Miniature vacuum cold box and method of installation

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of gas separation and liquefaction equipment, and discloses a micro vacuum cold box and a mounting method, wherein the cold box comprises a cold box shell, an air separation device and a head assembly, the cold box shell is composed of a first shell and a second shell which are oppositely arranged and are in a split structure; the head assembly comprises a first head and a second head which are oppositely arranged and are connected with the first shell and the second shell respectively; and the air separation device is arranged in the first shell and is connected with the first shell and the first head respectively. The split shell structure can complete the pre-installation of the air separation device in the first shell, effectively solves the problem of narrow space and difficult installation operation of a traditional integrated shell, does not need to enlarge the section size of the cold box, can reduce material consumption and production cost, can reduce the equipment volume and improve transportation convenience and transportation cost, can ensure the stable and reliable installation of the air separation device, and is more suitable for the use requirement of the micro vacuum cold box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of gas separation and liquefaction equipment technology, and more specifically, to a miniature vacuum cold box and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] In deep cryogenic air separation processes, the cryogenic separation system needs to be housed in an insulated cold box. The cold box is the core device in this process, housing the cryogenic equipment and piping. Skid-mounted cold boxes are widely used in small air separation systems due to their advantages of being able to be manufactured as a whole in the workshop and quickly deployed on-site. Traditionally, the installation of equipment and piping in skid-mounted cold boxes is carried out inside a one-piece cold box shell. However, for micro-sized air separation cold boxes with a diameter of less than 2 meters, the limited internal space of the one-piece cold box shell makes it extremely difficult for workers to operate inside. In some cases, due to the lack of effective operating space, it is even necessary to deliberately increase the cross-sectional dimensions of the cold box during the design phase. This not only increases the material cost of cold box manufacturing but also increases the difficulty and cost of transporting the equipment due to the increased volume. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of this application is to provide a miniature vacuum cold box and its installation method, which aims to solve the technical problems of miniature air separation cold boxes, which are difficult to install and operate due to their integrated shell and small internal space, and require larger cross-sectional dimensions, thus increasing material and transportation costs.

[0004] The first aspect of this application discloses a miniature vacuum cold box, comprising a cold box shell, an air separation unit, and a head assembly: The cold box shell includes a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell are arranged opposite to each other, and the first shell and the second shell are separate parts; The end cap assembly includes a first end cap and a second end cap arranged opposite to the first end cap, wherein the first end cap and the second end cap are respectively connected to the first housing and the second housing; The air separation unit is disposed inside the first housing, and the air separation unit is connected to both the first housing and the first end cap.

[0005] Furthermore, the air separation unit includes a heat exchange component, a fractionation component, and a plurality of support brackets. The plurality of support brackets are spaced apart within the first housing. The heat exchange component and the fractionation component are spaced apart along the same radial direction on the support brackets, and the heat exchange component and the fractionation component are respectively connected to the first end cap.

[0006] Furthermore, the fractionation component includes a fractionation support, a fractionation tower, and a clamp. The fractionation support is disposed on the first end cap. The fractionation tower is connected to both the support support and the fractionation support, and the fractionation tower is connected to the support support via the clamp.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat exchange component includes a heat exchange bracket and a heat exchanger. The heat exchange bracket is disposed on the first end cap and connected to the support bracket. The heat exchange bracket and the fractionation bracket are arranged at intervals, and the size of the heat exchange bracket is larger than the size of the fractionation bracket. The heat exchanger is disposed on the side of the heat exchange bracket away from the first end cap.

[0008] Furthermore, the air separation unit also includes pipes and valves. The pipes are disposed inside the first housing and are respectively connected to the heat exchange component and the fractionation component. The pipes extend from the side of the first housing and the bottom of the first head, respectively. The valves are disposed on the portion of the pipes extending out of the first head.

[0009] Furthermore, the miniature vacuum cold box also includes a vacuuming interface, a perlite filling port, and multiple cold box support columns. The multiple cold box support columns are spaced apart at the end of the first end cap away from the cold box shell. The vacuuming interface and the portion of the pipe extending out of the first end cap are spaced apart on the first end cap and located between the multiple cold box support columns. The perlite filling port is located at the end of the second end cap away from the cold box shell.

[0010] A second aspect of this application also provides a method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box, including the miniature vacuum cold box described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps: The first housing is placed horizontally on the saddle, and is kept stable by the support of the saddle; The first end cap is fixedly connected to one end of the first housing, and then the air separation device is placed into the first housing, thus completing the fixed connection of the air separation device to the first end cap and the first housing respectively. The second housing is placed on top of the first housing, so that the second housing is sealed to the first housing and the first end cap respectively; The second end cap is fixed to the other end of the first shell, so that the second end cap is connected to the first shell and the second shell respectively to form a closed cold box shell; The assembled cold box shell is erected vertically and fixed to a concrete support pier using cold box support columns, thus completing the overall installation and positioning of the miniature vacuum cold box.

[0011] Further, after the steps of fixing the first end cap to one end of the first housing and then placing the air separation unit into the first housing to complete the fixed connection of the air separation unit to the first end cap and the first housing respectively, the method includes: The integrated prefabricated module is hoisted into the first housing, and the installation position is monitored and corrected by a magnetic guidance system. A distributed optical fiber sensor network is arranged at the interface between the module and the first housing and the first end cap. The first shell is pre-cooled to cause it to shrink and deform. The prefabricated module is precisely embedded into the target position with magnetic assistance using the shrinkage gap. It is temporarily fixed by magnetic clamps, and the fiber optic sensor network synchronously monitors the force data of the module. The first housing is allowed to naturally return to room temperature. The principle of thermal expansion and contraction is used to automatically compress the module and the interface. The fiber optic sensor network provides real-time feedback on the changes in the rebound force and analyzes the sealing and compression effect of the interface. Remove the magnetic clamps, save the stress state benchmark data of the fiber optic sensor network, and automatically verify the pipe sealing, cable conductivity, and instrument accuracy of the prefabricated modules to generate installation quality reports and full life cycle monitoring benchmarks.

