element 14 includes an opening. By providing the opening, the circumferential element 14 can elastically deform when circumferentially ...

[0096] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the circumferential element 14 is smaller than the diameter of the battery cell 11. After the circumferential element 14 is fitted onto the battery cell 11, the circumferential element 14 undergoes elastic deformation, and a slight clamping force is exerted on the battery cell 11 by the circumferential element 14. The temperature sensing element 10 is inserted from top to bottom along the guide into the wedge angle formed by the circumferential element 14 and the battery cell 11. The slight clamping force of the circumferential element 14 presses the probe 102 against the surface of the battery cell 11, so that the probe 102 is stably attached to the battery cell 11 between the circumferential element 14 and the battery cell 11.

[0097] like Figure 21 As shown, in some embodiments, the material of the circumferential element 14 is plastic, and the thickness L2 of the circumferential element 14 is less than or equal to 2 mm. The thickness L2 of the circumferential element 14 can be 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.4 mm, etc. Using plastic to manufacture the circumferential element 14 allows for the utilization of the elasticity of plastic. By limiting the thickness L2 of the circumferential element 14, a large space occupation by the circumferential element 14 is avoided.

[0098] In some embodiments, at least the probe 102 is covered by a thin-film material. A thin-film temperature sensing element 10 is used, passing through the cell support 12 and positioned on the outer surface of the cell 11. The head of the thin-film temperature sensing element is smaller than that of a teardrop-shaped temperature sensing element, allowing it to more effectively contact the surface of the cell 11 and more accurately detect the temperature of the cell 11. In a conventional thin-film temperature sensing element 10, the thin film covers the wire 101 and the probe 102. Therefore, the connection position of a conventional thin-film temperature sensing element 10 on the circuit board 19 must be near its final temperature measurement point, with the thin film bent before connecting to the circuit board 19, making it prone to damage during installation. In one embodiment, a novel thin-film temperature sensing element 10 is used. This thin-film temperature sensing element 10 adds a wire portion compared to a conventional thin-film temperature sensing element 10. The wire is located outside the thin film, with only the probe covered by the thin film. By providing the wire portion, the position on the circuit board 19 and subsequent installation become more flexible, and the thin film portion makes it easier for the probe 102 to fit snugly against the cell. The installation process is simplified, as this thin-film temperature sensing element 10 can be wave soldered together with other devices before being installed at the final temperature measurement point.

[0099] In some embodiments, the force applied to the probe 102 by the surrounding element 14 is greater than or equal to 0.5N and less than or equal to 10N. The force applied to the probe 102 by the surrounding element 14 can be 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, etc. Since the probe 102 of the thin-film temperature sensing element 10 cannot withstand too much pressure, by limiting the force applied to the probe 102 by the surrounding element 14, it is possible to ensure that the probe 102 and the cell 11 are stably attached while preventing the probe 102 from being damaged.

[0100] In some embodiments, the length of the surrounding element 14 in the axial direction of the cell 11 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 50 mm. The length of the surrounding element 14 can be 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, etc. By limiting the length of the surrounding element 14, the probe 102 of the temperature sensing element 10 can be effectively fixed. Moreover, when the airflow passes through the cell 11 to cool it, the surrounding element 14 can act as a windbreak, preventing the temperature of the probe 102 detection area from dropping too quickly, thereby accurately obtaining the highest temperature value of the cell 11. In other embodiments, a windbreak structure can also be provided on the surface of the cell support 12 corresponding to the location where the probe 102 is arranged, to prevent the flowing air from directly cooling the cell 11, ensuring that the temperature result detected by the temperature sensing element 10 is more accurate.

[0101] like Figures 22-25As shown, in the process of using the temperature sensing element 10 to detect the temperature of the battery cell 11, in order to ensure that the temperature sensing element 10 is in close contact with the surface of the battery cell 11, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the temperature acquisition of the battery cell 11, this application also provides a temperature sensing component for a battery pack. The temperature sensing component includes a surrounding element 14 and a temperature sensing element 10. The temperature sensing element 10 is configured to detect the temperature of the battery cell 11. The surrounding element 14 is sleeved on the battery cell 11, and its outer peripheral wall has a radially outwardly protruding limiting structure 141. The temperature sensing element 10 is mounted on the limiting structure 141, which can limit the temperature sensing element 10 from at least two directions. For example, the limiting structure 141 limits the temperature sensing element 10 at least radially and axially in the battery cell 11, thereby ensuring that the temperature sensing element 10 is in close contact with the battery cell 11. This allows the temperature sensing element 10 to acquire the temperature of the battery cell 11 in a timely and accurate manner, and enables timely over-temperature protection to eliminate safety risks when the temperature of the battery cell 11 exceeds a set limit.

[0102] like Figures 23-24 As shown, in some embodiments, the limiting structure 141 defines a three-dimensional accommodating space 1413. After the surrounding element 14 is sleeved on the battery cell 11, a three-dimensional accommodating space 1413 is formed between the limiting structure 141 and the surface of the battery cell 11. The temperature sensing element 10 is placed in the three-dimensional accommodating space 1413, so that the temperature sensing element 10 is in close contact with the surface of the battery cell 11, and at the same time, the position of the temperature sensing element 10 is defined, ensuring that the temperature sensing element 10 accurately collects the temperature of the battery cell 11 at the set position of the battery cell 11. The shape of the three-dimensional accommodating space 1413 can be teardrop-shaped, hemispherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, conical, etc., and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0103] like Figures 22-23 As shown, in some embodiments, the temperature sensing element 10 includes a wire 101 and a probe 102. The probe 102 is configured as a sensor with a three-dimensional structure, and at least the probe 102 is limited and fixed within the three-dimensional accommodating space 1413. Since the probe 102 is in contact with the surface of the battery cell 11, the temperature of the battery cell 11 can be accurately acquired, and then the acquired temperature signal is transmitted to the circuit board via the wire 101. By designing the probe 102 as a three-dimensional structure, when the probe 102 is installed in the three-dimensional accommodating space 1413, the probe 102 is fixed by the limiting structure 141, thereby restricting the radial and axial movement of the probe 102 relative to the battery cell 11, effectively fixing the probe 102 at a predetermined position on the battery cell 11.

