A new self-anchored anchor rod and a reinforcing method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of self-anchored anchor rods, and discloses a novel self-anchored anchor rod and a reinforcing method thereof, which comprises a hollow anchor rod, an outer anchor head and an inner anchor head at the upper and lower ends of the anchor rod, and further comprises two sections of sleeves, which are combined by an upper section of sleeve, a lower section of sleeve and a circular base, and a plurality of holes for facilitating the outflow of slurry are formed in the side wall of the lower section of sleeve; the fan leaf is unfolded by the hollow anchor rod after being pulled, and is positioned by the clamping of the blocking ball and the limiting hole, so that the rebound of the fan leaf and the slippage of the anchor rod are effectively prevented, the contact area of the fan leaf and the rock-soil body is significantly increased, the pull-out resistance of the anchor rod is improved, the cement slurry and the xanthan gum composite liquid are used for grouting, the setting time is shortened, the high-strength anchoring structure is quickly formed, the anchor rod and the rock-soil body are tightly bonded into a whole, and the secondary grouting and the anchor sealing steps are additionally arranged in the pre-reinforcement, so that the overall performance of the anchor rod system is strengthened, and the efficient, stable and long-acting reinforcing effect of the rock-soil body is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of self-anchoring anchor technology, specifically a novel self-anchoring anchor and its reinforcement method. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of tunnels, foundation pits, slopes and other engineering projects, we often face unfavorable strata such as fractured rock masses, weak soil layers, and gravel layers, which are prone to collapse and difficult to drill. Self-anchored anchor bolts, as a type of rock and soil reinforcement component that can combine drilling, anchor bolt installation, grouting and other processes into one, can significantly improve the feasibility, reliability and efficiency of anchor bolt construction in complex strata. They provide efficient and economical technical support for conventional reinforcement and pre-reinforcement treatment of rock and soil masses. They are widely used in many engineering fields such as tunnels, slopes, and foundation pits, and are an indispensable core technology to ensure the safety and stability of engineering projects under complex geological conditions. Currently, self-anchoring anchors on the market are diversified, but existing self-anchoring anchors still have many defects and cannot meet the reinforcement needs of complex geological engineering. For example, firstly, their seismic and dynamic load performance is poor. Most existing self-anchoring anchors use a single mechanical anchor point, which is prone to loosening and slippage, leading to rapid loss of preload and anchor failure. Secondly, their durability and corrosion resistance are insufficient. Existing devices do not have effective anti-corrosion protection structures for key stress-bearing parts such as the anchor head and rod body. The anchor head and rod body are exposed to groundwater and corrosive soil media for a long time, making them prone to corrosion and damage, thus shortening the anchor's lifespan. The overall service life of the anchor rod is limited; thirdly, its adaptability is limited. Existing self-anchoring anchor rods are not designed with an adjustable length adaptation structure, and cannot flexibly adjust the anchoring range according to the hole depth. This makes it difficult to meet the pre-reinforcement requirements of different engineering scenarios. In addition, the hole cleaning materials and grouting materials that are used with existing anchor rods also have problems such as low cleaning efficiency, slow setting speed, poor crack resistance, and insufficient environmental protection, which further affect the construction quality and efficiency and limit the application of self-anchoring anchor rods in complex geological engineering. Therefore, a new type of self-anchoring anchor rod and its reinforcement method are proposed to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a novel self-anchoring anchor bolt and its reinforcement method.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a novel self-anchoring anchor bolt, comprising a hollow anchor bolt and outer anchor heads and inner anchor heads at its upper and lower ends, and further comprising: The two-section sleeve is composed of an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve and a circular base. The side wall of the lower sleeve has several holes to facilitate the flow of slurry, and the top of the circular base has three magnetic conical holes. A perforated circular plate, which is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod; A pad is slidably connected to the outside of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod, and the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod is provided with protrusions that cooperate with the pad. The snap-fit ​​assembly is disposed inside the upper sleeve and includes two sets of symmetrically arranged pull rods, blocking blocks and springs. An adjustment assembly, comprising four sets located at the lower end of the hollow anchor rod, includes a fan blade, a support rod, and a screw. The rotary fastener assembly engages with the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod. The rotary fastener assembly includes a cylinder, a button rod, a blocking rod, a sliding groove, a rectangular blocking plate, and a spring. The rotary fastener assembly is used to adjust the overall length of the device to adapt to construction holes of different depths.