[0012] Further, after the steps of fixing the first end cap to one end of the first housing and then placing the air separation unit into the first housing to complete the fixed connection of the air separation unit to the first end cap and the first housing respectively, the method further includes: An inert gas pulse purging process is used to remove impurities from the inner wall of the pipeline. Distributed fiber optic sensors, hydrogen sensor arrays and AI vision systems are deployed to establish a multi-dimensional pipeline inspection benchmark. A hydrogen-gas mixture is introduced into the pipeline system and pressurized to 1.25 times the design pressure. A hydrogen sensor array is used to monitor leak points, and an AI algorithm integrates the sensor data to accurately locate the leak. The pipeline crawling robot is activated, and it uses its onboard panoramic camera and eddy current probe to identify weld defects and generate 3D images. It then matches the repair plan to complete the leak elimination operation. After the leak was eliminated, hydrogen pressurization testing was conducted again, and the repaired parts were re-inspected by AI vision and eddy current probe. The pipeline system was judged to be qualified by integrating multi-dimensional test data.

[0013] Further, after the step of fixing the second end cap to the other end of the first housing, so that the second end cap is respectively connected to the first housing and the second housing to form a closed cold box housing, the following steps are included: The sealed cold box is subjected to staged vacuuming and preheating treatment. The perlite is mixed with the carrier gas to form a suspension. A rotating support device is built to keep the cold box rotating at a low speed. Maintain the preset vacuum level in the cold box, inject suspended perlite through fluidized pipeline, and use centrifugal force and negative pressure to guide the perlite to distribute evenly. Acoustic sensor monitors the filling status in real time. Stop the supply of carrier gas, use a vacuum pump to remove the residual gas in the cold box, allow the perlite to settle and compact naturally, allow the cold box to naturally return to room temperature, and continue to rotate while monitoring changes in sound wave propagation characteristics. Stop rotating the cold box, evacuate the cold box to the target vacuum level, and use an acoustic detection network to perform the final density test of the perlite. After the pressure holding test verifies that it is qualified, lock the vacuum system.

[0014] The first aspect of this plan brings the following benefits: This application adopts a separate structure of a first shell and a second shell for the cold box, which eliminates the need to increase the cross-sectional size of the cold box during the design phase, reduces material usage, and lowers manufacturing costs. At the same time, the separate design allows for convenient installation of the air separation unit within the first shell, avoiding the problem of limited operation inside a single shell and reducing installation difficulty. Furthermore, the overall size of the cold box does not need to be increased, which facilitates transportation, reduces transportation costs, and ensures stable installation of the air separation unit, making it suitable for the use of micro-sized cold boxes. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a miniature vacuum cold box in horizontal orientation according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 A magnified view of part A; Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of a miniature vacuum cold box according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of a miniature vacuum cold box according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a vertically placed schematic diagram of a miniature vacuum cold box according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box according to an embodiment of this application.

[0016] in: 1. Cold box shell; 4. Vacuum interface; 5. Perlite filling port; 6. Cold box support column; 7. Saddle; 10. First shell; 11. Second shell; 30. First end cap; 31. Second end cap; 20. Heat exchange components; 21. Fractionating components; 22. Support brackets; 23. Piping; 24. Valves; 210. Fractionating support; 211. Fractionating tower; 212. Clamping clamp; 201. Heat exchange bracket; 202. Heat exchanger.

[0017] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0019] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in the specification of this application means the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein may include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any modules and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-5 This application provides a miniature vacuum cold box, including a cold box shell 1, an air separation unit, and a head assembly: The cold box shell 1 includes a first shell 10 and a second shell 11, the first shell 10 and the second shell 11 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first shell 10 and the second shell 11 are separate parts; The end cap assembly includes a first end cap 30 and a second end cap 31 arranged opposite to the first end cap 30, wherein the first end cap 30 and the second end cap 31 are respectively connected to the first housing 10 and the second housing 11; The air separation unit is disposed inside the first housing 10, and the air separation unit is connected to the first housing 10 and the first end cap 30 respectively.

[0022] In this embodiment, the core structure of the miniature vacuum cold box consists of a cold box shell 1, a head assembly, and an air separation unit disposed inside. The cold box shell 1 is the outer main structure that houses the internal components and provides insulation. In this embodiment, it is innovatively designed as a split component, specifically including a first shell 10 and a second shell 11. The first shell 10 refers to the lower half of the cold box shell 1 and has a semi-cylindrical structure; the second shell 11 refers to the upper half of the cold box shell 1, also having a semi-cylindrical structure, and its dimensions are exactly the same as the first shell 10. The two are arranged opposite each other in space, with the first shell 10 below as the supporting foundation and the second shell 11 above as the covering top. When combined, they form a complete cylindrical enclosed space. The end cap assembly is used to seal the upper and lower ends of the cold box shell 1 to form a sealed vacuum environment. The assembly includes a first end cap 30 and a second end cap 31. The first end cap 30 is the bottom end cap, which adopts a hemispherical structure and is connected to the lower opening of the first shell 10 to form the base of the cold box. The second end cap 31 is the top end cap, which also adopts a hemispherical structure and is connected to the upper opening of the second shell 11 to form the top cover of the cold box.

[0023] The air separation unit is the core functional component for performing the air separation process. In this embodiment, it is pre-installed and fixed within the internal space of the first housing 10. The air separation unit is not only connected to the inner wall or internal support of the first housing 10 for stable support, but its related pipes 23 also pass through the first housing 10 or connect to the first end cap 30 for media exchange with external systems. This split design completely changes the traditional integrated housing construction logic. By designing the cold box housing 1 as a separate structure of the first housing 10 and the second housing 11, there is no need to increase the cross-sectional size of the cold box during design, reducing material usage and manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, the split design allows for convenient installation of the air separation unit within the first housing 10, avoiding the limitations of operation within an integrated housing and reducing installation difficulty. Furthermore, the overall size of the cold box does not need to be increased, facilitating transportation and reducing transportation costs, while ensuring stable installation of the air separation unit, adapting to the needs of micro-sized cold boxes.

[0024] Reference Figures 1-4 In one embodiment, the air separation unit includes a heat exchange component 20, a fractionation component 21, and a plurality of support brackets 22. The plurality of support brackets 22 are spaced apart within the first housing 10. The heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 are spaced apart along the same radial direction on the support brackets 22, and the heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 are respectively connected to the first end cap 30.

