Lightweight ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance test platform

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of light weight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance test platform, including light weight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system, input or export gaseous ammonia to the storage tank to be tested by the ammonia supply and transportation system connected therewith;Light weight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is internally provided with multi-zone temperature monitoring system for real-time monitoring of temperature variation at different positions inside the storage tank;The light weight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is internally provided with internal gas circulation homogenization system for promoting gas flow inside the storage tank and improving temperature distribution;The control and safety protection system is used for real-time acquisition and regulation of storage tank internal pressure, liquid level, flow and temperature parameters, and safety pressure relief and protection under abnormal conditions;The present application can monitor and control the liquefaction process after ammonia is filled into the storage tank and the vaporization process when liquid ammonia is output, so as to test and analyze the temperature distribution, liquid level change, flow change and internal flow state during filling and discharging process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of liquid ammonia storage and filling performance testing devices, and in particular to a lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling performance testing platform. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia, as an important chemical raw material and energy carrier, possesses high storage and transportation value and broad application prospects. In recent years, with the development of clean energy storage and transportation technologies, ammonia has gradually become one of the important media in the field of energy storage and transfer due to its high volumetric hydrogen storage density, relatively mature industrial preparation and transportation system, and ease of liquefaction storage. Liquid ammonia can be liquefied and stored under appropriate pressure and temperature conditions, and can be converted back into a gaseous state for output under depressurization or endothermic conditions.

[0003] As a key piece of equipment for the filling, liquefaction, storage, and vaporization of ammonia, the structural safety, lightweight design, and thermodynamic response characteristics during filling and discharging significantly impact the overall system's operational efficiency and safety. During the process of ammonia filling and gradually liquefying into the tank, the internal temperature field, pressure field, and gas-liquid distribution undergo significant changes. Similarly, during the discharge and revaporization of liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia, localized temperature drops, phase interface migration, and changes in flow patterns occur within the tank. These processes directly affect not only the storage and discharge performance of liquid ammonia but also the stress state, sealing reliability, and thermal stability of the tank itself.

[0004] Most existing liquid ammonia storage tanks are based on conventional metal pressure-bearing structures. To meet pressure and sealing requirements, they typically employ thick metal walls, resulting in a large overall weight. This hinders platform integration, mobile deployment, and lightweight applications. Furthermore, traditional storage tanks often prioritize storage functionality in their structural design, with less consideration given to lightweight composite reinforcement structures, localized high-strength material replacement designs, and ammonia corrosion resistance protection. Consequently, it is difficult to balance the tank's load-bearing capacity, corrosion resistance, and overall weight reduction requirements.

[0005] Furthermore, existing liquid ammonia storage tanks or related testing equipment have relatively limited real-time monitoring capabilities for the evolution of the internal temperature field during the filling and discharging process. The filling and discharging process of liquid ammonia is inherently accompanied by significant heat and mass transfer and gas-liquid phase transitions. Significant temperature differences and spatial inhomogeneities often exist at different locations within the tank during the filling, liquefaction, storage, and vaporization stages. If effective monitoring of temperature changes in different areas within the tank is not possible, it is difficult to accurately reflect its internal thermal state and phase transition processes, and it is also detrimental to the quantitative analysis of filling and discharging performance.

[0006] Meanwhile, the gas flow state inside the storage tank also has a significant impact on the liquid ammonia filling and releasing process. During the filling stage, if the gaseous ammonia entering the tank directly can easily lead to concentrated flow, localized temperature drops, or localized phase transitions in certain areas, resulting in uneven temperature distribution. During the releasing stage, the vaporization of liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia can also easily lead to problems such as insufficient localized heat exchange, uneven gas phase distribution, and flow lag due to unreasonable internal airflow organization. Among existing testing platforms, there are relatively few devices that can actively regulate the airflow state inside the storage tank through a built-in gas circulation device, improve temperature uniformity, and assist in the study of phase transition processes.

[0007] In addition, current research on the filling and discharging performance of liquid ammonia storage tanks mainly focuses on inlet and outlet pressures, flow rates, and external operating parameters, while research on internal temperature changes, liquid level changes, internal flow control, and lightweight structures is still relatively insufficient.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform with a reasonable structural design that can take into account lightweight, corrosion resistance, safety and testing functions, so as to realize real-time monitoring and analysis of temperature changes, liquid level changes, flow rate changes and internal flow state during the filling and discharging process of liquid ammonia storage tank, and to provide experimental basis for the optimized design and performance evaluation of liquid ammonia storage and transportation equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention proposes a lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform, which can achieve lightweight design of liquid ammonia storage tank while real-time monitoring and control of the liquefaction process of ammonia after filling the tank and the vaporization process of liquid ammonia during output. This enables the testing and analysis of temperature distribution, liquid level change, flow rate change and internal flow state during the filling and discharging process of liquid ammonia storage tank.

[0010] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0011] A lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform includes a lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system (7) for accommodating the storage tank to be tested. Gaseous ammonia is input to or output to the storage tank to be tested by an ammonia supply and delivery system connected to the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is equipped with a multi-zone temperature monitoring system for real-time monitoring of temperature changes at different locations inside the storage tank. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is equipped with an internal gas circulation homogenization system for promoting gas flow inside the storage tank and improving temperature distribution. The control and safety protection system is used for real-time acquisition, display and regulation of pressure, liquid level, flow rate and temperature parameters inside the storage tank, and for safe pressure relief and protection under abnormal operating conditions.

[0012] The test platform uses the ammonia storage device (1) of the ammonia supply and transportation system as the external ammonia gas source. The ammonia supply and transportation system includes an ammonia supply unit (13), an inlet pipe (11), an outlet pipe (2), a solenoid valve, a flow meter, and a check valve. The ammonia supply unit is connected to the inlet end of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system via the inlet pipe. The outlet end of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is connected to the external receiving end via the outlet pipe.

[0013] An intake solenoid valve (12), an intake flow meter (10), and an intake check valve (9) are provided at the intake pipe. An exhaust solenoid valve (3), an exhaust flow meter (4), and an exhaust check valve (5) are provided on the exhaust pipe (2).

