Vertical experimental setup for the abrasion resistance of materials

Abstract

This vertical testing device for the abrasion resistance of materials, belonging to the testing field, addresses the problem that due to the much higher density of steel balls compared to abrasives and slurries, the steel balls, under the combined effects of centrifugal force and gravity during the rotation of the vertical cylinder, are unable to achieve sufficient tumbling and falling, instead tending to gradually sink to the bottom of the cylinder and form a dense accumulation. The device includes a test barrel, a discharge port located at the bottom of the barrel, a rotating mechanism inside the barrel, and a pushing mechanism below the rotating mechanism. Driven by a ring-shaped wave-shaped first guide groove, the lower and upper clamping plates holding the steel balls move the steel balls up and down in a reciprocating motion. This effectively prevents the steel balls from sinking to the bottom during the testing process, ensuring that the abrasives and slurries continuously and sufficiently impact the surface, making the wear test conditions closer to actual working conditions and improving the accuracy of the experimental data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing, and in particular to a vertical experimental apparatus for testing the abrasion resistance of materials. Background Technology

[0002] In industries such as mining, cement, and metallurgy, steel balls and cast balls are core, easily damaged components of equipment like ball mills. Their anti-corrosion performance directly determines the equipment's operating efficiency, production costs, and service life. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately test their anti-corrosion performance using specialized testing equipment to provide reliable data support for material selection, formula optimization, and product quality control. Vertical testing devices for steel ball anti-corrosion performance have become widely used in the industry due to their compact structure, small footprint, and ease of operation. Their core principle is to use the rotation of the vertical cylinder or an internal stirring mechanism to drive the movement of steel balls, abrasive, and slurry, simulating the impact, friction, and grinding process between steel balls and ore in a real ball mill. The anti-corrosion performance is evaluated by measuring indicators such as the amount of steel ball wear.

[0003] However, existing vertical testing devices for the anti-abrasion properties of steel balls commonly suffer from the problem of steel ball and abrasive settling during practical use. This problem directly leads to distorted experimental data and inaccurate test results, seriously affecting the reliability and practicality of the device and becoming a key technical bottleneck restricting the accurate testing of the anti-abrasion properties of steel balls. Specifically, the existing vertical testing devices mostly have a straight cylindrical vertical structure, lacking reasonable flow guidance, anti-settling, and disturbance structures inside. During experimental operation, due to gravity, slurry flow characteristics, and the density of the steel balls themselves, the following settling-related problems are prone to occur:

[0004] Steel balls are prone to sinking and accumulating. Because the density of steel balls is much greater than that of abrasives and slurry, during the rotation of the vertical cylinder, the steel balls are subjected to centrifugal force and gravity, making it difficult for them to fully tumble and fall. Instead, they tend to gradually sink to the bottom of the cylinder, forming a dense accumulation. This sinking and accumulation prevents the steel balls from achieving uniform contact with the abrasives and slurry. Some steel balls are completely buried in the bottom accumulation layer, their movement is hindered, and they only experience slight friction, failing to simulate the impact and grinding conditions of steel balls in a real ball mill. Meanwhile, a small number of steel balls located above the accumulation layer experience excessive wear, resulting in significant differences in wear levels within the same batch of steel balls. This leads to high dispersion in experimental data, failing to reflect the true anti-abrasion performance of the steel balls.

[0005] Currently, existing vertical experimental devices do not offer effective solutions to the aforementioned sinking problem. Neither the cylinder structure design, the arrangement of the stirring mechanism, nor the slurry circulation method considers the settling characteristics of steel balls and abrasives, resulting in sinking becoming a widespread and difficult-to-solve technical defect in the industry. Therefore, existing vertical experimental devices for steel ball abrasion resistance performance are prone to sinking, leading to problems such as distorted experimental simulation, uneven steel ball wear, large data dispersion, and inaccurate test results. They cannot meet the actual needs for accurate testing of steel ball abrasion resistance performance and urgently require improvement to address the inaccurate experimental results caused by sinking.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, a vertical experimental setup for testing the abrasion resistance of materials is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical experimental device for the anti-abrasion performance of materials, which solves the problem that, because the density of steel balls is much greater than that of abrasives and slurries, the steel balls are subject to the combined effects of centrifugal force and gravity during the rotation of the vertical cylinder, making it difficult for them to fully tumble and fall. Instead, they tend to gradually sink to the bottom of the cylinder and form a dense accumulation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vertical experimental device for the abrasion resistance of materials, comprising an experimental barrel, a discharge port located below the experimental barrel, a rotating mechanism located inside the experimental barrel, a pushing mechanism located below the rotating mechanism, a lower clamping plate located on one side of the pushing mechanism, an upper clamping plate located above the lower clamping plate, and placement holes located inside both the lower and upper clamping plates. The placement holes are circular in shape, and their diameter is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball being tested.

