Seismic acquisition observation system optimization method and system for complex obstacle area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration and observation system design, in particular to a seismic acquisition and observation system optimization method and system for a complex obstacle area, and the method comprises the steps: recognizing a linear obstacle band which is in a non-orthogonal relation with a measuring line direction in a work area, and determining an obstacle adjacent area and a target surface element set; carrying out statistics on an azimuth angle sector and a shot-geophone offset interval which are missed due to directional truncation of a linear obstacle band on a source detection vector in the target surface element set, and constructing a directional missing feature vector; generating a compensation source detection combination set, and calculating a compensation contribution value and a return contribution value; and iteratively selecting a compensation source detection combination according to the compensation contribution value and the return contribution value, and updating the directivity missing feature vector to obtain a seismic acquisition observation system scheme after compensation optimization. According to the method, targeted compensation can be carried out on directivity deficiency under the construction constraint condition, and cooperative adjustment of azimuth angle distribution and offset distribution in an observation system is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration and observation system design technology, specifically to an optimization method and system for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex and obstacle-prone areas. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic exploration, the design of the observation system needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the layout of shot and receiver points, shot-receiver distance, coverage times, and azimuth distribution, under the given target horizon and imaging accuracy requirements, in order to obtain acquired data that meets the requirements of subsequent processing and interpretation. In areas with local obstacles, adjustments are usually made by relocating, supplementing, or eliminating affected excitation or receiver points to make the coverage times and spatial sampling as close as possible to the design target. This type of method can meet the basic acquisition requirements when the obstacle scale is small or the distribution is relatively discrete.

[0003] However, in complex obstacle areas where linear obstacle zones, such as highways, railways, rivers, or utility tunnels, are continuously distributed and intersect or are approximately parallel to the acquisition beams, these linear obstacle zones continuously restrict source-receiver combinations across the area, resulting in long-term loss of source-receiver vectors in some azimuth directions within the obstacle's vicinity. Even if conventional point replenishment can restore coverage to some extent, problems such as azimuth distribution skew and shot-receiver distance distortion will still occur, thus affecting the effective illumination capability of the target area.

[0004] Existing technologies mainly focus on the number of coverages or compensation for missing coverage areas, lacking design methods for modeling and controlling the directional loss caused by linear obstacle zones. It is difficult to coordinate the constraints of azimuth distribution and shot-receiver distance distribution, resulting in the difficulty in effectively restoring the overall geometric characteristics of the observation system under the premise of meeting construction constraints. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optimization method and system for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle zones, so as to solve the problem of difficulty in coordinating the correction of azimuth distribution deviation and shot-receiver distance distribution distortion in the observation system under the action of linear obstacle zones.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, the present invention provides an optimization method for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle zones, the method comprising: Step S1: Identify linear obstacle zones within the work area that are not orthogonal to the survey line direction; obtain the main axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone of the linear obstacle zone; determine the obstacle proximity region of the linear obstacle zone based on the main axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone; and determine the CDP surface elements within the obstacle proximity region as the target surface element set.

[0007] Step S2: Statistically identify the missing azimuth sectors and shot-receiver distance intervals in the target element set caused by the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone, and construct the directional missing feature vector for each target element.

[0008] Step S3: Generate a set of compensated source-detection combinations that are geometrically symmetrical with respect to the principal axis direction of the linear obstacle zone; calculate the compensation contribution and positive correction contribution of each compensated source-detection combination in the set to the directional missing feature vector.

[0009] Step S4: Based on the compensation contribution value and the positive return contribution value, iteratively select compensation source-detection combinations from the compensation source-detection combination set and update the directional missing feature vector until the preset homogeneity condition is met; superimpose the selected compensation source-detection combinations with the original seismic acquisition and observation system to obtain the compensation-optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for constructing the directional missing feature vector for each target element in the statistical target element set, which includes the missing azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval caused by the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone, includes: Obtain the spatial boundary of the linear barrier zone; construct a set of source and receiver vectors corresponding to each target surface element based on the spatial coordinates of the excitation point and receiver point in the original seismic acquisition observation system; determine the source and receiver vectors whose excitation point and receiver point are both located outside the safety buffer and do not cross the spatial boundary as valid source and receiver vectors.

[0011] The 360-degree azimuth is divided into multiple azimuth sectors according to the preset angle interval; the shot-receiver distance is divided into multiple shot-receiver distance intervals according to the source-receiver vector distribution range and the preset distance interval in the original seismic acquisition observation system; a two-dimensional grid is established based on the azimuth sectors and shot-receiver distance intervals.

[0012] Within each target surface element, the effective source detection vectors are statistically analyzed according to the two-dimensional grid to obtain the actual coverage count of the corresponding grid element; the designed coverage count of the corresponding grid element is calculated based on the original seismic acquisition and observation system; and the difference between the designed coverage count and the actual coverage count of the corresponding grid element is calculated.

[0013] Using the difference in coverage times of corresponding grid cells as matrix element values, an initial directional missing matrix is ​​constructed for each target surface element; adjacency relationships between adjacent target surface elements are established according to the projection order of the center point of each target surface element along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone; the initial directional missing matrix of adjacent target surface elements is spatially smoothed according to the adjacency relationship, and the smoothed initial directional missing matrix is ​​expanded according to a preset row priority order to obtain the directional missing feature vector of each target surface element.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for generating a compensation source-detector combination set that exhibits a predetermined geometrical symmetry relative to the principal axis direction of the linear barrier zone includes: Obtain the set of available excitation points and the set of available permutations; obtain the area boundaries where excitation points and receiver points are prohibited from being deployed; take the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval corresponding to the grid cell with the largest difference in coverage times in each target surface element as the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval of the corresponding target surface element.

[0015] Using the straight line containing the centerline of the linear obstacle zone as the axis of symmetry; selecting from the set of available excitation points a point located outside the boundary of the region, at a distance less than the preset maximum shot-receiver distance from the center point of the target element, and exhibiting mirror symmetry about the axis of symmetry or an approximate mirror symmetry relationship satisfying a preset symmetry tolerance; selecting from the set of available arrangements a receiver arrangement that meets preset deployment constraints within the coverage area of ​​the target element and exhibits mirror symmetry about the axis of symmetry or an approximate mirror symmetry relationship satisfying a preset symmetry tolerance.