[0014] The inlet flow meter and the outlet flow meter are used to monitor the changes in the flow rate of the medium during the inlet and outlet processes, respectively. The inlet solenoid valve and the outlet solenoid valve are used to control the on / off state of the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline, respectively. The inlet check valve and the outlet check valve are used to prevent the medium in the pipeline from flowing back under pressure fluctuation conditions, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the entire platform during the filling and discharging process.

[0015] The ammonia storage device is connected to the ammonia supply unit. The ammonia supply unit first transports and regulates the ammonia gas entering the ammonia supply and transportation system, and then transports it to the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system through the air inlet pipeline.

[0016] The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is used to connect the outlet of gaseous ammonia to an external receiving end via a venting pipeline.

[0017] This ammonia supply and delivery system enables the stable filling of ammonia into the storage tank and the orderly extraction of gaseous ammonia from the storage tank.

[0018] The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is set on the platform base (15) and supported and fixed by the support base (16); a side-mounted bracket (14) is provided on one side of the platform base for installing the control unit (24) and related auxiliary components;

[0019] The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is the main storage tank structure of this invention, and its interior is used to realize the filling, liquefaction storage and vaporization process of ammonia gas during liquid ammonia output.

[0020] like Figure 2As shown, the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system includes a composite material winding reinforcement layer (25), a lightweight high-strength replacement structure (26), and an anti-corrosion internal protective layer (27). The composite material winding reinforcement layer is disposed on the outside of the storage tank body to improve the load-bearing capacity of the storage tank body. The lightweight high-strength replacement structure is disposed in the lightweight weight reduction area of ​​the storage tank body to reduce the overall weight of the storage tank and maintain structural strength. The anti-corrosion internal protective layer is disposed on the inner wall of the storage tank body to isolate the liquid ammonia medium from the main structural materials, thereby improving the internal corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the storage tank.

[0021] Through the synergistic design of composite material winding reinforcement layer, lightweight high-strength alternative structure and corrosion-resistant internal protective layer, the tank body can achieve lightweighting while meeting the requirements of pressure bearing, corrosion resistance and sealing.

[0022] The multi-zone temperature monitoring system includes a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, which includes at least three thermocouple probes and thermocouple support columns. The multiple thermocouple probes are arranged in a cross shape at different spatial positions inside the storage tank through corresponding thermocouple support columns to monitor the temperature changes of the top, middle and bottom areas of the storage tank in real time.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component (6) is installed inside the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, including multiple thermocouple probes (28) and thermocouple support columns (29). The thermocouple probes are fixed in different spatial positions inside the storage tank through the thermocouple support columns and are arranged in a cross-shaped manner.

[0024] The thermocouple probes are deployed at three temperature measurement points: the upper, middle, and bottom regions of the storage tank. These points are used to monitor temperature changes in the gas phase region at the top, the transition region in the middle, and the liquid phase region at the bottom, respectively. This cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring assembly enables real-time monitoring of temperature changes in different areas within the storage tank, thus accurately reflecting the temperature field distribution characteristics during ammonia filling, liquefaction storage, and liquid ammonia vaporization output.

[0025] The internal gas circulation homogenization system includes a built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure (17), a blade structure support (18), a central guide tube (22), a porous flow splitting structure (21), and a spiral guide vane (20).

[0026] The built-in gas circulation homogenizing blade structure is fixedly installed in the gas phase region inside the storage tank through the blade structure bracket; the central guide pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the storage tank inside the storage tank and is connected to the gas inlet pipe; the porous diversion structure is arranged at the central guide pipe to allow the ammonia gas entering the storage tank to be released into the storage tank from multiple positions; the spiral guide vane is arranged around the outside of the central guide pipe to guide the gas entering the storage tank to form a flow formed by the combined action of axial and circumferential directions;

[0027] When the test platform is working, ammonia gas enters the storage tank through the central guide pipe and is then dispersed and released to different areas of the tank through the porous diversion structure. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a uniform circulation flow is formed, thereby reducing local flow concentration, temperature stratification and local phase change inhomogeneity, and improving the uniformity of the temperature field and flow field distribution inside the storage tank.

[0028] The control and safety protection system includes a pressure sensor, a flap level gauge, a safety relief valve, and a control unit.

[0029] The pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure of the storage tank, the flap level gauge is used to monitor the internal liquid level of the storage tank, the control unit is electrically connected to the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, the pressure sensor, the flap level gauge and the flow meter respectively, and the safety pressure relief valve is set on the top of the storage tank for pressure relief protection under abnormal operating conditions.

[0030] The flapper level gauge (19) is installed on the side of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system to monitor the liquid ammonia level inside the tank in real time; the pressure sensor (8) is installed on the top of the tank to monitor the pressure change inside the tank in real time; the safety relief valve (23) is installed on the top of the tank to automatically open and release pressure when the pressure inside the tank reaches a preset value, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the test platform under abnormal conditions; the control unit (24) is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe (28), the pressure sensor (8), the flapper level gauge (19), the venting flow meter (4), and the inlet flow meter (10) to collect, process, and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, level, and flow rate during the test.

[0031] When the test platform is used for ammonia storage testing, the ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device is first delivered by the ammonia supply unit and then enters the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system through the air inlet pipe. After entering the storage tank, the ammonia gas is delivered through the central guide pipe and then dispersed and released to multiple locations inside the storage tank by the porous diversion structure. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a uniform airflow distribution is formed. As ammonia gas is continuously added, the temperature, pressure, and liquid level inside the storage tank gradually change. Under the conditions required by the test environment, the input ammonia gas is converted into liquid storage inside the storage tank. The cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component monitors the temperature changes in different areas inside the storage tank in real time, the flip-type liquid level gauge reflects the liquid level changes in real time, the pressure sensor provides real-time feedback on the internal pressure of the storage tank, and the control unit collects and regulates the system operation status based on the monitoring signals.

[0032] When the test platform is used for ammonia release testing, the venting solenoid valve on the venting pipeline is opened. The liquid ammonia inside the storage tank gradually vaporizes under the action of heat absorption and pressure difference, and is output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline. During the venting process, the venting flow meter monitors the output flow rate, the venting check valve prevents the external medium from flowing back into the storage tank, and the thermocouple probe continuously monitors the temperature change inside the storage tank, thereby realizing real-time testing and analysis of the liquid ammonia vaporization output process. If the pressure inside the storage tank rises abnormally, the safety relief valve (23) will automatically open to release pressure to ensure the safe operation of the platform.

