A solid oxide battery stack and a solid oxide battery system

Abstract

This application provides a solid oxide battery stack and a solid oxide battery system, relating to the field of battery technology. In the solid oxide battery stack, the solid oxide battery includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer. A first flow channel, the first electrode layer, the electrolyte layer, the second electrode layer, and the second flow channel are sequentially arranged, with the first electrode layer exposed in the first flow channel and the second electrode layer exposed in the second flow channel. The filter includes a receiving cavity, a first opening, a second opening, and a hydrogen filter element. The receiving cavity communicates with the first and second openings, and the first opening communicates with the second flow channel. The hydrogen filter element is disposed in the receiving cavity and located between the first and second openings. Hydrogen gas can flow through the first flow channel, and oxygen gas can flow through the second flow channel. The hydrogen filter element can filter out hydrogen gas that flows into the second flow channel due to damage to the solid oxide battery to prevent explosion, and also prevents hydrogen gas in the first flow channel from causing instantaneous pressure shocks to the solid oxide battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a solid oxide battery stack and a solid oxide battery system. Background Technology

[0002] In a solid oxide battery stack, the anode receives hydrogen through one channel, and the cathode receives oxygen through another channel, thus converting chemical energy into electrical energy. However, when a solid oxide battery is damaged, hydrogen flowing in one channel can pass through the battery and flow into the other channel. The mixture of hydrogen and oxygen can cause an explosion, resulting in low operational safety for solid oxide battery stacks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a solid oxide battery stack and a solid oxide battery system, aiming to solve the technical problem of low operational safety of solid oxide battery stacks.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a solid oxide battery stack. The solid oxide battery stack includes a solid oxide battery, a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a filter. The solid oxide battery includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer. The first flow channel, the first electrode layer, the electrolyte layer, the second electrode layer, and the second flow channel are sequentially arranged, with the first electrode layer exposed in the first flow channel and the second electrode layer exposed in the second flow channel. The filter includes a receiving cavity, a first opening, a second opening, and a hydrogen filter element. The receiving cavity communicates with the first and second openings, the first opening communicates with the second flow channel, and the hydrogen filter element is disposed in the receiving cavity and located between the first and second openings.

[0005] In the solid oxide battery stack provided in this application embodiment, the solid oxide battery can be SOFC (Solid Oxide Electrolyze Cell), SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolyze Cell), or SORC (Solid Oxide Reversible Cell). When the solid oxide battery is SOFC, it has a power generation mode. Hydrogen can be introduced into the first flow channel, and oxygen or air can be introduced into the second flow channel, thereby enabling the solid oxide battery to generate electricity. Unconsumed hydrogen can flow out from the first flow channel, and unconsumed oxygen can flow out from the second flow channel. When the solid oxide battery is SOEC, it has an electrolysis mode. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are electrically connected to the power source. Water vapor can be introduced into the first flow channel. The water vapor, through the electrical energy output by the power source, is converted into hydrogen and oxygen in the solid oxide battery. Hydrogen flows out from the first electrode layer through the first flow channel, and oxygen flows out from the second electrode layer through the second flow channel. When the solid oxide battery is SORC, it integrates both electrolysis mode and power generation mode.

[0006] When a solid oxide battery is damaged, hydrogen gas in the first flow channel can flow into the second flow channel and mix with oxygen to form a mixed gas. If the concentration of hydrogen in the mixed gas is too high, hydrogen and oxygen will react and cause an explosion. In the solid oxide battery stack provided in this application embodiment, the mixed gas in the second flow channel can flow into the receiving cavity of the filter through the first opening. Since the hydrogen filter is disposed in the receiving cavity and located between the first and second openings, the hydrogen filter only allows hydrogen in the mixed gas to flow through the hydrogen filter to the second opening, thereby filtering out hydrogen from the mixed gas. In this way, the concentration of hydrogen in the mixed gas can be reduced, avoiding the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the mixed gas to cause an explosion, which is beneficial to improving the working safety of the solid oxide battery. Furthermore, since the hydrogen filter only filters out hydrogen from the mixed gas, it avoids rapid extraction of the mixed gas in the second flow channel, thus preventing a rapid pressure drop in the second flow channel and the resulting instantaneous pressure shock of hydrogen in the first flow channel to the solid oxide battery. This ensures that the pressure fluctuation in the second flow channel is stable during the process of filtering out hydrogen from the mixed gas, which helps to reduce the damage to the solid oxide battery and reduce the maintenance cost of the solid oxide battery.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the second opening is located above the first opening in the direction of gravity.

[0008] Because the temperature of the mixed gas flowing into the containment cavity from the first opening is relatively high, and the temperature of the gas around the second opening is relatively low, there will be a density difference between the mixed gas and the gas around the second opening, which will create buoyancy. Under the action of buoyancy, the mixed gas will accelerate from the first opening to the second opening, which will help increase the flow rate of hydrogen in the mixed gas toward the hydrogen filter element, and thus improve the efficiency of hydrogen filtration in the mixed gas.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen filter includes a support and a filter membrane. The support has through holes, and the filter membrane is disposed on one side of the support and covers the through holes.

[0010] Hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can flow from the first opening through the perforations of the filter membrane and the support to the second opening. In this way, hydrogen gas is filtered out through the filter membrane, and the support provides support for the filter membrane. While ensuring the structural strength of the hydrogen filter element, it is beneficial to reduce the thickness of the filter membrane and thus reduce the material cost of the hydrogen filter element.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the first opening and the second opening are located on both sides of the receiving cavity along its axial direction.

[0012] In this way, hydrogen in the mixed gas can flow directly from the first opening to the second opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity, which helps to shorten the gas delivery path between the first and second openings, improves the efficiency of hydrogen flowing out of the mixed gas from the second opening, and improves the efficiency of hydrogen filtration in the mixed gas.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen filter element is spaced apart from the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity. The hydrogen filter element is provided with a gas delivery hole, which penetrates the side of the hydrogen filter element opposite to the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity and communicates with the second opening.

[0014] Hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can flow from the first opening into the space between the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity and the hydrogen filter element, and then flow away from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity. Specifically, hydrogen gas located between the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity and the hydrogen filter element can flow radially through the hydrogen filter element into the gas outlet, and then flow out through the gas outlet and the second opening, thus achieving hydrogen filtration. Hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can also flow from the first opening into the gas outlet along the axial direction of the receiving cavity through the hydrogen filter element, and then flow out through the second opening. In this way, the hydrogen filter element can filter hydrogen on both the radial side of the receiving cavity and the axial side of the receiving cavity facing the first opening, which helps to increase the contact area between the hydrogen filter element and the hydrogen in the mixed gas, and improves the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the radial dimension of the hydrogen filter element gradually increases in the direction from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity to the second opening.

[0016] Because the hydrogen flow velocity near the first opening is greater than that away from the first opening, the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element near the first opening is greater than that of the part away from the first opening. This design ensures that the contact area between the hydrogen filter element and the hydrogen in the mixed gas gradually increases in the direction from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity to the second opening. This guarantees that the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element is the same at all points along the axial direction of the receiving cavity, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity and efficiency of hydrogen filtration.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the radial dimension of the air supply port gradually increases in the direction from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity to the second opening.

[0018] In this way, in the direction from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity to the second opening, the flow velocity of hydrogen from the gas outlet to the second opening gradually decreases, ensuring that the hydrogen can diffuse evenly before flowing out of the gas outlet, avoiding situations where the local flow velocity of hydrogen from the gas outlet to the second opening is too high or too low, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity and stability of hydrogen flowing out of the gas outlet.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen filter is perpendicular to the axial direction of the receiving cavity, and the hydrogen filter is located between the first opening and the second opening in the axial direction of the receiving cavity.

