Vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of cryogenic pressure vessel, in particular to a vacuum insulated cryogenic pressure vessel, which comprises a horizontal inner container and a shell sleeved outside the inner container, an insulating layer is formed between the shell and the inner container, one side of the shell is provided with a vacuum extraction port communicated with the insulating layer and an injection port communicated with the inner container, and the vacuum insulated cryogenic pressure vessel further comprises a driving adjusting mechanism, a magnetic attraction heat transfer mechanism and an overfilling prevention mechanism; the driving adjusting mechanism is arranged on the side of the shell far from the vacuum extraction port, and the driving adjusting mechanism partially extends into the insulating layer. The magnetic attraction heat transfer mechanism is driven to rotate and adjust by the driving adjusting mechanism, the heat transfer position is self-adaptively adjusted according to the liquid level height in the inner container, the heat transfer is stable, the gasification area is controlled near the liquid surface, the bubble floating path is shortened, the overmuch gas generated by the chain heat exchange between the long-distance floating bubble and the cryogenic liquid is avoided, the stable and controllable pressure growth in the inner container is ensured, and the safety of the pressurization process and the utilization rate of the cryogenic liquid are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cryogenic pressure vessel technology, specifically to a vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessels are specialized equipment used for the safe storage and transportation of liquefied gases with extremely low boiling points (such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquefied natural gas, etc.). Their core feature is a double-layer structure, with a high vacuum evacuated between the layers and insulated materials to minimize heat transfer and maintain a cryogenic environment (typically below -150°C) inside the vessel. This ensures the contents are stored stably under a certain pressure. Cryogenic pressure vessels typically have a pressurization structure to ensure the contents can be easily extracted during use.

[0003] For example, Chinese utility model patent application number 201621240338.5 discloses a rapid pressurization device for cryogenic liquid storage tanks. This pressurization device features a novel pressurization pipeline design, is easy to use, and greatly improves the pressurization speed. However, this type of pressurization mechanism requires the cryogenic liquid to be exported to the outside for heat exchange, which can easily affect the static storage state and stability inside the container.

[0004] For example, Chinese invention patent application number 202211311306.X discloses a pressurization device for a cryogenic container and a cryogenic container. This pressurization device achieves heat transfer between the outer shell and the inner container through a heat-conducting component, and increases the pressure inside the inner container by vaporizing the medium, eliminating the need to export the contents to the outside for heat exchange. However, the pressurization device is fixed in location and cannot be adaptively adjusted according to changes in liquid level, resulting in unstable heat transfer efficiency at different liquid levels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0007] A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel includes a horizontal inner liner and an outer shell fitted over the inner liner, with an insulating interlayer formed between the outer shell and the inner liner. One side of the outer shell has a vacuum port communicating with the insulating interlayer and an injection port communicating with the inner liner. The vessel also includes a drive adjustment mechanism, a magnetic heat transfer mechanism, and an overfill prevention mechanism. The drive adjustment mechanism is located on the side of the outer shell away from the vacuum port, and a portion of the drive adjustment mechanism extends into the insulating interlayer. The magnetic heat transfer mechanism is mounted on the drive adjustment mechanism and is used to vaporize the cryogenic liquid inside the inner liner to achieve pressurization. The drive adjustment mechanism drives the magnetic heat transfer mechanism to rotate around the inner liner to adapt to changes in the liquid level inside the inner liner. The overfill prevention mechanism is located on the inner wall of the inner liner on the side away from the vacuum port.

[0008] Preferably, the drive adjustment mechanism includes a Z-shaped component and a drive device; the Z-shaped component is integrally formed from a rotating part, a connecting part, and a mounting part; the rotating part is rotatably mounted through the side of the outer shell and extends along the axial direction of the inner liner; both the connecting part and the mounting part are located within the insulation interlayer, with the connecting part extending radially along the inner liner and the mounting part extending axially along the inner liner; the magnetic heat transfer mechanism is disposed on the mounting part; the drive device is disposed on the outer side of the outer shell and is used to drive the rotating part to rotate.