[0033] When the test platform is used to test the ammonia filling and liquefaction, liquid ammonia storage and vaporization output process of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system, the test procedure includes the following steps;

[0034] Step 1: Connection check between the test platform and the tank system under test: Check the connection status of the ammonia storage device, ammonia supply unit, air inlet pipeline, air venting pipeline, lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion tank system, and each solenoid valve, check valve, flow meter, pressure sensor, flap level gauge and cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to confirm that the tank system under test is well sealed and ready for testing.

[0035] Step 2: Initial state test of lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system: Under non-ammonia filling conditions, record the initial temperature, initial pressure and initial liquid level of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, and check whether the tank body corresponding to the composite material winding reinforcement layer, lightweight high-strength replacement structure and anti-corrosion internal protective layer is in normal working condition, so as to serve as the initial benchmark for subsequent filling and discharging performance tests.

[0036] Step 3: Ammonia charging stage test: Turn on the ammonia supply unit to allow ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device to enter the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system through the air inlet pipeline; during the air inlet process, monitor the ammonia charging flow rate through the air inlet flow meter, monitor the internal pressure change of the storage tank through the pressure sensor, and monitor the temperature change of the top, middle and bottom areas of the storage tank through the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to record the temperature and pressure changes after the ammonia gas enters the storage tank;

[0037] Step 4: Liquefaction Stage Test: After ammonia enters the storage tank, it is transported through the central guide pipe and released to different areas inside the tank through a porous distribution structure. Simultaneously, the spiral guide vanes and built-in gas circulation homogenization blades create a circulating flow within the tank. As ammonia filling continues, the ammonia gradually liquefies under appropriate conditions. At this time, the liquid level is monitored by a flapper-type level gauge, and the temperature changes in each area are continuously recorded by a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to determine the temperature distribution changes, liquid level rise, and internal flow state changes during the liquefaction process.

[0038] Step 5: Steady-state storage stage test: After reaching the predetermined filling volume, the air inlet passage is closed, allowing the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system to enter a short-term storage state; during this step, monitoring data from the pressure sensor, the flap level gauge, and the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component are continuously collected to analyze the temperature change, liquid level change, and pressure stability of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system under static conditions, thereby evaluating the storage performance of the tank system under test;

[0039] Step 6: Ammonia Release Stage Test: According to the test requirements, open the venting solenoid valve on the venting pipeline to allow the liquid ammonia inside the storage tank to gradually vaporize under the action of heat absorption and pressure difference, and output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline; during the ammonia release process, the output flow rate is monitored by the venting flow meter, the pressure change inside the storage tank is monitored by the pressure sensor, and the temperature change at different locations inside the storage tank is monitored by the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, which is used to analyze the changes in flow rate, pressure and temperature during the vaporization and output of liquid ammonia;

[0040] Step 7: Test the effect of the internal gas circulation homogenization system: During the ammonia filling stage, liquefaction stage and ammonia release stage, record the temperature change, pressure change and liquid level change data inside the tank under the two states of working and non-working of the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, and compare the temperature distribution uniformity and gas flow state difference between the two states to evaluate the improvement effect of the internal gas circulation homogenization system on the gas distribution and temperature distribution inside the tank system under test.

[0041] Step 8: Safety protection status test: During the test, when the internal pressure of the storage tank approaches or exceeds the set threshold, the safety relief valve will provide pressure relief protection, and the pressure change before and after the safety relief valve is activated will be recorded to verify the safety protection function of the control and safety protection system for the storage tank system under test.

[0042] Step 9: Test Result Analysis: Based on the temperature, pressure, liquid level, and flow rate data collected during the ammonia filling stage, liquefaction stage, steady-state storage stage, ammonia release stage, and safety protection stage, the filling and releasing performance, temperature distribution changes, liquid level change patterns, and internal gas flow state of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system are analyzed to complete the filling and releasing performance test of the storage tank system under test.

[0043] This invention proposes a lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform, relating to the field of liquid ammonia storage and filling and discharging performance testing technology. It includes an ammonia supply and delivery system, a lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, a multi-zone temperature monitoring system, an internal gas circulation homogenization system, and a control and safety protection system. The ammonia supply and delivery system includes an ammonia supply unit, an inlet pipeline, a venting pipeline, a solenoid valve, a flow meter, and inlet / outlet check valves for regulating and controlling the filling and discharging of ammonia. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system adopts a multi-layer composite structure, including a composite material winding reinforcement layer, a lightweight high-strength replacement structure, and an anti-corrosion internal protective layer, achieving overall lightweighting while ensuring the tank's pressure-bearing capacity, corrosion resistance, and operational safety. The multi-zone temperature monitoring system is a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component. The invention utilizes thermocouple probes and support columns installed inside the storage tank to monitor temperature changes at different locations within the tank in real time, reflecting the temperature field characteristics during ammonia filling, liquefaction storage, and vaporization output. The internal gas circulation homogenization system includes a built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, blade structure support, central guide pipe, porous flow distribution structure, and spiral guide vanes. It promotes uniform gas flow within the tank through a combination of active disturbance and flow distribution, improving internal temperature distribution and the flow field state during gas-liquid conversion. The control and safety protection system includes pressure sensors, a flap-type level gauge, a safety relief valve, and a control unit. These are used to achieve real-time acquisition, display, and control of parameters such as pressure, level, flow rate, and temperature within the tank, and to provide safety relief and protection under abnormal operating conditions. This invention enables lightweight design of liquid ammonia storage tanks while simultaneously monitoring and controlling the ammonia filling, liquefaction, and vaporization output processes in real time, thereby allowing for testing and analysis of the liquid ammonia storage tank's filling and discharging performance, temperature distribution characteristics, and internal flow state.

[0044] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0045] 1. This invention, by setting up a lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, utilizes the synergistic design of composite material winding reinforcement layer, lightweight high-strength alternative structure and anti-corrosion internal protective layer to achieve lightweighting of the overall structure of the storage tank while ensuring the pressure bearing capacity, sealing performance and corrosion resistance performance of the storage tank, which facilitates the integrated layout of the testing platform and engineering applications.