[0005] Preferably, the hollow anchor rod is made of threaded steel material, the hollow anchor rod and the outer anchor head are integrally formed, the bottom end of the hollow anchor rod is threadedly connected to the inner anchor head, and the top end of the outer anchor head is fixedly connected to the anchor head shank; The upper section of the two-sleeve casing is made of high-density polyethylene or polypropylene, while the lower section of the two-sleeve casing and the circular casing base are made of ordinary steel.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom of the upper section of the two-section sleeve is provided with a protruding annular thin plate, and a circular hole with the same diameter as the hollow anchor rod is opened in the middle of the annular thin plate. The bottom of the annular thin plate is fixedly connected to a hollow tube. The outer wall of the lower end of the hollow tube has two symmetrical limiting holes, and the bottom of the hollow tube is in the shape of a trapezoidal annular opening.

[0007] Preferably, two positioning components are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the hollow anchor rod cavity. The positioning components include a spacer ball, a spacer block, and a spring. The spacer block is fixedly connected to the inside of the hollow anchor rod. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the spacer ball and the spacer block, respectively. The spacer ball penetrates the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod and engages with the limiting hole.

[0008] Preferably, the lower sleeve of the two sleeves has a limiting groove at its top, the bottom of the upper sleeve is engaged inside the limiting groove, and the lower sleeve is fixedly connected to the circular base. The hollow anchor rod has three conical heads fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner anchor head. The conical heads are magnetic and magnetically attracted to the conical holes of the circular base.

[0009] Preferably, the opposite ends of the two pull rods are triangular bevels, the blocking block is fixedly connected to the inside of the upper sleeve, the two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the pull rod and the blocking block respectively, and the end of the pull rod away from the pad passes through the outer wall of the two sleeves and extends to the outside of the two sleeves. Both ends of the pad are beveled. When the hollow anchor rod moves down, it causes the outer wall protrusion to abut against the top of the pad, and pushes the pad down to abut against the triangular bevel of the two tie rods.

[0010] Preferably, the groove is formed on the inner wall of the cylinder, the button rod is fixedly connected to the blocking rod, the blocking rod is slidably connected inside the groove, and the top of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod is provided with a square groove that matches the rectangular blocking plate.

[0011] Preferably, the top end of the button rod extends to the outside of the cylinder, the top of the rectangular baffle plate is provided with a stop rod fixedly connected to the button rod, the second spring is sleeved on the outside of the stop rod, and the two ends of the second spring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder and the bottom of the button rod, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the top end of the extension rod is movably connected to the inside of the hollow anchor rod, and the bottom end of the extension rod is slidably connected to the thick rod of the inner anchor head; Several screws are fixedly connected to the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod. The fan blade and the support rod are respectively hinged to the inner anchor head by screws at different positions. A slide rail is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the fan blade. A support ball is provided at the top of the cylinder and slidably connected inside the slide rail.

