Electrode lateral installation device and three-dimensional resistivity prospecting method

Abstract

The application provides an electrode lateral installation device and a three-dimensional resistivity exploration method, which comprises a steel structure framework, a rotary motor, a hydraulic drive assembly, a gear adjusting assembly, a replaceable operation end and a liquid delivery assembly; the steel structure framework is adapted to the internal cavity of a general drill rod, bears each assembly and detachably connects the device with the general drill rod; the rotary motor is in sliding connection with the steel structure framework; the hydraulic drive assembly is fixed on the steel structure framework and connected with the rear end of the rotary motor, and drives the rotary motor to displace forward and backward; the input end of the gear adjusting assembly is in transmission connection with the output end of the rotary motor; the replaceable operation end is detachably installed on the output end of the gear adjusting assembly and comprises a drill bit for lateral drilling and a mounting seat for electrode embedding. The application integrates the core functions of lateral drilling, resistance reducing agent injection and electrode embedding, simplifies the construction process of lateral electrode embedding and improves the positioning precision and operation efficiency of electrode embedding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration technology, specifically an electrode lateral mounting device and a three-dimensional resistivity exploration method. Background Technology

[0002] Resistivity exploration is one of the main methods in shallow geophysical exploration, and in recent years it has been widely used in many industries such as environmental geology, engineering geology, coal mine water hazard investigation, and ground fissure investigation. Its core principle is to invert the distribution, morphology, and physical properties of underground geological bodies by detecting differences in resistivity of the subsurface medium, providing geophysical data support for geological interpretation and engineering decision-making.

[0003] The four-electrode method is currently the most classic and widely used basic measurement method in resistivity exploration. The specific method is as follows: four electrodes are arranged in the detection area in a preset order and spacing. A stable DC current is input to the power supply electrodes A and B through the power supply system to form an artificial current field in the underground medium. At the same time, the potential difference between the two electrodes under the current field is detected by the measuring electrodes M and N. Finally, the apparent resistivity value at the measuring point is calculated.

[0004] The four-electrode method is characterized by a clear division of labor among the electrodes, effectively avoiding direct interference from the power supply current to the potential measurement, resulting in high measurement accuracy and strong data stability; however, the single-point measurement efficiency is low, and it cannot achieve large-area, high-density regional detection when used alone.

[0005] High-density resistivity resistivity is a large-scale, automated exploration technology developed based on the four-electrode method. By arranging electrodes in an array and using automated circuit switching measurements, a large number of four-electrode method measurement points are integrated into a single detection area, achieving high-efficiency and high-density resistivity data acquisition.

[0006] In practical engineering applications of high-density electrical resistivity tomography (EDT), its detection performance is directly constrained by the electrode arrangement: the lateral resolution of the detection is inversely proportional to the electrode spacing a, and the smaller the electrode spacing, the higher the lateral resolution; the detection depth is directly proportional to the total electrode spacing L, and the larger the total electrode spacing of the survey line, the deeper the current penetrates underground, and the greater the achievable detection depth.

[0007] Based on the above principle, the existing electrode arrangement schemes in high-density electrical resistivity tomography all concentrate the electrodes on the surface survey line of the area to be detected. This arrangement method has an insurmountable defect: if the electrode spacing a remains unchanged to meet the lateral resolution requirements, more electrodes must be arranged on the survey line to increase the total electrode spacing L in order to improve the detection depth.

[0008] This not only increases equipment costs and the time required for field electrode deployment, but also, due to limitations imposed by the propagation law of the current field in the four-electrode method and the surface electrode deployment pattern, the survey line coverage density in deep areas within the measurement range is much lower than that in shallow areas, such as...Figure 1 As shown, the schematic lines of the measurement area gradually thin out with increasing depth, which directly leads to a sharp drop in the resolution of deep-layer detection and poor spatial integrity of the detection results.