[0020] In this way, the hydrogen gas flowing in from the first opening can flow along the axial direction of the receiving cavity through the hydrogen filter and then flow out from the second opening. The structure is simple, stable, easy to process, and has low processing cost.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen filter is positioned closer to the second opening than the first opening in the axial direction of the receiving cavity.

[0022] Since the flow rate of hydrogen near the first opening is greater than that of hydrogen far from the first opening, this design helps to reduce the impact of hydrogen on the hydrogen filter element and extends the service life of the hydrogen filter element.

[0023] In one possible implementation, in the axial direction of the receiving cavity, a first opening is located on one side of the receiving cavity, a second opening is disposed on the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity, and a hydrogen filter is disposed on the inner side of the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity and covers the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity.

[0024] Hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can flow into the receiving cavity through the first opening and then move away from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity. The hydrogen gas can also flow radially through the hydrogen filter to the second opening. In this way, the hydrogen filter can contact the hydrogen gas at all points along the axial direction of the receiving cavity, which helps to increase the contact area between the hydrogen filter and the hydrogen gas and improves the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the radial dimension of the receiving cavity gradually decreases in the direction from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity to the second opening.

[0026] This helps to reduce the radial dimension of the second opening, increases the flow rate of hydrogen from the second opening, and improves the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the solid oxide battery stack further includes a heating element disposed around the periphery of the housing cavity.

[0028] In this way, the hydrogen filter element can be heated by the heating element to ensure that the hydrogen filter element is at its normal operating temperature, thus avoiding damage to the hydrogen filter element due to not being at its normal operating temperature. This helps to improve the stability and reliability of the hydrogen filter element in removing hydrogen.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the first flow channel includes a first air outlet, and the heating element includes a first port, which is connected to the first air outlet.

[0030] The gas flowing out of the first flow channel is a high-temperature gas. The gas in the first flow channel can flow into the heating element through the first port of the heating element. The heating element can heat the hydrogen filter element through the gas flowing out of the first flow channel, which avoids the introduction of additional power supply equipment due to the heating element heating the hydrogen filter element, thus helping to reduce energy consumption. Moreover, the heating element is also applicable in the event of a power outage, making it widely applicable.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the first flow channel further includes a first air inlet communicating with the first air outlet, and the heating element further includes a second port communicating with the first port, the second port communicating with the first air inlet.

[0032] In this way, the gas flowing out of the first channel can flow back into the first channel after it flows into the heating element and heats the hydrogen filter element, so as to supply the solid oxide battery. This realizes the recycling of the gas flowing out of the first channel, which helps to reduce the cost of using solid oxide batteries.

[0033] In one possible implementation, there are multiple solid oxide batteries, first flow channels, and second flow channels. The first electrode layer of a solid oxide battery is exposed in one first flow channel, and the second electrode layer of a solid oxide battery is exposed in one second flow channel. The first opening is connected to multiple second flow channels.

[0034] In this way, the gas flowing out of each second channel can flow from the first opening to the hydrogen filter. The hydrogen filter can remove hydrogen from the gas flowing out of each second channel, which helps to improve the utilization rate of the filter and improve the structural compactness of the solid oxide battery stack.

[0035] In one possible implementation, there are multiple solid oxide batteries, multiple first flow channels, and multiple second flow channels. The first electrode layer of a solid oxide battery is exposed in a first flow channel, the second electrode layer of a solid oxide battery is exposed in a second flow channel, and there are multiple filters. The first opening of a filter is connected to a second flow channel.

[0036] In this way, one filter can remove hydrogen from the gas flowing out of one second flow channel, which helps to reduce the structural complexity of the filter’s first opening connecting to the second flow channel. Moreover, it can prevent the mixing of hydrogen flowing out of multiple second flow channels, which helps to reduce the hydrogen filtration requirements of a single filter and reduce the manufacturing cost of the filter.

[0037] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a solid oxide battery system. The solid oxide battery system includes a solid oxide battery stack and a gas supply device as described in any of the first aspects, wherein the output end of the gas supply device is connected to one end of a first flow channel. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application or the background art will be described below.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid oxide battery system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged view of part A of the solid oxide battery stack in the solid oxide battery system shown. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 An enlarged view of part B of the solid oxide battery stack shown; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a structural block diagram of another solid oxide battery system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the solid oxide battery system in its first startup state. Figure 14 yes Figure 12 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the solid oxide battery system in its operating state. Figure 15 yes Figure 12 The diagram shows the structural block diagram of the solid oxide battery system in the shutdown state. Detailed Implementation

[0040] This application provides a solid oxide battery stack and a solid oxide battery system. The solid oxide battery stack can be applied to a solid oxide battery system. The solid oxide battery can be SOEC, SOFC, or SORC. It should be noted that in this application embodiment, the "equality" of feature A and feature B can be completely equal, or a small deviation can be allowed.

[0041] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid oxide battery system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery system 1000 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of part A of the solid oxide battery stack 100 of the solid oxide battery system 1000 shown. It should be noted that the embodiments provided in this application... Figures 1-11 In the diagram, straight lines with arrows indicate the direction of current flow, dashed lines with arrows indicate the direction of gas flow, and arrowheads are formed by two slanted lines.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the solid oxide battery system 1000 may include a solid oxide battery stack 100 and a gas supply assembly 200, as well as an electrical device 300 or a power source 400. The gas supply assembly 200 is used to supply gas to the solid oxide battery stack 100. The solid oxide battery stack 100 can generate electricity using the gas supplied by the gas supply assembly 200, converting chemical energy into electrical energy to power the electrical device 300; alternatively, it can electrolyze the gas supplied by the gas supply assembly 200 using the electrical energy output from the power source 400, converting electrical energy into chemical energy.

[0044] The solid oxide battery stack 100 may include a solid oxide battery 10, a first flow channel 20, a second flow channel 30, and a filter 40. The first flow channel 20, the solid oxide battery 10, and the second flow channel 30 are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the solid oxide battery 10. Specifically, the solid oxide battery stack 100 also includes an insulating shell 50, in which the first flow channel 20 and the second flow channel 30 are both disposed. The insulating shell 50 includes a mating cavity 51, in which the first flow channel 20, the mating cavity 51, and the second flow channel 30 are sequentially connected along the thickness direction of the solid oxide battery 10, and the solid oxide battery 10 is housed within the mating cavity 51.

[0045] The solid oxide battery 10 may include a first electrode layer 11, an electrolyte layer 12, and a second electrode layer 13. In the thickness direction of the solid oxide battery 10, a first flow channel 20, the first electrode layer 11, the electrolyte layer 12, the second electrode layer 13, and the second flow channel 30 are sequentially arranged, with the first electrode layer 11 exposed in the first flow channel 20 and the second electrode layer 13 exposed in the second flow channel 30. Specifically, the side of the first electrode layer 11 facing away from the electrolyte layer 12 is exposed in the first flow channel 20, and the side of the second electrode layer 13 facing away from the electrolyte layer 12 is exposed in the second flow channel 30. The first flow channel 20 includes a first air inlet 21 and a first air outlet 22, which are connected. The second flow channel 30 includes a second air inlet 31 and a second air outlet 32, which are connected. The first air inlet 21, the first air outlet 22, the second air inlet 31, and the second air outlet 32 ​​are all exposed outside the insulating housing 50.