[0013] This application also proposes a novel self-anchoring anchor reinforcement method, the steps of which are as follows: S1. The conventional reinforcement drilling depth is 0.5 to 1.2 times the slope height. Hollow anchors are arranged in a rectangular or quincunx pattern. The pre-reinforcement drilling depth is set according to the design scheme. After drilling, both reinforcement schemes use bentonite slurry and guar gum composite liquid to clean the holes. The rheological regulation ability of biopolymers is used to improve cleaning efficiency and hole wall stability. S2. In both reinforcement methods, the lower section of the sleeve is placed into the cleaned hole, the hollow anchor rod is inserted into the upper section of the sleeve and rotated to connect with the inner anchor head. The upper section of the sleeve and the lower section of the sleeve are connected and fixed through the limiting groove. Then the conical head is magnetically attracted to the conical hole inside the circular base to fix the position of the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod. S3. In conventional reinforcement, pressing the anchor head handle moves the pad plate down and it is fixed by the snap-fit ​​component. In pre-reinforcement, the snap-fit ​​component is first snapped onto the top of the outer anchor of the hollow anchor rod, and then the pad plate is moved down and fixed by pressing the cylinder. Both methods complete the self-anchoring positioning of the outer anchor head. S4. For conventional reinforcement, pull the anchor head handle; for pre-reinforcement, pull the cylinder. Both methods drive the fan blades to unfold. After unfolding, the baffle ball is inserted into the limiting hole to fix the hollow anchor rod. Finally, inject cement grout mixed with xanthan gum into the hollow anchor rod. After the grout flows out from the perforated circular plate, pull out the tube. For pre-reinforcement, the swivel assembly needs to be disassembled, and secondary grouting and anchor sealing are performed.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention can flexibly adapt to both conventional and pre-reinforcement scenarios for soil and rock masses. For conventional reinforcement, the drilling depth is precisely set according to the slope height, and the hollow anchors are arranged in a rectangular or quincunx pattern to ensure uniform reinforcement. For pre-reinforcement, the hole depth can be flexibly adjusted according to the design scheme to meet the differentiated needs of different projects. The swivel assembly can be easily disassembled and the overall length of the device can be adjusted, adapting to construction holes of different depths and being reusable, thus reducing construction costs. During construction, the hollow anchors are quickly positioned by magnetic adsorption between the conical head and the circular base. After drilling, the holes are cleaned with a bentonite slurry and guar gum composite liquid, which greatly improves cleaning efficiency and hole wall stability, laying a good foundation for subsequent construction and improving the overall convenience and efficiency of construction.

[0015] This invention features high anchoring stability and durability, enabling long-term reinforcement of soil and rock masses. The hollow anchor rod, when pulled up, causes the fan blades to unfold, and the locking mechanism between the baffle ball and the limiting hole effectively prevents blade rebound and anchor slippage. This significantly increases the contact area between the fan blades and the soil and rock mass, enhancing the anchor rod's pull-out resistance. The grouting uses a cement grout mixed with xanthan gum, which shortens the setting time and quickly forms a high-strength anchoring structure, tightly bonding the anchor rod to the soil and rock mass. Furthermore, the pre-reinforcement process includes secondary grouting and sealing steps, further strengthening the overall performance of the anchor system and achieving efficient, stable, and long-term reinforcement of the soil and rock mass. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper sleeve of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the lower section of the sleeve of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow anchor rod in its initial state according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hollow anchor rod after pressing. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hollow anchor rod after it is lifted according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screw fastener assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screw fastener assembly of the present invention after being rotated 90 degrees; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the buckle assembly of the present invention when it is compressed; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the buckle assembly of the present invention in its normal state; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the empty tube section of the present invention; Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition ball and partition block of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fan blade assembly of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal anchor head structure of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fan blade assembly in the closed state of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the fan blade assembly in its unfolded state according to the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extension rod of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Hollow anchor bolt; 2. Two-section sleeve; 3. Perforated circular plate; 4. Pad plate; 5. Fan blade; 6. Support rod; 7. Conical head; 8. Limiting groove; 9. Tie rod; 10. Blocking block; 11. Empty pipe; 12. Limiting hole; 13. Spacer ball; 14. Support ball; 15. Screw; 16. Cylinder; 17. Anchor head handle; 18. Clip handle; 19. Slide rail; 20. Extension rod; 21. Button rod; 22. Blocking rod; 23. Slide groove; 24. Rectangular blocking plate; 25. Spacer block. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the present invention provides a novel self-anchoring anchor bolt, comprising a hollow anchor bolt 1 and outer anchor heads and inner anchor heads at its upper and lower ends, and further comprising: The two-section sleeve 2 is composed of an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve and a circular base. The side wall of the lower sleeve has several holes to facilitate the flow of slurry out of the holes, and the top of the circular base has three magnetic conical holes. A perforated circular plate 3 is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1; The pad 4 is slidably connected to the outside of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1, and the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod 1 is provided with protrusions that cooperate with the pad 4. The snap-fit ​​assembly is located inside the upper sleeve and includes two sets of symmetrically arranged pull rods 9, a blocking block 10, and a spring 1. The adjustment assembly consists of four sets located at the lower end of the hollow anchor rod 1. The adjustment assembly includes a fan blade 5, a support rod 6, and a screw 15. The rotary fastener assembly is engaged with the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1. The rotary fastener assembly includes a cylinder 16, a button rod 21, a blocking rod 22, a sliding groove 23, a rectangular blocking plate 24, and a spring 2. The rotary fastener assembly is used to adjust the overall length of the device to adapt to construction holes of different depths.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the hollow anchor rod 1 is made of threaded steel. The hollow anchor rod 1 and the outer anchor head are integrally formed. The bottom end of the hollow anchor rod 1 is threadedly connected to the inner anchor head, and the top end of the outer anchor head is fixedly connected to the anchor head shank 17. The upper section of the two-section sleeve 2 is made of high-density polyethylene or polypropylene, while the lower section of the two-section sleeve 2 and the circular sleeve base are made of ordinary steel.