[0046] 2. By setting up a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, the present invention can monitor the temperature changes in different areas such as the top, middle and bottom of the storage tank in real time, thereby accurately reflecting the temperature field change characteristics during the ammonia filling, liquefaction storage and liquid ammonia vaporization output process, and improving the testing capability of the internal thermal state and phase change process of the storage tank.

[0047] 3. By setting up an internal gas circulation homogenization system, and combining it with a built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a central guide pipe, a porous flow distribution structure, and a spiral guide vane, this invention can promote uniform gas flow inside the storage tank, improve uneven temperature distribution and local flow concentration, reduce temperature stratification and local fluctuations during the gas-liquid conversion process, and improve the stability and representativeness of the test results.

[0048] 4. The present invention can also monitor and regulate the flow rate, pressure, liquid level and temperature parameters of liquid ammonia storage tank in real time through the ammonia supply and transportation system and the control and safety protection system, and realize the safety protection under abnormal working conditions through the safety pressure relief valve, thereby realizing the safe, stable and test analysis of the filling and discharging performance of liquid ammonia storage tank. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0050] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] In the diagram: 1. Ammonia storage device; 2. Venting pipeline; 3. Venting solenoid valve; 4. Venting flow meter; 5. Venting check valve; 6. Cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component; 7. Lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. Inlet check valve; 10. Inlet flow meter; 11. Inlet pipeline; 12. Inlet solenoid valve; 13. Ammonia supply unit; 14. Side-mounted support; 15. Platform base; 16. Support base; 17. Built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure; 18. Blade structure support; 19. Flip-type level gauge; 20. Spiral guide vane; 21. Multi-hole diversion structure; 22. Central guide pipe; 23. Safety pressure relief valve; 24. Control unit; 25. Composite material winding reinforcement layer; 26. Lightweight high-strength replacement structure; 27. Anti-corrosion internal protective layer; 28. Thermocouple probe; 29. ​​Thermocouple support column. Detailed Implementation

[0054] As shown in the figure, a lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform includes a lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system 7 for accommodating the tank under test. An ammonia supply and delivery system connected to the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system inputs or outputs gaseous ammonia to the tank under test. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is equipped with a multi-zone temperature monitoring system for real-time monitoring of temperature changes at different locations inside the tank. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system also includes an internal gas circulation homogenization system to promote gas flow and improve temperature distribution within the tank. The control and safety protection system is used for real-time acquisition, display, and regulation of pressure, liquid level, flow rate, and temperature parameters inside the tank, and for safety pressure relief and protection under abnormal operating conditions.

[0055] The test platform uses the ammonia storage device 1 of the ammonia supply and transportation system as the external ammonia gas source. The ammonia supply and transportation system includes an ammonia supply unit 13, an inlet pipe 11, an outlet pipe 2, a solenoid valve, a flow meter, and a check valve. The ammonia supply unit is connected to the inlet end of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system via the inlet pipe, and the outlet end of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is connected to an external receiving end via the outlet pipe.

[0056] An intake solenoid valve 12, an intake flow meter 10, and an intake check valve 9 are installed in the intake pipe, and a venting solenoid valve 3, a venting flow meter 4, and a venting check valve 5 are installed on the venting pipe 2.

[0057] The inlet flow meter and the outlet flow meter are used to monitor the changes in the flow rate of the medium during the inlet and outlet processes, respectively. The inlet solenoid valve and the outlet solenoid valve are used to control the on / off state of the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline, respectively. The inlet check valve and the outlet check valve are used to prevent the medium in the pipeline from flowing back under pressure fluctuation conditions, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the entire platform during the filling and discharging process.

[0058] The ammonia storage device is connected to the ammonia supply unit. The ammonia supply unit first transports and regulates the ammonia gas entering the ammonia supply and transportation system, and then transports it to the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system through the air inlet pipeline.

[0059] The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is used to connect the outlet of gaseous ammonia to an external receiving end via a venting pipeline.

[0060] This ammonia supply and delivery system enables the stable filling of ammonia into the storage tank and the orderly extraction of gaseous ammonia from the storage tank.

[0061] The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is mounted on the platform base 15 and supported and fixed by the support base 16; a side-mounted bracket 14 is provided on one side of the platform base for installing the control unit 24 and related auxiliary components;

[0062] The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is the main storage tank structure of this invention, and its interior is used to realize the filling, liquefaction storage and vaporization process of ammonia gas during liquid ammonia output.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system includes a composite material winding reinforcement layer 25, a lightweight high-strength replacement structure 26, and an anti-corrosion internal protective layer 27. The composite material winding reinforcement layer is disposed on the outside of the storage tank body to improve the load-bearing capacity of the storage tank body. The lightweight high-strength replacement structure is disposed in the lightweight weight reduction area of ​​the storage tank body to reduce the overall weight of the storage tank while maintaining structural strength. The anti-corrosion internal protective layer is disposed on the inner wall of the storage tank body to isolate the liquid ammonia medium from the main structural materials, thereby improving the internal corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the storage tank.

[0064] Through the synergistic design of composite material winding reinforcement layer, lightweight high-strength alternative structure and corrosion-resistant internal protective layer, the tank body can achieve lightweighting while meeting the requirements of pressure bearing, corrosion resistance and sealing.

[0065] The multi-zone temperature monitoring system includes a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, which includes at least three thermocouple probes and thermocouple support columns. The multiple thermocouple probes are arranged in a cross shape at different spatial positions inside the storage tank through corresponding thermocouple support columns to monitor the temperature changes of the top, middle and bottom areas of the storage tank in real time.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component 6 is installed inside the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, including multiple thermocouple probes 28 and thermocouple support columns 29. The thermocouple probes are fixed to different spatial positions inside the storage tank through the thermocouple support columns and are arranged in a cross-shaped manner.

[0067] The thermocouple probes are deployed at three temperature measurement points: the upper, middle, and bottom regions of the storage tank. These points are used to monitor temperature changes in the gas phase region at the top, the transition region in the middle, and the liquid phase region at the bottom, respectively. This cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring assembly enables real-time monitoring of temperature changes in different areas within the storage tank, thus accurately reflecting the temperature field distribution characteristics during ammonia filling, liquefaction storage, and liquid ammonia vaporization output.

[0068] The internal gas circulation homogenization system includes a built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure 17, a blade structure support 18, a central guide pipe 22, a porous flow splitting structure 21, and a spiral guide vane 20.