[0009] Preferably, the magnetic heat transfer mechanism includes an arc-shaped heat transfer plate, a flexible hose, a return spring, and an electromagnet block; one end of the return spring is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting part, and the other end is fixed to the arc-shaped heat transfer plate, and the return spring extends radially along the inner liner; a heat transfer cavity is formed inside the arc-shaped heat transfer plate; the Z-shaped component is a hollow body sealed at both ends, the flexible hose passes through the return spring, and one end communicates with the inner cavity of the mounting part, and the other end communicates with the heat transfer cavity; a guide component is provided inside the Z-shaped component for supplying the heat transfer medium to the flexible hose; an electromagnet block is embedded on the surface of the arc-shaped heat transfer plate facing the inner liner; a magnetic metal ring corresponding to the position of the electromagnet block is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the inner liner, and magnetically engages with the electromagnet block; when the electromagnet block is not energized, the return spring pulls the arc-shaped heat transfer plate towards the mounting part due to its elastic force, so that there is a gap between the arc-shaped heat transfer plate and the outer wall of the inner liner, thereby achieving heat insulation.

[0010] Preferably, the flow guide is an inlet pipe; the inlet pipe is disposed in the inner cavity of the Z-shaped component, and one end is connected to the hose, while the other end extends through and out from the outer end of the rotating part.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the inlet pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the hose, and the corresponding end of the inlet pipe is inserted into the hose; the outer wall of the inlet pipe, the inner wall of the hose, and the inner wall of the Z-shaped component together form a return channel; the end of the rotating part located outside the housing is connected to a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is connected to the return channel.

[0012] Preferably, the driving device includes a drive motor, a main gear, and a driven gear; the drive motor is fixed to the outer side of the housing via a motor mount; the main gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft end of the drive motor; the driven gear is fixedly fitted onto the outside of the rotating part and meshes with the main gear.

[0013] Preferably, a level gauge is vertically installed inside the inner liner to monitor the liquid level inside the inner liner; a controller is installed on one side of the outer shell to receive signals from the inner liner; the drive motor and the electromagnet are both controlled by the controller.

[0014] Preferably, the overfill prevention mechanism includes an annular guide seat, an outer sleeve, a telescopic rod, and a support spring; the annular guide seat is fixed to the inner wall of the inner liner, and the outer sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the annular guide seat and is slidably sealed to the annular guide seat; the outer sleeve and the annular guide seat are coaxially arranged and both extend along the axial direction of the inner liner; the telescopic rod is distributed along the axial direction of the inner liner, with one end fixed to the inner wall of the inner liner and the other end fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the support spring is fitted onto the outside of the telescopic rod, with one end fixed to the inner wall of the inner liner and the other end fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve.

[0015] Preferably, a safety valve is provided on one side of the outer shell for automatically releasing pressure when the pressure inside the inner liner reaches the safety upper limit.

[0016] Preferably, a drain outlet is provided on one side of the outer shell, and an outlet pipe communicating with the drain outlet is provided inside the inner liner; the outlet pipe is a soft pipe, and its length is configured such that its free end can reach the bottom of the inner liner when the inner liner is at the minimum allowable working liquid level; the drain outlet is connected to the outlet pipe through a valve body.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0018] This invention drives the magnetic heat transfer mechanism to rotate and adjust through a driving adjustment mechanism, so that the heat transfer position is adaptively adjusted according to the liquid level in the inner tank, maintaining stable heat transfer, controlling the vaporization area near the liquid surface, shortening the upward path of bubbles, avoiding excessive gas generation caused by long-distance upward floating of bubbles and chain heat exchange with the cryogenic liquid, ensuring stable and controllable pressure increase in the inner tank, improving the safety of the pressurization process and the utilization rate of the cryogenic liquid.

[0019] This invention incorporates an overfill prevention mechanism, which not only acts as a limiting structure to prevent overfilling but also provides dynamic pressure buffering and compensation. When the pressure inside the inner tank increases, the outer sleeve moves under pressure, reducing its overall volume and providing a buffer space for the internal pressure. This helps to share the pressure relief load of the safety valve and work together to quickly regulate the pressure within a safe range. When the pressure drops due to drainage, the elastic restoring force of the support spring pushes the outer sleeve back to its original position, increasing its overall volume and causing the pressure inside the inner tank to rise again. This mechanism helps maintain the stable pressure required for drainage and reduces the frequency of pressurization operations.