[0025] In this embodiment, the air separation unit mainly consists of a heat exchange component 20, a fractionation component 21, and multiple support brackets 22. The support brackets 22 are structural components used to support and fix the process components. In this embodiment, multiple support brackets are provided, spaced apart along the axial direction of the first housing 10. Each support bracket 22 does not directly contact the bottom of the first housing 10, but maintains a certain vertical distance from it, forming a suspended or overhead structure. In terms of size design, the length of each support bracket 22 is strictly limited to half the diameter of the first housing 10. This means that the bracket extends from one inner wall of the housing to the centerline, or is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the centerline, thereby providing a stable support platform within a limited semi-cylindrical space. The heat exchange component 20 is responsible for heat exchange between the media, and the fractionation component 21 is responsible for the separation and purification of the mixed gas. These two components are spaced apart along the same radial direction on the aforementioned support brackets 22, i.e., they are located on the same radial line, staggered to optimize the flow field and heat field distribution. The heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 are not only securely mounted on the support brackets 22, but also connected to the first end cap 30 respectively. This connection is typically achieved through pipes 23 or interfaces, allowing the process fluid to enter from the bottom first end cap 30, flow through the heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 for processing, and finally exit through the first end cap 30. The overall positional relationship is as follows: multiple support brackets 22 are erected on the bottom surface inside the first shell 10, and the heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 are sequentially mounted on the brackets and connected to the bottom first end cap 30, forming a compact, layered, and clearly defined internal integrated system that ensures smooth heat exchange and fractionation processes and efficient connection with the end cap.

[0026] Reference Figures 1-4 In one embodiment, the fractionation component 21 includes a fractionation support 210, a fractionation tower 211, and a clamp 212. The fractionation support 210 is disposed on the first end cap 30. The fractionation tower 211 is connected to the support support 22 and the fractionation support 210 respectively, and the fractionation tower 211 is connected to the support support 22 through the clamp 212.

[0027] In this embodiment, the fractionation component 21 mainly consists of three major components: a fractionation support 210, a fractionation column 211, and a clamp 212. The fractionation support 210 serves as the bottom support foundation and itself includes a fractionation support plate and multiple fractionation support columns. These columns are vertically and spaced apart, directly mounted on the inner surface of the first head 30, forming a column array. The fractionation support plate is horizontally mounted at the end of these columns furthest from the first head 30, forming a stable platform. The fractionation column 211 is the main equipment for distillation separation; it is placed on the side of the fractionation support plate furthest from the fractionation support columns (i.e., above), thus its main weight is borne by the fractionation support 210. Furthermore, to enhance stability, this embodiment introduces a cooperation mechanism between the support bracket 22 and the clamp 212. The support bracket 22 is the aforementioned load-bearing component spaced along the interior of the shell. Each support bracket 22 is equipped with a dedicated clamp 212, which is a ring-shaped fastening device that simultaneously surrounds and connects the outer wall of the fractionation tower 211 to the structural part of the support bracket 22. The lower end of the fractionation tower 211 relies on the fractionation bracket 210, while the upper part is rigidly connected to the lateral support bracket 22 via the clamp 212. This allows the fractionation tower 211 to receive both the vertical support force transmitted from the bottom first end cap 30 via the fractionation bracket 210 and the radial constraint force provided by the lateral support bracket 22 via the clamp 212, forming a stable structure with multi-point fixation, ensuring that the fractionation tower 211 maintains a strictly vertical posture above the first end cap 30.

[0028] Reference Figures 1-4 In one embodiment, the heat exchange component 20 includes a heat exchange bracket 201 and a heat exchanger 202. The heat exchange bracket 201 is disposed on the first end cap 30 and connected to the support bracket 22. The heat exchange bracket 201 is arranged at intervals from the fractionation bracket 210, and the size of the heat exchange bracket 201 is larger than the size of the fractionation bracket 210. The heat exchanger 202 is disposed on the side of the heat exchange bracket 201 away from the first end cap 30.

[0029] In this embodiment, the heat exchange component 20 mainly consists of a heat exchange bracket 201 and a heat exchanger 202. The heat exchange bracket 201 serves as a load-bearing foundation, is installed on the first end cap 30 and connected to the support bracket 22. Its structure includes multiple heat exchange support columns and a heat exchange support plate. The multiple heat exchange support columns are vertically and spaced apart on the first end cap 30 to provide height support. The heat exchange support plate is horizontally installed at the end of the heat exchange support column away from the first end cap 30, and one side of the plate is directly connected to the support bracket 22 to form double fixation. As a core functional component, the heat exchanger 202 is placed on the side of the heat exchange support plate away from the first head 30 (i.e., above). The heat exchange bracket 201 and the aforementioned fractionation bracket 210 are arranged at intervals and do not interfere with each other. In this embodiment, the size and shape are specifically designed: the height of the heat exchange support column is greater than the height of the fractionation support column, and the interval between the columns is also greater than the interval between the fractionation support columns; the heat exchange support plate is designed as a square structure, while the fractionation support plate is a circular structure, and the overall size of the square heat exchange support plate is significantly larger than the size of the circular fractionation support plate. This design of a large-sized, tall-column square bracket makes the heat exchange component 20 occupy a larger space volume and a higher height level above the first head 30 than the fractionation component 21, and enhances the overall rigidity through the connection with the support bracket 22, forming a staggered and well-proportioned internal component distribution pattern.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-3 In one embodiment, the air separation unit further includes a pipe 23 and a valve 24. The pipe 23 is disposed inside the first housing 10 and is connected to the heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 respectively. The pipe 23 extends from the side of the first housing 10 and the bottom of the first end cap 30 respectively. The valve 24 is disposed on the portion of the pipe 23 extending out of the first end cap 30.

[0031] In this embodiment, the air separation unit also includes pipes 23 and valves 24. Pipes 23 are channels for medium flow, and their main body is completely arranged inside the first housing 10. These pipes 23 are arranged according to a specific process loop, with one end connected to the heat exchanger 202 in the heat exchange component 20 and the other end connected to the fractionation column 211 in the fractionation component 21, thereby constructing a complete internal fluid circulation network. In terms of spatial orientation, the pipes 23 have two main outlet directions: a portion of the pipes 23 extend from the side of the first housing 10 for connecting to external or other auxiliary components; another portion of the pipes 23 extend downwards, passing through the bottom of the first end cap 30. Valves 24, as fluid control elements, are specifically installed on the sections of pipes 23 that extend from the bottom of the first end cap 30. The pipes 23 first pass through the first end cap 30 and extend downwards a specified distance, after which the valves 24 are installed at the end or middle of the extended section. This layout concentrates all valves 24 in the bottom area of ​​the first head 30, located outside and below the first housing 10. In this way, the pipe 23 achieves interconnection between the heat exchange component 20 and the fractionation component 21 within the first housing 10. At the same time, it achieves external connection and centralized control through the side and bottom outlets, forming a pipeline system that is internally connected and externally controlled, with a compact layout and clear logic.