[0069] The built-in gas circulation homogenizing blade structure is fixedly installed in the gas phase region inside the storage tank through the blade structure bracket; the central guide pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the storage tank inside the storage tank and is connected to the gas inlet pipe; the porous diversion structure is arranged at the central guide pipe to allow the ammonia gas entering the storage tank to be released into the storage tank from multiple positions; the spiral guide vane is arranged around the outside of the central guide pipe to guide the gas entering the storage tank to form a flow formed by the combined action of axial and circumferential directions;

[0070] When the test platform is working, ammonia gas enters the storage tank through the central guide pipe and is then dispersed and released to different areas of the tank through the porous diversion structure. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a uniform circulation flow is formed, thereby reducing local flow concentration, temperature stratification and local phase change inhomogeneity, and improving the uniformity of the temperature field and flow field distribution inside the storage tank.

[0071] The control and safety protection system includes a pressure sensor, a flap level gauge, a safety relief valve, and a control unit.

[0072] The pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure of the storage tank, the flap level gauge is used to monitor the internal liquid level of the storage tank, the control unit is electrically connected to the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, the pressure sensor, the flap level gauge and the flow meter respectively, and the safety pressure relief valve is set on the top of the storage tank for pressure relief protection under abnormal operating conditions.

[0073] The flap-type level gauge 19 is installed on the side of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system for real-time monitoring of the liquid ammonia level inside the tank. The pressure sensor 8 is installed on the top of the tank for real-time monitoring of pressure changes inside the tank. The safety relief valve 23 is installed on the top of the tank and automatically opens to release pressure when the internal pressure reaches a preset value, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the test platform under abnormal conditions. The control unit 24 is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe 28, pressure sensor 8, flap-type level gauge 19, venting flow meter 4, and inlet flow meter 10, and is used to collect, process, and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, level, and flow rate during the test.

[0074] When the test platform is used for ammonia storage testing, the ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device is first delivered by the ammonia supply unit and then enters the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system through the air inlet pipe. After entering the storage tank, the ammonia gas is delivered through the central guide pipe and then dispersed and released to multiple locations inside the storage tank by the porous diversion structure. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a uniform airflow distribution is formed. As ammonia gas is continuously added, the temperature, pressure, and liquid level inside the storage tank gradually change. Under the conditions required by the test environment, the input ammonia gas is converted into liquid storage inside the storage tank. The cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component monitors the temperature changes in different areas inside the storage tank in real time, the flip-type liquid level gauge reflects the liquid level changes in real time, the pressure sensor provides real-time feedback on the internal pressure of the storage tank, and the control unit collects and regulates the system operation status based on the monitoring signals.

[0075] When the test platform is used for ammonia release testing, the venting solenoid valve on the venting pipeline is opened. Under the action of heat absorption and pressure difference, the liquid ammonia inside the storage tank gradually vaporizes and is output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline. During the venting process, the venting flow meter monitors the output flow rate, the venting check valve prevents the external medium from flowing back into the storage tank, and the thermocouple probe continuously monitors the temperature change inside the storage tank, thereby realizing real-time testing and analysis of the liquid ammonia vaporization output process. If the pressure inside the storage tank rises abnormally, the safety pressure relief valve 23 automatically opens to release pressure, ensuring the safe operation of the platform.

[0076] When the test platform is used to test the ammonia filling and liquefaction, liquid ammonia storage and vaporization output process of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system, the test procedure includes the following steps;

[0077] Step 1: Connection check between the test platform and the tank system under test: Check the connection status of the ammonia storage device, ammonia supply unit, air inlet pipeline, air venting pipeline, lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion tank system, and each solenoid valve, check valve, flow meter, pressure sensor, flap level gauge and cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to confirm that the tank system under test is well sealed and ready for testing.

[0078] Step 2: Initial state test of lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system: Under non-ammonia filling conditions, record the initial temperature, initial pressure and initial liquid level of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, and check whether the tank body corresponding to the composite material winding reinforcement layer, lightweight high-strength replacement structure and anti-corrosion internal protective layer is in normal working condition, so as to serve as the initial benchmark for subsequent filling and discharging performance tests.

[0079] Step 3: Ammonia charging stage test: Turn on the ammonia supply unit to allow ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device to enter the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system through the air inlet pipeline; during the air inlet process, monitor the ammonia charging flow rate through the air inlet flow meter, monitor the internal pressure change of the storage tank through the pressure sensor, and monitor the temperature change of the top, middle and bottom areas of the storage tank through the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to record the temperature and pressure changes after the ammonia gas enters the storage tank;

[0080] Step 4: Liquefaction Stage Test: After ammonia enters the storage tank, it is transported through the central guide pipe and released to different areas inside the tank through a porous distribution structure. Simultaneously, the spiral guide vanes and built-in gas circulation homogenization blades create a circulating flow within the tank. As ammonia filling continues, the ammonia gradually liquefies under appropriate conditions. At this time, the liquid level is monitored by a flapper-type level gauge, and the temperature changes in each area are continuously recorded by a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to determine the temperature distribution changes, liquid level rise, and internal flow state changes during the liquefaction process.

[0081] Step 5: Steady-state storage stage test: After reaching the predetermined filling volume, the air inlet passage is closed, allowing the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system to enter a short-term storage state; during this step, monitoring data from the pressure sensor, the flap level gauge, and the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component are continuously collected to analyze the temperature change, liquid level change, and pressure stability of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system under static conditions, thereby evaluating the storage performance of the tank system under test;

[0082] Step 6: Ammonia Release Stage Test: According to the test requirements, open the venting solenoid valve on the venting pipeline to allow the liquid ammonia inside the storage tank to gradually vaporize under the action of heat absorption and pressure difference, and output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline; during the ammonia release process, the output flow rate is monitored by the venting flow meter, the pressure change inside the storage tank is monitored by the pressure sensor, and the temperature change at different locations inside the storage tank is monitored by the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, which is used to analyze the changes in flow rate, pressure and temperature during the vaporization and output of liquid ammonia;

[0083] Step 7: Test the effect of the internal gas circulation homogenization system: During the ammonia filling stage, liquefaction stage and ammonia release stage, record the temperature change, pressure change and liquid level change data inside the tank under the two states of working and non-working of the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, and compare the temperature distribution uniformity and gas flow state difference between the two states to evaluate the improvement effect of the internal gas circulation homogenization system on the gas distribution and temperature distribution inside the tank system under test.