[0009] The actuating mechanism includes a rotating component and an elastic component, with the rotating component positioned on one side of the elastic component.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a first support plate fixedly connected to the top of the experimental barrel, a motor fixedly connected to the upper end of the first support plate, a rotating plate fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, a first hole provided inside the rotating plate, a first guide groove provided on the inner side of the upper part of the experimental barrel, a pull rod provided on the inner side of the first hole, a first guide rod fixedly connected to the pull rod on the inner side of the first guide groove, a first sleeve located outside the pull rod vertically slidably connected to one side of the rotating plate, a second guide groove provided on the inner side of the first hole, the appearance structure of the vertical groove of the second guide groove is wavy, and the second guide groove and the second guide rod are fitted with a clearance fit, and a second guide rod fixedly connected to the pull rod is provided on the inner side of the second guide groove.

[0011] Preferably, the outer structure of the first guide groove is annular wave-shaped, and the first guide groove and the first guide rod are fitted with a clearance fit.

[0012] Preferably, the inner side of the first sleeve fits against the outer side of the pull rod, and the pull rod has a cuboid shape.

[0013] Preferably, point a is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the second guide groove, and point b is provided on the inner side of the upper end of the second guide groove. Point c is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the second guide groove, and point d is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the second guide groove. Point a of the second guide groove is closer to the first sleeve than point b of the second guide groove, and point c of the second guide groove is farther away from the first sleeve than point d of the second guide groove.

[0014] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a rotating rod rotatably connected to the inner side of the lower end of the pull rod. The inner side of the rotating rod is provided with a groove, the inner wall of the groove is provided with a third guide groove, the inner side of the groove is provided with a limit rod, and the inner side of the third guide groove is provided with a third guide rod fixedly connected to the rotating rod. The rotating rod is fixedly connected to the lower clamping plate.

[0015] Preferably, the middle end of the third guide groove has a spiral shape, and the two ends of the third guide groove have a straight shape.

[0016] Preferably, the outer side of the limiting rod fits against the inner side of the groove, and the external structural shape of the limiting rod is cylindrical.

[0017] Preferably, the elastic component includes an elastic telescopic rod that is laterally slidably connected between the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate, and a vertical telescopic rod is rotatably connected to one side of the upper clamping plate.

[0018] Preferably, the vertical telescopic rod and the rotating plate are connected by a rotating connection, and the central axis of the vertical telescopic rod is parallel to the central axis of the first hole.

[0019] 1. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: driven by the annular wave-shaped first guide groove, the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate holding the steel ball drive the steel ball to move up and down reciprocatingly. This effectively prevents the steel ball from sinking to the bottom during the testing process, ensuring that the abrasive and slurry can continuously and fully impact its surface, making the wear test conditions closer to actual working conditions, and improving the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0020] 2. This invention ensures that the steel ball remains confined between the lower and upper clamping plates throughout the entire testing process. This avoids the problem of the steel ball being difficult to find when mixed with a large amount of abrasive. Researchers can easily remove it for weighing and analysis, effectively preventing the invalidation of experimental data due to sample loss.

[0021] 3. This invention, through the wave-shaped design of the second guide groove, drives the lower clamping plate to reciprocate, utilizing the friction between the inner wall of the placement hole and the steel ball to generate stable rotation within the hole. This ensures that the spherical surface of the steel ball experiences uniform force during wear, avoiding localized uneven wear or spot wear, and making the wear detection results more representative of the actual wear pattern of the ball mill.

[0022] 4. This invention utilizes the fact that as the steel ball rotates within the placement hole, the edge of the hole scrapes off some of the abrasive particles embedded on the surface of the steel ball. This reduces the amount of manual cleaning of the abrasive particles adhering to the steel ball after the experiment, eliminates the interference of the adhering abrasive particles on the accuracy of subsequent weighing and testing results, and improves testing efficiency.