[0016] The excitation points and receivers corresponding to each target surface element are combined to obtain an initial compensation source-detection combination subset corresponding to each target surface element; the initial compensation source-detection combination subsets are summarized to obtain an initial compensation source-detection combination set; and a compensation source-detection combination set is obtained by filtering from the initial compensation source-detection combination set according to the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval corresponding to each target surface element.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for selecting the compensation source-detection combination set from the initial compensation source-detection combination set based on the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval corresponding to each target surface element includes: The target elements in the target element set are sorted along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone to obtain a target element sequence; adjacent target element pairs are determined based on the consecutive target elements in the target element sequence.

[0018] Based on the angle difference between the priority compensation sectors of each adjacent target element pair, the priority compensation sector corresponding to the next target element in the adjacent target element pair is corrected to obtain the priority compensation sector after continuous constraint; based on the distance difference between the priority compensation intervals of each adjacent target element pair, the priority compensation interval corresponding to the next target element in the adjacent target element pair is corrected to obtain the priority compensation interval after continuous constraint, and the correction is performed sequentially according to the target element sequence, so that the correction result of the previous target element is used as the input for the correction of the next target element.

[0019] Based on the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval after continuous constraints corresponding to each target surface element, the compensation source-detection combination set is obtained by filtering from the initial compensation source-detection combination set.

[0020] Furthermore, the method for calculating the compensation contribution value and positive correction contribution value of each compensation source-detection combination in the compensation source-detection combination set to the directional missing feature vector includes: The total coverage difference of each target surface element is determined based on the coverage difference of each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector; the corresponding weight coefficient is calculated based on the total coverage difference of each target surface element; the grid cells covered by the source detection vector corresponding to each compensation source detection combination in the compensation source detection combination set and the covered target surface elements are determined; the compensation contribution value of the compensation source detection combination is calculated by weighted summation based on the coverage difference of the grid cells covered by the compensation source detection combination and the weight coefficients corresponding to the target surface elements covered by the compensation source detection combination.

[0021] Calculate the first distribution center of the directional missing feature vector in the azimuth dimension and the second distribution center in the shot-receiver distance dimension; introduce the source-receiver vector corresponding to the compensation source-receiver combination into the directional missing feature vector to construct a simulated missing feature vector; calculate the third distribution center of the simulated missing feature vector in the azimuth dimension and the fourth distribution center in the shot-receiver distance dimension; normalize the values ​​based on the differences between the first and third distribution centers and the differences between the second and fourth distribution centers, and perform weighted summation based on preset weight coefficients to calculate the positive return contribution value of the compensation source-receiver combination.

[0022] Furthermore, the method of introducing the source-detection vector corresponding to the compensated source-detection combination into the directional missing feature vector to construct the simulated missing feature vector includes: The target surface element covered by the compensation source-detection combination is determined as the current target surface element; along the main axis direction of the linear obstacle zone, the target surface element adjacent to the current target surface element is determined according to the adjacency relationship of adjacent target surface elements, and is determined as the associated target surface element; the hit grid cell of the source-detection vector corresponding to the compensation source-detection combination in the current target surface element, and the corresponding grid cell in the associated target surface element are determined.

[0023] Based on the adjacency distance between the current target cell and the associated target cell in the principal axis direction, the correction coefficients of the hit grid cell and the corresponding grid cell are calculated; based on the correction coefficients, a replica vector is constructed based on the directional missing feature vector, and the hit grid cell and the corresponding grid cell are subtracted and corrected in the replica vector to obtain the simulated missing feature vector.

[0024] Furthermore, the method of iteratively selecting compensation source-detection combinations from the compensation source-detection combination set and updating the directional missing feature vector until the preset uniformity condition is met, based on the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value, includes: Based on the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value, each compensation source-detection combination in the compensation source-detection combination set is evaluated to obtain the corresponding evaluation value; the compensation source-detection combination with the largest evaluation value is selected from the compensation source-detection combination set and determined as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination.

[0025] Based on the currently selected compensation source-detection combination, the directional missing feature vector is updated to obtain the updated directional missing feature vector; in the set of compensation source-detection combinations, unselected compensation source-detection combinations that cover at least one of the same grid cells as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination are identified.

[0026] The compensation contribution value and positive return contribution value of the unselected compensation source-detection combination are corrected to obtain the corrected compensation contribution value and the corrected positive return contribution value; the unselected compensation source-detection combination is evaluated based on the corrected compensation contribution value and the corrected positive return contribution value to obtain the corrected evaluation value.

[0027] Based on the updated directional missing feature vector and the corrected and uncorrected evaluation values, compensation source-detection combinations are selected from all unselected compensation source-detection combinations until the difference in coverage times corresponding to each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector is less than a preset difference threshold.

[0028] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an optimization system for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle zones, the system comprising: The obstacle modeling module is used to identify linear obstacle zones within the work area that are not orthogonal to the survey line direction; obtain the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone of the linear obstacle zone; determine the obstacle proximity region of the linear obstacle zone based on the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone; and determine the CDP surface elements within the obstacle proximity region as the target surface element set.

[0029] The missing characterization module is used to statistically analyze the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance intervals in the target element set that are missing due to the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone, and to construct the directional missing feature vector for each target element.

[0030] The compensation generation module is used to generate a set of compensation source-detection combinations that are geometrically symmetrical with respect to the principal axis direction of the linear obstacle zone; and to calculate the compensation contribution value and the positive correction contribution value of each compensation source-detection combination in the set of compensation source-detection combinations to the directional missing feature vector.

[0031] The optimization decision module is used to iteratively select compensation source-detection combinations from the compensation source-detection combination set based on the compensation contribution value and the positive return contribution value, and update the directional missing feature vector until the preset uniformity condition is met; the selected compensation source-detection combinations are superimposed with the original seismic acquisition and observation system to obtain the compensation-optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By constructing a directional missing feature vector, the missing azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval caused by linear obstacle zones are quantitatively characterized. Based on the compensation contribution value and the positive correction contribution value, the compensation source-receiver combination is iteratively selected. Under the premise of meeting construction constraints, targeted compensation for directional missing in the observation system is achieved, which effectively improves the azimuth distribution deviation and shot-receiver distance distribution distortion problems in the area near the obstacle.

[0033] 2. By constructing a simulated missing feature vector during the introduction of the compensation source-detection combination, and correcting the hit grid cells by combining the adjacency relationship of adjacent target surface elements, the compensation process can simultaneously consider the coordinated changes in spatial continuity and directional distribution, thereby further improving the overall consistency of the geometric characteristics of the observation system and enhancing the stability and adaptability of the observation system in complex obstacle areas. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the optimization method for seismic acquisition and observation system in complex obstacle areas according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the optimized system for the seismic acquisition and observation system in complex obstacle areas according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Before giving examples, it is necessary to explain the application scenarios of the present invention. The present invention is applicable to three-dimensional seismic exploration areas with linear obstacle zones that extend continuously along a single principal axis. The obstacle zone forms cross-regional restrictions on the source-detector combination. The target surface elements are distributed sequentially along the principal axis. The observation system design needs to make correlation adjustments to the acquisition geometry at different locations under the constraint of the obstacle.