[0021] The above-mentioned solution effectively enhances the overall structural strength of the anchor rod by integrally molding the hollow anchor rod 1 with the outer anchor head. The threaded connection between the hollow anchor rod 1 and the inner anchor head facilitates the installation, disassembly, and subsequent maintenance and replacement of the inner anchor head, improving construction convenience. Furthermore, differentiated materials are selected based on the functional requirements of each part of the two sleeve sections 2. The high-density polyethylene or polypropylene material of the upper sleeve section possesses excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and sealing performance, effectively protecting the internal snap-fit ​​components from soil and rock corrosion. The lower sleeve section and the circular base are made of ordinary steel, meeting the overall support and load-bearing requirements of the device while balancing corrosion resistance and structural stability, significantly extending the device's service life.

[0022] like Figure 3 , Figures 10 to 11 As shown, the upper section of the two sleeves 2 has a protruding annular thin plate at its bottom. The annular thin plate has a circular hole with the same diameter as the hollow anchor rod 1 in the middle. The bottom of the annular thin plate is fixedly connected to a hollow tube 11. The outer wall of the lower end of the hollow tube 11 has two symmetrical limiting holes 12. The bottom of the hollow tube 11 is trapezoidal. Two positioning components are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the hollow anchor rod 1. The positioning components include a partition ball 13, a partition block 25, and a spring 3. The partition block 25 is fixedly connected to the inside of the hollow anchor rod 1. The two ends of the spring 3 are fixedly connected to the partition ball 13 and the partition block 25, respectively. The partition ball 13 penetrates the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod 1 and engages with the limiting hole 12.

[0023] The above solution effectively reduces the resistance of the baffle ball 13 entering the hollow tube 11 by using a trapezoidal annular opening at the bottom of the hollow tube 11. This facilitates the smooth insertion of the baffle ball 13 into the limiting hole 12. The spring 3 provides continuous elastic force to the baffle ball 13, pushing it into the limiting hole 12 and quickly fixing the position of the hollow anchor rod 1 after it is pulled up. This ensures the stability of the inner anchor head pull-out structure, is easy to operate and reliable in fixing, and provides a solid guarantee for subsequent grouting construction.

[0024] like Figure 3 , Figures 8 to 9 As shown, the lower sleeve of the two sleeves 2 has a limiting groove 8 at the top, the bottom of the upper sleeve is engaged inside the limiting groove 8, the lower sleeve is fixedly connected to the circular base, and the bottom of the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1 is fixedly connected to three conical heads 7. The conical heads 7 are magnetic and magnetically attracted to the conical holes of the circular base.