[0009] Furthermore, to overcome the limitations of planar electrode placement on the ground and achieve three-dimensional, circular electrode deployment in underground space, specialized equipment is needed to complete lateral drilling and electrode installation within confined boreholes. Existing conventional drilling equipment can only perform vertical drilling and electrode installation, and cannot perform precise lateral drilling in horizontal or inclined directions within pre-formed small boreholes. Lateral electrode installation requires multiple equipment changes and repeated positioning and calibration, resulting in cumbersome procedures, low efficiency, and large positioning errors in electrode installation. It also fails to guarantee good electrical contact between the installed electrodes and the surrounding medium, leading to high noise levels and uncontrollable data quality, thus limiting the development and engineering application of three-dimensional resistivity detection technology. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The main objective of this invention is to provide an electrode lateral installation device and a three-dimensional resistivity exploration method for obtaining comprehensive underground three-dimensional resistivity information with a small number of electrodes.

[0011] The electrode lateral mounting device provided by this invention includes a steel frame, a rotary motor, a hydraulic drive assembly, a gear adjustment assembly, a replaceable working end, and a liquid delivery assembly. The steel frame is adapted to the internal cavity of a universal drill pipe, supports each assembly, and detachably connects the device to the universal drill pipe. The rotary motor is slidably connected to the steel frame. The hydraulic drive assembly is fixed to the steel frame and connected to the rear end of the rotary motor, driving the rotary motor to move back and forth. The input end of the gear adjustment assembly is driven by the output end of the rotary motor, used to adjust the output torque and speed. The replaceable working end is detachably mounted on the output end of the gear adjustment assembly, including a drill bit for lateral drilling and a mounting base for electrode embedding. The liquid delivery assembly is used to inject a conductive and resistance-reducing medium into the electrode pre-embedded hole during the electrode embedding process.

[0012] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned device, the hydraulic drive assembly includes a hydraulic pump and a piston assembly; the hydraulic pump is fixed to the rear end of the steel structure frame; the piston assembly includes a piston rod and a piston cylinder, the piston rod is fixedly connected to the rear end of the rotary motor, and the piston cylinder has pipe openings at both ends, which are respectively connected to the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump drives the piston rod to reciprocate and extend by alternately supplying hydraulic medium to both ends of the piston cylinder.

[0013] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned device, a slide rail is provided on the outer shell of the rotary motor, and a slider is provided at a corresponding position on the steel structure frame. The rotary motor achieves sliding connection with the steel structure frame through the cooperation of the slide rail and the slider.

[0014] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned device, a limiting seat is further included, which is fixed to the outer wall of the universal drill pipe; the housing of the gear adjustment component is provided with a sliding groove in the same direction as the piston rod movement, and a limiting rod is correspondingly provided on the limiting seat. A slider that is slidably connected to the sliding groove is provided at the top of the limiting rod, which is used to constrain the displacement stroke and movement direction of the gear adjustment component.

[0015] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned device, the liquid delivery assembly includes a liquid storage chamber, a connecting pipe, a retractable liquid delivery pipeline, and a liquid nozzle; the liquid storage chamber is fixed to the bottom of the steel structure frame, and a storage chamber opening is provided on the side wall; the retractable liquid delivery pipeline is opened in the gear adjustment assembly and the limit seat; the liquid storage chamber is connected to the retractable liquid delivery pipeline through the connecting pipe; the liquid nozzle is installed on the mounting base and connected to the liquid outlet end of the retractable liquid delivery pipeline.

[0016] In one embodiment of the above device, the mounting base is a clamping structure used to clamp and fix the electrode sensor; the mounting interface of the drill bit and the mounting base is adapted to the output end of the gear adjustment component.

[0017] A three-dimensional resistivity exploration method based on the above-mentioned device includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Determine the surface survey line parameters and the electrode layout parameters of the top, bottom, left and right sides of the detection area to form a three-dimensional surrounding electrode array layout scheme.