[0023] 5. This invention utilizes a special path design in the second guide groove (points a, b, c, and d) to drive the pull rod in a wide range of reciprocating motion. The friction of the limiting rod causes the clamping assembly to change its posture (alternating between horizontal and vertical states) during ascent and descent. This pushes the sinking mud and sand upwards and allows it to fall freely, effectively agitating the abrasive and ensuring a more uniform distribution within the experimental chamber, further improving the accuracy of the experimental data. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the pull rod structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the vertical telescopic rod of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotating rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the elastic telescopic rod structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure at point C.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Experimental barrel; 2. Discharge port; 3. Rotating mechanism; 4. Pushing mechanism; 5. Lower clamping plate; 6. Upper clamping plate; 7. Placement hole; 31. First support plate; 32. Motor; 33. Rotating plate; 34. First hole; 35. First guide groove; 36. Pull rod; 37. First guide rod; 38. First sleeve; 39. Second guide groove; 310. Second guide rod; 41. Rotating assembly; 42. Elastic assembly; 411. Rotating rod; 412. Groove; 413. Third guide groove; 414. Limiting rod; 415. Third guide rod; 416. Spring; 421. Elastic telescopic rod; 422. Vertical telescopic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a vertical experimental device for the abrasion resistance of materials, including an experimental barrel 1, a discharge port 2 located below the experimental barrel 1, a rotating mechanism 3 located inside the experimental barrel 1, a pushing mechanism 4 located below the rotating mechanism 3, a lower clamping plate 5 located on one side of the pushing mechanism 4, an upper clamping plate 6 located above the lower clamping plate 5, and placement holes 7 located inside both the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6. The placement holes 7 are circular in appearance and their diameter is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball being tested.

[0035] The pushing mechanism 4 includes a rotating component 41 and an elastic component 42, with the rotating component 41 disposed on one side of the elastic component 42.

[0036] The rotating mechanism 3 includes a first support plate 31 fixedly connected to the top of the experimental barrel 1. A motor 32 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first support plate 31. A rotating plate 33 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 32. A first hole 34 is provided inside the rotating plate 33. A first guide groove 35 is provided on the upper inner side of the experimental barrel 1. A pull rod 36 is provided on the inner side of the first hole 34. A first guide rod 37 fixedly connected to the pull rod 36 is provided on the inner side of the first guide groove 35. A first sleeve 38 located outside the pull rod 36 is vertically slidably connected to one side of the rotating plate 33. A second guide groove 39 is provided on the inner side of the first hole 34. The appearance structure of the vertical groove of the second guide groove 39 is wavy. The second guide groove 39 and the second guide rod 310 are fitted with a clearance fit. A second guide rod 310 fixedly connected to the pull rod 36 is provided on the inner side of the second guide groove 39.

[0037] The outer structure of the first guide groove 35 is annular wave-shaped, and the first guide groove 35 and the first guide rod 37 are fitted with a clearance fit.

[0038] The inner side of the first sleeve 38 fits against the outer side of the pull rod 36, and the pull rod 36 has a cuboid shape.

[0039] Point a is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the second guide groove 39, and point b is provided on the inner side of the upper end of the second guide groove 39. Point c is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the second guide groove 39, and point d is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the second guide groove 39. Point a of the second guide groove 39 is closer to the first sleeve 38 than point b of the second guide groove 39, and point c of the second guide groove 39 is farther away from the first sleeve 38 than point d of the second guide groove 39.

[0040] The rotating assembly 41 includes a rotating rod 411 rotatably connected to the inner side of the lower end of the pull rod 36. The inner side of the rotating rod 411 is provided with a groove 412. The inner wall of the groove 412 is provided with a third guide groove 413. The inner side of the groove 412 is provided with a limit rod 414. The inner side of the third guide groove 413 is provided with a third guide rod 415 fixedly connected to the rotating rod 411. The rotating rod 411 is fixedly connected to the lower clamping plate 5. A spring 416 is provided between the limit rod 414 and the rotating rod 411.

[0041] The middle end of the third guide groove 413 has a spiral shape, while the two ends of the third guide groove 413 have a straight shape.