[0032] Reference Figures 1-3 In one embodiment, the miniature vacuum cold box further includes a vacuum port 4, a pearlescent sand filling port 5, and a plurality of cold box support columns 6. The plurality of cold box support columns 6 are spaced apart at one end of the first end cap 30 away from the cold box shell 1. The vacuum port 4 and the portion of the pipe 23 extending out of the first end cap 30 are spaced apart on the first end cap 30 and located between the plurality of cold box support columns 6. The pearlescent sand filling port 5 is located at one end of the second end cap 31 away from the cold box shell 1.

[0033] In this embodiment, the miniature vacuum cold box also includes a vacuum port 4, a perlite filling port 5, and multiple cold box support columns 6. The cold box support columns 6 are structural components used to support the weight of the entire device. Multiple cold box support columns 6 are spaced apart along a circumferential or linear direction at the end of the first end cap 30 away from the cold box shell 1 (i.e., the bottom end face). When the cold box shell 1 is in a vertical working state, these cold box support columns 6 are directly fixed to concrete supports to provide a stable foundation. The vacuum port 4 is a connecting component that penetrates the first end cap 30. It is spaced apart from the portion of the pipe 23 extending out of the first end cap 30, and its specific location is within the space enclosed by the multiple cold box support columns 6, facilitating connection to an external vacuum pump for operation. The perlite filling port 5 is located at the end of the second end cap 31 away from the cold box shell 1 (i.e., the top end face), specifically at the middle position of the second end cap 31. This port is also equipped with a flange cover for sealing. The vacuum port 4 is located at the bottom first end cap 30, and the perlite filling port 5 is located at the top second end cap 31. The two are located at the two ends of the cold box shell 1, respectively. The cold box support column 6 surrounds the outside of the bottom vacuum port 4, so that the micro-miniature vacuum cold box can be filled with insulation material through the top perlite filling port 5 in the horizontal state, while the internal gas is extracted through the bottom vacuum port 4. The vacuum negative pressure is used to assist the perlite in filling the gaps inside the cold box shell 1, and a high-efficiency vacuum powder insulation layer is formed after completion. This significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the perlite and greatly improves the insulation performance and construction flexibility of the cold box.

[0034] refer to Figures 1-6 The present invention also proposes a method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box, including the miniature vacuum cold box described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps: S1: The first housing 10 is placed horizontally on the saddle 7 and kept stable by the support of the saddle 7; S2: Fix the first end cap 30 to one end of the first housing 10, and then place the air separation device into the first housing 10 to complete the fixed connection of the air separation device to the first end cap 30 and the first housing 10 respectively. S3: Place the second housing 11 above the first housing 10, so that the second housing 11 is sealed to the first housing 10 and the first end cap 30 respectively; S4: Fix the second end cap 31 to the other end of the first housing 10, so that the second end cap 31 is connected to the first housing 10 and the second housing 11 respectively to form the closed cold box housing 1; S5: Erect the assembled cold box shell 1 vertically, and fix the cold box shell 1 to the concrete support pier through the cold box support column 6 to complete the overall installation and positioning of the micro-miniature vacuum cold box.

[0035] In this embodiment, step S1 is the basic preparation process for the installation of the miniature vacuum cold box. Its core purpose is to provide a stable horizontal operating platform for the pre-installation of the air separation unit and avoid installation deviation problems caused by tilting or shaking of the cold box shell 1. In this embodiment, a miniature vacuum cold box with a diameter of 1.8 meters is used. Two saddles 7 are selected to match the arc-shaped outer wall of the first shell 10 (a semi-cylindrical split shell, 3.5 meters long and 8 mm thick). The saddles 7 are made of carbon steel welded together, with anti-slip pads at the bottom and rubber buffer layers attached to the top. The first shell 10 is placed horizontally on the three saddles 7, which are respectively arranged 0.8 meters away from both ends of the first shell 10. The saddles 7 are positioned by lightly pressing the outer wall of the shell with fastening buckles on both sides. The level of the first shell 10 is confirmed to be ≤0.5 mm by a level instrument, ensuring that the shell is in a stable horizontal state. This provides a flat and stable foundation for the subsequent fixing of the first end cap 30 and the placement of the air separation device. This arrangement is consistent with the design logic of the split shell mentioned above. By utilizing the feature of the first shell 10 being separately split, horizontal support of the open space is achieved, avoiding the operation space limitations caused by the integrated shell.

[0036] S2, relying on the stable horizontal operating platform in S1, completes the precise fixing of the air separation unit in an open space. In this embodiment, the first end cap 30 is a hemispherical carbon steel end cap with a diameter matching the first shell 10. It is connected to the left end of the first shell 10 using a flange connection, with low-temperature resistant sealing gaskets installed between the flanges. The sealing is achieved by evenly tightening bolts. Subsequently, the integrated air separation unit (including four spaced support brackets 22, heat exchange components 20, fractionation components 21, and supporting pipelines) is slowly hoisted into the first shell 10 using a crane. First, the bottoms of the four support brackets 22 of the air separation unit are fully welded to the preset welding points on the inner wall of the first shell 10. Then, the heat exchange brackets 201 of the heat exchange components 20 are connected to the first shell 10. The fractionation support 210 of the distillation component 21 is bolted to the preset connecting seat inside the first head 30 to ensure that the connection strength between the support support 22 and the first housing 10, and between the heat exchange / fractionation support and the first head 30, meets the design requirements. After testing with a torque wrench, the torque value of all the fastening bolts reaches 35 N·m. The connection between the air separation unit and the housing and the head is not loose. This operation is achieved entirely by relying on the horizontal saddle 7 of S1. All connection procedures are completed in an open space without the housing obstruction. This is consistent with the structural design of the air separation unit integrated into the first housing 10 mentioned above, and completely solves the problem of the small operating space inside the integrated housing.