[0104] In some embodiments, the probe 102 is teardrop-shaped, hemispherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal. The shape of the probe 102 is adapted to the shape of the three-dimensional receiving space 1413. When the probe 102 is installed in the three-dimensional receiving space 1413, it can be ensured that there is no gap between the probe 102 and the three-dimensional receiving space 1413, thereby ensuring that the probe 102 can be stably attached to the battery cell 11.

[0105] In some embodiments, the encircling element 14 is an open annular element or a closed annular element. When the encircling element 14 is an open annular element, the opening allows the encircling element 14 to elastically deform when encircling the battery cell 11. Under the restoring force of the elastic deformation, the encircling element 14 can be clamped onto the battery cell 11, facilitating installation and ensuring that the relative position of the encircling element 14 with respect to the battery cell 11 remains unchanged. When the annular element is a closed annular element, the probe 102 can be directly sleeved onto the battery cell 11 after being placed in the three-dimensional receiving space 1413.

[0106] like Figures 22-23 As shown, in some embodiments, the retaining element 14 is integrally formed to form the limiting structure 141. This arrangement facilitates the manufacture of the retaining element 14 and ensures a stable connection between the limiting structure 141 and the retaining element 14.

[0107] like Figures 23-24 As shown, in some embodiments, the limiting structure 141 includes at least two raised transverse bars 1411 spaced apart along the axial direction of the encircling element 14, the gap between the two raised transverse bars 1411 forming a three-dimensional receiving space 1413. When the probe 102 is installed, the probe 102 is clamped between the two raised transverse bars 1411, and the raised transverse bars 1411 can limit the probe 102 in the radial and lateral directions. Using the above-described limiting structure 141, the structure is simple, saves materials, and can effectively position the probe 102.

[0108] like Figures 23-24 As shown, in some embodiments, a clamping arm 1412 is provided between two raised horizontal bars 1411, and one end of the clamping arm 1412 is connected to the circumferential element 14. After the probe 102 is clamped between the two raised horizontal bars 1411, the clamping arm 1412 is lifted and undergoes elastic deformation. Under the action of the elastic restoring force of the clamping arm 1412, the probe 102 can be kept in close contact with the battery cell 11, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the collected temperature. In order to further limit the probe 102, the side of the probe 102 facing the clamping arm 1412 has an abutment groove, the clamping arm 1412 is located in the abutment groove, and the clamping arm 1412 abuts against the bottom of the abutment groove.

[0109] like Figure 25As shown, in some embodiments, the limiting structure 141 is a probe holder that protrudes from the outer peripheral wall and has a recessed cavity 1414. After the circumferential element 14 is fitted onto the battery cell 11, the probe 102 is installed in the recessed cavity 1414 for positioning.

[0110] like Figure 25 As shown, in some embodiments, the cavity wall of the recessed cavity 1414 is configured as a non-enclosed wall. When the probe 102 is installed in the recessed cavity 1414, the probe holder undergoes elastic deformation due to the non-enclosed wall. Under the action of elastic restoring force, the probe holder presses the probe 102 against the surface of the battery cell 11, thereby ensuring that the probe 102 and the battery cell 11 are in close contact.

[0111] like Figure 27 As shown, in some embodiments, a wire harness fixing structure 127 is provided on the cell support 12. The wire harness fixing structure 127 is used to guide and fix the wires 101. By providing the wire harness fixing structure 127, the wires 101 can be arranged along a predetermined wiring path. The wire harness fixing structure 127 is L-shaped and perpendicular to the radial direction of the cell 11. A wire clamping groove is formed between the wire harness fixing structure 127 and the cell support 12, and the wires 101 of the temperature sensing element 10 pass through the wire clamping groove.

[0112] To simplify the temperature sensing assembly, the temperature sensing element 10 can still be installed even without the surrounding element 14. For example... Figure 26 As shown, in some embodiments, two elastic arms 126 are spaced apart on the cell support 12. The two elastic arms 126 are parallel to the axial direction of the cell 11 and are located at the ends of the cell 11. The probe 102 is installed between the two elastic arms 126. After the probe 102 is installed, the two elastic arms 126 undergo elastic deformation. Under the action of their own elastic restoring force, the elastic arms 126 press the probe 102 against the surface of the cell 11, ensuring that the probe 102 is in close contact with the surface of the cell 11.

[0113] like Figure 25 As shown, in some embodiments, a mounting groove can be formed on the cell support 12. The mounting groove extends along the axial direction of the cell 11, and a portion of the mounting groove forms an opening with the cell 11. The probe 102 is arranged at the opening of the mounting groove and is in close contact with the surface of the cell 11. A portion of the wire 101 passes through the mounting groove. By directly forming a mounting groove on the cell support 12, the structure of the cell support 12 can be further simplified, and it is convenient to install the temperature sensing element 10.