[0042] The outer side of the limiting rod 414 fits against the inner side of the groove 412, and the external structural shape of the limiting rod 414 is cylindrical.

[0043] The elastic component 42 includes an elastic telescopic rod 421 that is laterally slidably connected between the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6, and a vertical telescopic rod 422 that is rotatably connected to one side of the upper clamping plate 6.

[0044] The vertical telescopic rod 422 is connected to the rotating plate 33 by a rotatable connection, and the central axis of the vertical telescopic rod 422 is parallel to the central axis of the first hole 34.

[0045] When testing the steel ball, the upper clamping plate 6 is pulled upwards to place the steel ball to be tested between the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6. The upper clamping plate 6 is then released, causing the elastic telescopic rod 421 to pull the upper clamping plate 6 downwards, thus clamping the steel ball between the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6. The motor 32 is then started, driving the rotating plate 33, the pull rod 36, and the first sleeve 38 to rotate, causing the first guide rod 37 to rotate. Because the outer structure of the first guide groove 35 is annular and wave-shaped, and the first guide groove 35 and... The first guide rod 37 is fitted with a clearance fit, which allows the first guide rod 37 to be pushed by the trajectory of the first guide groove 35 to move up and down along the trajectory of the first hole 34. This, in turn, drives the lower clamping plate 5, the upper clamping plate 6, and the steel ball being tested to move up and down, so that the abrasive and slurry impact the steel ball being tested for the experiment. During the process, the steel ball being tested is limited by the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6 to move up and down, reducing the chance of sinking to the bottom, so that the steel ball being tested is flushed more thoroughly, and the experiment is more accurate.

[0046] After the test is completed, the tested steel ball is still confined inside the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6, making it easier for the experimenters to find the steel ball and reducing the possibility of the test data being invalid due to the steel ball not being found.

[0047] When the pull rod 36 moves up and down, the first guide rod 37 is located inside the vertical groove wave of the first guide groove 35. Because the appearance structure of the vertical groove of the second guide groove 39 is wavy, when the first guide rod 37 reciprocates, it drives the pull rod 36 and the rotating rod 411 to reciprocate with the lower clamping plate 5. Because the vertical telescopic rod 422 is limited by the upper clamping plate 6, it will not move. At this time, the steel ball to be tested is located inside the placement hole 7. When the lower clamping plate 5 reciprocates, the friction force inside the placement hole 7 drives the steel ball to rotate at a certain angle. The steel ball rotates stably, which can make the ball surface wear evenly throughout the process, avoiding local uneven wear and spot wear, which is closer to the working state of the real ball mill, thereby improving the accuracy of the test data.

[0048] Furthermore, when the steel ball placement hole 7 is located inside the placement hole 7 and rotates, the edge of the placement hole 7 can partially scrape away the abrasive embedded inside the steel ball being tested. This reduces the workload of the staff in removing the abrasive embedded inside the steel ball being tested during subsequent weighing test data detection, as the weight of the abrasive will affect the accuracy of subsequent wear detection, thus improving detection efficiency.