[0020] This invention, by setting an inlet pipe, forms a continuous return channel within the flexible tube and Z-shaped component. This allows the externally introduced heat transfer medium to flow through the heat transfer cavity to complete heat exchange, and then return and be discharged through the return channel, realizing a forced convection loop. This ensures that heat is continuously and unidirectionally introduced into the heat transfer wall of the inner liner, while quickly removing the medium that has absorbed cold energy, preventing the accumulation of cold energy in the insulation layer, which would affect heat transfer efficiency and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure on one side of the outer shell;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure on the other side of the outer shell;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial internal structure of the inner liner;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial structure in this invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drive adjustment mechanism in this invention;

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the structural connection between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe and the Z-shaped component;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-overfilling mechanism in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple magnetic heat transfer mechanisms arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner liner.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 11. Vacuum port; 12. Injection port; 13. Discharge port; 131. Valve body; 132. Discharge pipe; 133. Outlet pipe; 14. Safety valve; 2. Inner liner; 21. Insulation jacket; 22. Magnetic metal ring; 3. Level gauge; 4. Drive adjustment mechanism; 41. Z-shaped component; 411. Rotating part; 412. Connecting part; 413. Mounting part; 42. Drive device; 421. Drive motor; 422. Main gear; 423. Driven gear; 5. Magnetic heat transfer mechanism; 51. Arc-shaped heat transfer plate; 511. Heat transfer chamber; 52. Hose; 53. Return spring; 54. Electromagnetic block; 6. Inlet pipe; 601. Return channel; 61. Drain pipe; 7. Overfill prevention mechanism; 71. Annular guide seat; 72. Outer sleeve; 73. Telescopic rod; 74. Support spring; 8. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:

[0033] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below. Those skilled in the art can implement this invention using various other specific embodiments based on the content disclosed herein. Any modifications or alterations made to the design structure and concept of this invention fall within the protection scope of this invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Please see Figures 1-10 This invention provides a vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel, which is a horizontal vessel comprising an outer shell 1, an inner liner 2, a drive adjustment mechanism 4, and a magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5. The outer shell 1 is fitted over the inner liner 2, and the outer shell 1 and the inner liner 2 are fixedly connected by a support member, forming an insulating interlayer 21 between them. The support member is typically made of a low thermal conductivity material (such as fiberglass), ensuring the structural strength of the connection between the outer shell 1 and the inner liner 2 while minimizing heat transfer between them. A high reflectivity film (such as an aluminized polyester film, not shown in the figure) is wound around the outer wall of the inner liner 2, which efficiently blocks radiative heat transfer by reflecting radiative heat.

[0038] A vacuum port 11 and an injection port 12 are provided on one side of the outer shell 1. The vacuum port 11 is connected to the insulation interlayer 21 and is also connected to an external vacuum pump (not shown in the figure) via a pipe. The vacuum pump can evacuate the insulation interlayer 21 to a vacuum, eliminating gas convection and conduction heat transfer. The injection port 12 is used to inject cryogenic liquid into the inner liner 2 for storage. In addition, a discharge port 13 is provided on one side of the outer shell 1, and an outlet pipe 133 connected to the discharge port 13 is provided inside the inner liner 2. The outlet pipe 133 is a flexible pipe, and its length is configured so that its free end can reach the bottom of the inner tank 2 when the inner tank 2 is at the minimum allowable working liquid level. Even if the liquid level in the inner tank 2 is low, the cryogenic liquid can be discharged normally. The outlet 13 is connected to the discharge pipe 132 through the valve body 131. When the cryogenic liquid is needed, the valve body 131 is adjusted to be open. Under the action of internal pressure, the cryogenic liquid in the inner tank 2 flows into the discharge pipe 132 through the outlet pipe 133 and the valve body 131, and is finally discharged through the discharge pipe 132, and can then be used.