[0046] The solid oxide battery 10 can be SOFC, SOEC, or SORC. For example... Figure 1 As shown, in Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the solid oxide battery 10 can be a SOFC. The solid oxide battery 10 has a power generation mode. The solid oxide battery 10 can generate electricity through the gas supplied by the gas supply assembly 200, converting chemical energy into electrical energy and powering the electrical device 300. Specifically, the gas supply assembly 200 may include a gas supply device 201, a gas delivery device 202, a first preheating device 203, and a second preheating device 204. The output end of the gas supply device 201 is connected to the first air inlet 21 (i.e., one end of the first flow channel 20) through the first preheating device 203. The output end of the gas delivery device 202 is connected to the second air inlet 31 (i.e., one end of the second flow channel 30) through the second preheating device 204. Specifically, the gas supply assembly 200 also includes a first tube 205, a second tube 206, a third tube 207, and a fourth tube 208. The first tube 205 (third tube 207) is connected to the output end of the gas supply device 201 (gas delivery device 202) and the input end of the first preheating device 203 (second preheating device 204). The second tube 206 (fourth tube 208) and the output end of the first preheating device 203 (second preheating device 204) are connected to the first air inlet 21 (second air inlet 31). The output end of the gas supply device 201 can be used to output hydrogen. The output end of the gas delivery device 202 can be used to output oxygen or air; the example given is the output of oxygen from the gas delivery device 202. The first electrode layer 11 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the electrical device 300, and the second electrode layer 13 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the electrical device 300. The first electrode layer 11 is the anode layer, and the second electrode layer 13 is the cathode layer.

[0047] The hydrogen gas output from the gas supply device 201 flows to the first preheating device 203, which heats the hydrogen. The heated hydrogen then flows into the first flow channel 20 through the first inlet 21, and then along the first flow channel 20 to the first electrode layer 11. The oxygen gas output from the gas delivery device 202 flows to the second preheating device 204, which heats the oxygen. The heated oxygen then flows into the second flow channel 30 through the second inlet 31, and then along the second flow channel 30 to the second electrode layer 13. At the second electrode layer 13, the oxygen reacts to form oxygen ions. These oxygen ions can pass through the electrolyte layer 12 to reach the first electrode layer 11, where they react with the hydrogen in the first flow channel 20 to form water. Thus, the solid oxide battery 10 can output current, which can flow back from the second electrode layer 13 to the first electrode layer 11 via the electrical device 300. In the first flow channel 20, water and unreacted hydrogen flow out from the first outlet 22 of the first flow channel 20. In the second flow channel 30, unreacted oxygen flows out from the second outlet 32 ​​of the second flow channel 30.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the solid oxide battery 10 can be an SOEC (Sodium Oxide Electrolyte Cell). The solid oxide battery 10 has an electrolysis mode. The solid oxide battery 10 can electrolyze the gas supplied by the gas supply assembly 200 using electrical energy output from the power supply 400, thereby converting electrical energy into chemical energy. Specifically, the gas supply assembly 200 may include a gas supply device 201 and a first preheating device 203. The output end of the gas supply device 201 is connected to the first air inlet 21 (i.e., one end of the first flow channel 20) through the first preheating device 203. See [reference needed] for details. Figure 1 The illustrated embodiment is described below. The output terminal of the gas supply device 201 is used to output water vapor. The first electrode layer 11 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 400, and the second electrode layer 13 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the electrical device 300. The first electrode layer 11 is a cathode layer, and the second electrode layer 13 is an anode layer. The power supply 400 can be a photovoltaic cell or other DC power source. The power supply 400 is used to supply power to the solid oxide battery 10. The solid oxide battery stack 100 may also include a sealing element 52, which is disposed outside the insulating housing 50 and covers the second air inlet 31.

[0049] The water vapor output from the gas supply device 201 flows to the first preheating device 203, which heats the water vapor. The heated water vapor then flows into the first flow channel 20 through the first air inlet 21, and then along the first flow channel 20 to the first electrode layer 11. Under the influence of electrical energy provided by the power supply 400, the water vapor reacts and decomposes into hydrogen or oxygen ions at the first electrode layer 11. The oxygen ions can pass through the electrolyte layer 12 to reach the second electrode layer 13 and generate oxygen. The water and hydrogen in the first flow channel 20 flow out from the first air outlet 22 of the first flow channel 20. The oxygen in the second flow channel 30 flows out from the second air outlet 32 ​​of the second flow channel 30.

[0050] In some other embodiments, the solid oxide battery 10 may also be a SORC (solid oxide rechargeable battery). The solid oxide battery 10 integrates a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode. See details below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The illustrated embodiment. It can be understood that hydrogen flows through the first flow channel 20 and oxygen flows through the second flow channel 30. The first flow channel 20 is used for the flow of hydrogen, and the second flow channel 30 is used for the flow of oxygen.

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the filter 40 may include a receiving cavity 41, a first opening 42, a second opening 43, and a hydrogen filter element 44. The receiving cavity 41 is connected to the first opening 42 and the second opening 43. The first opening 42 is connected to the second flow channel 30. Specifically, the solid oxide battery stack 100 also includes a connecting pipe 60, through which the first opening 42 is connected to the second outlet 32. The hydrogen filter element 44 is disposed in the receiving cavity 41 and located between the first opening 42 and the second opening 43. In some other embodiments, the connecting pipe 60 may be omitted, and the first opening 42 may be directly connected to the second outlet 32.

[0052] In the solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in this application embodiment, the solid oxide battery 10 can be SOFC, SOEC, or SORC. When the solid oxide battery 10 is SOFC, it has a power generation mode. Hydrogen can be introduced into the first flow channel 20, and oxygen or air can be introduced into the second flow channel 30, thereby enabling the solid oxide battery 10 to generate electricity. Unconsumed hydrogen can flow out from the first flow channel 20, and unconsumed oxygen can flow out from the second flow channel 30. When the solid oxide battery 10 is SOEC, it has an electrolysis mode. The first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13 are electrically connected to an external power source 400. Water vapor can be introduced into the first flow channel 20. The water vapor is converted into hydrogen and oxygen in the solid oxide battery 10 by the electrical energy output from the power source 400. Hydrogen flows out from the first electrode layer 11 through the first flow channel 20, and oxygen flows out from the second electrode layer 13 through the second flow channel 30. When the solid oxide battery 10 is SORC, it integrates both an electrolysis mode and a power generation mode.

[0053] When the solid oxide battery 10 is damaged, hydrogen gas in the first flow channel 20 can flow into the second flow channel 30 and mix with oxygen to form a mixed gas. Since both hydrogen and oxygen are high-temperature gases, if the concentration of hydrogen in the mixed gas is too high, hydrogen and oxygen will react and explode. In the solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in this application embodiment, the mixed gas in the second flow channel 30 can flow into the receiving cavity 41 of the filter 40 from the second flow channel 30 through the first opening 42. Since the hydrogen filter element 44 is disposed in the receiving cavity 41 and located between the first opening 42 and the second opening 43, the hydrogen filter element 44 only allows hydrogen gas in the mixed gas to flow to the second opening 43, thereby filtering out hydrogen gas in the mixed gas. In this way, the concentration of hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can be reduced, avoiding the reaction of hydrogen gas in the mixed gas with oxygen and causing an explosion, which is beneficial to improving the working safety of the solid oxide battery 10. Furthermore, since the hydrogen filter 44 only filters out hydrogen from the mixed gas, it avoids rapid extraction of the mixed gas in the second flow channel 30, thus preventing a rapid pressure drop in the second flow channel 30 and the resulting instantaneous pressure shock of the hydrogen in the first flow channel 20 to the solid oxide battery 10. This ensures that the pressure fluctuation in the second flow channel 30 is stable during the process of filtering out hydrogen from the mixed gas, which helps to reduce the damage to the solid oxide battery 10 and reduce the maintenance cost of the solid oxide battery 10.