[0025] The above solution is adopted: by opening a limiting groove 8 at the top of the lower sleeve, it can be precisely engaged with the bottom of the upper sleeve, thus achieving seamless connection between the two sleeves 2. This effectively ensures that the two sleeves 2 do not shake or shift during the insertion of the sleeves into the hole, thereby improving the integrity and stability of the overall structure of the two sleeves 2.

[0026] The two pull rods 9 each have a triangular bevel at one end. The blocking block 10 is fixedly connected inside the upper sleeve. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the pull rod 9 and the blocking block 10 respectively. The end of the pull rod 9 away from the pad 4 passes through the outer wall of the two sleeves 2 and extends to the outside of the two sleeves 2. Both ends of the pad 4 are bevels. When the hollow anchor rod 1 moves down, it causes the outer wall protrusion to abut against the top of the pad 4 and pushes the pad 4 down to abut against the triangular bevels of the two pull rods 9.

[0027] The above scheme is adopted: one end of the tie rod 9 is inclined, so that the pad 4 contacts the inclined surface of the tie rod 9 during the downward movement and generates a squeezing force, which pushes the tie rod 9 to move outward of the two sleeves 2 and compresses the spring 1. After the pad 4 moves to the bottom of the tie rod 9, the spring 1 loses the squeezing force and returns to its original position. At this time, the tie rod 9 is driven to retract inward, realizing the rapid fixation of the pad 4, thereby improving the anchoring effect and overall stability of the anchor rod.

[0028] like Figures 6 to 7As shown, the groove 23 is formed on the inner wall of the cylinder 16. The button rod 21 is fixedly connected to the blocking rod 22. The blocking rod 22 is slidably connected inside the groove 23. The top of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1 is provided with a square groove that matches the rectangular blocking plate 24. The top of the button rod 21 extends to the outside of the cylinder 16. The top of the rectangular blocking plate 24 is provided with a blocking rod that is fixedly connected to the button rod 21. The second spring is sleeved on the outside of the blocking rod, and the two ends of the second spring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 16 and the bottom of the button rod 21, respectively.

[0029] The above solution utilizes the second spring, which allows the button lever 21 to move upwards and reset under the force of the spring after the technician releases the pressure. This facilitates reuse and quick disassembly of the snap fastener assembly. The snap fastener assembly allows for flexible adjustment of the overall length of the device to accommodate construction holes of different depths. Additionally, the cylinder 16 can serve as a lifting handle, enabling operators to easily move the hollow anchor rod 1 upwards, effectively improving construction convenience and efficiency. Furthermore, the snap fastener assembly is reusable, reducing construction costs.

[0030] like Figures 12 to 16 As shown, the top end of the extension rod 20 is movably connected to the inside of the hollow anchor rod 1, the bottom end of the extension rod 20 is slidably connected to the thick rod of the inner anchor head, and several screws 15 are fixedly connected to the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1. The fan blade 5 and the support rod 6 are respectively hinged to the inner anchor head by screws 15 at different positions. A slide rail 19 is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the fan blade 5, and a support ball 14 is provided at the top end of the cylinder 16 and slidably connected to the inside of the slide rail 19.

[0031] The above scheme effectively restricts the initial state of the blade 5 by sliding the extension rod 20 with the inner anchor head thick rod, preventing the blade 5 from prematurely unfolding and colliding with or getting stuck in the hole when the hollow anchor rod 1 is lowered into the construction hole. This ensures that the hollow anchor rod 1 can be smoothly inserted into the hole. The screw 15 acts as a hinge shaft, enabling flexible connection between the blade 5, the support rod 6, and the inner anchor head, ensuring that the blade 5 and the support rod 6 can rotate smoothly. During the unfolding of the blade 5, the support ball 14 and the slide rail 19 provide guidance for the unfolding of the blade 5 and provide stable support after the blade 5 is fully unfolded, preventing the blade 5 from springing back and closing. This significantly increases the contact area between the blade 5 and the soil, thereby improving the pull-out resistance and anchoring stability of the anchor rod.