[0084] Step 8: Safety protection status test: During the test, when the internal pressure of the storage tank approaches or exceeds the set threshold, the safety relief valve will provide pressure relief protection, and the pressure change before and after the safety relief valve is activated will be recorded to verify the safety protection function of the control and safety protection system for the storage tank system under test.

[0085] Step 9: Test Result Analysis: Based on the temperature, pressure, liquid level, and flow rate data collected during the ammonia filling stage, liquefaction stage, steady-state storage stage, ammonia release stage, and safety protection stage, the filling and releasing performance, temperature distribution changes, liquid level change patterns, and internal gas flow state of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system are analyzed to complete the filling and releasing performance test of the storage tank system under test.

[0086] Example:

[0087] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this example provides a lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform, including an ammonia storage device 1, a venting pipeline 2, a solenoid valve 3, a flow meter 4, a venting check valve 5, a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component 6, a lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system 7, a pressure sensor 8, an inlet check valve 9, a flow meter 10, an inlet pipeline 11, a solenoid valve 12, an ammonia supply unit 13, a side-mounted support 14, a platform base 15, a support base 16, a built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure 17, a blade structure support 18, a flap-type liquid level gauge 19, a spiral guide vane 20, a multi-hole diversion structure 21, a central guide pipe 22, a safety pressure relief valve 23, a control unit 24, a composite material winding reinforcement layer 25, a lightweight high-strength replacement structure 26, an anti-corrosion internal protective layer 27, a thermocouple probe 28, and a thermocouple support column 29.

[0088] The ammonia storage device 1 serves as an external ammonia gas source, connected to the ammonia supply unit 13. The ammonia supply unit 13 transports and regulates the ammonia gas entering the system, and then delivers it to the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system 7 via the inlet pipeline 11. The outlet of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system 7 is connected to an external receiving end via the vent pipeline 2. Through this ammonia supply and transportation system, stable filling of ammonia gas into the storage tank and orderly removal of gaseous ammonia from the storage tank can be achieved.

[0089] The intake pipe 11 is equipped with a solenoid valve 12, a flow meter 10, and an intake check valve 9. The venting pipe 2 is equipped with a solenoid valve 3, a flow meter 4, and a venting check valve 5. The flow meter 10 and the flow meter 4 are used to monitor the changes in the flow rate of the medium during the intake and venting processes, respectively. The solenoid valve 12 and the solenoid valve 3 are used to control the on / off state of the intake pipe 11 and the venting pipe 2. The intake check valve 9 and the venting check valve 5 are used to prevent the medium from flowing back under pressure fluctuations, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the entire platform during the filling and discharging process.

[0090] The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system 7 is mounted on the platform base 15 and supported and fixed by the support base 16. A side-mounted bracket 14 is located on one side of the platform base 15 and is used to install the control unit 24 and related auxiliary components. The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system 7 is the main storage tank structure of this invention, and its interior is used to realize the filling, liquefaction storage, and vaporization process of ammonia during liquid ammonia output.

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown, the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system 7 includes a composite material winding reinforcement layer 25, a lightweight high-strength replacement structure 26, and an anti-corrosion internal protective layer 27. The composite material winding reinforcement layer 25 is disposed on the outer side of the tank body to improve the circumferential and axial load-bearing capacity of the tank, reducing the overall weight increase caused by traditional thick-walled metal designs while ensuring pressure resistance. The lightweight high-strength replacement structure 26 is disposed in the weight-reduction area of ​​the tank body to replace some traditional metal materials, achieving weight reduction while maintaining local structural strength and rigidity. The anti-corrosion internal protective layer 27 is disposed on the inner wall of the tank body to isolate the liquid ammonia medium from the main structural materials, improving the internal corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the tank. Through the synergistic design of the composite material winding reinforcement layer 25, the lightweight high-strength replacement structure 26, and the anti-corrosion internal protective layer 27, the tank body achieves lightweighting while meeting pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and sealing requirements.

[0092] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component 6 is installed inside the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system 7, and includes multiple thermocouple probes 28 and thermocouple support columns 29. The thermocouple probes 28 are fixed to different spatial positions inside the storage tank by the thermocouple support columns 29 and are arranged in a cross-shaped manner. Preferably, the thermocouple probes 28 include at least three temperature measuring points located in the upper, middle, and bottom regions of the storage tank, so as to monitor the temperature changes in the gas phase region at the top, the transition region in the middle, and the liquid phase region at the bottom of the storage tank, respectively. Through this cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component 6, the temperature changes in different regions inside the storage tank can be monitored in real time, thereby accurately reflecting the temperature field distribution characteristics during the ammonia filling, liquefaction storage, and liquid ammonia vaporization output processes.

[0093] To improve the gas flow state inside the storage tank, this invention incorporates a built-in gas circulation homogenizing blade structure 17 inside the tank. This built-in gas circulation homogenizing blade structure 17 is fixedly installed in the gas phase region inside the tank via a blade structure support 18. A central guide pipe 22 is arranged axially inside the tank and connected to the inlet pipe 11. A porous diversion structure 21 is disposed on the central guide pipe 22 to allow ammonia gas entering the tank to be released into the tank at multiple locations. A spiral guide vane 20 is arranged around the outside of the central guide pipe 22 to guide the gas entering the tank, forming a flow created by the combined axial and circumferential effects. During operation, after entering the tank through the central guide pipe 22, ammonia gas is dispersed and released into different areas of the tank through the porous diversion structure 21. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vane 20 and the built-in gas circulation homogenizing blade structure 17, a uniform circulating flow is formed, thereby reducing local flow concentration, temperature stratification, and local phase transition inhomogeneity, and improving the uniformity of the temperature and flow field distribution inside the tank.

[0094] The flap-type level gauge 19 is installed on the side of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system 7 for real-time monitoring of the liquid ammonia level inside the tank. The pressure sensor 8 is installed on the top of the tank for real-time monitoring of internal pressure changes. The safety relief valve 23 is installed on the top of the tank and automatically opens to release pressure when the internal pressure reaches a preset value, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the test platform under abnormal conditions. The control unit 24 is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe 28, pressure sensor 8, flap-type level gauge 19, flow meter 4, and flow meter 10, and is used to collect, process, and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, level, and flow rate during the test.