[0037] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an optimization method for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle areas. The method includes: Identify linear obstacle zones within the work area that are not orthogonal to the survey line direction; obtain the main axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone of the linear obstacle zone; determine the obstacle proximity region of the linear obstacle zone based on the main axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone; and determine the CDP surface elements within the obstacle proximity region as the target surface element set.

[0038] For example, in a certain 3D seismic exploration area, a northeast-southwest oriented highway obliquely crosses the design survey line in the middle of the area at an angle of approximately 35°. Based on the 1:2000 topographic map of the area and field reconnaissance data, the centerline of the highway is extracted as the centerline of the linear obstacle zone, and the spatial boundary of the linear obstacle zone is determined by connecting the outer edges of the highway shoulders on both sides. The principal axis of the linear obstacle zone is NE43°. The width of the linear obstacle zone is 24 meters, the vertical distance between the outer edges of the two shoulders. According to the seismic acquisition construction specifications, a safety buffer zone is formed by extending 50 meters outward on both sides of the aforementioned spatial boundary. Excitation and reception points are prohibited within the safety buffer zone. Using the principal axis of the linear obstacle zone as a reference, the area extends 200 meters outward on both sides along the normal perpendicular to the principal axis, outside the safety buffer zone, to obtain the obstacle proximity area. The 200-meter extension distance is determined based on the maximum shot-receiver distance of 400 meters in the area. Within the obstacle proximity area, CDP (Continuous Data Point) meshes are divided with a grid spacing of 10 meters × 10 meters. CDP facets whose center point falls within the area adjacent to the obstacle are selected to form a target facet set.

[0039] Obtain the spatial boundary of the linear barrier zone; construct a set of source and receiver vectors corresponding to each target surface element based on the spatial coordinates of the excitation point and receiver point in the original seismic acquisition observation system; determine the source and receiver vectors whose excitation point and receiver point are both located outside the safety buffer and do not cross the spatial boundary as valid source and receiver vectors.

[0040] The 360-degree azimuth is divided into multiple azimuth sectors according to the preset angle interval; the shot-receiver distance is divided into multiple shot-receiver distance intervals according to the source-receiver vector distribution range and the preset distance interval in the original seismic acquisition observation system; a two-dimensional grid is established based on the azimuth sectors and shot-receiver distance intervals.

[0041] Within each target surface element, the effective source detection vectors are statistically analyzed according to the two-dimensional grid to obtain the actual coverage count of the corresponding grid element; the designed coverage count of the corresponding grid element is calculated based on the original seismic acquisition and observation system; and the difference between the designed coverage count and the actual coverage count of the corresponding grid element is calculated.

[0042] Using the difference in coverage times of corresponding grid cells as matrix element values, an initial directional missing matrix is ​​constructed for each target surface element; adjacency relationships between adjacent target surface elements are established according to the projection order of the center point of each target surface element along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone; the initial directional missing matrix of adjacent target surface elements is spatially smoothed according to the adjacency relationship, and the smoothed initial directional missing matrix is ​​expanded according to a preset row priority order to obtain the directional missing feature vector of each target surface element.

[0043] For example, taking target element A as an example, the center point coordinates of target element A are (1250, 980). Under the condition that the combination of the center point of target element A with the firing point and the receiving point satisfies the constraint of a maximum shot-receiver distance of 400 meters, a total of 48 source-receiver vectors are obtained. Each source-receiver vector is judged: Source-receiver vector V1 is selected, with firing point coordinates of (1180, 920) and receiving point coordinates of (1320, 1020). The shortest distance between the firing point and the straight line containing the center line of the linear obstacle zone is calculated to be 72 meters, and the shortest distance between the receiving point and the straight line containing the center line of the linear obstacle zone is 68 meters, both of which are greater than the safety buffer zone range of 50 meters; the line connecting the firing point and the receiving point is taken as a line segment, and the intersection with the spatial boundary of the linear obstacle zone is judged. The line segment does not intersect with the spatial boundary, so source-receiver vector V1 is judged as a valid source-receiver vector. Source-receiver vector V2 is selected, with firing point coordinates of (1210, 960) and receiving point coordinates of (1280, 1005). The shortest distance between the excitation point and the centerline of the linear obstacle zone is calculated to be 32 meters, which is less than the 50-meter safety buffer zone. Therefore, this source-detection vector does not meet the condition that the excitation point is outside the safety buffer zone, and source-detection vector V2 is discarded. Source-detection vector V3 is selected, with excitation point coordinates of (1100, 900) and receiver point coordinates of (1400, 1080). Both the excitation and receiver points are outside the safety buffer zone, but the line connecting the excitation and receiver points intersects with the spatial boundary of the linear obstacle zone, indicating that the source-detection path crosses the linear obstacle zone. Therefore, source-detection vector V3 is discarded. The above judgment process is performed on each of the 48 source-detection vectors corresponding to target element A, and finally 31 valid source-detection vectors are retained, while 17 invalid source-detection vectors are discarded.

[0044] The 360-degree azimuth was divided into 24 azimuth sectors at 15-degree intervals: 0°-15°, 15°-30°, 30°-45°, up to 345°-360°. Based on the source-receiver distance distribution range of the source-receiver vectors in the original seismic acquisition system (0-400 meters), it was divided into 8 source-receiver distance intervals at 50-meter intervals: 0-50 meters, 50-100 meters, 100-150 meters, up to 350-400 meters. A 24×8 two-dimensional grid was established based on the 24 azimuth sectors and 8 source-receiver distance intervals. For each effective source-receiver vector corresponding to target element A, the azimuth and source-receiver distance were calculated, determining the sector to which the azimuth belonged and the interval to which the source-receiver distance belonged. The count values ​​were accumulated on the corresponding grid cells to obtain the actual coverage count for each grid cell. In target element A, the actual coverage times of the grid cells corresponding to the azimuth sector 75°-90° and the shot-receiver distance interval 150-200 meters are 2. Based on the design parameters of the original seismic acquisition system, the design coverage times for each grid cell are calculated under unobstructed conditions. The design coverage times for the azimuth sector 75°-90° and the shot-receiver distance interval 150-200 meters in target element A are 8. For each grid cell, the difference between the design coverage times and the actual coverage times is calculated. When the design coverage times are greater than the actual coverage times, the difference is used as the coverage times difference for that grid cell; when the design coverage times are less than or equal to the actual coverage times, the coverage times difference is recorded as 0. The non-negative truncation rule is also applied to the subsequent deduction and correction of the coverage times difference; when the deduction result is less than 0, the coverage times difference is recorded as 0. The coverage times difference for the aforementioned grid cells in target element A is 6. The coverage differences of each grid cell are arranged in the row and column order of the 2D grid to obtain the initial directional missing matrix of target cell A. The above arrangement operation is performed on each target cell in the target cell set to obtain the initial directional missing matrix of each target cell.