[0032] Working principle and usage process of this invention: First, for both conventional reinforcement and pre-reinforcement of soil and rock masses, it is necessary to use a professional drilling machine to carry out drilling operations at the construction site. In conventional reinforcement scenarios, the drilling depth is usually set to 0.5 to 1.2 times the slope height, and the hollow anchor rods 1 are arranged in a rectangular or quincunx pattern on the slope surface to ensure the uniformity and stability of the reinforcement. In pre-reinforcement, the hole depth is flexibly set according to the pre-reinforcement design scheme to meet the specific requirements of different projects for the pre-reinforcement depth. After drilling is completed, both methods use bentonite slurry plus guar gum composite liquid to clean the hole. This composite material, with the help of the rheological regulation ability of biopolymer, enhances the physical properties of traditional bentonite slurry, which can significantly improve cleaning efficiency, quickly remove impurities and debris in the hole, and enhance the stability of the hole wall. This creates a good hole environment for subsequent anchor installation and grouting operations, ensuring that the hollow anchor 1 can be successfully inserted and tightly bonded to the surrounding rock and soil. After the hole is cleaned, the lower sleeve is placed into the hole. Then, the hollow anchor rod 1 is inserted into the upper sleeve, and the hollow anchor rod 1 is connected to the inner anchor head by rotating the thread. Then, the upper sleeve is placed in. At this time, the protruding part at the bottom of the annular thin plate is inserted into the limiting groove 8, thereby realizing the initial connection and fixation between the upper sleeve and the lower sleeve. At the same time, the three conical heads 7 at the bottom of the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod 1 are magnetically attracted to the three conical holes of the circular base, thereby strengthening the connection and fixation effect between the hollow anchor rod 1 and the lower sleeve. In conventional reinforcement, technicians press the anchor handle 17 to move the hollow anchor rod 1 downward. After the hollow anchor rod 1 moves, it causes the outer wall protrusion to abut against the top of the pad 4 and pushes the pad 4 downward until the anchor handle 17 can no longer be pressed. At this time, the top of the pad 4 abuts against the bottom of the tie rod 9, thereby fixing the position of the pad 4. During pre-reinforcement, technicians first install a swivel assembly on the top of the outer anchor head. By aligning the rectangular baffle plate 24 with the square groove on the top of the outer anchor head, the rectangular baffle plate 24 is placed inside the outer anchor head. Then, the technicians press the button rod 21, which causes the baffle rod 22 to move down synchronously and slide along the track of the slide groove 23. Subsequently, under the guidance of the slide groove 23, the baffle rod 22 causes the button rod 21, the baffle rod, and the rectangular baffle plate 24 fixedly connected to its bottom to rotate 90 degrees, thereby changing the state of the rectangular baffle plate 24 and realizing the fixed connection between the swivel assembly and the hollow anchor rod 1. After the swivel assembly is engaged with the outer anchor head, the hollow anchor rod 1 is moved down by pressing the cylinder 16, which causes the pad plate 4 to move down synchronously until it can no longer be pressed. Finally, the pad plate 4 is fixed by the buckling device, completing the initial positioning and fixing of the hollow anchor rod 1 in the hole. After initial fixation, the anchor handle 17 is pulled upward during conventional reinforcement, and the cylinder 16 is pulled upward during pre-reinforcement. Both can drive the hollow anchor rod 1 to move upward as a whole. As the hollow anchor rod 1 moves upward, the thick part of the inner anchor rod remains stationary because the conical head 