[0054] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the second opening 43 is located above the first opening 42 in the direction of gravity. Figure 2 and Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, the hydrogen filter 44 is located between the first opening 42 and the second opening 43 in the direction of gravity. Since the temperature of the mixed gas flowing into the receiving cavity 41 from the first opening 42 is relatively high, and the second opening 43 is connected to the external environment, the temperature of the gas around the second opening 43 is relatively low. A density difference exists between the mixed gas and the gas around the second opening 43, creating buoyancy. Under the action of buoyancy, the mixed gas accelerates its flow from the first opening 42 to the second opening 43, which helps to increase the flow rate of hydrogen in the mixed gas towards the hydrogen filter 44, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen filtration in the mixed gas.

[0055] In this configuration, the direction of gravity is parallel to the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. Thus, as the mixed gas flows from the first opening 42 to the second opening 43 by buoyancy, the upward direction of the mixed gas within the receiving cavity 41 is completely opposite to the direction of gravity. This avoids buoyancy wear caused by a deviation in the upward direction of the mixed gas, and helps to increase the flow rate of hydrogen in the mixed gas towards the hydrogen filter element 44, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen filtration. In some other embodiments, the direction of gravity may also be inclined relative to the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first opening 42 and the second opening 43 are located on opposite sides of the receiving cavity 41 along its axial direction. This allows hydrogen in the mixed gas to flow directly from the first opening 42 to the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, which shortens the gas delivery path between the first opening 42 and the second opening 43, improves the efficiency of hydrogen outflow from the second opening 43, and enhances the efficiency of hydrogen filtration in the mixed gas.

[0057] In this configuration, the first opening 42 and the second opening 43 are positioned opposite each other, and the projections of the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 overlap with the projections of the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. This prevents the hydrogen gas in the mixed gas from being deflected at the second opening 43 as it flows from the first opening 42 to the second opening 43, thus improving the efficiency of hydrogen flow out of the mixed gas and enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen filtration. In other embodiments, the projections of the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 and the projections of the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 may not overlap.

[0058] The flow rate of hydrogen gas in the containment cavity 41 can be calculated using the following formula: ; Where Q represents the flow rate of hydrogen gas, in meters per second (m). 3 / s (cubic meters per second); C represents the flow coefficient, which can be 0.65 × 10 -7 ; A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the receiving cavity 41, in meters. 2 (square meters), the cross-section of the receiving cavity 41 is perpendicular to the axis of the receiving cavity 41; g represents the acceleration due to gravity, with units of 9.8 m / s². 2 (meters per second squared); H represents the axial dimension of the receiving cavity 41, in meters (m). T i T0 represents the temperature of hydrogen gas at the first opening 42, and T0 represents the temperature of hydrogen gas at the second opening 43. The unit for both is K (Kelvin).

[0059] It can be seen that by adjusting the size of the receiving cavity 41 in the axial direction, the flow rate of hydrogen gas flowing out of the second opening 43 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the filtration efficiency of hydrogen gas and facilitating the adjustment of the filtration efficiency of hydrogen gas.

[0060] In some embodiments, the hydrogen filter 44 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, and is located between the first opening 42 and the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. The peripheral wall of the hydrogen filter 44 is in complete contact with the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41. Thus, hydrogen flowing in from the first opening 42 can flow along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 through the hydrogen filter 44 and then out from the second opening 43. This design is simple, stable, easy to manufacture, and has low manufacturing costs.

[0061] In some embodiments, the hydrogen filter 44 is closer to the second opening 43 than the first opening 42 in the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. The side of the hydrogen filter 44 facing away from the first opening 42 is flush with the side of the cavity wall of the receiving cavity 41 facing away from the first opening 42. In other embodiments, they may not be flush. In the receiving cavity 41, the heat of the hydrogen near the second opening 43 dissipates into the external environment, causing a temperature decrease. As the temperature difference between the hydrogen and the external environment gradually decreases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 towards the second opening 43, the buoyancy of the hydrogen gradually decreases, and the flow rate of the hydrogen gradually decreases. Since the flow rate of hydrogen near the first opening 42 is greater than that away from the first opening 42, this design helps reduce the impact of hydrogen on the hydrogen filter 44 and extends its service life.

[0062] In some other embodiments, the hydrogen filter 44 may be positioned closer to the first opening 42 than the second opening 43 in the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. Since the flow rate of hydrogen near the first opening 42 is greater than that of hydrogen far from the first opening 42, this is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the hydrogen filter 44 in removing hydrogen from the mixed gas.

[0063] In some embodiments, the hydrogen filter element 44 includes a support 441 and a filter membrane 442. The support 441 has a through hole 4411, and the filter membrane 442 is disposed on one side of the support 441 and covers the through hole 4411. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, a through-hole 4411 extends through the support 441 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, and communicates with the second opening 43. A filter membrane 442 is disposed on the side of the support 441 facing the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, covering the through-hole 4411. Exemplarily, there are multiple through-holes 4411, spaced apart from each other, with the filter membrane 442 covering each through-hole 4411. The filter membrane 442 completely covers the side of the support 441 facing the first opening 42. The peripheral walls of both the support 441 and the filter membrane 442 are in complete contact with the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41. Exemplarily, the support 441 can be made of materials including, but not limited to, alumina or silicon carbide. The filter membrane 442 can be made of palladium alloys, including but not limited to, Pd-Ag alloys or Pd-Cu alloys.

[0064] Hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can flow from the first opening 42 through the through-holes 4411 of the filter membrane 442 and the support 441 to the second opening 43. In this way, hydrogen gas is filtered out by the filter membrane 442. Specifically, hydrogen molecules in the mixed gas can first decompose into hydrogen atoms on one side of the filter membrane 442. The hydrogen atoms pass through the filter membrane 442 and recombine into hydrogen molecules on the other side. The hydrogen then flows through the through-holes 4411 to the second opening 43, while other gases in the mixed gas are blocked by the filter membrane 442, thus achieving the filtration of hydrogen gas from the mixed gas. The support 441 provides support for the filter membrane 442, ensuring the structural strength of the hydrogen filter element 44 while reducing the thickness of the filter membrane 442, thereby reducing the material cost of the hydrogen filter element 444. Furthermore, it increases the contact area between the filter membrane 442 and the mixed gas, improving the efficiency of hydrogen filtration. In some other embodiments, the filter membrane 442 may also be disposed on the side of the support 441 facing away from the first opening 42, and the hydrogen in the mixed gas may also flow from the first opening 42 through the through hole 4411 and the filter membrane 442 to the second opening 43.

