Bedding for chicken houses

Abstract

This invention discloses a bedding material for chicken houses. The bedding material includes, from top to bottom, an ammonia-locking layer, a flow-guiding and degradation layer, and a ventilation and buffer layer, all of which are mixed layers formed by mixing various raw materials. The upper surface of the flow-guiding and degradation layer has an array of parallel, continuous, elongated flow channels. Each flow channel includes a slow-flowing section and a fast-flowing section connected vertically. The angle between the slow-flowing section and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the fast-flowing section and the horizontal plane. At night, chicken excrement is less abundant. After being adsorbed and locked by the ammonia-locking layer, it flows to the flow-guiding and degradation layer, enters the flow channels, and flows along the slow-flowing section. The excrement remains in the slow-flowing section and slowly seeps downwards, achieving slow-release degradation of the excrement. This prevents the excrement from rapidly seeping into the lower layers of the bedding and forming silt, thus preventing anaerobic fermentation and avoiding dampness, decay, and compaction of the bedding material, thereby reducing ammonia production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of poultry bedding technology, and more particularly to a bedding material for chicken houses. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale chicken farming, bedding is typically laid on the floor to keep the chicken coop dry and reduce ammonia volatilization. Traditional bedding is often made of a single material or a simple mixture, relying mainly on its own pores to physically absorb excrement. Chicken excrement easily and irregularly seeps into the lower layers of the bedding and accumulates, leading to anaerobic fermentation. This not only accelerates the dampness, decay, and compaction of the bedding but also significantly increases ammonia production, deteriorating the chicken coop environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a bedding material for chicken houses, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art where chicken excrement easily and irregularly seeps into the lower layer of the bedding material and forms silt, thereby triggering anaerobic fermentation. This not only accelerates the dampness, decay, and compaction of the bedding material, but also significantly aggravates ammonia production and deteriorates the chicken house breeding environment.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a bedding material for chicken houses, the bedding material comprising an ammonia-locking layer, a flow-guiding and degradation layer, and an air-permeable buffer layer stacked from top to bottom, wherein the ammonia-locking layer, the flow-guiding and degradation layer, and the air-permeable buffer layer are all mixed layers formed by mixing multiple raw materials;

[0005] The upper surface of the flow-guiding degradation layer is arrayed with multiple parallel through-type elongated flow-guiding grooves. Each flow-guiding groove includes a slow flow-guiding section and a fast flow-guiding section connected sequentially from top to bottom. The angle between the slow flow-guiding section and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the fast flow-guiding section and the horizontal plane, and the angle difference is greater than or equal to 30°.

[0006] Optionally, the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer is made of a mixture of nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, activated carbon, degreased sawdust, and bentonite.

[0007] Optionally, the mass percentage of each material in the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer is: 35%~45% nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, 15%~25% activated carbon, 30%~40% degreased sawdust, and 2.5%~7.5% bentonite.

[0008] Optionally, the flow-guiding degradation layer is made of a mixture of alkalized pretreated straw powder, rice husks, modified wheat bran carrier, and biochar.

[0009] Optionally, the mass percentage of each material in the flow-guiding degradation layer is: 35%~45% alkalized pretreated straw powder, 25%~35% rice husk, 20%~30% modified wheat bran carrier, and 2.5%~7.5% biochar.

[0010] Optionally, the ventilated buffer layer is made of a mixture of coarsely crushed carbonized corn stalks, modified perlite, and porous ceramsite.

[0011] Optionally, the mass percentage of each material in the ventilated buffer layer is: 55%~65% carbonized corn stalks, 30%~40% modified perlite, and 2.5%~7.5% porous ceramsite.

[0012] Optionally, the distance between the plurality of flow guide grooves is 4 to 6 cm, and the depth of each flow guide groove is 1.5 to 3 cm.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer is 3-5 cm, the thickness of the flow-guiding and degradation layer is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the ventilation and buffer layer is 5-7 cm.

[0014] Optionally, a breathable nonwoven fabric with a pore size of 0.1 mm is laid between the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer and the flow-guiding and degradation layer, and / or an elastic fiber web is laid between the flow-guiding and degradation layer and the breathable buffer layer.

