Urban bridge prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap outer formwork system and urban bridge disease anti-collision wall replacement construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of urban bridge prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap outer formwork system and urban bridge disease crash barrier replacement construction method, the outer formwork system includes the outer formwork component being attached to the outer side of prefabricated crash barrier and beam body across assembly gap, the outer formwork component includes steel formwork and the upper and lower two groups of sliding groove symmetrically welded in its inner side;Fixed rod is multiple, and the upper and lower two groups are slidably installed in two groups of the sliding groove, and the upper and lower two groups of fixed rod are respectively welded on the bottom reinforcement of prefabricated crash barrier and the top reinforcement of beam body;Reinforcing bar is welded at the intersection of fixed rod and the bottom reinforcement of prefabricated crash barrier and the intersection of fixed rod and the top reinforcement of beam body.The application has the advantages of simple installation, time-saving and labor-saving;Without the aid of climbing car, vehicle crane is carried out to install and remove outer formwork, avoids the risk of high-altitude operation, does not occupy ground traffic road, simplifies construction process, improves the safety of on-site operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction, and in particular to a prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges, and a construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers on urban bridges. Background Technology

[0002] Bridges are subject to long-term exposure to traffic loads, environmental erosion, and accidental impacts. Consequently, the crash barriers on both sides of the bridge are prone to structural defects such as steel corrosion, through-cracks, insufficient strength, durability degradation, and significant aesthetic flaws, directly threatening bridge operational safety. Replacement is often achieved through cutting and chiseling, using either cast-in-place or prefabricated construction methods. The challenge lies in urban areas, where crash barrier replacement work is often located near major traffic arteries or structures. Limited work space and strict safety controls on the outer side of the gap between the crash barrier and the bridge structure necessitate the use of aerial work platforms or truck cranes to install and dismantle the outer formwork at this gap. This process is not only cumbersome and time-consuming, disrupting traffic, but also poses significant risks associated with working at height. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a formwork system for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of urban bridges, and a construction method for replacing the crash barrier with defects in urban bridges. This solves the problems of cumbersome operation, time-consuming and labor-intensive operation, high-altitude operation risks, and occupation of ground traffic caused by the need to use aerial work platforms or truck cranes for the installation and removal of the formwork for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a prefabricated crash barrier system for urban bridges and an external formwork system for the gaps in the beam assembly, comprising:

[0005] The outer formwork assembly is fitted to the outer side of the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam across the assembly gap. The outer formwork assembly includes a steel formwork and two sets of upper and lower sliding grooves symmetrically welded to its inner side along the length direction.

[0006] The fixing rods are multiple and are slidably installed in the two sets of grooves in two corresponding groups. The upper and lower sets of fixing rods are respectively vertically welded to the bottom steel bars of the precast anti-collision wall and the top steel bars of the beam.

[0007] Reinforcing bars are welded along the bridge direction at the intersection of the bottom reinforcing bars of the fixed rod and the precast crash barrier, and at the intersection of the top reinforcing bars of the fixed rod and the beam.

[0008] Furthermore, the prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges provided by the present invention further includes:

[0009] The overlapping plate is vertically distributed at one end of the inner side of the steel formwork along one of its length directions. The overlapping plate is partially welded to the steel formwork and partially exposed at the end of the steel formwork.

[0010] Furthermore, in the prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges provided by the present invention, each set of the sliding groove consists of multiple C-shaped steels welded at intervals onto the steel formwork, with the openings of the C-shaped steels facing inwards.

[0011] Furthermore, in the prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges provided by the present invention, each set of the sliding groove is a C-shaped steel welded to the steel formwork, and the opening of the C-shaped steel is arranged inward.

[0012] Furthermore, in the prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges provided by the present invention, each of the fixed rods includes a rod body and a screw welded parallel to one end, and the screw is threaded with two nuts. The fixed rod is slidably installed on the slide groove through the screw between the two nuts.

[0013] Furthermore, in the prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges provided by the present invention, the fixing rod is an externally threaded rod with external threads at least one end, and the externally threaded rod is threaded with two nuts. The fixing rod is slidably installed on the slide groove through the externally threaded rod between the two nuts.