[0095] In the actual test, ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device 1 is first supplied by the ammonia supply unit 13 and then enters the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system 7 through the air inlet pipe 11. After entering the storage tank, the ammonia gas is transported through the central guide pipe 22 and then dispersed and released to multiple locations inside the storage tank by the porous diversion structure 21. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vane 20 and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure 17, a uniform airflow distribution is formed. As ammonia gas is continuously added, the temperature, pressure, and liquid level inside the storage tank gradually change. Under appropriate conditions, ammonia gas can be converted into liquid and stored inside the storage tank. The cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component 6 monitors the temperature changes in different areas inside the storage tank in real time, the flip-type liquid level gauge 19 reflects the liquid level changes in real time, the pressure sensor 8 provides real-time feedback on the pressure inside the storage tank, and the control unit 24 collects and regulates the system operation status based on the monitoring signals.

[0096] When an ammonia release test is required, the solenoid valve 3 on the venting pipeline 2 is opened. The liquid ammonia inside the storage tank gradually vaporizes under the influence of heat absorption and pressure difference, and is output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline 2. During the venting process, the flow meter 4 monitors the output flow rate, the venting check valve 5 prevents external media from flowing back into the storage tank, and the thermocouple probe 28 continuously monitors the temperature changes inside the storage tank, thereby enabling real-time testing and analysis of the liquid ammonia vaporization process. If the pressure inside the storage tank abnormally increases, the safety relief valve 23 automatically opens to release pressure, ensuring the safe operation of the platform.

[0097] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent substitutions, improvements, and modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform, characterized in that: The system includes a lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system (7) for accommodating the storage tank under test. Gaseous ammonia is input to or output to the storage tank under test by an ammonia supply and delivery system connected to the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is equipped with a multi-zone temperature monitoring system for real-time monitoring of temperature changes at different locations inside the storage tank. The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is equipped with an internal gas circulation homogenization system for promoting gas flow inside the storage tank and improving temperature distribution. The control and safety protection system is used for real-time acquisition and regulation of pressure, liquid level, flow rate and temperature parameters inside the storage tank, and for safe pressure relief and protection under abnormal operating conditions.

2. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test platform uses the ammonia storage device (1) of the ammonia supply and transportation system as the ammonia gas source. The ammonia supply and transportation system includes an ammonia supply unit (13), an inlet pipe (11), an outlet pipe (2), a solenoid valve, a flow meter, and a check valve. The ammonia supply unit is connected to the inlet end of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system via the inlet pipe. The outlet end of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is connected to an external receiving end via the outlet pipe. An intake solenoid valve (12), an intake flow meter (10), and an intake check valve (9) are provided at the intake pipe. An exhaust solenoid valve (3), an exhaust flow meter (4), and an exhaust check valve (5) are provided on the exhaust pipe (2). The inlet flow meter and the outlet flow meter are used to monitor the changes in the flow rate of the medium during the inlet and outlet processes, respectively. The inlet solenoid valve and the outlet solenoid valve are used to control the on / off state of the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline, respectively. The inlet check valve and the outlet check valve are used to prevent the medium in the pipeline from flowing back under pressure fluctuation conditions. The ammonia storage device is connected to the ammonia supply unit. The ammonia supply unit first transports and regulates the ammonia gas entering the ammonia supply and transportation system, and then transports it to the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system through the air inlet pipeline. The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is used to connect the outlet of gaseous ammonia to an external receiving end via a venting pipeline.

3. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system is set on the platform base (15) and supported and fixed by the support base (16); a side-mounted bracket (14) is provided on one side of the platform base for installing the control unit (24) and related auxiliary components; The lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is used to realize the filling, liquefaction storage, and vaporization process of ammonia during liquid ammonia output.

4. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system includes a composite material winding reinforcement layer (25), a lightweight high-strength replacement structure (26), and an anti-corrosion internal protective layer (27). The composite material winding reinforcement layer is disposed on the outside of the storage tank body to improve the load-bearing capacity of the storage tank body. The lightweight high-strength replacement structure is disposed in the lightweight weight reduction area of ​​the storage tank body to reduce the overall weight of the storage tank and maintain structural strength. The anti-corrosion internal protective layer is disposed on the inner wall of the storage tank body to isolate the liquid ammonia medium from the main structural materials, thereby improving the internal corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the storage tank.

5. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multi-zone temperature monitoring system includes a cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, which includes multiple thermocouple probes and thermocouple support columns. The multiple thermocouple probes are arranged in a cross shape at different spatial positions inside the storage tank through corresponding thermocouple support columns to monitor the temperature changes of the top, middle and bottom areas of the storage tank in real time.

6. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component (6) is installed inside the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, including multiple thermocouple probes (28) and thermocouple support columns (29). The thermocouple probes are fixed in different spatial positions inside the storage tank through the thermocouple support columns and are arranged in a cross-shaped manner. The thermocouple probes are deployed at three temperature measurement points located in the upper, middle, and bottom regions of the storage tank, respectively, to monitor temperature changes in the gas phase region at the top, the transition region in the middle, and the liquid phase region at the bottom of the storage tank.

7. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The internal gas circulation homogenization system includes a built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure (17), a blade structure support (18), a central guide tube (22), a porous flow splitting structure (21), and a spiral guide vane (20). The built-in gas circulation homogenizing blade structure is fixedly installed in the gas phase region inside the storage tank through the blade structure bracket; the central guide pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the storage tank inside the storage tank and is connected to the gas inlet pipe; the porous diversion structure is arranged at the central guide pipe to allow the ammonia gas entering the storage tank to be released into the storage tank at multiple locations; the spiral guide vane is arranged around the outside of the central guide pipe to guide the gas entering the storage tank to form a flow with both axial and circumferential components. When the test platform is working, ammonia gas enters the storage tank through the central guide pipe and is then dispersed and released to different areas of the tank through the porous diversion structure. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a uniform circulation flow is formed, thereby reducing local flow concentration, temperature stratification and local phase change inhomogeneity, and improving the uniformity of the temperature field and flow field distribution inside the storage tank.

8. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control and safety protection system includes a pressure sensor, a flap level gauge, a safety relief valve, and a control unit. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure of the storage tank, the flap level gauge is used to monitor the internal liquid level of the storage tank, the control unit is electrically connected to the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, the pressure sensor, the flap level gauge and the flow meter respectively, and the safety pressure relief valve is set on the top of the storage tank for pressure relief protection under abnormal operating conditions. The flapper level gauge (19) is installed on the side of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system to monitor the liquid ammonia level inside the tank in real time; the pressure sensor (8) is installed on the top of the tank to monitor the pressure change inside the tank in real time; the safety relief valve (23) is installed on the top of the tank to automatically open and release pressure when the pressure inside the tank reaches a preset value, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the test platform under abnormal conditions; the control unit (24) is electrically connected to the thermocouple probe (28), the pressure sensor (8), the flapper level gauge (19), the venting flow meter (4), and the inlet flow meter (10) to collect, process, and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, level, and flow rate during the test.

9. The lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the test platform is used for ammonia storage testing, the ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device is first delivered by the ammonia supply unit and then enters the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system through the air inlet pipe. After entering the storage tank, the ammonia gas is delivered through the central guide pipe and then dispersed and released to multiple locations inside the storage tank by the porous diversion structure. Under the combined action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, a uniform airflow distribution is formed. As ammonia gas is continuously added, the temperature, pressure, and liquid level inside the storage tank gradually change. Under the conditions required by the test environment, the input ammonia gas is converted into liquid storage inside the storage tank. The cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component monitors the temperature changes in different areas inside the storage tank in real time, the flip-type liquid level gauge reflects the liquid level changes in real time, the pressure sensor provides real-time feedback on the internal pressure of the storage tank, and the control unit collects and regulates the system operation status based on the monitoring signals. When the test platform is used for ammonia release testing, the venting solenoid valve on the venting pipeline is opened. The liquid ammonia inside the storage tank gradually vaporizes under the action of heat absorption and pressure difference, and is output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline. During the venting process, the venting flow meter monitors the output flow rate, the venting check valve prevents the external medium from flowing back into the storage tank, and the thermocouple probe continuously monitors the temperature change inside the storage tank, thereby realizing real-time testing and analysis of the liquid ammonia vaporization output process. If the pressure inside the storage tank rises abnormally, the safety pressure relief valve (23) automatically opens to release pressure, so as to ensure the safe operation of the platform.

10. A lightweight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance testing platform according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the test platform is used to test the ammonia filling and liquefaction, liquid ammonia storage and vaporization output process of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system, the test process includes the following steps; Step 1: Connection check between the test platform and the tank system under test: Check the connection status of the ammonia storage device, ammonia supply unit, air inlet pipeline, air venting pipeline, lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion tank system, and each solenoid valve, check valve, flow meter, pressure sensor, flap level gauge and cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to confirm that the tank system under test is well sealed and ready for testing. Step 2: Initial state test of lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system: Under non-ammonia filling conditions, record the initial temperature, initial pressure and initial liquid level of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system, and check whether the tank body corresponding to the composite material winding reinforcement layer, lightweight high-strength replacement structure and anti-corrosion internal protective layer is in normal working condition, so as to serve as the initial benchmark for subsequent filling and discharging performance tests. Step 3: Ammonia charging stage test: Turn on the ammonia supply unit to allow ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device to enter the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system through the air inlet pipeline; during the air inlet process, monitor the ammonia charging flow rate through the air inlet flow meter, monitor the internal pressure change of the storage tank through the pressure sensor, and monitor the temperature change of the top, middle and bottom areas of the storage tank through the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component to record the temperature and pressure changes after the ammonia gas enters the storage tank; Step 4: Liquefaction Stage Test: After ammonia enters the storage tank, it is transported through the central guide pipe and released to different areas inside the tank through the porous diversion structure. At the same time, under the action of the spiral guide vanes and the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, the gas inside the storage tank forms a circulating flow. As ammonia filling continues, the ammonia gradually liquefies. At this time, the liquid level change is monitored by the flap-type liquid level gauge, and the temperature change of each area is continuously recorded by the cross-shaped multi-area temperature monitoring component to determine the temperature distribution changes, liquid level rise, and internal flow state changes during the liquefaction process. Step 5: Steady-state storage stage test: After reaching the predetermined filling volume, the air inlet passage is closed, allowing the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system to enter a short-term storage state; during this step, monitoring data from the pressure sensor, the flap level gauge, and the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component are continuously collected to analyze the temperature change, liquid level change, and pressure stability of the lightweight composite reinforced anti-corrosion storage tank system under static conditions, thereby evaluating the storage performance of the tank system under test; Step 6: Ammonia Release Stage Test: According to the test requirements, open the venting solenoid valve on the venting pipeline to allow the liquid ammonia inside the storage tank to gradually vaporize under the action of heat absorption and pressure difference, and output as gaseous ammonia through the venting pipeline; during the ammonia release process, the output flow rate is monitored by the venting flow meter, the pressure change inside the storage tank is monitored by the pressure sensor, and the temperature change at different locations inside the storage tank is monitored by the cross-shaped multi-zone temperature monitoring component, which is used to analyze the changes in flow rate, pressure and temperature during the vaporization and output of liquid ammonia; Step 7: Test the effect of the internal gas circulation homogenization system: During the ammonia filling stage, liquefaction stage and ammonia release stage, record the temperature change, pressure change and liquid level change data inside the tank under the two states of working and non-working of the built-in gas circulation homogenization blade structure, and compare the temperature distribution uniformity and gas flow state difference between the two states to evaluate the improvement effect of the internal gas circulation homogenization system on the gas distribution and temperature distribution inside the tank system under test. Step 8: Safety protection status test: During the test, when the internal pressure of the storage tank approaches or exceeds the set threshold, the safety relief valve will provide pressure relief protection, and the pressure change before and after the safety relief valve is activated will be recorded to verify the safety protection function of the control and safety protection system for the storage tank system under test. Step 9: Test Result Analysis: Based on the temperature, pressure, liquid level, and flow rate data collected during the ammonia filling stage, liquefaction stage, steady-state storage stage, ammonia release stage, and safety protection stage, the filling and releasing performance, temperature distribution changes, liquid level change patterns, and internal gas flow state of the lightweight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system are analyzed to complete the filling and releasing performance test of the storage tank system under test.

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