[0049] Because point a is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the second guide groove 39, point b is provided on the inner side of the upper end of the second guide groove 39, point c is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the second guide groove 39, and point d is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the second guide groove 39, point a of the second guide groove 39 is closer to the first sleeve 38 than point b of the second guide groove 39, and point c of the second guide groove 39 is farther away from the first sleeve 38 than point d of the second guide groove 39, when the second guide rod 310 moves to the position of point a of the second guide groove 39 and then moves back, the second guide rod 310 can reach one side of the second guide groove 39. Similarly, the second guide rod 310 moves... When the second guide rod 310 moves back to the position of the second guide groove 39c, it can move to the other side of the second guide groove 39, causing the pull rod 36 to perform a large range of reciprocating motion, which drives the rotating rod 411 to reciprocate. Because the limiting rod 414 is pushed against the inside of the experimental barrel 1, it does not rotate under the action of friction, so the rotating rod 411, the lower clamping plate 5, and the upper clamping plate 6 rotate, allowing the lower clamping plate 5 and the upper clamping plate 6 to move upward in a horizontal state, and can also move downward in a vertical state, pushing the sinking mud and sand upward and letting it fall freely, making the abrasive more uniform and improving the accuracy of the test data.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0051] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials, comprising an experimental barrel (1) and a discharge port (2) located below the experimental barrel (1), characterized in that: The inner side of the experimental barrel (1) is provided with a rotating mechanism (3). The rotating mechanism (3) is used to provide rotational power and convert the rotational motion into the main motion that drives the steel ball to move up and down. At the same time, the internal guide structure controls the steel ball to generate specific motion states at different stages. A pushing mechanism (4) is provided below the rotating mechanism (3). The pushing mechanism (4) is used to receive the motion transmitted by the rotating mechanism (3) and to adjust the movement posture of the steel ball in the abrasive by controlling the steel ball clamping assembly. The pushing mechanism (4) includes a rotating component (41) and an elastic component (42), wherein the rotating component (41) is disposed on one side of the elastic component (42); The rotating component (41) is used to convert part of the linear motion into the rotational motion of the steel ball by utilizing the frictional resistance between the steel ball and the experimental barrel (1) and the internal guiding structure during the reciprocating motion of the steel ball, so that the steel ball will rotate in the wear experiment to achieve uniform spherical wear, and achieve the self-cleaning of the abrasive by rotating the steel ball in the placement hole (7). The elastic component (42) is used to provide clamping force so that the steel ball is stably clamped between the lower clamp (5) and the upper clamp (6), and allows the upper clamp (6) to be pulled up during sample loading to facilitate the insertion and removal of the steel ball, while ensuring that the steel ball is always reliably positioned during the experiment.

2. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (3) includes a first support plate (31) fixedly connected to the top of the experimental barrel (1). A motor (32) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first support plate (31). A rotating plate (33) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (32). A first hole (34) is provided inside the rotating plate (33). A first guide groove (35) is provided on the upper inner side of the experimental barrel (1). A pull rod (36) is provided on the inner side of the first hole (34). A connecting rod (36) is provided on the inner side of the first guide groove (35). 36) A first guide rod (37) is fixedly connected. A first sleeve (38) located outside the pull rod (36) is vertically slidably connected to one side of the rotating plate (33). A second guide groove (39) is provided on the inner side of the first hole (34). The appearance structure of the groove in the vertical direction of the second guide groove (39) is wavy. The second guide groove (39) and the second guide rod (310) are fitted with a clearance fit. A second guide rod (310) fixedly connected to the pull rod (36) is provided on the inner side of the second guide groove (39).

3. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer structure of the first guide groove (35) is an annular wave shape, and the first guide groove (35) and the first guide rod (37) are fitted with a clearance fit.

4. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the first sleeve (38) fits against the outer side of the pull rod (36), and the pull rod (36) has a cuboid shape.

5. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: Point a is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the second guide groove (39), and point b is provided on the inner side of the upper end of the second guide groove (39). Point c is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the second guide groove (39), and point d is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the second guide groove (39). Point a of the second guide groove (39) is closer to the first sleeve (38) than point b of the second guide groove (39), and point c of the second guide groove (39) is farther away from the first sleeve (38) than point d of the second guide groove (39).

6. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating assembly (41) includes a rotating rod (411) rotatably connected to the inner side of the lower end of the pull rod (36). The inner side of the rotating rod (411) is provided with a groove (412). The inner wall of the groove (412) is provided with a third guide groove (413). The inner side of the groove (412) is provided with a limit rod (414). The inner side of the third guide groove (413) is provided with a third guide rod (415) fixedly connected to the rotating rod (411). The rotating rod (411) is fixedly connected to the lower clamping plate (5). A spring (416) is provided between the limit rod (414) and the rotating rod (411).

7. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The middle end of the third guide groove (413) has a spiral shape, and the two ends of the third guide groove (413) have a straight shape.

8. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer side of the limiting rod (414) fits against the inner side of the groove (412), and the external structural shape of the limiting rod (414) is cylindrical.

9. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic component (42) includes an elastic telescopic rod (421) that is laterally slidably connected between the lower clamping plate (5) and the upper clamping plate (6), and a vertical telescopic rod (422) is rotatably connected to one side of the upper clamping plate (6).

10. The vertical experimental apparatus for the abrasion resistance of materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: The vertical telescopic rod (422) is connected to the rotating plate (33) by rotation, and the central axis of the vertical telescopic rod (422) is parallel to the central axis of the first hole (34).

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