[0037] S3 is the splicing and sealing process of the cold box shell 1. Based on the pre-assembly of the air separation unit in S2, it achieves precise docking of the upper and lower shells to form a semi-enclosed shell structure. In this embodiment, the second shell 11 is an upper semi-cylindrical shell that is completely matched with the size of the first shell 10. It is lifted and placed smoothly above the first shell 10 by a crane, so that the splicing ports of the two are precisely aligned. The splicing is connected by bevel welding. During the welding process, a multi-layer and multi-pass welding process is used to ensure that the weld is free of defects such as slag inclusions and porosity. At the same time, the left end of the second shell 11 is docked with the outer flange of the first end cap 30. The same low-temperature resistant sealing gasket as the first end cap 30 and the first shell 10 is installed. The seal is achieved by evenly tightening the bolts. After the welding is completed, the weld is confirmed to be qualified by penetration testing. The flange connection is confirmed to have no sealing gap by soap water leak testing. This splicing method continues the design concept of the split shell. The shell is sealed after the internal equipment is installed, which is consistent with the installation logic closed loop of "installing internal components first and then sealing the shell" mentioned above.

[0038] S4 is the final sealing process for the cold box shell 1. Based on the semi-closed shell in S3, the right end port is sealed to form a complete closed cold box shell 1, providing a sealed space for the subsequent perlite filling and vacuuming processes. In this embodiment, the second end cap 31 is a hemispherical carbon steel end cap with the same structure as the first end cap 30. It is connected to the common port on the right end of the first shell 10 and the second shell 11, using the same flange connection method as the first end cap 30. A low-temperature resistant sealing gasket is installed on the flange mating surface. The bolts are evenly inserted into the flange holes and tightened in three stages, with the tightening torque increasing to 35 N·m each time, to ensure that the connection between the second end cap 31 and the first shell 10 and the second shell 11 is sealed without gaps. After tightening, a preliminary airtightness test is performed on all connection parts of the entire cold box shell 1 (including the splicing weld of the upper and lower shells and the flange connection surfaces of the two end caps). Nitrogen gas of 0.1 MPa is filled into the shell, and a leak test with soapy water is used to confirm that there are no leaks, forming a completely sealed cold box shell 1. This sealing process follows the shell splicing results of S3 and forms a closed loop with the structural design of the cold box shell 1, which consists of the first and second shells 11 and the two end caps, to ensure that the airtightness of the shell meets the requirements for vacuum insulation.

[0039] S5 is the final installation and positioning process for the cold box, which converts the horizontally assembled enclosed shell into a vertical state for actual use, and fixes it to the foundation through support columns to complete the overall installation. In this embodiment, two overhead cranes are used in conjunction with lifting equipment, respectively attached to the upper and lower preset lifting points of the cold box shell 1, to slowly erect the shell vertically. During the erection process, the shell's posture is controlled by a traction rope to avoid collisions. After the shell is erected, the four cold box support columns 6 (carbon steel, 1.2 meters long) spaced apart at the bottom of the first end cap 30 are aligned with the pre-cast concrete supports. The steel plates embedded at the top of the supports are fixed to the bottom of the support columns by welding. After welding, the verticality deviation of the cold box shell 1 is confirmed to be ≤0.8mm by checking with a level and plumb bob, and the force on the four support columns is uniform with no eccentric load. Finally, epoxy mortar is injected at the joint between the support columns and the concrete supports for reinforcement to ensure the stability of the overall installation and positioning of the cold box. This step follows the results of the closed shell in S4. The arrangement of the support columns is consistent with the structural design of the cold box support columns 6 set in the first end cap 30, realizing the transformation of the cold box from the assembly state to the use state and meeting the actual installation and use requirements on site. The entire installation method relies on a split structure to achieve open space construction. Each step is connected in a closed loop, and the installation is precise, ensuring the cold box's sealing and structural stability. It solves the installation problems of micro-sized cold boxes, is suitable for on-site use, and lays a solid foundation for subsequent insulation processes.

[0040] refer to Figures 1-6 In one embodiment, after the steps of fixing the first end cap 30 to one end of the first housing 10, and then placing the air separation device into the first housing 10 to complete the steps of fixing the air separation device to the first end cap 30 and the first housing 10 respectively, the method includes: S20: The integrated prefabricated module is hoisted into the first housing 10, and the installation position is monitored and corrected by the magnetic guidance system. A distributed optical fiber sensing network is arranged at the interface between the module and the first housing 10 and the first end cap 30. S21: Pre-cool the first housing 10 to cause it to shrink and deform. Use the shrinkage gap to accurately embed the prefabricated module into the target position with magnetic assistance. Temporarily fix it with magnetic clamps. The fiber optic sensor network synchronously monitors the force data of the module. S22: Allow the first housing 10 to naturally return to room temperature, and use the principle of thermal expansion and contraction to automatically press the module and interface together. The fiber optic sensor network provides real-time feedback on the change of spring force and analyzes the sealing and pressing effect of the interface. S23: Remove the magnetic clamps, save the stress state benchmark data of the fiber optic sensor network, perform automated verification of the prefabricated module's pipe 23 sealing performance, cable conductivity, and instrument accuracy, and generate an installation quality report and a full life cycle monitoring benchmark.