[0039] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the drive adjustment mechanism 4 is located on the side of the outer shell 1 away from the vacuum port 11, and part of the drive adjustment mechanism 4 extends into the insulation interlayer 21. The magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 is located on the drive adjustment mechanism 4 and is used to vaporize the cryogenic liquid in the inner liner 2 to achieve pressurization in the inner liner 2. The drive adjustment mechanism 4 is used to drive the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 to rotate around the inner liner 2 to adapt to changes in the liquid level in the inner liner 2.

[0040] By driving the adjustment mechanism 4 to contact the outer wall of the inner liner 2, heat transfer is achieved, causing the local cryogenic liquid corresponding to the position inside the inner liner 2 to vaporize. The gas formed after vaporization is mainly concentrated above the liquid surface inside the inner liner 2, which increases the pressure inside the inner liner 2 and ensures that there is sufficient pressure inside the inner liner 2 for the discharge of the remaining cryogenic liquid.

[0041] As the cryogenic liquid in the inner liner 2 is consumed, the liquid level in the inner liner 2 also drops. The magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 is driven to rotate around the axis of the inner liner 2 by the driving adjustment mechanism 4. When the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 rotates and adjusts, its height changes, thereby ensuring that the height of the heat transfer area of ​​the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 is adaptively adjusted according to the change of the cryogenic liquid level in the inner liner 2, and ensuring that the heat transfer efficiency is stable and consistent under different liquid levels.

[0042] A safety valve 14 is also provided on one side of the outer shell 1. When the pressure inside the inner liner 2 reaches the upper limit of safety, the safety valve 14 can automatically release pressure to ensure that the pressure inside the inner liner 2 is always maintained within a safe range.

[0043] If the heat transfer device is placed directly at the lowest point of the container, it can adapt to changes in the liquid level inside the container. However, since the heat transfer position is far below the liquid surface, the bubbles generated by vaporization will have residual heat. During their long upward floating path, the bubbles will continuously exchange heat with the cryogenic liquid along the way, resulting in a large amount of unexpected gas. This causes the pressure inside the container to rise rapidly and uncontrollably, which is difficult to predict and control. This wastes the stored cryogenic liquid and threatens the stable and safe operation of the system.

[0044] This invention drives the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 to rotate and adjust around the inner liner 2 through the driving adjustment mechanism 4, so that the heat transfer area generated by the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 always matches the liquid surface. This allows for dynamic and precise control of the liquid heat transfer vaporization area within a small range at the liquid surface, shortening the bubble rising path and limiting heat transfer vaporization to a preset area. This makes the amount of gas generated controllable and stable, avoiding the risk of pressure runaway, improving the utilization rate of cryogenic liquids, and forming an adaptive pressurization mechanism with stable pressure at different liquid levels.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Please see Figures 5-8This embodiment is used to provide a detailed description of the drive adjustment mechanism 4 and the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 in Embodiment 1, as follows:

[0047] The drive adjustment mechanism 4 includes a Z-shaped component 41 and a drive device 42. The Z-shaped component 41 is integrally formed by a rotating part 411, a connecting part 412 and a mounting part 413. The rotating part 411 is rotatably mounted on the side of the outer shell 1 and extends along the axial direction of the inner liner 2. The rotating part 411 has a circular cross section and is mechanically sealed with the outer shell 1 to ensure the airtightness of the heat insulation interlayer 21 during vacuuming. The specific sealing method adopts existing conventional technology.

[0048] Both the connecting part 412 and the mounting part 413 are located within the heat insulation interlayer 21. The connecting part 412 extends radially along the inner liner 2, and the mounting part 413 extends axially along the inner liner 2. The magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 is mounted on the mounting part 413, and the driving device 42 is located on the outer side of the outer shell 1. The driving device 42 includes a drive motor 421, a main gear 422, and a driven gear 423. The drive motor 421 is fixed to the outer side of the outer shell 1 by a motor mount. The main gear 422 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft end of the drive motor 421. The driven gear 423 is fixedly fitted on the outside of the rotating part 411 and meshes with the main gear 422.