[0114] like Figure 28As shown, in some embodiments, a fixing assembly 128 for fixing the probe 102 is integrally formed on the cell support 12. The fixing assembly 128 includes two spaced-apart snap-fit ​​crossbars 1281, which are perpendicular to the axis of the cell 11. A clamping space for accommodating the probe 102 is formed between the two snap-fit ​​crossbars 1281. During installation, the probe 102 is inserted into the clamping space, and the probe 102 is tightly fitted to the cell 11. After the probe 102 is installed in place, the snap-fit ​​crossbars 1281 undergo elastic deformation, and under the action of elastic restoring force, the two snap-fit ​​crossbars 1281 tightly clamp the probe 102. The fixing assembly 128 can be arranged at a position on the cell support 12 corresponding to the middle of the cell 11, which facilitates the use of the probe 102 to detect the temperature of the middle part of the cell 11. Figure 29 As shown, a snap-fit ​​crossbar 1281 can also be provided at the end of the cell support 12 near the cell 11, forming a clamping space between the snap-fit ​​crossbar 1281 and the cell 11. The probe 102 is installed in the clamping space, and the snap-fit ​​crossbar 1281, under the restoring force of its own elastic deformation, makes the probe 102 fit tightly against the surface of the cell 11.

[0115] like Figures 30-32 As shown, in some embodiments, mounting holes 129 can be directly opened on the cell support 12, and the probe 102 can be inserted into the mounting hole 129, with the probe 102 in close contact with the surface of the cell 11. The mounting hole 129 can be opened at the end of the cell support 12 corresponding to the cell 11, or at the middle of the cell support 12 corresponding to the cell 11. The specific location can be determined based on the material of the cell 11 and its heat generation characteristics. The mounting hole 129 can be designed as triangular, circular, quadrilateral, T-shaped, etc., without further limitations.

[0116] like Figures 33-34 As shown, in battery pack 1, the cells 11 near or located on the center surface 116 of battery pack 1 typically have higher temperatures and require focused monitoring. Furthermore, the primary heat-generating locations differ for all-tab cells 11 and non-all-tab cells 11. For all-tab cells 11, the main heat-generating location is near the polarity end (positive or negative terminal), while for non-all-tab cells 11, the main heat-generating location is the middle section. Therefore, by arranging temperature sensing elements 10 according to the type and heat generation of the cells 11, the temperature of the cells 11 can be obtained more accurately.

[0117] like Figures 33-44As shown, in order to more accurately obtain the heat generation of the cells 11 within the battery pack 1, two or more temperature detection elements 10 are typically arranged within the battery pack 1. In some embodiments, taking three temperature detection elements 10 as an example, the temperature detection units are arranged on two cells 11 near or located on the center surface 116 of the battery pack 1. Two temperature detection elements 10 are arranged on the middle section and the peripheral surface of the positive or negative terminal of one cell 11, and another temperature detection element 10 is arranged on the peripheral surface of the positive or negative terminal of the other cell 11. Since the temperature feedback from the temperature detection elements 10 has a certain hysteresis, arranging three temperature detection elements 10 can improve the accuracy of temperature estimation. In some embodiments, one temperature detection element 10 can also be arranged on the peripheral surface of the same end or different ends of two cells 11 near or located on the center surface 116 of the battery pack 1. The third temperature detection element 10 does not directly contact any cell 11 and is used to detect the ambient temperature. With the above arrangement, it is convenient to obtain the heat generation of the cells 11 at the ambient temperature.

[0118] In some embodiments, temperature sensing elements 10 are typically arranged on the battery cells 11 located on or near the center surface 116 of the battery pack 1 to collect the temperature of high-temperature regions. However, for lithium iron phosphate cells, due to the characteristics of the cell material, it is difficult to determine the high-temperature regions of the battery pack 1. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange no fewer than three temperature sensing elements 10 to detect the temperature of the cell 11. Figure 45 As shown, in a battery pack 1 using lithium iron phosphate cells, four temperature sensing elements 10 are arranged as an example. Two temperature sensing elements 10 are arranged at intervals on the cells 11 located at the edge of the battery pack 1, and the other two temperature sensing elements 10 are arranged on the cells 11 located in the middle area of ​​the battery pack 1. By arranging temperature sensing elements 10 in the middle and around the perimeter of the battery pack 1, the temperature of the cells 11 in the battery pack 1 can be effectively detected.

[0119] like Figures 46 to 49 As shown, in order to accurately measure the temperature of the battery cell 11 using the temperature sensing element 10, this application also provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes a housing assembly 15, a plurality of battery cells 11, a magnetic element 17, and a temperature sensing element 10.

[0120] The battery cells 11 are housed in a housing assembly 15, and each battery cell 11 includes a magnetic housing 112. A battery cell 11 is magnetically attracted to one of the multiple battery cells 11. A temperature sensing element 10 includes a wire 101 and a probe 102, with the probe 102 at least partially sandwiched between the magnetic element 17 and the battery cell 11.

[0121] By using magnetic element 17 to attract the magnetic housing 112 of battery cell 11, the probe 102 of temperature sensing element 10 is tightly attached to the magnetic housing 112, thereby enabling accurate and effective acquisition of the temperature of battery cell 11.

[0122] In some embodiments, the magnetic housing 112 is a steel housing. Because the steel housing can stably magnetically attract the magnetic element 17, it ensures that the probe 102 is stably clamped between the magnetic housing 112 and the magnetic element 17.