[0019] S2. Drill a vertical main borehole at the designed location to the preset depth;

[0020] S3. Using the electrode lateral mounting device, the lateral drilling, resistance-reducing medium injection, and electrode sensor installation operations at preset depths are completed sequentially from bottom to top in the vertical main borehole.

[0021] S4. Install a bottom electrode sensor at the bottom of the vertical main borehole;

[0022] S5. After completing the electrode installation for all planned vertical main boreholes, repeat the operation and backfill and compact the boreholes in sections.

[0023] S6. Install top electrode sensors at the corresponding locations on the ground surface;

[0024] S7. Connect all electrodes to the resistivity measurement system, use the quasi-adjacent excitation mode to perform cross-surface excitation and cross-surface measurement, collect three-dimensional apparent resistivity data of the whole area and perform inversion imaging to obtain information on underground geological bodies.

[0025] In step S1, the three-dimensional surrounding electrode array arrangement scheme is as follows: the electrode arrangement directions of the top and bottom are perpendicular to each other, the electrode arrangement directions of the left and right sides are perpendicular to each other, and the electrode arrangement positions of the four sides are connected end to end; the number of electrodes on each side is determined separately according to the accuracy requirements of the corresponding detection surface and is not less than 4.

[0026] In step S3, the specific process for burying a single lateral electrode is as follows: S3.1 Insert the electrode lateral mounting device into the general-purpose drill pipe, add conductive resistance-reducing medium, and install the drill bit; S3.2 Lower the general-purpose drill pipe to the preset depth and adjust the circumferential angle to align with the target burying direction; S3.3 Start the rotary motor and hydraulic pump to drive the drill bit to complete the lateral drilling operation; S3.4 Reset the device and lift it to the ground surface, and replace the drill bit with a mounting base that holds the electrode sensor to be buried; S3.5 Lower the device back to the original depth, drive the mounting base into the pre-buried hole, first inject conductive resistance-reducing medium through the liquid nozzle, and then push the electrode sensor to the preset position; S3.6 Fill the hole opening section with original rock debris for sealing and fixing.

[0027] In step S7, the quasi-adjacent excitation mode is to control the multi-electrode switching switch to automatically switch the power supply electrode and measurement electrode combination, realize mutual excitation and mutual measurement between the four side electrodes, and collect the apparent resistivity data under all electrode combinations.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. Breaking through the limitations of traditional high-density electrical resistivity tomography (EDT) methods that can only deploy electrodes on a single plane on the ground, this method adopts a three-dimensional spatially symmetrical, non-coplanar, surrounding electrode array arrangement. Electrodes are deployed on the top, bottom, left, and right sides of the area to be detected. Through multi-plane electrode excitation and measurement across the plane, uniform coverage of the entire detection area is achieved, solving the problems of the traditional scheme where the coverage density of the survey line drops sharply with depth and the deep resolution is insufficient. At the same time, this scheme can achieve a more comprehensive three-dimensional detection effect with fewer electrodes, reducing the workload of electrode and cable deployment, lowering equipment investment costs and field operation time. Data acquisition in multiple directions across the entire area can be completed with a single electrode deployment, improving the efficiency of detection operations.

[0030] 2. An integrated, detachable lateral drilling rig is provided, which integrates core functions such as lateral drilling, drag-reducing agent injection, and electrode installation. It completes fine lateral drilling and electrode installation within small boreholes, eliminating the need for multiple equipment changes and repositioning. This simplifies the construction process for lateral electrode installation and improves the positioning accuracy and work efficiency of electrode installation. At the same time, the device is equipped with a liquid delivery component, which injects drag-reducing medium into the pre-buried holes during electrode installation, actively optimizing the electrical contact between the electrode and the surrounding rock. This solves the problems of poor contact and high data noise in lateral electrode installation, and improves the stability and reliability of the acquired data. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the detection area coverage of a traditional high-density electrical resistivity tomography (EDT) field with a planar array of electrodes.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a top view of the lateral mounting device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A side view of the liquid storage chamber.