[0065] In some embodiments, the solid oxide battery stack 100 further includes a heating element 70, which is disposed around the periphery of the receiving cavity 41. Exemplarily, the heating element 70 may be, but is not limited to, a resistance wire or a microwave heating element. Thus, the hydrogen filter 44 can be heated by the heating element 70, ensuring that the hydrogen filter 44 is at its normal operating temperature and preventing damage due to being outside its normal operating temperature range. This improves the stability and reliability of hydrogen filtration by the hydrogen filter 44. Exemplarily, the normal operating temperature range of the hydrogen filter 44 may be 200°C to 950°C. Specifically, when the hydrogen filter 44 operates below 200°C, the filter membrane 442 has poor resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and is prone to damage, and there is a risk of separation between the filter membrane 442 and the support 441. When the hydrogen filter 44 operates above 950°C, the palladium in the filter membrane 442 undergoes a chemical reaction, causing the filter membrane 442 to shrink and become damaged. Therefore, the hydrogen filter element 44 can avoid damage when operating in an environment of 200℃-950℃, ensuring that the hydrogen filter element 44 can stably filter out hydrogen.

[0066] Please see Figure 4 and combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0067] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 2 and Figure 3 The embodiments shown are similar in structure, but the difference lies in the structure of the filter 40. Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the filter 40 includes a receiving cavity 41, a first opening 42, a second opening 43, and a hydrogen filter element 44. The first opening 42 is located on one side of the receiving cavity 41 along its axial direction. The second opening 43 is disposed on the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41. The hydrogen filter element 44 is disposed on the inner side of the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41 and covers the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41. There are multiple second openings 43, which are spaced apart from each other. At least some of the second openings 43 are sequentially spaced along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. The hydrogen filter element 44 covers each second opening 43. The hydrogen filter element 44 includes a filter membrane 442, meaning the support 441 may be omitted. In some other embodiments, the hydrogen filter element 44 may also include a filter membrane 442 and a support 441, with the support 441 disposed between the filter membrane 442 and the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41.

[0068] Hydrogen gas in the mixed gas can flow into the receiving cavity 41 through the first opening 42 and then flow away from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. Hydrogen gas can also flow radially through the filter membrane 442 (i.e., hydrogen filter element 44) to the second opening 43, thus achieving hydrogen filtration. In this way, the filter membrane 442 (i.e., hydrogen filter element 44) can contact hydrogen gas at all points along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, which helps to increase the contact area between the filter membrane 442 (i.e., hydrogen filter element 44) and hydrogen gas, thereby improving the filtration efficiency of the filter membrane 442 (i.e., hydrogen filter element 44).

[0069] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the axial dimension of the filter membrane 442 (i.e., the hydrogen filter element 44) in the receiving cavity 41 is equal to the axial dimension of the receiving cavity 41. This increases the contact area between the filter membrane 442 (i.e., the hydrogen filter element 44) and the hydrogen, thereby improving the filtration efficiency of the filter membrane 442 (i.e., the hydrogen filter element 44). Furthermore, the hydrogen flow velocity is higher near the first opening 42, allowing the higher-velocity hydrogen to flow rapidly from the end of the filter membrane 442 (i.e., the hydrogen filter element 44) near the first opening 42 to the second opening 43, further enhancing the filtration efficiency.

[0070] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the filter 40 further includes a third opening 45. The third opening 45 is located on the side of the receiving cavity 41 facing away from the first opening 42 and communicates with the receiving cavity 41 along its axial direction. The third opening 45 communicates with the external environment. The temperature of the gas surrounding the third opening 45 is lower. There is also a temperature difference between the gas surrounding the third opening 45 and the mixed gas flowing into the receiving cavity 41 from the first opening 42. The mixed gas is subject to buoyancy. Under the action of buoyancy, the mixed gas accelerates from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 towards the third opening 45, which helps to increase the flow rate of the mixed gas in the receiving cavity 41 and improves the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element 44 for hydrogen.

[0071] Understandable. Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the design of filter 40 can be applied to Figures 1-3 In any of the embodiments shown.

[0072] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 and combined Figure 2 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 yes Figure 5 An enlarged view of part B of the solid oxide battery stack 100 shown.

[0073] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 5 and Figure 6 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 2 The illustrated embodiments are similar in structure, except that the structure of filter 40 is different. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, the first opening 42 and the second opening 43 are located on both sides of the receiving cavity 41 along its axial direction, as detailed in the example. Figure 2 The following is a description of the embodiment. A hydrogen filter 44 is disposed in the receiving cavity 41. The hydrogen filter 44 is spaced apart from the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41. The hydrogen filter 44 has a gas delivery hole 443, which penetrates the side of the hydrogen filter 44 facing away from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 and communicates with the second opening 43.

[0074] Specifically, the hydrogen filter element 44 includes a support 441 and a filter membrane 442. A gas inlet 443 is disposed on the support 441 and extends through the support 441 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 on the side opposite to the first opening 42. The support 441 is provided with through holes 4411. Exemplarily, there are multiple through holes 4411, including first through holes 4411a and second through holes 4411b. The first through holes 4411a extend radially through the support 441 and communicate with the receiving cavity 41 and the gas inlet 443. There can be multiple first through holes 4411a, which are spaced apart from each other. Some of the first through holes 4411a are sequentially spaced along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. The second through holes 4411b extend axially through the support 441 and communicate with the gas inlet 443 and the first opening 42.

[0075] A filter membrane 442 is disposed on the side of the support 441 facing away from the air inlet 443 and covers the through-hole 4411. Specifically, the filter membrane 442 includes a first part 4421 and a second part 4422. The first part 4421 covers the outer side of the peripheral wall of the support 441 and covers each first through-hole 4411a. In the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, the second part 4422 is disposed on the side of the first part 4421 facing the first opening 42 and covers the side of the support 441 facing the first opening 42. The second part 4422 covers the second through-hole 4411b.

[0076] Hydrogen gas flowing into the mixed gas from the first opening 42 can flow along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 through the second part 4422 and the second through hole 4411b into the gas outlet 443, and then flow out from the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41; alternatively, it can flow along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 between the first part 4421 and the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41, and then flow along the radial direction of the receiving cavity 41 through the first part 4421 and multiple first through holes 4411a into the gas outlet 443, and then flow out from the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41.

[0077] It can be understood that hydrogen in the mixed gas can flow from the first opening 42 into the space between the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41 and the hydrogen filter element 44, and then flow away from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. Specifically, hydrogen located between the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41 and the hydrogen filter element 44 can flow radially through the hydrogen filter element 44 into the gas outlet 443, and then flow out through the second opening 43, thus achieving hydrogen filtration. Hydrogen in the mixed gas can also flow from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 through the hydrogen filter element 44 into the gas outlet 443, and then flow out through the second opening 43. In this way, hydrogen can be filtered from both the radial side of the hydrogen filter element 44 and the axial side of the hydrogen filter element 44 facing the first opening 42 of the receiving cavity 41, which helps to increase the contact area between the hydrogen filter element 44 and the hydrogen in the mixed gas, and improves the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element 44. Moreover, the hydrogen gas has a higher flow rate near the first opening 42. The hydrogen gas with a higher flow rate can quickly flow through the end of the hydrogen filter 44 near the first opening 42 to the gas inlet 443, and then to the second opening 43, which helps to improve the filtration efficiency of hydrogen gas.

[0078] exist Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the size of the hydrogen filter 44 is equal to the size of the housing 41 in the axial direction. This increases the contact area between the hydrogen filter 44 and the mixed gas, thereby improving the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter 44. In other embodiments, the size of the hydrogen filter 44 may be smaller than the size of the housing 41 in the axial direction.

[0079] exist Figure 5 and Figure 6In the illustrated embodiment, the projected area of ​​the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 is larger than the projected area of ​​the hydrogen filter 44 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. This allows the mixed gas located between the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41 and the hydrogen filter 44 to flow along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 towards the second opening 43 and come into contact with the low-temperature gas surrounding the second opening 43. This increases the flow velocity of the mixed gas within the receiving cavity 41 along the axial direction, thereby improving the hydrogen filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter 44. In other embodiments, the projected area of ​​the second opening 43 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 may also be smaller than the projected area of ​​the hydrogen filter 44 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41.