7 at the bottom of the inner anchor rod is magnetically attracted to the conical hole. At this time, as the hollow anchor rod 1 moves upward, the extension rod 20 will slide inside the hollow anchor rod 1. At the same time, one end of the fan blade 5 rotates and unfolds around the screw 15, and the support ball 14 at the top of the support rod 6 also slides inside the slide rail 19. When the hollow anchor rod 1 moves upward to the predetermined position, the support ball 14 slides to the end of the slide rail 19. At the same time, the partition ball 13 also gets stuck inside the limiting hole 12, thereby fixing the position of the hollow anchor rod 1 after it moves upward, so that the fan blade 5 remains unfolded, thereby increasing the contact area with the soil and rock and improving the pull-out resistance. After the hollow anchor rod 1 moves to the predetermined position, it will also drive the perforated circular plate 3 to the top, thus completing the final fixation of the anchor rod. Afterwards, the technicians insert the grouting pipe into the hollow anchor rod 1 and use cement grout and xanthan gum composite liquid to grout in the gap between the hollow anchor rod 1 and the hole of the perforated circular plate 3. This composite material can shorten the setting time and is conducive to the rapid formation of high-strength anchoring material, so that the hollow anchor rod 1 is tightly bonded to the surrounding rock and soil into a whole. When the grout flows out from above the perforated circular plate 3, it indicates that the conventional reinforcement grouting is completed. At this time, the grouting pipe is pulled out. During the pre-reinforcement process, after grouting is completed, the button rod 21 can be pressed down to rotate the rectangular baffle plate 24 in the opposite direction, thereby releasing the snap fastener assembly from the outer anchor head. After the technicians pull out the snap fastener assembly, secondary grouting is performed on the free section and the holes above the outer anchor head to ensure the overall performance and durability of the anchor system. For the holes in the non-pre-reinforced soil, cement grout and xanthan gum composite liquid are used for sealing. The good crack resistance and sealing performance are used to prevent external factors from eroding the anchor system, thereby achieving effective reinforcement of the rock and soil.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel self-anchoring anchor bolt, comprising a hollow anchor bolt (1) and outer anchor heads and inner anchor heads at its upper and lower ends, characterized in that: It also includes: Two-section sleeve (2), the two-section sleeve (2) is composed of an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve and a circular base. The side wall of the lower sleeve is provided with several holes to facilitate the flow of slurry. The top of the circular base is provided with three magnetic conical holes. A perforated circular plate (3) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod (1); Pad (4), the pad (4) is slidably connected to the outside of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod (1), and the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod (1) is provided with a protrusion that cooperates with the pad (4); The snap-fit ​​assembly is disposed inside the upper sleeve and includes two sets of symmetrically arranged pull rods (9), blocking blocks (10) and springs. The adjustment assembly is provided in four sets and is located at the lower end of the hollow anchor rod (1). The adjustment assembly includes a fan blade (5), a support rod (6) and a screw (15). The rotary fastener assembly is engaged with the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod (1). The rotary fastener assembly includes a cylinder (16), a button rod (21), a blocking rod (22), a sliding groove (23), a rectangular blocking plate (24), and a spring. The rotary fastener assembly is used to adjust the overall length of the device to adapt to construction holes of different depths.

2. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow anchor rod (1) is made of threaded steel material. The hollow anchor rod (1) is integrally formed with the outer anchor head. The bottom end of the hollow anchor rod (1) is threadedly connected to the inner anchor head. The top end of the outer anchor head is fixedly connected with the anchor head shank (17). The upper section of the two-sleeve (2) is made of high-density polyethylene or polypropylene, while the lower section of the two-sleeve (2) and the circular sleeve base are made of ordinary steel.

3. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper section of the two sleeves (2) is provided with a protruding annular thin plate at the bottom, and a circular hole with the same diameter as the hollow anchor rod (1) is opened in the middle of the annular thin plate. The bottom of the annular thin plate is fixedly connected to a hollow tube (11). The outer wall of the lower end of the hollow tube (11) has two symmetrical limiting holes (12). The bottom of the hollow tube (11) is in the shape of a trapezoidal ring.

4. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two positioning components are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the hollow anchor rod (1). The positioning components include a partition ball (13), a partition block (25) and a spring. The partition block (25) is fixedly connected to the inside of the hollow anchor rod (1). The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the partition ball (13) and the partition block (25) respectively. The partition ball (13) penetrates the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod (1) and engages with the limiting hole (12).

5. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower sleeve of the two sleeves (2) has a limiting groove (8) at the top, the bottom of the upper sleeve is engaged in the limiting groove (8), and the lower sleeve is fixedly connected to the circular base. The hollow anchor rod (1) has three conical heads (7) fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner anchor head. The conical heads (7) are magnetic and magnetically attracted to the conical holes of the circular base.

6. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two pull rods (9) are each triangularly inclined at one end. The blocking block (10) is fixedly connected to the inside of the upper sleeve. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the pull rod (9) and the blocking block (10) respectively. The end of the pull rod (9) away from the pad (4) passes through the outer wall of the two sleeves (2) and extends to the outside of the two sleeves (2). Both ends of the pad (4) are inclined. When the hollow anchor rod (1) moves down, it causes the outer wall protrusion to abut against the top of the pad (4) and pushes the pad (4) down to abut against the triangular inclined surface of the two tie rods (9).

7. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove (23) is opened on the inner wall of the cylinder (16). The button rod (21) is fixedly connected to the blocking rod (22). The blocking rod (22) is slidably connected inside the groove (23). The top of the outer anchor head of the hollow anchor rod (1) is provided with a square groove that matches the rectangular blocking plate (24).

8. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the button rod (21) extends to the outside of the cylinder (16). The top of the rectangular baffle plate (24) is provided with a stop rod that is fixedly connected to the button rod (21). The second spring is sleeved on the outside of the stop rod, and the two ends of the second spring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (16) and the bottom of the button rod (21), respectively.

9. The novel self-anchoring anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the hollow anchor rod (1) is movably connected to an extension rod (20), and the bottom end of the extension rod (20) is slidably connected to the thick rod of the inner anchor head. Several screws (15) are fixedly connected to the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod (1). The fan blade (5) and the support rod (6) are respectively hinged to the inner anchor head by screws (15) at different positions. A slide rail (19) is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the fan blade (5). A support ball (14) is provided at the top of the cylinder (16) and is slidably connected to the inside of the slide rail (19).

10. A novel self-anchoring anchor reinforcement method, applied to the novel self-anchoring anchor described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: S1. The conventional reinforcement drilling depth is 0.5 to 1.2 times the slope height. Hollow anchors (1) are arranged in a rectangular or quincunx pattern. The pre-reinforcement drilling depth is set according to the design scheme. After drilling, the holes are cleaned with bentonite slurry and guar gum composite liquid. The cleaning efficiency and hole wall stability are improved by using the rheological regulation ability of biopolymer. S2. In both reinforcement methods, the lower section of the sleeve is placed into the cleaned hole, the hollow anchor rod (1) is inserted into the upper section of the sleeve and rotated to connect with the inner anchor head. The upper section of the sleeve and the lower section of the sleeve are connected and fixed through the limiting groove (8). Then the conical head (7) is magnetically attracted to the conical hole inside the circular base to fix the position of the inner anchor head of the hollow anchor rod (1). S3. In conventional reinforcement, pressing the anchor head handle (17) drives the pad (4) to move down and be fixed by the buckle assembly. In pre-reinforcement, the buckle assembly is first attached to the top of the outer anchor rod of the hollow anchor rod (1), and then the pad (4) is moved down and fixed by pressing the cylinder (16). Both methods complete the self-anchoring positioning of the outer anchor head. S4. Conventional reinforcement pulls the anchor head handle (17), pre-reinforcement pulls the cylinder (16). Both methods drive the fan blade (5) to unfold. After unfolding, the baffle ball (13) is inserted into the limiting hole (12) to fix the hollow anchor rod (1). Finally, cement grout and xanthan gum composite liquid are injected into the hollow anchor rod (1). After the grout flows out from the perforated circular plate (3), the tube is pulled out. For pre-reinforcement, the swivel assembly needs to be disassembled and secondary grouting and anchor sealing are performed.

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