[0041] In this embodiment, following the micro-miniature vacuum cold box with a diameter of 1.8 meters and a length of 3.5 meters described in step S2 above, and based on the fixing of the first end cap 30 to the first shell 10 and the pre-installation of the air separation unit, the precise installation of the integrated prefabricated module is carried out. The specific steps are as follows: The integrated prefabricated module (low-temperature measurement and control integrated module, weighing 280 kg) is slowly lifted into the open first shell 10 using a crane equipped with a special lifting tool, and aligned with the preset installation area next to the air separation unit; the magnetic guidance system is activated, relying on the outer wall of the module and the corresponding first shell 10 and first end cap 30. The magnetic induction probes at the position capture the module's spatial position data in real time, fine-tuning and correcting the X, Y, and Z axis positioning deviations to ≤0.2mm to ensure accurate initial positioning. Subsequently, one set of armored distributed fiber optic sensing probes is deployed at each of the three connection interfaces between the module and the inner wall of the first housing 10, and at the two connection interfaces with the inner side of the first end cap 30. These probes are tightly fitted to the interface sealing surfaces and connection ends, forming a fully covered sensing network. This provides a data foundation for stress monitoring throughout the subsequent installation process. The entire process relies on the stable operating platform supported by the horizontal saddle 7 mentioned earlier, continuing the core logic of open space construction. Next, liquid nitrogen spraying is used to uniformly pre-cool the outer wall of the first housing 10, controlling the temperature to drop to -40℃, causing the carbon steel housing to shrink uniformly and forming a 0.5mm shrinkage gap at the preset installation position. With the continuous positioning aided by the magnetic guidance system, the module is smoothly pushed into the target position under the assistance of magnetic adsorption, ensuring that each interface precisely matches the pre-set connection positions of the shell and end cap. Subsequently, a magnetic clamp is installed on the outside of each of the five interfaces around the module, and the adsorption force is adjusted to 50kN to achieve temporary fixation, which not only ensures the stability of the module position but also avoids excessive compression that could damage the components. During this process, the distributed fiber optic sensor network collects and transmits the contact pressure, shear force, and other force parameters of each interface in real time at a sampling frequency of 10Hz, accurately capturing the force changes during the installation process and forming a closed loop with the previous positioning and sensor placement operations. Afterwards, the liquid nitrogen spraying was stopped, and the first shell 10 was placed in a room temperature workshop environment to recover naturally at a uniform rate, controlling the temperature rise to no more than 15°C per hour to prevent deformation of the shell due to sudden temperature changes. The carbon steel shell gradually expanded as the temperature rose, forming a uniform compressive force on the embedded module, so that the connection surfaces of each interface of the module with the shell and the end cap could be automatically compacted without gaps. The distributed optical fiber sensor network provided real-time feedback on the rebound force changes of each interface, recording the pressure peak and stable values. Technicians judged the uniformity of the sealing surface compaction by analyzing the force curve. When the contact pressure of all interfaces stabilized at 8-10MPa and the deviation was ≤0.5MPa, it was determined that the initial compaction of the interface met the standard. The force monitoring in this process and the previously deployed sensor network formed a data closed loop to ensure that the compaction effect could be quantified and detected.

[0042] Finally, after confirming that the stress on each interface is stable and the clamping meets the standards, the electromagnetic switches are turned off in sequence and the five magnetic clamps are removed. During the removal process, the sensor network continuously monitors to ensure that the module position does not shift. All stress data collected by the fiber optic sensor network is saved on the control console, and the stable stress parameters of the interface at room temperature are used as the benchmark data for the stress state of the cold box module. The automated verification system is started to perform an airtightness test on the module's low-temperature pipeline 23 at 1.2 times the design pressure. The test is considered qualified if there is no leakage after 30 minutes of pressure holding. The conductivity and insulation of the cable lines are tested (conductivity 100% and insulation resistance ≥500MΩ are considered qualified). The measurement and control instruments are calibrated (indication error ≤±0.2% is considered qualified). After all verifications are completed, the system automatically summarizes the installation, stress, and verification data, generates a standardized installation quality report, and incorporates the relevant data into the cold box's full life cycle monitoring benchmark to provide support for subsequent operation and maintenance, forming a logical closed loop for the entire module installation. The entire process enables precise installation of prefabricated modules, achieves seamless compaction through thermal expansion and contraction, ensures installation quality through sensor monitoring and automated verification, and retains benchmark data to provide traceable basis for the operation and maintenance of the cold box throughout its entire life cycle.

[0043] refer to Figures 1-6 In one embodiment, after the steps of fixing the first end cap 30 to one end of the first housing 10 and then placing the air separation device into the first housing 10 to complete the steps of fixing the air separation device to the first end cap 30 and the first housing 10 respectively, the method further includes: S24: Use inert gas pulse purging process to remove impurities from the inner wall of pipeline 23, deploy distributed fiber optic sensors, hydrogen sensor array and AI vision system to establish a multi-dimensional pipeline 23 detection benchmark; S25: The hydrogen mixture is introduced into the pipeline 23 system and pressurized to 1.25 times the design pressure. The leak point is monitored by the hydrogen sensor array, and the AI ​​algorithm integrates the sensor data to accurately locate the leak location. S26: Start the pipeline crawling robot 23, which uses the onboard panoramic camera and eddy current probe to identify weld defects and generate three-dimensional images, and then matches the repair plan to complete the leak elimination operation. S27: After leak elimination, hydrogen pressurization test is performed again, AI visual review and eddy current probe re-inspection test of the repaired parts are conducted, and the pipeline 23 system is judged to be qualified by integrating multi-dimensional test data.

[0044] In this embodiment, based on the fact that the air separation unit has been pre-installed in the first shell 10 of the 1.8-meter diameter micro-miniature vacuum cold box in step S2 above, high-precision inspection and leak elimination work is carried out on the internally connected cryogenic process pipeline 23 system to ensure that the pipeline 23 system achieves zero leakage and zero defects before the shell is closed. The specific implementation is as follows: Inert gas pulse purging process is used to remove impurities from the inner wall of pipeline 23. Distributed fiber optic sensors, hydrogen sensor arrays, and AI vision systems are deployed to establish a multi-dimensional detection benchmark for pipeline 23. Before this step, the basic installation of pipeline 23 and the fastening of valve 24 have been completed. At this time, compressed air is used as a power source to inject high-purity nitrogen pulse into the approximately 15-meter-long cryogenic process pipeline network 23. Through the high-frequency impact and turbulence effect of the pulsed airflow, impurities such as oxide scale, metal debris, and welding slag attached to the inner wall of pipeline 23 are stripped off. The impurities are then collected by the airflow into the end collector for unified cleaning. At the same time, distributed fiber optic sensors are deployed near key nodes, bends, and welds of pipeline 23, and hydrogen sensor arrays are installed along the outer edge of pipeline 23. Meanwhile, an AI vision system is set up in the detection area to capture real-time images of the appearance of pipeline 23 through cameras. The three work together to establish an initial detection benchmark, providing a data comparison standard for subsequent leak location and defect identification.