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the operational status of the electrode sensor being installed in the device.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial electrode laying method in this embodiment.

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the measurement range of the Chinese method.

[0037] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0038] 1. Drill bit; 2. Gear adjustment seat; 3. Limit seat; 4. Hydraulic pump; 5. Rotary motor; 6. Piston assembly; 7. Liquid delivery pipeline; 8. Pipe opening; 9. Connecting pipe; 10. Liquid storage chamber; 11. Storage chamber switch; 13. Mounting base; 14. Liquid nozzle; 15. Steel structure frame. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The relevant technical solutions will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the electrode lateral mounting device disclosed in this embodiment is an integrated detachable lateral drilling rig, including a drill bit 1, a gear adjustment assembly 2, a hydraulic drive assembly, a rotary motor 5, a liquid delivery assembly, and a steel structure frame 15. The device is detachably installed inside a universal drill rod, completing the lateral drilling and electrode installation operations within a pre-formed vertical borehole.

[0041] This device uses a universal drill pipe and a steel frame 15 as the supporting base. The steel frame is compatible with the internal cavity of the universal drill pipe, ensuring that the device is stably installed inside the drill pipe and avoiding radial movement during operation.

[0042] A limit seat 3 is fixed to the outer wall of the universal drill pipe, and a gear adjustment component 2 is installed outside the limit seat. The drill bit 1 is mounted on the output end of the gear adjustment component. The rotary motor 5 is slidably connected to the steel structure frame 15, and the output end of the rotary motor is drivenly connected to the input end of the gear adjustment component. The hydraulic drive component is fixed to the steel structure frame and connected to the rear end of the rotary motor, driving its forward and backward displacement.

[0043] The hydraulic drive assembly includes a hydraulic pump 4 and a piston assembly 6. The hydraulic pump 4 is fixed to the rear end of the steel frame 15; the piston assembly includes a piston rod and a piston cylinder. The piston rod is fixedly connected to the rear end of the rotary motor 5, and the piston cylinder has pipe openings 8 at both ends, which are respectively connected to the hydraulic pump 4.

[0044] The hydraulic pump 4 alternately delivers hydraulic medium to the pipe openings 8 at both ends of the piston cylinder, driving the piston rod to reciprocate along the axial direction of the piston cylinder, thereby driving the rotary motor 5 to complete a stable forward and backward sliding displacement.

[0045] Multiple slide rails are provided on the outer casing of the rotary motor 5, and corresponding sliders are provided on the steel frame 15. The sliding connection between the rotary motor and the steel frame is achieved by the cooperation of the sliders and the slide rails.

[0046] The gear adjustment assembly 2 has multiple grooves on its housing that are in the same direction as the piston rod. The limit seat 3 is provided with a limit rod, and the top of the limit rod is provided with a slider that is slidably connected to the groove, so that the gear adjustment assembly can slide back and forth relative to the limit seat along the direction of the limit rod.

[0047] The limiting rod and slider of the limiting seat 3 can limit the drilling stroke of the drill bit 1. Under the action of multiple limiting rods, the displacement or rotation of the gear adjustment component in other directions is restricted, so as to avoid over-travel displacement during drilling and ensure the accurate control of the lateral drilling depth.

[0048] The input end of the gear adjustment component 2 is connected to the output end of the rotary motor 5, and the drill bit 1 is detachably installed on the output end of the gear adjustment component 2. When the rotary motor 5 is running, the output torque and speed can be adjusted through the gear adjustment component 2 to drive the drill bit 1 to complete the rotary drilling operation.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the liquid delivery assembly includes a liquid delivery pipe 7, a connecting pipe 9, a liquid storage chamber 10, a storage chamber opening 11, and a liquid nozzle 14.