[0014] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention also provides a construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers on urban bridges, employing the aforementioned prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges, comprising:

[0015] Cut and remove the damaged crash barriers on the beam of the urban bridge, leaving the top steel reinforcement of the beam;

[0016] Before replacing the precast crash barrier, multiple fixing rods are slidably installed in the upper groove of the outer formwork assembly to form the upper fixing rod. The upper fixing rod is then welded to the bottom reinforcement of the precast crash barrier, so that the upper end of the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly fits against the outer side of the bottom of the precast crash barrier. Reinforcing bars are welded along the bridge direction at the intersection of the upper fixing rod and the bottom reinforcement of the precast crash barrier, so that the outer formwork assembly is installed at the bottom of the precast crash barrier.

[0017] The prefabricated crash barrier with the external formwork assembly is hoisted as a whole to the top reinforcement of the beam, so that the lower end of the steel formwork of the external formwork assembly is attached to the outer side of the beam.

[0018] Multiple fixing rods are slidably installed in the lower set of grooves of the outer formwork assembly along the bridge to form the lower set of fixing rods. The lower set of fixing rods are vertically welded to the top steel bars of the beam, so that the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly spans the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam and fits snugly on the outer side of the precast crash barrier and the beam, thus completing the support of the outer formwork system for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam of the urban bridge.

[0019] An inner formwork is installed on the inside of the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam, so that a closed filling space is formed between the inner formwork and the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly.

[0020] The prefabricated crash barrier is integrated with the beam by pouring filling material into the filling space.

[0021] After the filling material reaches the design strength, the inner formwork is removed, but the outer formwork system for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of the urban bridge is not removed, thus completing the replacement construction of the defective crash barrier of the urban bridge.

[0022] Furthermore, the construction method for replacing the anti-collision wall of urban bridge defects provided by the present invention involves applying expanding foam evenly to the gaps on the inner side of the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly when gaps appear between the steel formwork and the precast anti-collision wall and the beam, ensuring that the expanding foam fills the gaps and forms a sealed layer.

[0023] Furthermore, in the construction method for replacing the anti-collision wall of a damaged urban bridge provided by the present invention, the filling material is a special filler or concrete.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] The present invention provides an external formwork system for the assembly gap between prefabricated crash barriers and beams for urban bridges, as well as a construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers on urban bridges. When replacing damaged crash barriers or performing new prefabricated crash barriers and beams in a modular assembly process, the upper fixing rod is welded to the bottom reinforcing bars of the prefabricated crash barrier and slidably connected to the fixing rod via a groove in the external formwork assembly. This allows the external formwork assembly to be installed at the bottom of the prefabricated crash barrier. When the prefabricated crash barrier is hoisted to the beam, the lower fixing rod is slidably installed on the lower groove of the external formwork assembly. The lower fixing rod is then welded to the top reinforcing bars of the beam. This allows the steel formwork of the external formwork assembly to fit snugly across the assembly gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam on the outer surface of both the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam. This method offers advantages such as simple installation, time and labor savings, and eliminates the need for aerial work platforms or truck cranes for external formwork installation. It avoids the high-altitude risks and time restrictions associated with operations near highways, rail transit, and other special areas, does not occupy ground traffic roads, simplifies the construction process, and improves on-site operational safety.

[0026] The present invention provides an external formwork system for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam of an urban bridge, as well as a construction method for replacing the crash barrier with defects in the urban bridge. After the construction filling material for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam is integrated, the external formwork system is not removed, which greatly reduces the input of manpower and time. It solves the problems of long formwork removal cycle and low efficiency in cast-in-place structures. It does not require the use of aerial work platforms or truck cranes to remove the external formwork, avoids the risks of high-altitude demolition operations, and does not occupy ground traffic roads.