[0045] Next, hydrogen and nitrogen are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:9 to form a mixed gas, which is then injected into the pipeline 23 system through a pressurization pump set. The pressure is gradually increased to 1.25 times the design pressure (i.e., 0.8 MPa). After the pressure is stabilized for 5 minutes, the hydrogen sensing array is activated. This array is equipped with 16 high-sensitivity hydrogen detection probes that scan the pipeline 23 in all directions. Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, an alarm is triggered. The AI ​​algorithm integrates the pressure fluctuation data transmitted by the fiber optic sensor and the concentration distribution data of the hydrogen sensing array in real time. Through spatial interpolation and anomaly point identification technology, it accurately locates the specific location and leakage rate of the leak point. The positioning error is controlled within ±50 mm, providing guidance for subsequent precise leak elimination. Subsequently, the crawling robot for pipe 23 was activated. Equipped with a high-definition panoramic camera and a high-frequency eddy current probe, the robot can autonomously move along the inner wall of pipe 23. The panoramic camera captures 360° images of the inner wall of pipe 23, while the eddy current probe detects material defects and cracks at the welds using the principle of electromagnetic induction, simultaneously generating three-dimensional imaging data of the inside of pipe 23. Technicians compared the three-dimensional imaging with a standard structural model of pipe 23, matched it with a preset repair plan, and performed leak repair, grinding, and other leak elimination operations on the leak points located by the AI ​​algorithm and the micro-cracks identified by the eddy current probe, ensuring that all defective parts were thoroughly repaired and eliminating potential leak hazards.

[0046] After the leak detection work was completed, hydrogen gas mixture was refilled into Pipeline 23 and pressurized to 0.8 MPa. The AI ​​vision system was restarted for a visual inspection to check for any new leaks. Simultaneously, the eddy current probe was activated to re-test the repaired area and verify the weld repair quality. Finally, the AI ​​system integrated hydrogen sensor data, fiber optic pressure data, visual images, and eddy current detection data for a comprehensive judgment. When Pipeline 23 had no leaks, no weld cracks, and the pressure was stable without fluctuations, the Pipeline 23 system was confirmed as qualified, completing the entire process of inspection and leak detection. This forms a closed-loop logic with the previous steps of Pipeline 23 installation and impurity removal. Through multi-dimensional inspection and precise leak detection, impurities and potential hazards in Pipeline 23 were thoroughly eliminated, achieving zero-leakage acceptance and laying a solid safety foundation for subsequent vacuum insulation and equipment operation.

[0047] refer to Figures 1-6 In one embodiment, after the step of fixing the second end cap 31 to the other end of the first housing 10, so that the second end cap 31 is connected to the first housing 10 and the second housing 11 respectively to form a closed cold box housing 1, the method includes: S40: The sealed cold box is subjected to staged vacuuming and preheating treatment. The perlite is mixed with the carrier gas to form a suspension. A rotating support device is built to keep the cold box rotating at a low speed. S41: Maintain the preset vacuum level in the cold box, inject suspended perlite through the fluidized pipeline, and use centrifugal force and negative pressure to guide the perlite to distribute evenly. The acoustic sensor monitors the filling status in real time. S42: Stop the supply of carrier gas, use a vacuum pump to remove the residual gas in the cold box, allow the perlite to settle and compact naturally, allow the cold box to naturally return to room temperature, and continue to rotate while monitoring changes in sound wave propagation characteristics. S43: Stop the cold box rotation, evacuate the cold box to the target vacuum level, and use an acoustic detection network to perform the final density test of the perlite. After the pressure holding test is verified to be qualified, lock the vacuum system.

[0048] In this embodiment, based on the 1.8-meter diameter micro-miniature vacuum cold box shell 1 that has been sealed as described above, the perlite vacuum filling and insulation molding operation is carried out. By relying on processes such as graded vacuuming and rotary filling, the perlite is densely and uniformly filled to ensure the insulation effect of the cold box. The specific implementation is as follows: First, the sealed cold box is subjected to staged vacuuming and preheating. Perlite is mixed with carrier gas to form a suspension. A rotating support device is built to keep the cold box rotating at a low speed. A rotary vane vacuum pump is started to perform staged vacuuming on the cold box shell 1. First, the pressure is evacuated to 5 kPa and held for 10 minutes, and then evacuated to 1 kPa to complete the primary vacuum. At the same time, the cold box is preheated to 40°C by the heat tracing cable wrapped around the outer wall of the shell to remove moisture from the shell. Perlite with a particle size of 0.05-0.1 mm is selected and mixed in a mixing tank at a volume ratio of 1:3 between perlite and dry nitrogen. The mixture is stirred by airflow to form a uniform suspension. At the same time, a variable frequency rotating support device is built on the cold box saddle base. After fixing the cold box, it is adjusted to a low speed of 5 r / min to prepare for subsequent uniform filling.

[0049] Next, a vacuum of 0.5 kPa is maintained inside the cold box. Suspended perlite is continuously injected from the filling port of the second head 31 through a fluidized pipeline with fluidizing nozzles. During the injection process, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the cold box, combined with the adsorption force formed by the negative pressure inside the shell, guides the perlite to flow along the inner wall of the shell to all corners, avoiding dead corners in the filling process. Eight acoustic sensors are placed at different positions inside the shell to collect the acoustic wave propagation signal during the filling process of the perlite in real time. The filling density is judged by the change in signal frequency. When the local signal frequency rises sharply, the injection rate and the rotation direction of the cold box are adjusted in time to ensure that the perlite is evenly distributed. Subsequently, the supply of nitrogen as the carrier gas was stopped, while the vacuum pump continued to operate to extract the residual nitrogen and trace amounts of gas carried by the perlite from the cold box, allowing the perlite to settle and compact naturally under the action of centrifugal force and its own gravity. At the same time, the heating tape was turned off, allowing the cold box to naturally return to room temperature of 25°C while rotating. During this process, the acoustic wave sensor continuously monitored the changes in the acoustic wave propagation characteristics, and the stability of the characteristic curve was used to determine whether the settling process was uniform, ensuring that there were no local gaps or looseness issues.