[0045] The spatial coordinates of the center point of each target element are obtained. The center point of each target element is then projected along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone at NE43° to obtain the projected value of each target element. The target elements are then sorted in ascending order of their projected values ​​to obtain a target element sequence. Two adjacent target elements in the target element sequence are defined as a group of adjacent target elements. Adjacency relationships are established based on the consecutive adjacent target elements in the target element sequence. Adjacent target elements are continuously distributed along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone within the obstacle's vicinity, and the difference in coverage count between adjacent target elements exhibits a continuous variation. Target cell A, along with its preceding and succeeding target cells B and C along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone, are selected. The initial directional missing matrix elements corresponding to the azimuth sector 75°-90° and the shot-receiver distance interval 150-200 meters for target cell A have a value of 6, the corresponding element values ​​for target cell B have a value of 5, and the corresponding element values ​​for target cell C have a value of 7. An arithmetic mean is calculated for these three element values ​​to obtain a smoothed element value of 6. This calculation is performed on all grid cells to obtain the smoothed result of the initial directional missing matrix for target cell A. The smoothed initial directional missing matrix is ​​then expanded according to a preset row priority order to obtain the directional missing feature vector of target cell A. The preset row priority order is arranged in ascending order of azimuth sector, and within each azimuth sector, arranged in ascending order of shot-receiver distance interval. For target cells located at the end of the target cell sequence, the end target cell and its adjacent target cells are selected for arithmetic mean calculation.

[0046] Obtain the set of available excitation points and the set of available permutations; obtain the area boundaries where excitation points and receiver points are prohibited from being deployed; take the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval corresponding to the grid cell with the largest difference in coverage times in each target surface element as the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval of the corresponding target surface element.

[0047] Using the straight line containing the centerline of the linear obstacle zone as the axis of symmetry; selecting from the set of available excitation points a point located outside the boundary of the region, at a distance less than the preset maximum shot-receiver distance from the center point of the target element, and exhibiting mirror symmetry about the axis of symmetry or an approximate mirror symmetry relationship satisfying a preset symmetry tolerance; selecting from the set of available arrangements a receiver arrangement that meets preset deployment constraints within the coverage area of ​​the target element and exhibits mirror symmetry about the axis of symmetry or an approximate mirror symmetry relationship satisfying a preset symmetry tolerance.

[0048] The excitation points and receivers corresponding to each target surface element are combined to obtain an initial compensation source-detector combination subset corresponding to each target surface element; the initial compensation source-detector combination subsets are summarized to obtain an initial compensation source-detector combination set; the target surface elements in the target surface element set are sorted along the main axis direction of the linear obstacle zone to obtain a target surface element sequence; adjacent target surface element pairs are determined based on the adjacent target surface elements in the target surface element sequence.

[0049] Based on the angle difference between the priority compensation sectors of each adjacent target element pair, the priority compensation sector corresponding to the next target element in the adjacent target element pair is corrected to obtain the priority compensation sector after continuous constraint; based on the distance difference between the priority compensation intervals of each adjacent target element pair, the priority compensation interval corresponding to the next target element in the adjacent target element pair is corrected to obtain the priority compensation interval after continuous constraint, and the correction is performed sequentially according to the target element sequence, so that the correction result of the previous target element is used as the input for the correction of the next target element.

[0050] Based on the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval after continuous constraints corresponding to each target surface element, the compensation source-detection combination set is obtained by filtering from the initial compensation source-detection combination set.

[0051] For example, a set of 1200 available excitation points is extracted from the construction design of the work area; a set of 7 available receiver arrangements is extracted from the observation system design, each receiving arrangement including the number of receiver lines, the channel spacing, and the relative position parameters of the receiver points within the arrangement; a safety buffer boundary is obtained by extending 50 meters outward from the spatial boundary of the linear obstacle zone, and the safety buffer boundary serves as the boundary of the area where the placement of excitation and receiver points is prohibited. For target element A, the grid cell with the largest difference in coverage times is determined from the directional missing feature vector, the azimuth sector of 75°-90° is determined as the priority compensation sector, and the shot-receiver distance interval of 150-200 meters is determined as the priority compensation interval. Using the centerline of the linear obstacle zone as the axis of symmetry, with the centerline of the linear obstacle zone at NE43°, the original excitation point S1023 in the effective source-detection vector corresponding to target element A is obtained, with coordinates (1180, 920). S1023 is mirrored about the axis of symmetry to obtain the mirror position coordinates (1320, 1040). The distance between each excitation point and the mirror position is calculated in the set of available excitation points. The coordinates of excitation point S2156 are (1318, 1042), and the distance is 2.83 meters. The coordinates of excitation point S2189 are (1325, 1038), and the distance is 5.39 meters. The coordinates of excitation point S2201 are (1310, 1045), and the distance is 11.18 meters. Excitation points whose distance from the mirror position is less than or equal to the preset symmetry tolerance of 5 meters are determined as excitation points that satisfy the approximate mirror symmetry relationship. The excitation point S_2156 with the smallest distance is selected as the compensation excitation point, and excitation points located within the boundary of the prohibited deployment area or whose Euclidean distance from the center point of the target surface element A is greater than 400 meters are screened out.