[0080] Understandable. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the design of filter 40 can be applied to Figures 1-4 In any of the embodiments shown.

[0081] Please see Figure 7 and combined Figure 5 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0082] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 5 The embodiments shown are similar in structure, except that the structure of the receiving cavity 41 is different. Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the radial dimension of the receiving cavity 41 gradually decreases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43. This is beneficial for reducing the radial dimension of the second opening 43, for increasing the flow rate of hydrogen from the second opening 43, and for improving the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element 44. Furthermore, as the temperature of the hydrogen gradually decreases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43, the flow rate of the hydrogen gradually decreases, and the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element 44 gradually decreases. This design ensures that the distance between the hydrogen filter element 44 and the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41 gradually decreases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43. This ensures that the flow rate of hydrogen between the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity 41 and the hydrogen filter element 44 remains uniform in the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, and ensures that the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element 44 is the same in the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41. This is beneficial to improving the uniformity and efficiency of hydrogen filtration by the hydrogen filter element 44.

[0083] Understandable. Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the design of the receiving cavity 41 can be applied to Figures 1-6In any of the embodiments shown.

[0084] Please see Figure 8 and combined Figure 5 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0085] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 5 The embodiments shown are similar in structure, except that the hydrogen filter element 44 has a different structure. Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the radial dimension of the hydrogen filter element 44 gradually increases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43. Since the flow velocity of hydrogen near the first opening 42 is greater than that away from the first opening 42, the filtration efficiency of the portion of the hydrogen filter element 44 near the first opening 42 is greater than that away from the first opening 42. This design ensures that the contact area between the hydrogen filter element 44 and the hydrogen in the mixed gas gradually increases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43, ensuring that the filtration efficiency of the hydrogen filter element 44 is the same at all points along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41, which is beneficial for improving the uniformity and efficiency of hydrogen filtration by the hydrogen filter element 44.

[0086] exist Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the radial dimension of the gas delivery hole 443 gradually increases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43. This ensures that the flow velocity of hydrogen from the gas delivery hole 443 to the second opening 43 gradually decreases in the direction from the first opening 42 along the axial direction of the receiving cavity 41 to the second opening 43. This guarantees that the hydrogen can diffuse uniformly before exiting the gas delivery hole 443, avoiding situations where the local flow velocity of hydrogen from the gas delivery hole 443 is too high or too low, and thus improving the uniformity and stability of the hydrogen exiting from the gas delivery hole 443.

[0087] Understandable. Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the design of the hydrogen filter 44 can be applied to... Figures 1-7 In any of the embodiments shown.

[0088] Please see Figure 9 and Figure 10 and combined Figure 2 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery stack 100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0089] like Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 2 The structures of the illustrated embodiments are similar, differing only in the number of solid oxide batteries 10, the number of first flow channels 20, the number of second flow channels 30, the number of filters 40, the number of connecting tubes 60, and the number of heating elements 70. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, there are multiple solid oxide batteries 10, multiple first flow channels 20, multiple second flow channels 30, multiple filters 40, multiple connecting tubes 60, and multiple heating elements 70. The first electrode layer 11 of one solid oxide battery 10 is exposed in one first flow channel 20, and the second electrode layer 13 of one solid oxide battery 10 is exposed in one second flow channel 30. Specifically, multiple first flow channels 20 and multiple second flow channels 30 are disposed in an insulating housing 50, which includes multiple mating cavities 51. In the thickness direction of the solid oxide battery 10, multiple first flow channels 20 and multiple second flow channels 30 are arranged alternately and at intervals. One mating cavity 51 communicates between adjacent first flow channels 20 and second flow channels 30, one solid oxide battery 10 is housed in one mating cavity 51, and one solid oxide battery 10 is located between adjacent first flow channels 20 and second flow channels 30. In the adjacent first flow channel 20 and second flow channel 30 and the solid oxide battery 10 located between the adjacent first flow channel 20 and second flow channel 30, the side of the first electrode layer 11 facing away from the electrolyte layer 12 is exposed in the first flow channel 20, and the side of the second electrode layer 13 facing away from the electrolyte layer 12 is exposed in the second flow channel 30.

[0090] A first opening 42 of a filter 40 is connected to a second flow channel 30. Specifically, the first opening 42 of a filter 40 is connected to a second outlet 32 ​​of a second flow channel 30 via a connecting pipe 60. In some other embodiments, the connecting pipe 60 may be omitted, and the first opening 42 of a filter 40 is directly connected to the second outlet 32 ​​of a second flow channel 30. In this way, a filter 40 can filter out hydrogen from the gas flowing out of a second flow channel 30, which helps to reduce the structural complexity of connecting the first opening 42 of the filter 40 to the second flow channel 30. Moreover, it can avoid the mixing of hydrogen flowing out of multiple second flow channels 30, which helps to reduce the hydrogen filtration requirements of a single filter 40 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the filter 40. A heating element 70 is arranged around the outer periphery of the receiving cavity 41 of a filter 40. In this way, multiple heating elements 70 can heat the hydrogen filter elements 44 of multiple filters 40 respectively, which is simple in structure and easy to design.

[0091] like Figure 2 and Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 2 The embodiments shown are structurally similar, differing only in the number of solid oxide cells 10, the number of first flow channels 20, and the number of second flow channels 30, as well as the structure of the connecting tube 60. Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, there are multiple solid oxide batteries 10, multiple first flow channels 20, and multiple second flow channels 30. The first electrode layer 11 of one solid oxide battery 10 is exposed in one first flow channel 20, and the second electrode layer 13 of one solid oxide battery 10 is exposed in one second flow channel 30. See [reference needed] for details. Figure 9 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated.

[0092] The first opening 42 of the filter 40 is connected to a plurality of second flow channels 30. Specifically, the first opening 42 of the filter 40 is connected to the second outlet 32 ​​of the plurality of second flow channels 30 via a connecting pipe 60. The connecting pipe 60 may include a first cavity 61, a plurality of second cavities 62, and a third cavity 63. The plurality of second cavities 62 are located on one side of the first cavity 61 and are connected to the first cavity 61, and the third cavity 63 is located on the other side of the first cavity 61 and is connected to the first cavity 61. One second cavity 62 is connected to the second outlet 32 ​​of one second flow channel 30, and the third cavity 63 is connected to the first opening 42. In this way, the gas flowing out of each second flow channel 30 can flow from the first opening 42 to the hydrogen filter element 44, and the hydrogen filter element 44 can filter out the hydrogen in the gas flowing out of each second flow channel 30, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the filter 40 and improving the structural compactness of the solid oxide battery stack 100. In some other embodiments, the connecting pipe 60 may also be integrated into the insulating housing 50.

[0093] Understandable. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, there are multiple solid oxide batteries 10, multiple first flow channels 20, multiple second flow channels 30, multiple filters 40, multiple connecting tubes 60, and multiple heating elements 70. Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the number of solid oxide batteries 10, the number of first flow channels 20, and the number of second flow channels 30 are all multiple. The structure of the connecting tube 60 can be applied to... Figures 1-8 In any of the embodiments shown.