[0050] Finally, the cold box rotation was stopped, and the high-vacuum molecular pump was started to evacuate the cold box to the target vacuum level of <1Pa. The final density of the perlite was checked using the acoustic detection network inside the shell. The overall density was determined by the difference in acoustic wave propagation speed at different points, and a difference of ≤5% was considered acceptable. Subsequently, a 24-hour pressure holding test was conducted. After confirming that the pressure drop of the vacuum level inside the cold box was ≤0.05Pa and there was no leakage, the valve 24 of the vacuum port 4 and the perlite filling port 5 was closed, and the vacuum system was locked, completing the entire process of perlite vacuum filling. This forms a closed-loop logic with the design requirements of cold box sealing and vacuum insulation mentioned above. By using rotation filling and negative pressure guidance, the perlite is uniformly and densely filled, accurately evacuated to the target vacuum level, and the system is locked after the pressure holding is qualified. This significantly improves the insulation performance of the cold box and meets the requirements of the low-temperature air separation process.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made based on the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A miniature vacuum cold box, characterized in that, Includes the cold box shell, air separation unit, and end cap assembly: The cold box shell includes a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell are arranged opposite to each other, and the first shell and the second shell are separate parts; The end cap assembly includes a first end cap and a second end cap arranged opposite to the first end cap, wherein the first end cap and the second end cap are respectively connected to the first housing and the second housing; The air separation unit is disposed inside the first housing, and the air separation unit is connected to both the first housing and the first end cap.

2. The miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air separation unit includes a heat exchange component, a fractionation component, and multiple support brackets. The multiple support brackets are spaced apart within the first housing. The heat exchange component and the fractionation component are spaced apart along the same radial direction on the support brackets, and the heat exchange component and the fractionation component are respectively connected to the first end cap.

3. The miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fractionation component includes a fractionation support, a fractionation tower, and a clamp. The fractionation support is disposed on the first end cap. The fractionation tower is connected to both the support support and the fractionation support, and the fractionation tower is connected to the support support via the clamp.

4. The miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat exchange component includes a heat exchange bracket and a heat exchanger. The heat exchange bracket is disposed on the first end cap and connected to the support bracket. The heat exchange bracket and the fractionation bracket are arranged at intervals, and the size of the heat exchange bracket is larger than the size of the fractionation bracket. The heat exchanger is disposed on the side of the heat exchange bracket away from the first end cap.

5. The miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air separation unit also includes pipes and valves. The pipes are disposed inside the first housing and are connected to the heat exchange component and the fractionation component, respectively. The pipes extend from the side of the first housing and the bottom of the first head, respectively. The valves are disposed on the portion of the pipes extending out of the first head.

6. The miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 5, characterized in that, The miniature vacuum cold box also includes a vacuum port, a pearlescent sand filling port, and multiple cold box support columns. The multiple cold box support columns are spaced apart at the end of the first end cap away from the cold box shell. The vacuum port and the pipe extending out of the first end cap are spaced apart on the first end cap and located between the multiple cold box support columns. The pearlescent sand filling port is located at the end of the second end cap away from the cold box shell.

7. A method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box, characterized in that, The miniature vacuum cold box according to any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: The first housing is placed horizontally on the saddle, and is kept stable by the support of the saddle; The first end cap is fixedly connected to one end of the first housing, and then the air separation device is placed into the first housing, thus completing the fixed connection of the air separation device to the first end cap and the first housing respectively. The second housing is placed on top of the first housing, so that the second housing is sealed to the first housing and the first end cap respectively; The second end cap is fixed to the other end of the first shell, so that the second end cap is connected to the first shell and the second shell respectively to form a closed cold box shell; The assembled cold box shell is erected vertically and fixed to a concrete support pier using cold box support columns, thus completing the overall installation and positioning of the miniature vacuum cold box.

8. The method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the steps of fixing the first end cap to one end of the first housing and then placing the air separation unit into the first housing to complete the fixed connection of the air separation unit to the first end cap and the first housing respectively, the process includes: The integrated prefabricated module is hoisted into the first housing, and the installation position is monitored and corrected by a magnetic guidance system. A distributed optical fiber sensor network is arranged at the interface between the module and the first housing and the first end cap. The first shell is pre-cooled to cause it to shrink and deform. The prefabricated module is precisely embedded into the target position with magnetic assistance using the shrinkage gap. It is temporarily fixed by magnetic clamps, and the fiber optic sensor network synchronously monitors the force data of the module. The first housing is allowed to naturally return to room temperature. The principle of thermal expansion and contraction is used to automatically compress the module and the interface. The fiber optic sensor network provides real-time feedback on the changes in the rebound force and analyzes the sealing and compression effect of the interface. Remove the magnetic clamps, save the stress state benchmark data of the fiber optic sensor network, and automatically verify the pipe sealing, cable conductivity, and instrument accuracy of the prefabricated modules to generate installation quality reports and full life cycle monitoring benchmarks.

9. The method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the steps of fixing the first end cap to one end of the first housing, and then placing the air separation unit into the first housing to complete the fixing connection of the air separation unit to the first end cap and the first housing respectively, the method further includes: An inert gas pulse purging process is used to remove impurities from the inner wall of the pipeline. Distributed fiber optic sensors, hydrogen sensor arrays and AI vision systems are deployed to establish a multi-dimensional pipeline inspection benchmark. A hydrogen-gas mixture is introduced into the pipeline system and pressurized to 1.25 times the design pressure. A hydrogen sensor array is used to monitor leak points, and an AI algorithm integrates the sensor data to accurately locate the leak. The pipeline crawling robot is activated, and it uses its onboard panoramic camera and eddy current probe to identify weld defects and generate 3D images. It then matches the repair plan to complete the leak elimination operation. After the leak was eliminated, hydrogen pressurization testing was conducted again, and the repaired parts were re-inspected by AI vision and eddy current probe. The pipeline system was judged to be qualified by integrating multi-dimensional test data.

10. The method for installing a miniature vacuum cold box according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the step of fixing the second end cap to the other end of the first shell, so that the second end cap is connected to the first shell and the second shell respectively to form a closed cold box shell, the following steps are included: The sealed cold box is subjected to staged vacuuming and preheating treatment. The perlite is mixed with the carrier gas to form a suspension. A rotating support device is built to keep the cold box rotating at a low speed. Maintain the preset vacuum level in the cold box, inject suspended perlite through fluidized pipeline, and use centrifugal force and negative pressure to guide the perlite to distribute evenly. Acoustic sensor monitors the filling status in real time. Stop the supply of carrier gas, use a vacuum pump to remove the residual gas in the cold box, allow the perlite to settle and compact naturally, allow the cold box to naturally return to room temperature, and continue to rotate while monitoring changes in sound wave propagation characteristics. Stop rotating the cold box, evacuate the cold box to the target vacuum level, and use an acoustic detection network to perform the final density test of the perlite. After the pressure holding test verifies that it is qualified, lock the vacuum system.

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