[0123] like Figure 49 As shown, in some embodiments, the curvature of some magnetic elements 17 is similar to that of the magnetic housing 112. This arrangement enables effective mating between the magnetic elements 17 and the magnetic housing 112, increasing the magnetic attraction mating surface between them, ensuring stable fixation of the probe 102, and reducing the space occupied by the magnetic elements 17, thus facilitating their placement within the housing assembly 15.

[0124] like Figure 46 As shown, in some embodiments, the temperature sensing element 10 and the magnetic element 17 are housed in the cell support 12. The cell support 12 supports multiple cells 11 and is disposed within the housing assembly 15. By housing the temperature sensing element 10 and the magnetic element 17 within the cell support 12, the temperature sensing element 10 can effectively detect the temperature of the cells 11 without occupying space in the housing assembly 15, thus reducing the volume of the battery pack 1.

[0125] In some embodiments, probe 102 is a thermistor. A typical characteristic of thermistors is their temperature sensitivity; they exhibit different resistance values ​​at different temperatures, enabling accurate measurement of the temperature of the battery cell 11. In some embodiments, probe 102 can be a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor or a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. The resistance of a PTC thermistor increases with increasing temperature, while the resistance of a NTC thermistor decreases with increasing temperature. In practical applications, the appropriate thermistor can be selected based on the specific circumstances, without imposing numerous restrictions here. Figure 49 As shown, in some embodiments, the magnetic element 17 is attached, bound, or clipped onto the temperature sensing element 10. This method secures the magnetic element 17 to the temperature sensing element 10, facilitating subsequent installation.

[0126] In some embodiments, the magnetic element 17 includes a recess for receiving the probe 102. By receiving the probe 102 in the recess, the space occupied by the probe 102 can be reduced, allowing the magnetic element 17 to be stably attracted to the magnetic housing 112.

[0127] like Figures 50 to 52As shown, in order to accurately measure the temperature of the battery cell 11 using the temperature sensing element 10, this application also provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes a housing assembly 15, a plurality of battery cells 11, and a temperature sensing element 10.

[0128] Multiple battery cells 11 are housed in a housing assembly 15, and each battery cell 11 includes a magnetic housing 112. A temperature sensing element 10 includes a wire 101, a probe 102, and a magnetic element 17, which is magnetically attached to one of the battery cells 11. By using the magnetic element 17 to attract the magnetic housing 112 of the battery cell 11, the probe 102 of the temperature sensing element 10 is tightly attached to the magnetic housing 112, thereby enabling accurate and effective temperature acquisition of the battery cell 11.

[0129] In some embodiments, the probe 102 and the magnetic element 17 are covered by a thin film material. A thin film temperature sensing element 10 is arranged on the outer surface of the cell 11. The head of the thin film temperature sensing element 10 is smaller than that of the teardrop temperature sensing element 10, which can more effectively get close to the surface of the cell 11 and more accurately detect the temperature of the cell 11.

[0130] In some embodiments, the probe 102 is covered by a thin film material, and the magnetic element 17 is a magnetic coating applied to the side of the thin film material away from the probe 102. By using a magnetic coating, the volume of the magnetic element 17 can be reduced while ensuring that the probe 102 is attracted to the magnetic housing 112, thus reducing the space occupied.

[0131] In some embodiments, probe 102 is a thermistor. A typical characteristic of thermistors is their temperature sensitivity; they exhibit different resistance values ​​at different temperatures, enabling accurate measurement of the temperature of the battery cell 11. In some embodiments, probe 102 can be a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor or a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. The resistance of a PTC thermistor increases with increasing temperature, while the resistance of a NTC thermistor decreases with increasing temperature. In practical applications, the appropriate thermistor can be selected based on the specific circumstances, without imposing further restrictions.

[0132] like Figures 53 to 57 As shown, in order to effectively dissipate heat from the battery cells 11 inside the battery pack 1, this application provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes a housing assembly 15, a plurality of battery cells 11, and a battery cell support 12. Vents are formed on the housing assembly 15 and / or the battery cell support 12 of the battery pack 1. When the battery pack is coupled to a charger or other device, the charger or other device can blow air into the battery pack or draw air from the battery pack, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 11 so that the battery pack 1 meets the charging conditions.

[0133] Multiple battery cells 11 are housed in a housing assembly 15. A battery cell support 12 is configured to support the multiple battery cells 11. Two sets of end vents and one set of central vents are formed on the battery cell support 12. In a plane parallel to the axis of the battery cells 11, the central vent is located between the two sets of end vents.

[0134] External airflow enters the cell support 12 through one set of end vents, then exits through the middle vent and exits through another set of end vents. This process effectively exchanges heat with the cell 11 inside the cell support 12, ensuring efficient heat dissipation for the cell 11. The end vents for air inlet and outlet of the cell support 12 are interchangeable and can be arranged according to actual conditions.

[0135] like Figure 55 , Figure 56 As shown, in some embodiments, the two sets of end air vents include multiple first air inlets 122a distributed at both ends of multiple battery cells 11. Multiple first air inlets 122a can be arranged at the upper end of the battery cell support 12. By arranging multiple first air inlets 122a, multiple air channels can be formed inside the battery cell support 12, thereby effectively exchanging heat between the battery cells 11 at different positions and improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cells 11.

[0136] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1 further includes an L-shaped partition plate disposed at one of the first air inlets 122a, which is used to guide part of the airflow to the battery cell 11 that is not directly opposite the first air inlet 122a. Since airflow cannot flow directly into the battery pack 1 at the location where the button 1521 is located or at other locations where it is inconvenient to open the first air inlet 122a, by setting the L-shaped partition plate, the airflow closest to the location where it is inconvenient to open the first air inlet 122a can be diverted, so that part of the airflow flows to the battery cell 11 at that location under the guidance of the L-shaped partition plate, so that all the battery cells 11 can effectively exchange heat with the airflow, ensuring that the battery pack 1 as a whole is cooled by air.