[0027] This invention provides an external formwork system for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam of an urban bridge, as well as a construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers. Two sets of fixing rods are welded to the bottom reinforcing bars of the precast crash barrier and the top reinforcing bars of the beam, respectively. This ensures that the external formwork components are reliably installed in the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam, improving the reliability of the external formwork component connection. Reinforcing bars welded to the intersections of the fixing rods with the bottom reinforcing bars of the precast crash barrier and the top reinforcing bars of the beam further enhance the reliability of the external formwork component connection, preventing displacement of the external formwork components due to vibration during pouring. This improves the stability of the external formwork system and the filling quality of the assembly gap. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of the inner side of the outer template component;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a side view diagram of the outer template component;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the fixed rod;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a front view structural diagram of the process of installing the outer formwork assembly at the assembly gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure after the outer formwork components are installed in the assembly gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a side view of the prefabricated crash barrier assembled with the beams.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a side view of the structure after the outer formwork assembly is installed in the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam.

[0036] As shown in the figure:

[0037] 100. External formwork system for gaps in prefabricated crash barriers and beam assembly for urban bridges;

[0038] 110. External formwork assembly; 111. Steel formwork; 112. Slide rail; 113. Overlap plate;

[0039] 120. Fixing rod; 121. Rod body; 122. Screw; 123. Nut;

[0040] 130. Reinforce the steel bars;

[0041] 140. Precast crash barrier; 141. Bottom reinforcement;

[0042] 150. Beam body; 151. Top reinforcement. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 This invention provides an external formwork system 100 for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of an urban bridge, including an external formwork assembly 110, a fixing rod 120, and reinforcing bars 130, wherein:

[0045] The outer formwork assembly 110 is fitted across the assembly gap between the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and the beam 150 and is attached to the outer side of the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and the beam 150. The outer formwork assembly 110 includes a steel formwork 111 and two sets of upper and lower sliding grooves 112 symmetrically welded along the length direction on its inner side.

[0046] The fixing rods 120, consisting of multiple rods, are slidably installed in two sets of corresponding upper and lower sections within the two sets of sliding grooves 112. The upper and lower sets of fixing rods 120 are respectively welded vertically and at intervals to the bottom reinforcing bars 141 of the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and the top reinforcing bars 151 of the beam 150. The bottom reinforcing bars 141 of the prefabricated crash barrier 140 can be portal steel bars, while the top reinforcing bars 151 of the beam 150 are vertical steel bars.

[0047] Reinforcing steel bars 130 are welded along the bridge direction at the intersection of the bottom reinforcing steel bar 141 of the fixing rod 120 and the prefabricated crash barrier 140, and at the intersection of the top reinforcing steel bar 151 of the fixing rod 120 and the beam 150. There are at least two reinforcing steel bars 130.

[0048] This invention also provides a construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers on urban bridges, employing the aforementioned prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system 100, comprising:

[0049] Step S1: Cut and remove the damaged crash barrier of the urban bridge on beam 150, leaving the top reinforcing steel 151 of beam 150. The damaged crash barrier of the urban bridge can be removed by cutting and chiseling, retaining the top reinforcing steel 151 of beam 150. A roughened surface is left on beam 150, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0050] Step S2: Before replacing the precast crash barrier 140, multiple fixing rods 120 are slidably installed in the upper set of sliding grooves 112 of the outer formwork assembly 110 to form the upper set of fixing rods 120. The upper set of fixing rods 120 are welded to the bottom reinforcing bars 141 of the precast crash barrier 140, so that the upper end of the steel formwork 111 of the outer formwork assembly 110 is attached to the outer side of the bottom of the precast crash barrier 140. Along the bridge direction, reinforcing bars 130 are welded at the intersection of the upper set of fixing rods 120 and the bottom reinforcing bars 141 of the precast crash barrier 140, so that the outer formwork assembly 110 is installed at the bottom of the precast crash barrier 140. Figure 8 As shown.