[0050] The liquid storage chamber 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel structure frame 15. The side wall of the liquid storage chamber is provided with a storage chamber switch 11 for adding or replacing the conductive resistance reducing medium inside the liquid storage chamber. In this embodiment, the conductive resistance reducing medium is a high-concentration brine.

[0051] The gear adjustment assembly 2 and the limit seat 3 are also equipped with a liquid delivery pipe 7, which is telescopic and adjustable to accommodate the displacement movement of the gear adjustment assembly. The liquid storage chamber 10 is connected to the liquid delivery pipe via a connecting pipe 9.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the drill bit 1 can be detached from the output end of the gear adjustment component 2 and replaced with a mounting base 13. The mounting interface of the mounting base is compatible with the output end of the gear adjustment component. The mounting base has a gripper structure, which can hold or place the electrode sensor. After replacement, the mounting base can be driven by a hydraulic drive component to complete the radial pushing and embedding operation.

[0053] Meanwhile, a liquid nozzle 14 is installed on the mounting base 13. The nozzle is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid delivery pipeline. When the electrode sensor is placed on the mounting base, the conductive resistance-reducing medium in the liquid storage chamber 10 is sprayed outward.

[0054] This device can achieve a fully integrated operation of lateral drilling, resistance-reducing medium injection, and electrode installation. Its core working principle is as follows:

[0055] After the device is assembled with a steel frame and a universal drill pipe, it can be lowered to a preset depth in the pre-formed vertical borehole along with the universal drill pipe. A rotary motor, in conjunction with a hydraulic drive assembly, drives the drill bit to complete the lateral precision drilling operation, forming the electrode pre-embedded hole. After the drilling operation is completed, the drill bit is replaced with a mounting base, and the hydraulic drive assembly drives the mounting base back into the electrode pre-embedded hole. First, a conductive and resistance-reducing medium is injected into the hole through a liquid nozzle to actively optimize the electrical contact environment between the electrode and the surrounding rock. Then, the driven electrode sensor is placed in the pre-embedded hole to complete the lateral embedding of the electrode. After the operation is completed, the hydraulic drive assembly is reset and raised to the ground surface with the universal drill pipe, without the need to leave any additional auxiliary components in the borehole.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a three-dimensional resistivity exploration method, which is implemented based on the aforementioned electrode lateral mounting device. It employs a three-dimensional spatially symmetrical, non-coplanar, surrounding electrode array arrangement to achieve uniform detection throughout the entire underground area. The specific steps are as follows:

[0057] S1. Exploration scheme design;

[0058] Based on the geological conditions and accuracy requirements of the area to be explored, the location, total length, and electrode spacing of the surface survey lines are determined. Following the four-electrode method and the three-dimensional surround electrode arrangement requirements, the number of electrodes (n1, n2, n3, n4) on the top, bottom, left, and right sides of the exploration area are determined. The electrodes at the top and bottom are perpendicular to each other, as are those on the left and right sides, and the lines connecting the electrode positions on the four sides end in a continuous loop. In this embodiment, n1 = n2 = n3 = n4, and all are ≥ 4. The actual number of electrodes can be adjusted individually according to the accuracy requirements of each side. The electrode arrangement number n... i The number of probes increases as the required detection accuracy for each probe surface increases; by accurately locating the pre-embedded coordinates of each electrode through 3D modeling, the corresponding depth of each lateral electrode in the vertical main borehole is determined, forming a complete exploration and construction plan;

[0059] S2, Vertical main borehole construction;

[0060] Conventional drilling equipment was used to construct a vertical main borehole at the designed location. The borehole diameter was matched with the outer diameter of the universal drill rod and the electrode lateral mounting device, and the borehole depth reached the designed depth. After the borehole was completed, it was ensured that the borehole wall was regular and did not collapse, so as to provide conditions for subsequent lateral drilling operations.