[0137] like Figure 55 , Figure 56As shown, in some embodiments, a set of central air vents includes multiple first air outlets 124a distributed near the middle section of multiple battery cells 11. Airflow entering from multiple first air inlets 122a and exiting from multiple first air outlets 124a forms multiple air ducts within the battery cell support 12, thereby enabling air cooling of the multiple battery cells 11, especially the middle section with higher temperatures. Due to the obstruction of the position of the heat spreader 16, the first air outlets 124a may not be located at the midpoint of the battery cell; appropriate offsetting or segmented placement can be made. Multiple first air outlets 124a are arranged at the lower end of the battery cell support 12, forming a Y-shaped air duct with the first air inlets 122a and the first air outlets 124a. Alternatively, the first air inlets 122a can be located at the lower end of the battery cell support 12, and the first air outlets 124a at the upper end of the battery cell support 12; no further restrictions are imposed here. In other embodiments, the first air outlet 124a and the first air inlet 122a can flow in opposite directions, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0138] like Figures 58 to 60 As shown, in order to effectively dissipate heat from the battery cells 11 inside the battery pack 1, this application also provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes a housing assembly 15, a plurality of battery cells 11, and a battery cell support 12. Vents are formed on the housing assembly 15 and / or the battery cell support 12 of the battery pack 1. When the battery pack is coupled to a charger or other device, the charger or other device can blow air into the battery pack or draw air from the battery pack, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 11 so that the battery pack 1 meets the charging conditions.

[0139] Multiple battery cells 11 are housed within a housing assembly 15. A battery cell support 12 is disposed within the housing assembly 15 and configured to support the multiple battery cells 11. At least one air vent is formed or installed on the battery cell support 12. The air vent includes a cavity 1221b that guides airflow. The cavity 1221b includes a first end 12211b near the housing assembly 15 and a second end 12212b near the multiple battery cells 11. In the axial direction of the battery cells 11, the distance between the second end 12212b and the midpoint of the battery cell 11 is less than the distance between the first end 12211b and the midpoint of the battery cell 11. The air vent on the battery cell support 12 can be either an air inlet or an air outlet.

[0140] Because the heat dissipation paths between the two ends of the battery cell 11 and the external environment are relatively short, the temperature at the ends of the battery cell 11 is lower than the temperature in the middle of the battery cell 11. The air vent on the battery cell bracket 12 is the first air inlet 122b. By setting a cavity 1221b in the first air inlet 122b to guide the airflow, the airflow entering the battery cell bracket 12 through the cavity 1221b is obliquely guided to the middle of the battery cell 11, where it can exchange heat with the middle of the battery cell 11, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the middle of the battery cell 11. Moreover, the cavity 1221b can reduce airflow loss while effectively distributing the airflow.

[0141] In some embodiments, the cell support 12 has a locking slot 123 for fixing the circuit board 19. By forming the locking slot 123 on the cell support 12, it is convenient to position and install the circuit board 19, and after the circuit board 19 is installed, it can be ensured that the circuit board 19 is stably set on the cell support 12.

[0142] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple battery cells 11 are disposed inside a battery cell support 12, and a circuit board 19 is disposed outside the battery cell support 12. The battery cell support 12 separates the battery cells 11 from the circuit board 19, so that the battery cell support 12 and the circuit board 19 are not in the same interior, thereby preventing the heat generated by the battery cells 11 and the circuit board 19 during operation from accumulating.

[0143] like Figure 58 and Figure 60 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two first air inlets 122b are formed or installed on the cell support 12, and the two first air inlets 122b are disposed on both sides of the circuit board 19. By arranging at least two first air inlets 122b, the air intake of the cell support 12 can be increased, thereby effectively cooling the cell 11 and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0144] like Figure 60 As shown, in some embodiments, the angle α between the cavity 1221b and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees. The angle α between the cavity 1221b and the horizontal plane can be 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, etc. By designing the cavity 1221b as an oblique channel, the airflow can be effectively guided, causing the airflow to blow towards the middle of the battery cell 11, effectively cooling the middle of the battery cell 11.

[0145] like Figure 60As shown, in some embodiments, the length L3 of the cavity 1221b is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than or equal to 25 mm. The length L3 of the cavity 1221b can be 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, etc. Since the cavity 1221b is located at the end of the cell support 12, limiting the length L3 of the cavity 1221b avoids the end of the cell support 12 from being too thick, which would increase the volume and weight of the battery pack 1.

[0146] like Figure 60 As shown, in some embodiments, air enters the cavity 1221b from the first end 12211b and flows out of the cavity 1221b from the second end 12212b, flowing towards the battery cell 11. This airflow through the cavity 1221b allows for air cooling of the hotter parts of the battery cell 11 as needed. In other embodiments, air may also enter the cavity 1221b through the second end 12212b and flow out of the cavity 1221b from the first end 12211b; this is not a limitation.

[0147] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first air inlet 122b corresponding to different columns of battery cells 11 is different. Since the heat generation of multiple battery cells 11 in the battery pack 1 is different, by designing the area of ​​the first air inlet 122b in a targeted manner, corresponding air cooling can be performed according to the heat generation of the battery cells 11, thereby ensuring the overall cooling consistency of the battery pack 1.