[0051] Step S3: The prefabricated crash barrier 140, equipped with the outer formwork assembly 110, is hoisted as a whole to the top reinforcing bar 151 of the beam 150, so that the lower end of the steel formwork 111 of the outer formwork assembly 110 is fitted against the outer side of the beam 150. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0052] Step S4: Multiple fixing rods 120 are slidably installed in the lower sliding groove 112 of the outer formwork assembly 110 along the bridge direction to form the lower fixing rods 120. The lower fixing rods 120 are vertically welded to the top reinforcing bars 151 of the beam 150, so that the steel formwork 111 of the outer formwork assembly 110 spans the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150 and fits snugly on the outer surface of the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150, thus completing the support of the outer formwork system 100 for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150 of the urban bridge. Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown. When the external formwork system 100 is erected, it is necessary to ensure that the steel formwork 111 is tightly fitted with the beam 150 and the precast anti-collision wall 140, without obvious warping or loosening.

[0053] Step S5: An inner formwork is installed on the inside of the assembly gap between the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and the beam 150, so that a closed filling space is formed between the inner formwork and the steel formwork 111 of the outer formwork assembly 110.

[0054] Step S6: Pour infill material into the filling space to form a whole with the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150. The infill material can be a special filler or concrete. During the pouring process, ensure that the infill material fills all gaps without voids, honeycombing, or other defects.

[0055] Step S7: After the filling material reaches the design strength, remove the inner formwork, but do not remove the outer formwork system 100 of the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of the urban bridge, thus completing the replacement construction of the defective crash barrier of the urban bridge.

[0056] The present invention provides an external formwork system 100 for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of an urban bridge, and a construction method for replacing a damaged crash barrier on an urban bridge. When replacing a damaged crash barrier or performing a new prefabricated assembly construction of the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and the beam 150, the upper fixing rod 120 is welded to the bottom reinforcing bar 141 of the prefabricated crash barrier 140, and slidably connected to the fixing rod 120 via the sliding groove 112 of the external formwork assembly 110. This allows the external formwork assembly 110 to be installed at the bottom of the prefabricated crash barrier 140. When the prefabricated crash barrier 140 is hoisted to the beam 150, the lower fixing rod 120 slides... The lower set of sliding grooves 112 of the outer formwork assembly 110 is dynamically installed, and then the lower set of fixing rods 120 are welded to the top reinforcing bars 151 of the beam 150. This allows the steel formwork 111 of the outer formwork assembly 110 to be fitted across the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150 and placed on the outer side of the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150. This method has the advantages of simple installation and saving time and labor. It eliminates the need for aerial work platforms or truck cranes to install the outer formwork, avoiding the high-altitude risks and time restrictions of working in special areas such as near highways and rail transit, without occupying ground traffic roads, simplifying the construction process, and improving on-site operation safety.

[0057] The prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system 100 and the urban bridge defect crash barrier replacement construction method provided by the present invention, after the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and beam 150 are integrated by filling the assembly gap with construction material, do not need to remove the external formwork system, which greatly reduces the input of manpower and time, solves the problem of long formwork removal construction cycle and low efficiency in cast-in-place structures, eliminates the need for aerial work platforms and truck cranes to remove the external formwork, avoids the risks of high-altitude demolition operations, and does not occupy ground traffic roads.

[0058] The present invention provides an external formwork system 100 for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam of an urban bridge, and a construction method for replacing the crash barrier with defects in the urban bridge. By welding two sets of fixing rods 120 to the bottom reinforcing bars 141 of the precast crash barrier 140 and the top reinforcing bars 151 of the beam 150, respectively, the external formwork assembly 110 can be reliably installed in the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier 140 and the beam 150, improving the reliability of the connection of the external formwork assembly 110. The reinforcing bars 130 welded to the intersections of the fixing rods 120 with the bottom reinforcing bars 141 of the precast crash barrier 140 and the top reinforcing bars 151 of the beam 150 further enhance the reliability of the connection of the external formwork assembly 110, preventing displacement of the external formwork assembly 110 due to vibration during the pouring process. This improves the stability of the external formwork system and the filling quality of the assembly gap.

[0059] The present invention provides an external formwork system 100 for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of an urban bridge, and a construction method for replacing the crash barrier due to defects in an urban bridge. The steel formwork 111 in the external formwork assembly 110 is permanently retained on the outside of the beam 150, providing secondary protection for the filling joints and enhancing structural durability. The steel formwork 111 is similar in color to the beam 150, effectively concealing color differences at the joints and improving the consistency of the bridge's appearance.