[0094] Please see Figure 11 and combined Figure 2 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another solid oxide battery system 1000 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0095] like Figure 2 and Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 The illustrated embodiments and Figure 2 The embodiments shown are structurally similar, differing only in the fitting relationship of the heating element 70. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element 70 includes a first port 71, which is connected to the first gas outlet 22 of the first flow channel 20. The gas flowing out of the first flow channel 20 is a high-temperature gas. The gas in the first flow channel 20 can flow into the heating element 70 through the first port 71. The heating element 70 can heat the hydrogen filter 44 through the gas flowing out of the first flow channel 20, which avoids the introduction of additional power supply equipment due to the heating element 70 heating the hydrogen filter 44, thus reducing energy consumption. Moreover, the heating element 70 is also applicable in the event of a power outage, making it widely applicable.

[0096] Specifically, the solid oxide battery stack 100 also includes a first transmission tube 80 and a first valve 101. A first port 71 is connected to a first gas outlet 22 via the first transmission tube 80. The first valve 101 is disposed within the first transmission tube 80. For example, the first valve 101 may be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve, a regulating valve, or a shut-off valve. The first transmission tube 80 includes a first transmission chamber 81 and a second transmission chamber 82. One end of the first transmission chamber 81 is connected to the first gas outlet 22, and the other end is connected to one valve port of the first valve 101. One end of the second transmission chamber 82 is connected to the other valve port of the first valve 101, and the other end is connected to the first port 71. Thus, the first valve 101 can adjust the rate at which gas flows from the first flow channel 20 to the heating element 70, and can control whether the first port 71 of the heating element 70 can receive gas from the first flow channel 20.

[0097] exist Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element 70 further includes a second port 72 connected to the first port 71, and the second port 72 is connected to the first air inlet 21. Thus, the gas flowing out of the first flow channel 20, after flowing into the heating element 70 and heating the hydrogen filter 44, can flow back into the first flow channel 20 to supply the solid oxide battery 10, achieving the recycling of the gas flowing out of the first flow channel 20 and helping to reduce the operating cost of the solid oxide battery 10.

[0098] Specifically, the solid oxide battery stack 100 also includes a second transmission pipe 90 and a second valve 102. The second port 72 is connected to the first air inlet 21 through the second transmission pipe 90. The second valve 102 is disposed in the second transmission pipe 90. The second valve 102 may be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve, a regulating valve, or a shut-off valve. The second transmission pipe 90 includes a third transmission chamber 91 and a fourth transmission chamber 92. One end of the third transmission chamber 91 is connected to the first air inlet 21, and the other end is connected to one valve port of the second valve 102. One end of the fourth transmission chamber 92 is connected to the other valve port of the second valve 102, and the other end is connected to the second port 72. The output end of the first preheating device 203 is connected to the third transmission chamber 91 through the second pipe 206, so that the water vapor output from the output end of the gas supply device 201 can still flow to the first air inlet 21 through the first preheating device 203 to supply the solid oxide battery 10. The second valve 102 can adjust the rate at which the gas in the first flow channel 20 flows from the self-heating element 70 to the first flow channel 20, and can also control whether the first flow channel 20 can receive the gas in the heating element 70.

[0099] exist Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the solid oxide battery stack 100 further includes a third valve 103, which is disposed in the connecting pipe 60. The third valve 103 may be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve, a regulating valve, or a shut-off valve. Specifically, the connecting pipe 60 includes a fifth transmission chamber 64 and a sixth transmission chamber 65. One end of the fifth transmission chamber 64 is connected to the second outlet 32 ​​of the second flow channel 30, and the other end is connected to one valve port of the third valve 103. One end of the sixth transmission chamber 65 is connected to the other valve port of the third valve 103, and the other end is connected to the first opening 42 of the filter 40. In this way, the rate at which the gas flows from the second flow channel 30 to the hydrogen filter element 44 can be adjusted by the third valve 103, and whether the hydrogen filter element 44 can filter out the hydrogen in the second flow channel 30 can be controlled.

[0100] Understandable. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the first port 71 of the heating element 70 is connected to the first air outlet 22 of the first flow channel 20, and the second port 72 is connected to the first air inlet 21 of the first flow channel 20. The design of the first valve 101, the second valve 102, and the third valve 103 can be applied to... Figures 1-10 In any of the embodiments shown.

[0101] Next, with Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 Taking the solid oxide battery system 1000 shown as an example, the working process of applying the solid oxide battery stack 100 to the solid oxide battery system 1000 is explained.

[0102] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 and combined Figure 11 , Figure 12 This is a structural block diagram of another solid oxide battery system 1000 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 13 yes Figure 12 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the solid oxide battery system 1000 in the first startup state. Figure 14 yes Figure 12 The diagram shows the structural block diagram of the solid oxide battery system 1000 in its operating state. Figure 15 yes Figure 12 The diagram shows the structural block diagram of the solid oxide battery system 1000 in the shutdown state. It should be noted that... Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 In the diagram, straight lines with arrows indicate the direction of flow. Thick lines are used to represent connections.

[0103] like Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, in Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 In the embodiments shown, the solid oxide battery system 1000 may include a solid oxide battery stack 100, a gas supply device 201, a first preheating device 203 and a power supply 400, and may also include a heat exchanger 500, a first heat source 600a, a second heat source 600b, a condenser 700, a hydrogen storage device 800 and an oxygen storage device 900.

[0104] The coordination relationship between the solid oxide battery stack 100, the first preheating device 203, and the power supply 400 can be referred to Figure 11 The relevant descriptions of the illustrated embodiments will not be repeated. The solid oxide battery stack 100 may include a solid oxide battery 10, a first flow channel 20, a second flow channel 30, a filter 40, a heating element 70, a first valve 101, a second valve 102, and a third valve 103. The first air inlet 21 of the first flow channel 20 is connected to the output end of the first preheating device 203 and is connected to the second port 72 of the heating element 70 through the second valve 102. The first air outlet 22 of the first flow channel 20 is connected to the first port 71 of the heating element 70 through the first valve 101. The second air outlet 32 ​​of the second flow channel 30 is connected to the first opening 42 of the filter 40 through the third valve 103. The power supply 400 is used to supply power to the solid oxide battery 10.

[0105] The gas supply device 201 may include a water storage device 2011 and an evaporator 2012. The output end of the water storage device 2011 is connected to the input end of the evaporator 2012, and the input end of the evaporator 2012 is connected to the input end of the first preheating device 203 through a heat exchanger 500. A first heat source 600a is used to heat the evaporator 2012, and a second heat source 600b is used to heat the first preheating device 203. The input end of the condenser 700 is connected to the first outlet 22 of the first flow channel 20 through the heat exchanger 500. One output end of the condenser 700 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 800. The other output end of the condenser 700 is connected to the output end of the water storage device 2011 and the input end of the evaporator 2012. The oxygen storage device 900 is connected to the second outlet 32 ​​of the second flow channel 30 through the heat exchanger 500.

[0106] The solid oxide battery system 1000 may include a first start-up state, a second start-up state, an operating state, and a shutdown state. For example... Figure 13 As shown, in the first startup state, the first valve 101 and the second valve 102 are open, and the third valve 103 is closed. The water storage device 2011 can supply liquid water to the evaporator 2012. Under the heating of the first heat source 600a to the evaporator 2012, the evaporator 2012 vaporizes the liquid water and forms water vapor. The water vapor flows to the first preheating device 203 through the heat exchanger 500. Under the heating of the first preheating device 203 by the second heat source 600b, the first preheating device 203 heats the water vapor and forms high-temperature water vapor. The temperature of the second heat source 600b is higher than the temperature of the first heat source 600a. The high-temperature water vapor flows from the first preheating device 203 into the first flow channel 20 through the first air inlet 21.