[0148] like Figures 61 to 71 As shown, in order to dissipate heat from the battery pack 1, this application also provides a battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 includes a housing assembly 15, multiple battery cells 11, and a cell support 12. Vents are formed on the housing assembly 15 and / or the cell support 12 of the battery pack 1. When the battery pack is coupled to a charger or other device, the charger or other device can blow air into or draw air from the battery pack, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the multiple battery cells 11 so that the battery pack 1 meets the charging requirements.

[0149] Multiple battery cells 11 are housed in a housing assembly 15, and the multiple battery cells 11 are arranged in parallel. A battery cell support 12 is housed in the housing assembly 15 and is configured to support the multiple battery cells 11. Multiple first air inlets 122c are provided on the battery cell support 12 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the battery cells 11; multiple second air outlets 154 are provided on the housing assembly 15 in a direction parallel to the axis of the battery cells 11.

[0150] Airflow enters through the first air inlet 122c, flows along the axial direction of the battery cell 11, and then exits through the second air outlet 154 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the battery cell 11. The first air inlet 122c is located at the end of the battery cell 11, and the second air outlet 154 is located at the upper and lower ends of the housing assembly 15, or at the front and rear ends of the housing assembly 15. By adopting the method of airflow entering along the axial direction of the battery cell 11 and exiting perpendicular to the axial direction of the battery cell 11, the space between the battery cells 11 can be effectively utilized, and the airflow path can be shortened.

[0151] like Figure 69 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of second air inlets 153 are provided on the housing assembly 15 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the plurality of battery cells 11. By providing a plurality of second air inlets 153, external airflow can easily enter the housing assembly 15 through the plurality of second air inlets 153, and then enter between the battery cells 11 through the first air inlet 122c on the battery cell support 12. The second air inlets 153 can be arranged opposite to the first air inlet 122c, so that external airflow can directly enter the first air inlet 122c through the second air inlet 153.

[0152] In some embodiments, the first air inlet 122c and the second air inlet 153 are arranged in a staggered manner. By setting an air guide structure to connect the second air inlet 153 and the first air inlet 122c, external airflow can also enter the first air inlet 122c through the second air inlet 153. The air guide structure can be an air guide duct or an air guide protrusion formed on the housing assembly 15. By setting an air guide structure, airflow loss can be reduced, and airflow can be guided and controlled according to actual needs, which can effectively cool the cells 11 of the battery pack 1.

[0153] like Figure 64 , Figure 65 As shown, in some embodiments, the first air inlet 122c is located between the multilayer battery cells 11. Since airflow channels are formed between the battery cells 11, the location of the first air inlet 122c between the multilayer battery cells 11 facilitates the flow of air through the first air inlet 122c into multiple airflow channels, enabling the airflow to be evenly distributed to cool the battery cells 11.

[0154] In some embodiments, the areas of the first air inlets 122c corresponding to different columns of battery cells 11 are different, and / or the areas of the second air outlets 154 corresponding to different columns of battery cells 11 are different. Here, different columns of battery cells 11 refer to battery cells 11 whose axes are located in different vertical planes. By analyzing the heat generation of the battery cells 11, the area of ​​the first air inlet 122c corresponding to the battery cells 11 with severe heat generation is larger, resulting in a larger airflow rate and thus effectively cooling the battery cells 11. The area of ​​the first air inlet 122c corresponding to the battery cells with moderate heat generation is smaller. By flexibly configuring the areas of the first air inlet 122c and / or the second air outlet 154, the battery cells 11 can be cooled specifically, thereby ensuring the consistency of cooling of the battery pack 1.

[0155] like Figures 72 to 74 As shown, in some embodiments, this application also provides a charging system. The charging system includes a charger 2 and a battery pack 1 as described above. The charger 2 includes a battery pack interface 24. In one embodiment, the battery pack interface 24 is coupled to a plurality of second air inlets 153 for inputting airflow into the plurality of second air inlets 153. During the operation of the charger 2, a fan arranged in the charger 2 can blow outside air into the second air inlets 153 through the battery pack interface 24, thereby allowing airflow to enter between the battery cells 11 through the first air inlet 122 for air cooling of the battery cells 11. Cooling can be achieved before or during charging of the battery pack 1 to ensure smooth charging. In other embodiments, the fan in the charger 2 can extract air from the battery pack 1 through vents on the battery pack 1, thereby cooling the battery pack 1.

[0156] like Figures 72 to 74 As shown, in order to ensure charging efficiency during the charging process of battery pack 1, this application provides a charger. The charger 2 includes a housing 21, a battery pack interface 24, a Peltier element 22, and a controller 27.

[0157] The battery pack interface 24 is disposed on the housing 21 for electrical connection with the battery pack 1. The Peltier element 22 is housed in the housing 21 and includes a first working surface 221 and a second working surface 222. In a first operating mode, the first working surface 221 absorbs heat and the second working surface 222 releases heat; in a second operating mode, the first working surface 221 releases heat and the second working surface 222 absorbs heat. The controller 27 is electrically connected to the battery pack interface 24 and the Peltier element 22. The controller 27 is configured to acquire the temperature of the battery pack 1 and, based on the temperature of the battery pack 1, control the Peltier element 22 to enter either the first or second operating mode.

[0158] During the charging process of battery pack 1, it is essential to maintain a suitable temperature to ensure charging efficiency. Controller 27 controls Peltier element 22 by acquiring the temperature of battery pack 1, and utilizes the working surface of Peltier element 22 near battery pack interface 24 for cooling or heating, thereby controlling the temperature of battery pack 1 to ensure it is at a suitable charging temperature and thus guaranteeing charging efficiency.