[0060] The present invention provides an external formwork system 100 for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of urban bridges, and a construction method for replacing the defective crash barrier of urban bridges. The sliding installation of the chute 112 and the fixing component 120 is adjustable and can flexibly avoid the problem of steel bar misalignment caused by processing deviation of the prefabricated crash barrier 140 or on-site cutting, thereby improving on-site adaptability and reducing construction error tolerance costs.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 To improve the splicing reliability between the steel plates 111 of two adjacent outer formwork components 110, the urban bridge prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap outer formwork system 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention further includes:

[0062] The overlapping plate 113 is vertically distributed at one end of the inner side of the steel formwork 111 along one of its length directions. The overlapping plate 113 is partially welded to the steel formwork 111 and partially exposed at the end of the steel formwork 111. The overlapping plate 113 can keep the steel formwork 111 of two adjacent outer formwork assemblies 110 continuously connected, avoiding gaps.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 1In order to reduce costs, the prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external template system 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention has multiple C-shaped steels welded at intervals to the steel template 111 in each set of the sliding groove 112, with the openings of the C-shaped steels facing inward.

[0064] In order to improve the installation accuracy of the chute 112 and avoid the difficulty of distributing multiple C-shaped steels on the same straight line, the urban bridge prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention, each set of the chute 112 is a C-shaped steel welded to the steel formwork 111, and the opening of the C-shaped steel is arranged inward.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8 To achieve locking of the fixed rod 120 after sliding installation with the slide groove 112, the urban bridge prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap outer template system 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a fixed rod 120 comprising a rod body 121 and a screw 122 welded parallel to one end. The screw 122 is threaded with two nuts 123. The fixed rod 120 is slidably installed on the slide groove 112 via the screw 122 between the two nuts 123. By adjusting the distance between the two nuts 123 to equal the wall thickness of the slide groove 112, after the slide groove 112 and the screw 122 between the two nuts 123 are slidably installed, the fixed rod 120 is locked onto the outer template assembly 110 by adjusting one of the nuts 122. Since the screw 122 is parallel to the rod body 121 and not on the same straight line, the assembly direction of the screw 122 and the slide groove 112 can be adjusted, thus providing a larger operating space for tightening the nuts 123.

[0066] In order to achieve the purpose of locking the fixing rod 120 and the outer template assembly 110, the urban bridge prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap outer template system 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention, wherein the fixing rod 120 is an external thread rod with an external thread at least one end, and the external thread rod is threaded with a double nut 123, and the fixing rod 120 is slidably installed on the slide groove 112 through the external thread rod between the double nuts 123.

[0067] To ensure filling quality, the construction method for replacing the anti-collision wall in urban bridge defects provided in this embodiment of the invention involves uniformly applying expanding foam to the gaps on the inner side of the steel formwork 111 of the outer formwork assembly 110 when gaps appear between the steel formwork 111 and the precast anti-collision wall 140 and the beam 150. This ensures the foam fills the gaps completely, forming a sealed layer. Through the close-fitting positioning of the steel formwork 111 and the sealing treatment with expanding foam, leakage during the pouring of the filling material is effectively prevented, ensuring the compactness of the gap filling. Simultaneously, the use of conventional formwork for the inner formwork ensures the flatness of the poured surface and improves the overall load-bearing performance of the connection between the precast anti-collision wall 140 and the beam 150.

[0068] The present invention provides an external formwork system 100 for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of urban bridges, as well as a construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers on urban bridges. This invention addresses the key technical challenge of arranging the external formwork at the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier 140 and the beam 150 assembly, enabling rapid and safe replacement of damaged crash barriers on urban bridges and ensuring bridge operational safety and structural durability. To avoid the difficulty of hoisting the heavy beam 150, the construction method for replacing damaged crash barriers on urban bridges provided in this invention is not limited to replacing damaged crash barriers but is also applicable to the new prefabricated construction of prefabricated crash barriers.