[0061] S3. Vertical main borehole inner side electrode installation;

[0062] Using the aforementioned electrode lateral mounting device, the lateral embedding of electrode sensors near the borehole sidewall is completed sequentially from bottom to top within the vertical main borehole. The complete embedding process for a single electrode is as follows:

[0063] S3.1 Device Assembly: Install the electrode side mounting device into the internal cavity of the universal drill pipe; add sufficient high-concentration brine as a conductive and resistance-reducing medium through the storage chamber switch port 11; install the drill bit 1 on the output end of the gear adjustment component 2 to complete the pre-operation assembly;

[0064] S3.2 Lowering and Positioning: Lower the assembled universal drill rod to the preset depth of the current electrode in the vertical main borehole, adjust the circumferential angle of the universal drill rod, and align the output end of the gear adjustment component 2 with the target embedding direction of the side wall of the borehole to be drilled to complete the spatial positioning.

[0065] S3.3 Lateral drilling operation: Start the rotary motor 5, adjust the output torque and speed through the gear adjustment component 2, and drive the drill bit 1 to rotate; at the same time, start the hydraulic pump 4, drive the piston rod to extend forward, drive the rotary motor 5 to slide forward along the slide rail of the steel structure frame 15, and then push the gear adjustment component 2 to move forward along the limit rod of the limit seat 3, so that the rotating drill bit 1 completes the lateral drilling operation and forms the electrode pre-embedded hole; during the drilling process, the limit rod of the limit seat 3 constrains the displacement stroke of the gear adjustment component 2;

[0066] S3.4 Working end replacement: After drilling is completed, the hydraulic pump 4 drives the piston rod to drive the rotary motor 5 and the gear adjustment component 2 to reset; the general drill rod is lifted to the ground surface, the drill bit 1 is removed and replaced with the mounting base 13, the electrode sensor to be buried is clamped and fixed on the jaws of the mounting base 13, and it is confirmed that the liquid nozzle 14 and the liquid delivery pipe 7 are connected in good condition.

[0067] S3.5 Electrode Installation and Resistance Reduction Injection: Lower the universal drill rod back to the original drilling depth, aligning the mounting base 13 with the pre-formed electrode embedding hole; start the hydraulic pump 4, driving the piston rod forward to push the mounting base 13 into the electrode embedding hole; when the front end of the mounting base 13 enters the hole at a preset distance, activate the liquid delivery assembly, and the high-concentration brine in the liquid storage chamber 10 is delivered to the liquid nozzle 14 through the connecting pipe 9 and the retractable liquid delivery pipe 7, and sprayed evenly into the electrode embedding hole to completely fill the gap between the electrode and the hole wall, optimizing the electrical contact environment of the surrounding rock; continue to drive the mounting base 13 forward to push the electrode sensor to the preset embedding position in the hole and place it.

[0068] S3.6 Device Reset: After the electrode is installed, the hydraulic pump 4 drives the piston rod to reset the mounting base 13, and the mounting base 13 retracts with the device; the universal drill rod is then lifted to the borehole opening;

[0069] S3.7 Simple backfilling of lateral holes: The original rock debris generated during this drilling is filled into the hole opening of the electrode pre-embedded hole for simple sealing and fixation to prevent electrode displacement; the remaining holes rely on the natural and slow closure of the surrounding rock itself by the ground stress, continuously squeezing the electrode and the resistance-reducing medium to ensure long-term good electrical contact.

[0070] S4. Bottom electrode installation at the bottom of the vertical main borehole;

[0071] After all the lateral electrodes are installed, the universal drill rod is lowered to the bottom of the vertical main borehole, and the bottom electrode sensor is pressed into the preset position at the bottom of the borehole to ensure that the electrode is in close contact with the rock and soil at the bottom of the hole.