[0049] When the drive motor 421 is working, its output shaft drives the main gear 422 to rotate. Under the meshing transmission action of the main gear 422 and the driven gear 423, the rotating main gear 422 can drive the rotating part 411, the connecting part 412 and the mounting part 413 to rotate as a whole, so that the mounting part 413 and the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 on it can rotate and adjust around the inner liner 2, providing a stable drive for the position adjustment of the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 includes an arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51, a flexible hose 52, a return spring 53, and an electromagnet block 54. One end of the return spring 53 is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting part 413, and the other end is fixed to the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51. The return spring 53 extends radially along the inner liner 2. A heat transfer cavity 511 is provided inside the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51. The Z-shaped component 41 is a hollow body sealed at both ends. The flexible hose 52 passes through the return spring 53, with one end communicating with the inner cavity of the mounting part 413 and the other end communicating with the heat transfer cavity 511. A guide is provided inside the Z-shaped component 41 to supply the heat transfer medium to the flexible hose 52.

[0051] An electromagnet block 54 is embedded on the side of the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 facing the inner liner 2. A magnetic metal ring 22 is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the inner liner 2 at the position corresponding to the position of the electromagnet block 54, which magnetically engages with the electromagnet block 54. When the electromagnet block 54 is not energized, the return spring 53 pulls the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 towards the mounting part 413 due to its elastic force, so that there is a gap between the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 and the outer wall of the inner liner 2, thereby achieving heat insulation. The curvature of the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 matches the curvature of the outer wall of the inner liner 2. When the electromagnet block 54 is magnetically attracted to the magnetic metal ring 22, the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 can be tightly attached to the outer wall of the inner liner 2.

[0052] The heat transfer medium can be a liquid or a gas. In this application, the heat transfer medium is preferably a gas. Specifically, the guide element is an inlet pipe 6, which is disposed within the inner cavity of the Z-shaped component 41. One end of the inlet pipe 6 is connected to the flexible hose 52, and the other end extends through the outer end of the rotating part 411 and connects to an external air supply device (a fan, not shown in the figure). The diameter of the inlet pipe 6 is smaller than the inner diameter of the flexible hose 52. The corresponding end of the inlet pipe 6 is inserted into the flexible hose 52. The outer wall of the inlet pipe 6, the inner wall of the flexible hose 52, and the inner wall of the inner cavity of the Z-shaped component 41 together form a return channel 601. Figure 8 As shown, the rotating part 411 is connected to the drain pipe 61 at the end outside the housing 1, and the drain pipe 61 is connected to the return channel 601.

[0053] The flexible hose 52 has the ability to expand and contract to adapt to the positional changes of the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51. The diameter of the inlet pipe 6 is smaller than that of the flexible hose 52. Combined with the small deformation of the flexible hose 52, a drainage gap can be continuously formed between the outer wall of the inlet pipe 6 and the inner wall of the flexible hose 52.

[0054] Furthermore, since the insulation interlayer 21 is a vacuum environment, the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 installed in the insulation interlayer 21 will not transfer heat when it is not in contact with the inner liner 2 (there is no air in the insulation interlayer 21 as a heat transfer medium); and the area on the outer wall of the inner liner 2 that is in contact with the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 is not provided with a high reflectivity film, so that the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 can directly contact the outer wall of the inner liner 2 for heat transfer. The area where the high reflectivity film is not provided is small, and the radiant heat can be ignored.

[0055] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0056] The main gear 422 drives the Z-shaped component 41 to rotate to the desired position (the position where the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 matches the liquid surface inside the inner tank 2). The electromagnet block 54 is energized, generating a magnetic attraction effect. Under the magnetic attraction of the magnetic metal ring 22, it overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 53 (the return spring 53 is compressed and stores energy), causing the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 to tightly adhere to the outer wall of the inner tank 2, thus forming an effective contact heat transfer surface. Subsequently, the fan operates to introduce external air into the inlet pipe 6, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown by the solid arrow in the figure, external air is blown into the hose 52 and the heat transfer chamber 511 through the inlet pipe 6. The temperature of the external air is higher than the temperature of the cryogenic liquid in the inner liner 2. The heat is directly transferred by the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 and the inner liner 2, so that the cryogenic liquid in the corresponding local area is heated and vaporized, thereby achieving pressurization in the inner liner 2.