[0052] Obtain the receiving arrangement P3 corresponding to the target surface element A. Mirror the receiving points in receiving arrangement P3 about the axis of symmetry to obtain the mirror arrangement position. Select receiving arrangement P5 from the available arrangement set. The coverage area of ​​receiving arrangement P5 is 230m × 150m. All receiving points in receiving arrangement P5 are located outside the boundary of the prohibited deployment area. Receiving arrangement P5 covers the area where target surface element A is located. The spatial distribution of receiving points in receiving arrangement P5 relative to the axis of symmetry is consistent with the mirror arrangement position. Receiver arrangement P5 is determined as the compensation receiving arrangement. Combine the compensation excitation point S2156 with the compensation receiving arrangement P5 to obtain the compensation source-detection combination (S2156, P5) of target surface element A. Perform mirror mapping and combination operations on each valid source-detection vector corresponding to target surface element A to obtain the initial compensation source-detection combination subset of target surface element A. Perform the above combination operation on each target surface element in the target surface element set, summarize all initial compensation source-detection combinations and remove duplicate combinations to obtain the initial compensation source-detection combination set. The center point of the target surface element is projected along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone at NE43°, and the target surface elements are arranged in ascending order of projection values ​​to obtain a target surface element sequence. Adjacent target surface element pairs are constructed based on the target surface elements at adjacent positions in the target surface element sequence. Priority compensation sector correction and priority compensation interval correction are performed sequentially according to the arrangement order of the target surface elements in the target surface element sequence, and the correction result of the previous target surface element is used as the input for the correction of the next target surface element.

[0053] The priority compensation sectors of target element A and its adjacent target element D are 75°-90° and 120°-135°, respectively, with an angle difference of 45°. Since 45° is greater than the preset angle difference threshold of 22.5°, the priority compensation sector of target element D is adjusted to 75°-90°. When the angle difference is less than or equal to 22.5°, the priority compensation sector of the subsequent target element remains unchanged. For example, the priority compensation sectors of target element A and its adjacent target element E are 75°-90° and 90°-105°, respectively, with an angle difference of 15°. Since 15° is less than 22.5°, the priority compensation sector of target element E remains unchanged at 90°-105°. For the next target element in an adjacent target element pair, calculate the distance difference between the priority compensation intervals. The priority compensation intervals for target element A and its adjacent target element D are 150-200 meters and 250-300 meters respectively, with a center distance difference of 100 meters. Since 100 meters is greater than the preset distance difference threshold of 75 meters, the priority compensation interval for target element D is adjusted to 150-200 meters. When the distance difference is less than or equal to 75 meters, the priority compensation interval for the next target element remains unchanged. For example, if the priority compensation intervals for target element A and its adjacent target element E are 150-200 meters and 200-250 meters respectively, with a center distance difference of 50 meters, since 50 meters is less than 75 meters, the priority compensation interval for target element E remains unchanged at 200-250 meters. Based on the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval after continuous constraints, compensation source-detection combinations that meet the following conditions are selected from the initial compensation source-detection combination set: the azimuth angle of the source-detection vector falls within 75°-90° and the shot-detection distance falls within 150-200 meters; the screening operation is performed on all target surface elements, the selected compensation source-detection combinations are summarized and duplicate combinations are removed to obtain the compensation source-detection combination set.

[0054] The total coverage difference of each target surface element is determined based on the coverage difference of each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector; the corresponding weight coefficient is calculated based on the total coverage difference of each target surface element; the grid cells covered by the source detection vector corresponding to each compensation source detection combination in the compensation source detection combination set and the covered target surface elements are determined; the compensation contribution value of the compensation source detection combination is calculated by weighted summation based on the coverage difference of the grid cells covered by the compensation source detection combination and the weight coefficients corresponding to the target surface elements covered by the compensation source detection combination.

[0055] Calculate the first distribution center of the directional missing feature vector in the azimuth dimension and the second distribution center in the shot-receiver distance dimension; determine the target surface element covered by the compensated source-receiver combination as the current target surface element; along the main axis direction of the linear obstacle zone, determine the target surface element adjacent to the current target surface element according to the adjacency relationship of adjacent target surface elements as the associated target surface element; determine the hit grid cell of the source-receiver vector corresponding to the compensated source-receiver combination in the current target surface element, and the corresponding grid cell in the associated target surface element.

[0056] Based on the adjacency distance between the current target cell and the associated target cell in the principal axis direction, the correction coefficients of the hit grid cell and the corresponding grid cell are calculated; based on the correction coefficients, a replica vector is constructed based on the directional missing feature vector, and the hit grid cell and the corresponding grid cell are subtracted and corrected in the replica vector to obtain the simulated missing feature vector.

[0057] Calculate the third distribution center of the simulated missing feature vector in the azimuth dimension and the fourth distribution center in the shot-receiver distance dimension; normalize the distribution based on the difference between the first and third distribution centers and the difference between the second and fourth distribution centers, and perform weighted summation based on preset weight coefficients to calculate the positive return contribution value of the compensation source-receiver combination.

[0058] For example, in the directional missing feature vector, the coverage difference values ​​corresponding to each grid cell of target surface element A are summed, resulting in a total coverage difference value of 128 for target surface element A; the coverage difference values ​​of each target surface element in the target surface element set are summed separately, resulting in a total coverage difference value of each target surface element; the total coverage difference value of all target surface elements is normalized to obtain the weight coefficient corresponding to each target surface element, resulting in a total coverage difference value of 1542 for all target surface elements, and a weight coefficient of 0.083 for target surface element A. The coverage of the source-receiver vector corresponding to the compensated source-receiver combination (S2156, P5) in target surface element A is determined; the source-receiver vector corresponding to the compensated source-receiver combination (S2156, P5) generates coverage in the grid cells corresponding to the azimuth sector 75°-90° and the shot-receiver distance interval 150-200 meters; the coverage difference value of this grid cell in target surface element A is 6; the coverage difference value of the corresponding grid cell in the adjacent target surface element B is 5. The weighted value is calculated by multiplying the coverage difference of target cell A by 6 times and the weight coefficient of target cell A by 0.083. The weighted value is calculated by multiplying the coverage difference of target cell B by 5 times and the weight coefficient of target cell B by 0.079. The weighted value is calculated by multiplying the coverage difference of target cell B by 5 times and the weight coefficient of target cell B by 0.079. The above calculation is performed on all grid cells covered by the compensation source-detection combination (S_2156, P5) and all weighted values ​​are summed. The compensation contribution value of the compensation source-detection combination (S_2156, P5) is 3.42. In the directional missing feature vector, vector elements with the same azimuth sector are first aggregated, and then the difference in coverage times after aggregation is used as the weight to calculate the weighted average of the center angle of the azimuth sector corresponding to target element A, resulting in a first distribution center of 82.5°; vector elements with the same shot-receiver distance interval are first aggregated, and then the difference in coverage times after aggregation is used as the weight to calculate the weighted average of the center value of the shot-receiver distance interval corresponding to target element A, resulting in a second distribution center of 175 meters.