[0069] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Obviously, the embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this invention are within the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make other modifications and variations to this invention. Therefore, if these modifications and variations of this invention fall within the scope of the claims of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges, characterized in that, include: The outer formwork assembly is fitted to the outer side of the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam across the assembly gap. The outer formwork assembly includes a steel formwork and two sets of upper and lower sliding grooves symmetrically welded to its inner side along the length direction. The fixing rods are multiple and are slidably installed in the two sets of grooves in two corresponding groups. The upper and lower sets of fixing rods are respectively vertically welded to the bottom steel bars of the precast anti-collision wall and the top steel bars of the beam. Reinforcing bars are welded along the bridge direction at the intersection of the bottom reinforcing bars of the fixed rod and the precast crash barrier, and at the intersection of the top reinforcing bars of the fixed rod and the beam.

2. The prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external template component also includes: The overlapping plate is vertically distributed at one end of the inner side of the steel formwork along one of its length directions. The overlapping plate is partially welded to the steel formwork and partially exposed at the end of the steel formwork.

3. The prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each set of chutes consists of multiple C-shaped steel sections welded at intervals onto a steel template, with the openings of the C-shaped steel sections facing inwards.

4. The prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each set of chutes is a single C-shaped steel section welded to a steel template, with the opening of the C-shaped steel section facing inward.

5. The prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the fixed rods includes a rod body and a screw welded parallel to one end. The screw is threaded with two nuts, and the fixed rod is slidably mounted on the groove via the screw between the two nuts.

6. The prefabricated anti-collision wall and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing rod is an externally threaded rod with external threads at least at one end, and two nuts are threadedly connected to the externally threaded rod. The fixing rod is slidably mounted on the slide groove through the externally threaded rod between the two nuts.

7. A method for replacing crash barriers on damaged urban bridges, characterized in that, The prefabricated crash barrier and beam assembly gap external formwork system for urban bridges, as described in any one of claims 1-6, includes: Cut and remove the damaged crash barriers on the beam of the urban bridge, leaving the top reinforcement of the beam; Before replacing the precast crash barrier, multiple fixing rods are slidably installed in the upper groove of the outer formwork assembly to form the upper fixing rod. The upper fixing rod is then welded to the bottom reinforcement of the precast crash barrier, so that the upper end of the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly fits against the outer side of the bottom of the precast crash barrier. Reinforcing bars are welded along the bridge direction at the intersection of the upper fixing rod and the bottom reinforcement of the precast crash barrier, so that the outer formwork assembly is installed at the bottom of the precast crash barrier. The prefabricated crash barrier with the external formwork assembly is hoisted as a whole to the top reinforcement of the beam, so that the lower end of the steel formwork of the external formwork assembly is attached to the outer side of the beam. Multiple fixing rods are slidably installed in the lower set of grooves of the outer formwork assembly along the bridge to form the lower set of fixing rods. The lower set of fixing rods are vertically welded to the top steel bars of the beam, so that the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly spans the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam and fits snugly on the outer side of the precast crash barrier and the beam, thus completing the support of the outer formwork system for the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam of the urban bridge. An inner formwork is installed on the inside of the assembly gap between the precast crash barrier and the beam, so that a closed filling space is formed between the inner formwork and the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly. The prefabricated crash barrier is integrated with the beam by pouring filling material into the filling space. After the filling material reaches the design strength, the inner formwork is removed, but the outer formwork system for the gap between the prefabricated crash barrier and the beam assembly of the urban bridge is not removed, thus completing the replacement construction of the defective crash barrier of the urban bridge.

8. The construction method for replacing the anti-collision wall of a damaged urban bridge according to claim 7, characterized in that, When gaps appear between the steel formwork of the outer formwork assembly and any part of the precast crash barrier and beam, apply expanding foam evenly to the gaps on the inside of the steel formwork to ensure that the expanding foam fills the gaps and forms a sealed layer.

9. The construction method for replacing the anti-collision wall of a damaged urban bridge according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filling material is a special filler or concrete.

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