[0072] S5. Repeat the vertical main borehole drilling operation and backfill;

[0073] Repeat steps S2 to S4 to complete the installation of all planned vertical main boreholes and their lateral and bottom electrode sensors. After confirming that the conductivity and contact resistance of all lateral and bottom electrodes are up to standard, backfill and compact the vertical main boreholes in sections using native soil or low-resistance cement mortar. During the backfilling process, arrange and protect the electrode lead-out cables section by section to prevent the cables from being damaged, bent, or squeezed and displaced by the backfill material until the backfill is level with the ground surface.

[0074] S6. Top electrode layout;

[0075] According to the coordinates designed in the exploration plan, top electrode sensors are deployed at the corresponding positions on the ground surface to ensure that the electrodes are in close contact with the surface soil layer, thus completing the deployment of the top electrode array.

[0076] S7. Data acquisition, processing, and inversion imaging;

[0077] Lay insulated cables on the ground and connect all the terminals of the top, bottom, left, and right electrodes to the multi-electrode conversion switch and resistivity meter. Thoroughly check the conductivity, contact resistance, and system wiring of all electrodes. After confirming that everything is correct, proceed with equipment debugging.

[0078] The measurement mode of quasi-adjacent excitation is adopted, and the multi-electrode switching switch is controlled to automatically switch the combination of power supply electrode and measurement electrode to realize cross-plane excitation and cross-plane measurement between the four side electrodes; the apparent resistivity data under all electrode combinations are collected in sequence, and the measurement results of different excitation methods and different measurement positions are recorded to complete the three-dimensional data acquisition of the entire detection area.

[0079] The raw apparent resistivity data was preprocessed to remove abnormal noise data; a three-dimensional resistivity inversion algorithm was used to invert the preprocessed data to generate a three-dimensional resistivity distribution model of the area to be detected; the inversion results were comprehensively analyzed and interpreted in conjunction with regional geological data to obtain the distribution, morphology and physical properties of underground geological bodies.

[0080] like Figure 6 As shown, under the electrode layout of this method, a quasi-adjacent excitation measurement mode is adopted. The multi-electrode switching switch is controlled to automatically switch the power supply electrode and measurement electrode combination, so as to realize mutual excitation and mutual measurement between the four side electrodes, collect the apparent resistivity data under all electrode combinations, and achieve coverage of the entire three-dimensional area through mutual excitation and measurement of each planar electrode.

[0081] Unlike traditional electrode arrangements, the data measured for quasi-adjacent excitations are calculated using the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, M represents the number of measurement data obtained, and N 电极 This represents the total number of electrodes.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although detailed descriptions have been provided with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrode lateral mounting device, characterized in that: It includes a steel frame structure, a rotary motor, a hydraulic drive assembly, a gear adjustment assembly, a replaceable working end, and a liquid delivery assembly; The steel frame is adapted to the internal cavity of the universal drill pipe, supports the components, and detachably connects the device to the universal drill pipe; the rotary motor is slidably connected to the steel frame; the hydraulic drive assembly is fixed to the steel frame and connected to the rear end of the rotary motor, driving the rotary motor to move back and forth; the input end of the gear adjustment assembly is driven by the output end of the rotary motor, used to adjust the output torque and speed; the replaceable working end is detachably installed on the output end of the gear adjustment assembly, including a drill bit for lateral drilling and a mounting base for electrode embedding; the liquid delivery assembly is used to inject a conductive and resistance-reducing medium into the electrode pre-embedded hole during the electrode embedding process.

2. The electrode lateral mounting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic drive assembly includes a hydraulic pump and a piston assembly; the hydraulic pump is fixed to the rear end of the steel structure frame; the piston assembly includes a piston rod and a piston cylinder, the piston rod is fixedly connected to the rear end of the rotary motor, and the piston cylinder has pipe openings at both ends, which are respectively connected to the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump drives the piston rod to reciprocate and extend by alternately supplying hydraulic medium to both ends of the piston cylinder.