[0059] The source-detector vector corresponding to the compensated source-detector combination (S_2156, P5) is introduced into the directional missing feature vector. Target element A is determined as the current target element. Within the current target element, the hit grid cells are identified as those corresponding to the azimuth sector of 75°-90° and the shot-detector distance interval of 150-200 meters. Based on the target element sequence, target element B adjacent to target element A is determined. Within target element B, the grid cells corresponding to the hit grid cells are identified. Since the adjacency distance between target element A and target element B along the principal axis is 20 meters, the correction coefficient for the hit grid cells in the current target element A is set to 1.0. For the corresponding grid cells in the associated target element B, the correction coefficient k is calculated according to k=max(0, 1-d / D), where d is the adjacency distance and D is the preset reference distance of 100 meters, resulting in a correction coefficient of 0.8. A replica vector is constructed based on the directional missing feature vector. The difference in coverage counts of the corresponding grid cells in target cell A (6 times) is multiplied by a correction factor of 1.0 to obtain a deduction value of 6 times. The difference in coverage counts of the corresponding grid cells in target cell B (5 times) is multiplied by a correction factor of 0.8 to obtain a deduction value of 4 times. The deduction operation is performed on the above grid cells in the replica vector, resulting in an update value of 0 times for the corresponding grid cells in target cell A and an update value of 1 time for the corresponding grid cells in target cell B. When the deduction result is less than 0, the difference in coverage counts of the corresponding grid cells is recorded as 0. The same operation is performed on all affected grid cells to obtain the simulated missing feature vector.

[0060] In simulating the missing feature vector, vector elements with the same azimuth sector are first aggregated, and then the updated value after aggregation is used as the weight to calculate the weighted average of the center angle of the azimuth sector corresponding to target element A, resulting in the third distribution center being 78.0°; vector elements with the same shot-receiver distance interval are first aggregated, and then the updated value after aggregation is used as the weight to calculate the weighted average of the center value of the shot-receiver distance interval corresponding to target element A, resulting in the fourth distribution center being 162 meters. The difference between the first distribution center (82.5°) and the third distribution center (78.0°) is calculated to be 4.5°. Dividing 4.5° by 180° yields a normalized azimuth difference of 0.025. The difference between the second distribution center (175 meters) and the fourth distribution center (162 meters) is calculated to be 13 meters. Dividing 13 meters by the maximum shot-receiver distance (400 meters) yields a normalized shot-receiver distance difference of 0.0325. The preset weighting coefficients are 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. The weighted sum of 0.025 and 0.0325 yields a positive return contribution value of 0.028 for the compensated source-receiver combination (S2156, P5).

[0061] Based on the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value, each compensation source-detection combination in the compensation source-detection combination set is evaluated to obtain the corresponding evaluation value; the compensation source-detection combination with the largest evaluation value is selected from the compensation source-detection combination set and determined as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination.

[0062] Based on the currently selected compensation source-detection combination, the directional missing feature vector is updated to obtain the updated directional missing feature vector; in the set of compensation source-detection combinations, unselected compensation source-detection combinations that cover at least one of the same grid cells as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination are identified.

[0063] The compensation contribution value and positive return contribution value of the unselected compensation source-detection combination are corrected to obtain the corrected compensation contribution value and the corrected positive return contribution value; the unselected compensation source-detection combination is evaluated based on the corrected compensation contribution value and the corrected positive return contribution value to obtain the corrected evaluation value.

[0064] Based on the updated directional missing feature vector and the corrected and uncorrected evaluation values, compensation source-detection combinations are selected from all unselected compensation source-detection combinations until the difference in coverage times corresponding to each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector is less than a preset difference threshold.

[0065] The selected compensation source-detection combination is superimposed with the original seismic acquisition and observation system to obtain the compensation-optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

[0066] For example, in the set of compensation source-detection combinations, the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value of each compensation source-detection combination are weighted and calculated. The evaluation value is calculated based on the weighted calculation of the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value, with weight coefficients of 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. For example, the compensation contribution value of compensation source-detection combination (S2156, P5) is 3.42, and the positive feedback contribution value is 0.028. The 0.028 is corrected by a preset adjustment coefficient of 100, and the weighted sum is used to obtain the evaluation value of 3.42×0.6+100×0.028×0.4=3.172. The same calculation is performed on all compensation source-detection combinations in the set of compensation source-detection combinations to obtain the evaluation value of each compensation source-detection combination. The evaluation values ​​are sorted in the set of compensation source-detection combinations, and the compensation source-detection combination with the largest evaluation value is selected as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination. The evaluation value of the compensated source-detection combination (S2156, P5) is 3.172, which is the maximum value in the current calculation round. Therefore, the compensated source-detection combination (S2156, P5) is determined as the currently selected compensated source-detection combination. The source-detection vector corresponding to the compensated source-detection combination (S2156, P5) is introduced into the directional missing feature vector. In target cell A, a deduction operation is performed on the hit grid cells. The original coverage difference was 6 times, and after deduction, it is updated to 0 times. In target cell B, a deduction operation is performed on the corresponding grid cells. The original coverage difference was 5 times, and after deduction, it is updated to 1 time. When the deduction result is less than 0, the coverage difference of the corresponding grid cell is recorded as 0. The same operation is performed on all affected grid cells to obtain the updated directional missing feature vector. Based on the updated directional missing feature vector, the total coverage difference of each target cell is recalculated, and the weight coefficients corresponding to each target cell are updated. In the set of compensated source-receiver combinations, the set of grid cells covered by the source-receiver vectors corresponding to each unselected compensated source-receiver combination and the compensated source-receiver combination (S2156, P5) is compared. The compensated source-receiver combination that covers at least one of the same grid cells is determined as an unselected compensated source-receiver combination. The compensated source-receiver combination (S1988, P5) and the compensated source-receiver combination (S2156, P5) cover the same azimuth sector 75°-90° and the same shot-receiver distance interval 150-200 meters in target surface cell A. Therefore, the compensated source-receiver combination (S1988, P5) is determined as an unselected compensated source-receiver combination. The compensation contribution value of each compensation source-detection combination in the unselected compensation source-detection combination is corrected. In the compensation source-detection combination (S1988, P5), the original compensation contribution value is 3.10. Based on the updated directional missing feature vector, the difference in the number of coverage times corresponding to all grid cells covered by the compensation source-detection combination (S1988, P5) is re-weighted and summed to obtain a corrected compensation contribution value of 0.52.The positive feedback contribution value of each compensated source-detection combination in the unselected compensated source-detection combination is corrected. In the compensated source-detection combination (S1988, P5), the third and fourth distribution centers are recalculated based on the updated directional missing feature vector. Normalization is then performed based on the differences between the updated first and third distribution centers, and between the second and fourth distribution centers, resulting in a corrected positive feedback contribution value of 0.033. An evaluation value is calculated based on the corrected compensated contribution value and the corrected positive feedback contribution value. The positive feedback contribution value is corrected using a preset adjustment coefficient of 100. Multiplying the corrected compensated contribution value (0.52) by 0.6 yields 0.312, and multiplying 100 by 0.033 by 0.4 yields 1.32. Summing these two results gives a corrected evaluation value of 1.632.