[0057] The temperature of the gas absorbing cold energy in the heat transfer cavity 511 decreases. As the fan continuously supplies external airflow, the gas that has participated in heat transfer in the heat transfer cavity 511 flows back to the other end of the Z-shaped component 41 through the return channel 601. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown by the dotted arrow in the diagram, the heat is eventually discharged through the drain pipe 61. This allows the external heat transfer medium to undergo continuous forced convection heat exchange in a closed path, enabling heat to be continuously introduced from the outside into the wall of the inner liner 2. At the same time, the medium that has absorbed cold and cooled down is smoothly discharged, avoiding the accumulation of cold energy in the vacuum jacket and ensuring the stability, controllability and efficiency of the pressurization process.

[0058] Two electromagnet blocks 54 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the heat transfer cavity 511. Similarly, two magnetic metal rings 22 are also provided, with their positions corresponding to the electromagnet blocks 54. The symmetrical magnetic attraction effect ensures a high degree of adhesion between the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 and the inner liner 2, improving heat transfer stability. A pressure sensor (using existing technology, not shown in the figure) is installed inside the inner liner 2 to monitor the pressure inside the inner liner 2. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the inner liner 2 has increased to the required pressure range, the electromagnet blocks 54 are de-energized, the magnetic attraction effect disappears, and under the elastic force of the return spring 53, the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 can be reset, causing the arc-shaped heat transfer plate 51 to separate from the inner liner 2, thus canceling the heat transfer pressurization.

[0059] It is worth noting that, such as Figure 10As shown, multiple magnetic heat transfer mechanisms 5 can also be installed on the mounting part 413. At the same time, the same number of inlet pipes 6 are arranged in the inner cavity of the Z-shaped part 41. The connection method of each inlet pipe 6 is the same as described above. Each inlet pipe 6 is connected to an external air supply device (fan), and an independent valve is installed on each inlet pipe 6 to independently supply heat transfer medium to each magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5. By setting multiple magnetic heat transfer mechanisms 5 on the outside of the inner liner 2, multiple heat transfer hot spots are formed. Combined with the independent supply of heat transfer medium to each magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5, the appropriate number and position of magnetic heat transfer mechanisms 5 can be selected according to actual needs to heat transfer and vaporize the cryogenic liquid in the inner liner 2.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 Based on the aforementioned embodiments, a liquid level gauge 3 is also vertically installed inside the inner liner 2 to monitor the liquid level height inside the inner liner 2. A controller 8 is installed on one side of the outer shell 1 to receive the signal fed back by the inner liner 2. The drive motor 421 and the electromagnet block 54 are both controlled by the controller 8. The pressure sensor inside the inner liner 2 is electrically connected to the controller 8.

[0062] The liquid level in the inner tank 2 is monitored in real time by the level gauge 3 and the signal is transmitted to the controller 8. At the same time, the pressure sensor in the inner tank 2 also feeds back the pressure signal to the controller 8. The controller 8 automatically controls the start and stop of the drive motor 421 based on the liquid level and pressure data, so that the drive motor 421 drives the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 to rotate by a corresponding amount, ensuring that the heat transfer position of the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 corresponds and matches the liquid level in the inner tank 2. The matching calculation technology of the height of the magnetic heat transfer mechanism 5 along the circumferential path and the liquid level is adopted by existing conventional technology, which will not be described in detail in this application. At the same time, the controller 8 also controls the electromagnet block 54 to turn on and off to realize the contact or separation between the arc heat transfer plate 51 and the wall of the inner tank 2, thereby realizing closed-loop adaptive adjustment of the pressurization position and process.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 9 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is as follows:

[0065] An overfill prevention mechanism 7 is provided on the inner wall of the inner liner 2 on the side away from the vacuum port 11. The overfill prevention mechanism 7 includes an annular guide seat 71 and an outer sleeve 72. The annular guide seat 71 is fixed on the inner wall of the inner liner 2, and the outer sleeve 72 is fitted on the outside of the annular guide seat 71. The outer sleeve 72 and the annular guide seat 71 are arranged coaxially and both extend along the axial direction of the inner liner 2.