[0159] In some embodiments, the controller 27 obtains the temperature of the battery pack 1 by communicating with the battery pack 1. A temperature detection element 10 for detecting the temperature of the battery cell 11 is provided in the battery pack 1. The temperature detection element 10 communicates with the controller 27 and sends the collected temperature value of the battery cell 11 to the controller 27. The controller 27 controls the Peltier element 22 according to the temperature value of the battery cell 11.

[0160] In some embodiments, the controller 27 obtains the temperature of the battery pack 1 through a temperature sensor in the charger 2. By detecting the temperature of the battery pack 1 through the temperature sensor, the temperature value of the battery pack 1 can be quickly obtained, facilitating the controller 27 to control the Peltier element 22 based on the temperature value of the battery pack 1.

[0161] like Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the first working surface 221 is positioned closer to the battery pack interface 24 than the second working surface 222. By controlling the Peltier element 22 to be in either the first or second working mode via the controller 27, the first working surface 221 can be controlled to absorb or release heat. The cooled or heated airflow can then enter the battery pack 1 through the battery pack interface 24 to regulate the temperature of the battery pack 1.

[0162] like Figure 73 , Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the charger 2 includes a first fan 25. In a first operating mode, the first fan 25 dissipates heat from the second working surface 222. Since the second working surface 222 releases heat simultaneously when the first working surface 221 is cooling, the first fan 25 is used to dissipate the heat from the second working surface 222 into the charger 2's casing 21, preventing the charger 2 from overheating.

[0163] like Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the charger 2 further includes a control board 28, on which a controller 27 is disposed. By integrating the controller 27 onto the control board 28, the controller 27 can be cooled when the first fan 25 drives airflow to cool the control board 28. The control board 28 can be a PCB board.

[0164] like Figure 73As shown, in some embodiments, the charger 2 has a charging air outlet 211, through which airflow passes through the control board 28 and the second working surface 222 via the first fan 25 and is then discharged through the charging air outlet 211. During charging, the first fan 25 operates to dissipate the heat generated by the control board 28 and the second working surface 222 through the charging air outlet 211, thereby protecting the electronic components of the control board 28 and ensuring that the control board 28 operates normally at a suitable temperature.

[0165] like Figure 73 , Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the charger 2 includes a second fan 26 and a charging air inlet 212. Airflow can flow through the charging air inlet 212, across the first working surface 221, and through the second fan 26 into the battery pack interface 24. During the charging process of the battery pack 1, the second fan 26 is turned on, and external airflow enters through the charging air inlet 212, flows through the first working surface 221, and then enters the battery pack interface 24 through the second fan 26, thereby controlling the temperature of the charging battery pack 1. By setting the second fan 26, the airflow can be effectively driven, thus ensuring the cooling effect.

[0166] In some embodiments, the switching between the first and second operating modes is achieved by reversing the current flow through the Peltier element 22. The switching of the operating modes of the Peltier element 22 is similar to the forward and reverse control of a motor; the first and second operating modes can be controlled by adjusting the direction of the current flow.

[0167] like Figure 75 As shown, the working process of this charger 2 is as follows: The controller 27 acquires the temperature value of the battery pack 1 and determines whether it is higher than a first threshold. If so, it turns on the first fan 25 and the second fan 26, and controls the Peltier element 22 to be in the first working mode. The controller 27 acquires the temperature value of the battery pack 1 and determines whether it is lower than a third threshold. If not, it controls the Peltier element 22 to be in the first working mode until the requirement is met. If the temperature value is lower than the third threshold, it controls the Peltier element 22 to stop working, and both the first fan 25 and the second fan 26 are turned off for normal charging. The first threshold is 80℃, and the third threshold is 40℃. Of course, the first and third thresholds can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0168] If the temperature of battery pack 1 is not higher than the first threshold, it is then determined whether the temperature is lower than the second threshold. If not, it enters the normal charging mode; if so, the second fan 26 is turned on, and the Peltier element 22 is controlled to be in the second working mode. The controller 27 obtains the temperature of battery pack 1 and determines whether the temperature is higher than the fourth threshold. If not, the Peltier element 22 is controlled to be in the second working mode until the requirement is met. If the temperature is higher than the fourth threshold, the Peltier element 22 is controlled to stop working, the second fan 26 is turned off, and normal charging is performed. The second threshold is 0℃, and the fourth threshold is 2℃. Of course, both the second and fourth thresholds can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0169] like Figures 72 to 74 As shown, in order to ensure charging efficiency during the charging process of battery pack 1, this application also provides a charger. The charger 2 includes a housing 21, a battery pack interface 24, a Peltier element 22, a first fan 25, and a second fan 26. The battery pack interface 24 is disposed in the housing 21 for electrical connection with the battery pack 1. The Peltier element 22 is housed in the housing 21 and includes a first working surface 221 and a second working surface 222. The first working surface 221 is disposed closer to the battery pack interface 24 than the second working surface 222. The first fan 25 is configured to guide airflow through the second working surface 222. The second fan 26 is configured to guide airflow through the first working surface 221 to the battery pack interface 24.

[0170] During the charging process of battery pack 1 by charger 2, the first working surface 221 of Peltier element 22 is heated or cooled according to the temperature of battery pack 1. When the first working surface 221 of Peltier element 22 is cooled, the first fan 25 and the second fan 26 are turned on. The first fan 25 exhausts the heat generated by the second working surface 222 to the outer casing 21, and the second fan 26 guides the airflow through the first working surface 221 and into the battery pack interface 24 to cool battery pack 1. When the temperature of battery pack 1 is low, the first working surface 221 is heated, and the second fan 26 guides the airflow through the first working surface 221 and into the battery pack interface 24 to heat battery pack 1. In this way, the temperature of battery pack 1 can be regulated by charger 2 to keep battery pack 1 at a suitable charging temperature and ensure charging efficiency.