[0067] The same calculation is performed on all compensation source-detection combinations that were not selected, yielding a corrected evaluation value. Based on the updated directional missing feature vector, the corrected evaluation values ​​of the unselected compensation source-detection combinations and the uncorrected evaluation values ​​of the unaffected compensation source-detection combinations are sorted together. The compensation source-detection combination with the highest evaluation value from all unselected combinations is selected as the next round of selection. The operations of introducing the source-detection vector, updating the directional missing feature vector, determining the unselected compensation source-detection combinations, correcting the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value, and calculating the evaluation value are repeated. During the iteration process, when the difference in the number of coverage times corresponding to each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector is less than a preset difference threshold of 1, the selection of compensation source-detection combinations is stopped. The preset difference threshold is set according to the design coverage times, and in this embodiment, it is set to 1.

[0068] The coordinates of all excitation points in the selected compensated source-receiver combinations are added to the excitation point set of the original seismic acquisition and observation system, and the receiver arrangement parameters of all selected compensated source-receiver combinations are added to the receiver arrangement set of the original seismic acquisition and observation system. Duplicate points are removed from the added excitation point set, and excitation points that do not meet the preset minimum spacing constraint are screened out. Overlapping arrangements are removed from the added receiver arrangement set. Based on the updated excitation point set and receiver arrangement set, the observation system deployment data is generated to obtain the compensated and optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

[0069] Example 2: Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides an optimization system for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle zones, the system comprising: The obstacle modeling module is used to identify linear obstacle zones within the work area that are not orthogonal to the survey line direction; obtain the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone of the linear obstacle zone; determine the obstacle proximity region of the linear obstacle zone based on the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone; and determine the CDP surface elements within the obstacle proximity region as the target surface element set.

[0070] The missing characterization module is used to statistically analyze the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance intervals in the target element set that are missing due to the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone, and to construct the directional missing feature vector for each target element.

[0071] The compensation generation module is used to generate a set of compensation source-detection combinations that are geometrically symmetrical with respect to the principal axis direction of the linear obstacle zone; and to calculate the compensation contribution value and the positive correction contribution value of each compensation source-detection combination in the set of compensation source-detection combinations to the directional missing feature vector.

[0072] The optimization decision module is used to iteratively select compensation source-detection combinations from the compensation source-detection combination set based on the compensation contribution value and the positive return contribution value, and update the directional missing feature vector until the preset uniformity condition is met; the selected compensation source-detection combinations are superimposed with the original seismic acquisition and observation system to obtain the compensation-optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

[0073] It should be noted that the specific methods by which each module performs operations in the system described in the above embodiments have been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimization method for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle zones, characterized in that, The method includes: Identify linear obstacle zones within the work area that are not orthogonal to the survey line direction; obtain the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone of the linear obstacle zone; determine the obstacle proximity region of the linear obstacle zone based on the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone; and determine the CDP surface elements within the obstacle proximity region as the target surface element set. The azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval missing due to the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone in the target surface element set are statistically analyzed, and the directional missing feature vector of each target surface element is constructed. Generate a set of compensated source-detection combinations that are geometrically symmetrical with respect to the principal axis of the linear barrier zone; calculate the compensation contribution and positive correction contribution of each compensated source-detection combination in the set to the directional missing feature vector; Based on the compensation contribution value and the positive return contribution value, the compensation source-detection combination is iteratively selected from the compensation source-detection combination set and the directional missing feature vector is updated until the preset uniformity condition is met; the selected compensation source-detection combination is superimposed with the original seismic acquisition and observation system to obtain the compensation-optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

2. The method for optimizing a seismic acquisition and observation system for complex obstacle zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for constructing the directional missing feature vector for each target element in the statistical target element set, which includes the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval missing due to the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone, includes: Obtain the spatial boundary of the linear barrier zone; construct a set of source and receiver vectors corresponding to each target surface element based on the spatial coordinates of the excitation point and receiver point in the original seismic acquisition and observation system; determine the source and receiver vectors whose excitation point and receiver point are both located outside the safety buffer and do not cross the spatial boundary as valid source and receiver vectors; The 360-degree azimuth is divided into multiple azimuth sectors according to the preset angle interval; the shot-receiver distance is divided into multiple shot-receiver distance intervals according to the source-receiver vector distribution range and the preset distance interval in the original seismic acquisition observation system; a two-dimensional grid is established based on the azimuth sectors and shot-receiver distance intervals. Within each target surface element, the effective source detection vectors are statistically analyzed according to the two-dimensional grid to obtain the actual coverage count of the corresponding grid element; the designed coverage count of the corresponding grid element is calculated based on the original seismic acquisition and observation system; and the difference between the designed coverage count and the actual coverage count of the corresponding grid element is calculated. Using the difference in coverage times of corresponding grid cells as matrix element values, an initial directional missing matrix is ​​constructed for each target surface element; adjacency relationships between adjacent target surface elements are established according to the projection order of the center point of each target surface element along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone; the initial directional missing matrix of adjacent target surface elements is spatially smoothed according to the adjacency relationship, and the smoothed initial directional missing matrix is ​​expanded according to a preset row priority order to obtain the directional missing feature vector of each target surface element.

3. The method for optimizing a seismic acquisition and observation system for complex obstacle zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for generating a compensation source-detector combination set that is geometrically symmetrical with respect to the principal axis direction of the linear barrier zone includes: Obtain the set of available excitation points and the set of available permutations; obtain the area boundaries where excitation points and receiver points are prohibited from being deployed; take the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance interval corresponding to the grid cell with the largest difference in coverage times in each target surface cell as the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval of the corresponding target surface cell; Using the straight line containing the centerline of the linear obstacle zone as the axis of symmetry; selecting from the set of available excitation points a point located outside the boundary of the region, at a distance less than the center point of the target element than a preset maximum shot-receiver distance, and mirror-symmetric about the axis of symmetry or approximately mirror-symmetric about a preset symmetry tolerance; selecting from the set of available arrangements a receiver arrangement that meets preset deployment constraints within the coverage area of ​​the target element and mirror-symmetric about the axis of symmetry or approximately mirror-symmetric about a preset symmetry tolerance; The excitation points and receivers corresponding to each target surface element are combined to obtain an initial compensation source-detection combination subset corresponding to each target surface element; the initial compensation source-detection combination subsets are summarized to obtain an initial compensation source-detection combination set; and a compensation source-detection combination set is obtained by filtering from the initial compensation source-detection combination set according to the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval corresponding to each target surface element.