3. The electrode lateral mounting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary motor has a slide rail on its outer casing and a slider on the corresponding position on the steel frame. The rotary motor achieves a sliding connection with the steel frame through the cooperation of the slide rail and the slider.

4. The electrode lateral mounting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a limiting seat fixed to the outer wall of the universal drill pipe; the housing of the gear adjustment component is provided with a sliding groove in the same direction as the piston rod movement, and a limiting rod is correspondingly provided on the limiting seat. The top of the limiting rod is provided with a slider that is slidably connected to the sliding groove, which is used to constrain the displacement stroke and movement direction of the gear adjustment component.

5. The electrode lateral mounting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid delivery assembly includes a liquid storage chamber, a connecting pipe, a retractable liquid delivery pipeline, and a liquid nozzle; the liquid storage chamber is fixed to the bottom of the steel structure frame, and a storage chamber opening is provided on the side wall; the retractable liquid delivery pipeline is located within the gear adjustment assembly and the limit seat; the liquid storage chamber is connected to the retractable liquid delivery pipeline through the connecting pipe; the liquid nozzle is installed on the mounting base and connected to the liquid outlet end of the retractable liquid delivery pipeline.

6. The electrode lateral mounting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base is a claw structure used to hold and fix the electrode sensor; the mounting interface of the drill bit and the mounting base is adapted to the output end of the gear adjustment component.

7. A three-dimensional resistivity exploration method based on the electrode lateral mounting device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the surface survey line parameters and the electrode layout parameters of the top, bottom, left and right sides of the detection area to form a three-dimensional surrounding electrode array layout scheme. S2. Drill a vertical main borehole at the designed location to the preset depth; S3. Using the electrode lateral mounting device, the lateral drilling, resistance-reducing medium injection, and electrode sensor installation operations at preset depths are completed sequentially from bottom to top in the vertical main borehole. S4. Install a bottom electrode sensor at the bottom of the vertical main borehole; S5. After completing the electrode installation for all planned vertical main boreholes, repeat the operation and backfill and compact the boreholes in sections. S6. Install top electrode sensors at the corresponding locations on the ground surface; S7. Connect all electrodes to the resistivity measurement system, use the quasi-adjacent excitation mode to perform cross-surface excitation and cross-surface measurement, collect three-dimensional apparent resistivity data of the whole area and perform inversion imaging to obtain information on underground geological bodies.

8. The three-dimensional resistivity exploration method as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the three-dimensional surrounding electrode array arrangement scheme is as follows: the electrode arrangement directions of the top and bottom are perpendicular to each other, the electrode arrangement directions of the left and right sides are perpendicular to each other, and the electrode arrangement positions of the four sides are connected end to end; the number of electrodes on each side is determined separately according to the accuracy requirements of the corresponding detection surface and is not less than 4.

9. The three-dimensional resistivity exploration method as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific process for embedding a single lateral electrode is as follows: S3.1 Insert the electrode lateral mounting device into the universal drill pipe, add conductive resistance-reducing medium, and install the drill bit; S3.2 Lower the universal drill pipe to the preset depth and adjust the circumferential angle to align with the target burial direction; S3.3 Start the rotary motor and hydraulic pump to drive the drill bit to complete the lateral drilling operation; S3.4 Reset the device and raise it to the ground surface, replacing the drill bit with a mounting base holding the electrode sensor to be buried; S3.5 Lower the device back to the original depth, drive the mounting base into the pre-buried hole, first inject conductive resistance-reducing medium through the liquid nozzle, and then push the electrode sensor to the preset position; S3.6 Fill the hole opening section with original rock debris for sealing and fixing.

10. The three-dimensional resistivity exploration method as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In step S7, the quasi-adjacent excitation mode is to control the multi-electrode switching switch to automatically switch the power supply electrode and measurement electrode combination, realize mutual excitation and mutual measurement between the four side electrodes, and collect the apparent resistivity data under all electrode combinations.

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