[0107] At this time, the temperature of the solid oxide battery 10 is low, and the high-temperature water vapor will not electrolyze under the action of the power supply 400. The high-temperature water vapor can flow into the heating element 70 from the first outlet 22 via the first valve 101 and the first port 71 of the heating element 70. The heating element 70 uses the heat provided by the high-temperature water vapor to heat the hydrogen filter element 44 of the filter 40 (e.g., ...). Figure 11 (As shown) Heating brings the hydrogen filter 44 to its normal operating temperature, for example, above 200°C. High-temperature water vapor in the heating element 70 can flow back from the second port 72 through the second valve 102 and the first inlet 21 into the first flow channel 20. As high-temperature water vapor continuously flows into the first flow channel 20 through the first inlet 21, the temperature of the solid oxide battery 10 continuously rises until, under the influence of electrical energy provided by the power supply 400, the solid oxide battery 10 electrolyzes the high-temperature water vapor to generate hydrogen and oxygen.

[0108] Hydrogen gas and unreacted high-temperature water vapor can flow to heat exchanger 500 through first outlet 22. The heat from the hydrogen gas and unreacted high-temperature water vapor can be supplied by heat exchanger 500 to the water vapor flowing from evaporator 2012 to first preheating device 203, thus reducing the heating difficulty of the water vapor in first preheating device 203. Hydrogen gas and water vapor can flow from heat exchanger 500 to condenser 700, where the water vapor condenses to form liquid water. The liquid water can flow from condenser 700 to the input end of evaporator 2012 to achieve water circulation. Hydrogen gas flows from condenser 700 to hydrogen storage device 800 for hydrogen storage. Oxygen generated at the solid oxide battery 10 can flow from the second flow channel 30 through the second outlet 32 ​​to the heat exchanger 500. The heat from the oxygen can be supplied by the heat exchanger 500 to the water vapor flowing from the evaporator 2012 to the first preheating device 203, thus reducing the difficulty of heating the water vapor in the first preheating device 203. Oxygen then flows from the heat exchanger 500 to the oxygen storage device 900 for storage.

[0109] like Figure 12 As shown, while the solid oxide battery 10 electrolyzes high-temperature water vapor to generate hydrogen and oxygen, the third valve 103 can be turned on. The solid oxide battery system 1000 switches from the first start-up state to the second start-up state. That is, in the second start-up state, the first valve 101, the second valve 102, and the third valve 103 are all turned on. At this time, the gas in the second flow channel 30 can also flow from the second outlet 32 ​​through the third valve 103 to the first opening 42 of the filter 40. The filter 40 can filter out any hydrogen that may be mixed in the second flow channel 30 to avoid an explosion.

[0110] like Figure 14 As shown, when the temperature of the solid oxide battery 10 rises to the range of 200℃-950℃, the first valve 101 and the second valve 102 are closed. The solid oxide battery system 1000 switches from the second start-up state to the working state. That is, in the working state, the first valve 101 and the second valve 102 are closed, and the third valve 103 is open. At this time, the heating element 70 cannot heat the hydrogen filter element 44 in the filter 40 (e.g., Figure 11 (As shown) Heating is used to prevent the temperature of the hydrogen filter 44 from exceeding the normal operating temperature. The filter 40 is always capable of filtering out any hydrogen that may be mixed in with the second flow channel 30.

[0111] like Figure 12 and Figure 15As shown, when maintenance or inspection of the solid oxide battery system 1000 is required, the third valve 103 can be closed. The solid oxide battery system 1000 switches from the operating state to the shutdown state. That is, in the shutdown state, the first valve 101, the second valve 102, and the third valve 103 are all closed. At this time, the first heat source 600a and the second heat source 600b no longer supply heat, and the first air inlet 21 of the first flow channel 20 no longer introduces high-temperature water vapor. The solid oxide battery 10 can cool down naturally or be cooled down more quickly by a cooling device, thereby facilitating maintenance or replacement of the solid oxide battery system 1000.

Claims

1. A solid oxide cell stack, characterized by The solid oxide cell stack comprises a fixed oxidation cell, a first flow channel, a second flow channel and a filter, the solid oxide cell comprises a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer and a second electrode layer, the first flow channel, the first electrode layer, the electrolyte layer, the second electrode layer and the second flow channel are sequentially arranged, the first electrode layer is exposed in the first flow channel, the second electrode layer is exposed in the second flow channel, the filter comprises a receiving cavity, a first opening, a second opening and a hydrogen filter element, the receiving cavity is in communication with the first opening and the second opening, the first opening is in communication with the second flow channel, and the hydrogen filter element is arranged in the receiving cavity and located between the first opening and the second opening.

2. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 1, wherein, In the direction of gravity, the second opening is located above the first opening.

3. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The hydrogen filter element comprises a support body and a filter membrane, the support body is provided with a through hole, and the filter membrane is arranged on one side of the support body and covers the through hole.

4. The solid oxide cell stack of any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In the axial direction of the receiving cavity, the first opening and the second opening are located on both sides of the receiving cavity.

5. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 4, wherein, The hydrogen filter element is arranged in space with the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity, the hydrogen filter element is provided with a gas inlet hole, the gas inlet hole penetrates through the side of the hydrogen filter element away from the first opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity and is in communication with the second opening.

6. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 5, wherein, In the direction in which the first opening points to the second opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity, the radial dimension of the hydrogen filter element gradually increases.

7. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 5 or 6, characterized in that In the direction in which the first opening points to the second opening along the axial direction of the receiving cavity, the radial dimension of the gas inlet hole gradually increases.

8. The solid oxide cell stack of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The hydrogen filter element is perpendicular to the axial direction of the receiving cavity, and in the axial direction of the receiving cavity, the hydrogen filter element is located between the first opening and the second opening.

9. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 8, wherein, In the axial direction of the receiving cavity, the hydrogen filter element is closer to the second opening than the first opening.

10. The solid oxide cell stack of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, In the axial direction of the receiving cavity, the first opening is located on one side of the receiving cavity, the second opening is arranged on the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity, and the hydrogen filter element is arranged on the inner side of the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity and covers the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity.

11. The solid oxide cell stack of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, In the direction in which the first opening points to the second opening along the axial direction of receiving cavity, the radial dimension of the receiving cavity gradually decreases.

12. The solid oxide cell stack of any one of claims 1-11, wherein, The solid oxide cell stack further comprises a heating element, and the heating element is arranged outside the peripheral wall of the receiving cavity.

13. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 12, wherein, The first flow channel comprises a first gas outlet, and the heating element comprises a first port, which is in communication with the first gas outlet.

14. The solid oxide cell stack of claim 13, wherein, The first flow channel further comprises a first gas inlet in communication with the first gas outlet, and the heating element further comprises a second port in communication with the first port, which is in communication with the first gas inlet.

15. The solid oxide cell stack of any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The number of the solid oxide cell, the first flow channel and the second flow channel is multiple, the first electrode layer of one solid oxide cell is exposed in one first flow channel, the second electrode layer of one solid oxide cell is exposed in one second flow channel, and the first opening is in communication with multiple second flow channels. Alternatively, the number of filters may be multiple, with a first opening of one filter communicating with a second flow channel.

16. A solid oxide cell system, characterized by The solid oxide battery system includes a solid oxide battery stack and a gas supply device as described in any one of claims 1-15, wherein the output end of the gas supply device is connected to one end of the first flow channel.

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