4. The method for optimizing a seismic acquisition and observation system for complex obstacle zones according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the compensation source-detection combination set from the initial compensation source-detection combination set based on the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval corresponding to each target surface element includes: The target elements in the target element set are sorted along the main axis of the linear obstacle zone to obtain a target element sequence; adjacent target element pairs are determined based on the consecutive target elements in the target element sequence. Based on the angle difference between the priority compensation sectors of each pair of adjacent target elements, the priority compensation sector corresponding to the next target element in the pair of adjacent target elements is corrected to obtain the priority compensation sector after continuous constraint; based on the distance difference between the priority compensation intervals of each pair of adjacent target elements, the priority compensation interval corresponding to the next target element in the pair of adjacent target elements is corrected to obtain the priority compensation interval after continuous constraint, and the correction is performed sequentially according to the target element sequence, so that the correction result of the previous target element is used as the input for the correction of the next target element; Based on the priority compensation sector and priority compensation interval after continuous constraints corresponding to each target surface element, the compensation source-detection combination set is obtained by filtering from the initial compensation source-detection combination set.

5. The method for optimizing a seismic acquisition and observation system for complex obstacle zones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for calculating the compensation contribution and positive correction contribution of each compensation source-detection combination in the compensation source-detection combination set to the directional missing feature vector includes: The total coverage difference of each target surface element is determined based on the coverage difference of each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector; the corresponding weight coefficient is calculated based on the total coverage difference of each target surface element; the grid cells covered by the source detection vector corresponding to each compensation source detection combination in the compensation source detection combination set and the target surface elements covered are determined; the compensation contribution value of the compensation source detection combination is calculated by weighted summation based on the coverage difference of the grid cells covered by the compensation source detection combination and the weight coefficients corresponding to the target surface elements covered by the compensation source detection combination. Calculate the first distribution center of the directional missing feature vector in the azimuth dimension and the second distribution center in the shot-receiver distance dimension; introduce the source-receiver vector corresponding to the compensation source-receiver combination into the directional missing feature vector to construct a simulated missing feature vector; calculate the third distribution center of the simulated missing feature vector in the azimuth dimension and the fourth distribution center in the shot-receiver distance dimension; normalize the values ​​based on the differences between the first and third distribution centers and the differences between the second and fourth distribution centers, and perform weighted summation based on preset weight coefficients to calculate the positive return contribution value of the compensation source-receiver combination.

6. The method for optimizing a seismic acquisition and observation system for complex obstacle zones according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method of introducing the source detection vector corresponding to the compensated source detection combination into the directional missing feature vector to construct the simulated missing feature vector includes: The target surface element covered by the compensation source-detection combination is determined as the current target surface element; along the main axis direction of the linear obstacle zone, the target surface element adjacent to the current target surface element is determined according to the adjacency relationship of adjacent target surface elements, and is determined as the associated target surface element; the hit grid cell of the source-detection vector corresponding to the compensation source-detection combination in the current target surface element, and the corresponding grid cell in the associated target surface element are determined; Based on the adjacency distance between the current target cell and the associated target cell in the principal axis direction, the correction coefficients of the hit grid cell and the corresponding grid cell are calculated; based on the correction coefficients, a replica vector is constructed based on the directional missing feature vector, and the hit grid cell and the corresponding grid cell are subtracted and corrected in the replica vector to obtain the simulated missing feature vector.

7. The method for optimizing a seismic acquisition and observation system for complex obstacle zones according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method of iteratively selecting compensation source-detection combinations from the compensation source-detection combination set and updating the directional missing feature vector based on the compensation contribution value and the positive return contribution value until the preset uniformity condition is met includes: Based on the compensation contribution value and the positive feedback contribution value, each compensation source-detection combination in the compensation source-detection combination set is evaluated to obtain the corresponding evaluation value; the compensation source-detection combination with the largest evaluation value is selected from the compensation source-detection combination set and determined as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination. Based on the currently selected compensation source-detection combination, the directional missing feature vector is updated to obtain the updated directional missing feature vector; in the set of compensation source-detection combinations, an unselected compensation source-detection combination that covers at least one of the same grid cells as the currently selected compensation source-detection combination is determined. The compensation contribution value and positive return contribution value of the unselected compensation source-detection combination are corrected to obtain the corrected compensation contribution value and the corrected positive return contribution value; the unselected compensation source-detection combination is evaluated based on the corrected compensation contribution value and the corrected positive return contribution value to obtain the corrected evaluation value; Based on the updated directional missing feature vector and the corrected and uncorrected evaluation values, compensation source-detection combinations are selected from all unselected compensation source-detection combinations until the difference in coverage times corresponding to each grid cell in the directional missing feature vector is less than a preset difference threshold.

8. An optimization system for seismic acquisition and observation systems in complex obstacle zones, characterized in that: The system includes: The obstacle modeling module is used to identify linear obstacle zones within the work area that are not orthogonal to the survey line direction; obtain the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone of the linear obstacle zone; determine the obstacle proximity region of the linear obstacle zone based on the principal axis direction, width, and safety buffer zone; and determine the CDP surface elements within the obstacle proximity region as the target surface element set. The missing characterization module is used to statistically analyze the azimuth sector and shot-receiver distance intervals in the target element set that are missing due to the directional truncation of the source-receiver vector by the linear obstacle zone, and to construct the directional missing feature vector for each target element. The compensation generation module is used to generate a set of compensation source-detection combinations that are geometrically symmetrical with respect to the principal axis direction of the linear obstacle zone; and to calculate the compensation contribution value and positive correction contribution value of each compensation source-detection combination in the set of compensation source-detection combinations to the directional missing feature vector. The optimization decision module is used to iteratively select compensation source-detection combinations from the compensation source-detection combination set based on the compensation contribution value and the positive return contribution value, and update the directional missing feature vector until the preset uniformity condition is met; the selected compensation source-detection combinations are superimposed with the original seismic acquisition and observation system to obtain the compensation-optimized seismic acquisition and observation system scheme.

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