[0066] The ring guide seat 71 and the outer sleeve 72 form a cylindrical structure. It occupies a certain space on one side inside the inner liner 2, which serves to prevent overfilling and limits the maximum capacity of the container to hold cryogenic liquid, thus preventing safety risks caused by overfilling of cryogenic liquid.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] Please see Figure 9 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that:

[0069] The outer sleeve 72 and the annular guide seat 71 are connected by a sliding seal, that is, the outer sleeve 72 has the ability to move left and right along the axis of the inner liner 2 on the annular guide seat 71. At the same time, the outer sleeve 72 and the annular guide seat 71 are sealed to ensure that the outer sleeve 72 can move while preventing liquid in the inner liner 2 from entering the annular guide seat 71 and the inner sleeve 72. The specific sealing method adopts existing conventional technology, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0070] The overfill prevention mechanism 7 also includes a telescopic rod 73 and a support spring 74. The telescopic rod 73 is distributed along the axial direction of the inner liner 2, with one end fixed to the inner wall of the inner liner 2 and the other end fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 72. The support spring 74 is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod 73, with one end fixed to the inner wall of the inner liner 2 and the other end fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 72.

[0071] When the inner liner 2 is filled with cryogenic liquid, when the cryogenic liquid in the inner liner 2 reaches the preset amount, the pressure on the outer sleeve 72 cannot overcome the pre-tightening force of the support spring 74. At this time, the outer sleeve 72 remains in a fixed position, thereby limiting the container from further accommodating liquid and achieving mechanical protection against overfilling.

[0072] When the inner liner 2 is pressurized, as the pressure increases, the outer sleeve 72 moves axially under the pressure, causing the telescopic rod 73 to retract and the support spring 74 to be compressed. This action reduces the overall effective volume of the ring guide seat 71 and the outer sleeve 72, thereby buffering the pressure in the inner liner 2, sharing the pressure relief load of the safety valve 14, and working together to quickly regulate the pressure within a safe range.

[0073] When the cryogenic liquid in the inner liner 2 is continuously output and the pressure drops, the support spring 74 uses its elastic restoring force to push the outer sleeve 72 to move in the opposite direction, which increases the overall volume of the buffer mechanism and causes the pressure in the inner liner 2 to rise. This mechanism helps to maintain the stable pressure required for drainage and reduces the frequency of pressurization operation.

[0074] The control method of the present invention is automatic control through controller 8. The control program of controller 8 can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Therefore, the present invention will not explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

[0075] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel, comprising a horizontal inner liner (2) and an outer shell (1) fitted outside the inner liner (2), wherein an insulating interlayer (21) is formed between the outer shell (1) and the inner liner (2), and one side of the outer shell (1) is provided with a vacuum port (11) communicating with the insulating interlayer (21) and an injection port (12) communicating with the inner liner (2), characterized in that: It also includes a drive adjustment mechanism (4), a magnetic heat transfer mechanism (5), and an overfill prevention mechanism (7). The drive adjustment mechanism (4) is located on the side of the outer shell (1) away from the vacuum port (11), and the drive adjustment mechanism (4) extends into the insulation interlayer (21). The magnetic heat transfer mechanism (5) is installed on the drive adjustment mechanism (4) to vaporize the cryogenic liquid inside the inner liner (2) to achieve pressurization inside the inner liner (2); The drive adjustment mechanism (4) is used to drive the magnetic heat transfer mechanism (5) to rotate around the inner liner (2) to adapt to changes in the liquid level inside the inner liner (2); The overfill prevention mechanism (7) is located on the inner wall of the inner liner (2) on the side away from the vacuum port (11).

2. The vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive adjustment mechanism (4) includes a Z-shaped component (41) and a drive device (42). The Z-shaped component (41) is integrally formed from a rotating part (411), a connecting part (412), and a mounting part (413); The rotating part (411) is rotatably mounted on the side of the outer shell (1) and extends along the axial direction of the inner liner (2); The connecting part (412) and the mounting part (413) are both located within the heat insulation interlayer (21), and the connecting part (412) extends radially along the inner liner (2), while the mounting part (413) extends axially along the inner liner (2). The magnetic heat transfer mechanism (5) is mounted on the mounting part (413); The drive device (42) is located on the outer side of the housing (1) and is used to drive the rotating part (411) to rotate.

3. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetic heat transfer mechanism (5) includes an arc-shaped heat transfer plate (51), a flexible hose (52), a return spring (53), and an electromagnet block (54). One end of the reset spring (53) is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting part (413), and the other end is fixed to the arc-shaped heat transfer plate (51). The reset spring (53) extends radially along the inner liner (2). The arc-shaped heat transfer plate (51) has a heat transfer cavity (511) inside. The Z-shaped component (41) is a hollow body sealed at both ends. The hose (52) passes through the reset spring (53), and one end is connected to the inner cavity of the mounting part (413), while the other end is connected to the heat transfer cavity (511). The Z-shaped component (41) is provided with a flow guide for supplying the heat transfer medium into the hose (52); An electromagnet block (54) is embedded on the side surface of the arc-shaped heat transfer plate (51) facing the inner liner (2). A magnetic metal ring (22) is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the inner liner (2) at a position corresponding to the position of the electromagnet block (54), and magnetically attracted to the electromagnet block (54). When the electromagnet block (54) is not powered on, the reset spring (53) pulls the arc-shaped heat transfer plate (51) to the side of the mounting part (413) due to its elastic force, so that there is a gap between the arc-shaped heat transfer plate (51) and the outer wall of the inner liner (2) to achieve heat insulation.

4. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow guide is the inlet pipe (6); The inlet pipe (6) is disposed inside the cavity of the Z-shaped part (41), and one end is connected to the hose (52), while the other end extends through and out from the outer end of the rotating part (411).

5. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the inlet pipe (6) is smaller than the inner diameter of the hose (52), and the corresponding end of the inlet pipe (6) is inserted into the hose (52); The outer wall of the inlet pipe (6), the inner wall of the hose (52), and the inner wall of the cavity of the Z-shaped component (41) together form a return channel (601). The rotating part (411) is connected to the drain pipe (61) at the end outside the outer shell (1), and the drain pipe (61) is connected to the return channel (601).

6. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive device (42) includes a drive motor (421), a main gear (422), and a driven gear (423). The drive motor (421) is fixed to the outer side of the housing (1) by a motor mount; The main gear (422) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft end of the drive motor (421); The driven gear (423) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the rotating part (411) and meshes with the main gear (422).

7. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that: A level gauge (3) is vertically installed inside the inner liner (2) to monitor the liquid level inside the inner liner (2); A controller (8) is provided on one side of the outer shell (1) for receiving signals fed back from the inner liner (2); Both the drive motor (421) and the electromagnet block (54) are controlled by the controller (8).

8. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overfill prevention mechanism (7) includes an annular guide seat (71), an outer sleeve (72), a telescopic rod (73), and a support spring (74). The annular guide seat (71) is fixed on the inner wall of the inner liner (2), and the outer sleeve (72) is fitted on the outside of the annular guide seat (71) and is slidably sealed to the annular guide seat (71). The outer sleeve (72) and the annular guide seat (71) are arranged coaxially and both extend along the axial direction of the inner liner (2); The telescopic rod (73) is distributed along the axial direction of the inner liner (2), and one end is fixed to the inner side wall of the inner liner (2), while the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (72). The support spring (74) is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod (73), with one end fixed to the inner wall of the inner liner (2) and the other end fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (72).

9. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A safety valve (14) is provided on one side of the outer shell (1) for automatically depressurizing when the pressure inside the inner liner (2) reaches the safety limit.

10. A vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell (1) is provided with a drain outlet (13) on one side, and the inner liner (2) is provided with an outlet pipe (133) that communicates with the drain outlet (13). The outlet tube (133) is a soft tube, the length of which is configured such that its free end can reach the bottom of the inner liner (2) when the inner liner (2) is at the minimum allowable working liquid level; The outlet (13) is connected to the discharge pipe (132) via the valve body (131).

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