[0171] like Figure 73 , Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the first fan 25 is configured to guide airflow from inside the housing 21 to outside the housing 21, and the second fan 26 is configured to guide airflow from outside the housing 21 into the housing 21. By controlling the first fan 25 and the second fan 26, the airflow direction can be effectively controlled, thereby regulating the temperature of the battery pack 1 and the charger 2.

[0172] like Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the charger 2 further includes a control board 28, and the first fan 25 is configured to guide airflow through the control board 28 and the second working surface 222. When the first fan 25 is working, the airflow can carry away the heat generated by the control board 28 and the second working surface 222, thereby ensuring that the charger 2 can perform normal charging operations.

[0173] like Figure 73 As shown, in some embodiments, heat dissipation fins 223 are provided on the first working surface 221 and / or the second working surface 222. By providing heat dissipation fins 223, the contact area with air can be increased, enabling rapid heat exchange with the airflow flowing through the first working surface 221 and / or the second working surface 222.

[0174] like Figure 73 , Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the charger 2 includes a partition element 23, with a first working surface 221 and a second working surface 222 located on opposite sides of the partition element 23. By setting the partition element 23, the first working surface 221 and the second working surface 222 can be isolated, thereby ensuring that the first working surface 221 and the second working surface 222 do not affect each other, ensuring that the charger 2 works normally while enabling temperature control of the battery pack 1.

[0175] like Figure 73 , Figure 74 As shown, in some embodiments, the first fan 25 and the second fan 26 are respectively mounted on both sides of the partition element 23. The partition element 23 separates the first fan 25 and the second fan 26, so that the operation of the first fan 25 and the second fan 26 does not affect each other.

[0176] In some embodiments, the Peltier element 22 has a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, the first working surface 221 absorbs heat and the second working surface 222 releases heat; in the second operating mode, the first working surface 221 releases heat and the second working surface 222 absorbs heat. The controller 27 on the control board 28 can obtain the temperature of the battery pack 1 by communicating with the temperature detection element of the battery pack 1. The controller 27 controls the Peltier element 22 to be in the first operating mode or the second operating mode according to the temperature value of the battery pack 1. In this way, the temperature of the battery pack 1 can be effectively controlled and regulated, so that the battery pack 1 is at a suitable charging temperature.

[0177] In some embodiments, switching between the first and second operating modes is achieved by reversing the current flow through the Peltier element 22. This switching is similar to the forward and reverse control of a motor; the first and second operating modes can be controlled by adjusting the direction of current flow.

[0178] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit this application in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A charger, characterized in that, include: Outer shell (21); A battery pack interface (24) is provided on the housing (21) for electrical connection with the battery pack (1); A Peltier element (22) is housed in the housing (21). The Peltier element (22) includes a first working surface (221) and a second working surface (222). In a first working mode, the first working surface (221) absorbs heat and the second working surface (222) releases heat. In a second working mode, the first working surface (221) releases heat and the second working surface (222) absorbs heat. The controller (27) is electrically connected to the battery pack interface (24) and the Peltier element (22). The controller (27) is configured to: acquire the temperature of the battery pack (1) and control the Peltier element (22) to enter the first working mode or the second working mode according to the temperature of the battery pack (1).

2. The charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (27) obtains the temperature of the battery pack (1) by communicating with the battery pack (1) or by obtaining the temperature of the battery pack (1) through the temperature detection device of the charger (2).

3. The charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first working surface (221) is positioned closer to the battery pack interface (24) relative to the second working surface (222).

4. The charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charger (2) includes a first fan (25) which, in the first operating mode, dissipates heat from the second working surface (222).

5. The charger according to claim 4, characterized in that, The charger (2) includes a second fan (26) and has a charging air inlet (212) through which airflow can flow through the charging air inlet (212) past the first working surface (221) and the second fan (26) into the battery pack interface (24).

6. The charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching between the first operating mode and the second operating mode is achieved by reversing the power supply to the Peltier element (22).

7. A charger, characterized in that, include: Outer shell (21); A battery pack interface (24) is provided on the housing (21) for electrical connection with the battery pack (1); A Peltier element (22) is housed in the housing (21). The Peltier element (22) includes a first working surface (221) and a second working surface (222). The first working surface (221) is disposed near the battery pack interface (24) relative to the second working surface (222). The first fan (25) is configured to guide airflow through the second working surface (222); The second fan (26) is configured to guide airflow through the first working surface (221) to the battery pack interface (24).

8. The charger according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first fan (25) is configured to guide airflow from inside the housing (21) to outside the housing (21), and the second fan (26) is configured to guide airflow from outside the housing (21) into the housing (21).

9. The charger according to claim 7, characterized in that, The charger (2) also includes a control board (28), and the first fan (25) is configured to guide airflow through the control board (28) and the second working surface (222).

10. The charger according to claim 7, characterized in that, Heat dissipation fins (223) are provided on the first working surface (221) and / or the second working surface (222).

11. The charger according to claim 7, characterized in that, The charger (2) includes a partition element (23), with the first working surface (221) and the second working surface (222) located on both sides of the partition element (23).

12. The charger according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first fan (25) and the second fan (26) are respectively installed on both sides of the partition element (23).

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