[0015] The bedding material of this invention is laid on the floor of the chicken coop. It can be a single large piece of bedding or multiple smaller pieces pieced together. During the day, when chickens are at their peak excretion period, there is a large amount of excrement. After being adsorbed and locked by the ammonia-locking layer, the excrement flows to the flow-degrading layer, then enters the flow channel and quickly fills the slow-flow section. Subsequently, it flows along the fast-flow section into the flow-degrading layer, achieving high-speed flow of excrement and full-area degradation within the layer. Furthermore, the inclined slow-flow and fast-flow sections effectively increase the contact area between the chicken excrement and the flow-degrading layer, significantly improving the degradation efficiency. At night, when chickens are asleep, their excrement is reduced. After being adsorbed and locked by the ammonia-locking layer, the excrement flows to the drainage and degradation layer. Entering the drainage channel, it flows along the slow-moving section. Due to the gentle angle and high friction of this section, the excrement remains and slowly seeps downwards, achieving slow-release degradation. This prevents excrement from rapidly seeping into the lower bedding layer and accumulating, thus preventing anaerobic fermentation and avoiding dampness, decay, and compaction of the bedding. It also reduces ammonia production and protects the chicken house environment. Simultaneously, the bottom aeration buffer layer quickly drains excess moisture from the drainage and degradation layer, creating continuous ventilation pores within the bedding to ensure air circulation and provide the oxygen needed for aerobic degradation, further inhibiting anaerobic fermentation. This also provides structural support to the upper bedding layer, slowing down the compaction process and extending the bedding's lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chicken coop bedding material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0020] 100. Bedding material, 10. Adsorption and ammonia-locking layer, 20. Flow guiding and degradation layer, 21. Flow guiding channel, 211. Slow flow guiding section, 212. Fast flow guiding section, 30. Ventilation buffer layer.

[0021] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture (as shown in the attached figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0024] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible to those skilled in the art. If a combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be implemented, such a combination should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] This invention provides a chicken coop bedding material 100, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pad material 100 includes an adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10, a flow-guiding and degradation layer 20, and a ventilation and buffer layer 30 stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10, the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20, and the ventilation and buffer layer 30 are all mixed layers formed by mixing multiple raw materials. The upper surface of the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 has multiple parallel through-type elongated flow-guiding grooves 21. Each flow-guiding groove 21 includes a slow flow-guiding part 211 and a fast flow-guiding part 212 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The angle between the slow flow-guiding part 211 and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the fast flow-guiding part 212 and the horizontal plane, and the angle difference is greater than or equal to 30°.

[0028] The bedding material 100 of this invention is laid on the floor of the chicken coop. Specifically, it can be a single large piece of bedding material 100, or multiple smaller pieces of bedding material 100 pieced together. During the daytime, when chickens are at their peak excretion period, there is a large amount of excrement. After being adsorbed and locked by the ammonia-locking layer 10, the excrement flows to the flow-guiding degradation layer 20, then enters the flow-guiding channel 21 and quickly fills the slow-flowing section 211. Subsequently, it flows along the fast-flowing section 212 into the interior of the flow-guiding degradation layer 20, achieving high-speed flow of excrement and full-area degradation within the flow-guiding degradation layer 20. Furthermore, the inclined slow-flowing section 211 and fast-flowing section 212 effectively increase the contact area between the chicken excrement and the flow-guiding degradation layer 20, significantly improving the degradation efficiency of the flow-guiding degradation layer 20. At night, when the chickens are asleep, their excrement is less. After being adsorbed and locked by the ammonia-locking layer 10, the excrement flows to the guiding and degradation layer 20 and then into the guiding channel 21. After entering the guiding channel 21, it flows along the slow guiding section 211. Because the slow guiding section 211 has a gentle inclination angle and high friction, the excrement stays in the slow guiding section 211 and slowly seeps down, achieving slow-release degradation of the excrement. This prevents the excrement from rapidly seeping into the lower layer of the bedding 100 at night and forming silt, preventing anaerobic fermentation of the excrement. This also prevents the bedding 100 from becoming damp, rotten, and compacted, reduces ammonia production, and protects the chicken house breeding environment. Meanwhile, the bottom ventilated buffer layer 30 can quickly drain excess water that has seeped down from the degradation layer 20, creating continuous ventilated pores inside the bedding material 100 to ensure air circulation and provide the oxygen required for aerobic degradation, further inhibiting anaerobic fermentation. At the same time, it provides structural support for the upper bedding material 100, slowing down the overall compaction and hardening process of the bedding material 100 and extending the service life of the bedding material 100.

[0029] Specifically, the angle between the slow-flowing section 211 and the horizontal plane is 15°~20°, and the angle between the fast-flowing section 212 and the horizontal plane is 45°~60°. This angle setting ensures that when the discharge volume is large during the day, the excrement quickly fills the slow-flowing section 211 and is then rapidly drained along the steep fast-flowing section 212. At night, when the discharge volume is small, the excrement only lingers and seeps in at a low speed in the gentle slow-flowing section 211, significantly widening the difference in diurnal flow rate and ensuring the stable achievement of the time-series flow degradation effect, thus improving the reliability of this application. The flow channel 21 can be manufactured by a roll forming process. That is, the flow channel 21 can be directly pressed into the surface of the flow degradation layer 20 using a roll forming roller with the protrusion of the flow channel 21, or it can be formed by conventional processes such as molding and grooving. The processing method is simple and suitable for large-scale laying construction. The slow-flow guiding section 211 and the fast-flow guiding section 212 can be smoothly connected to avoid the accumulation of excrement in the guiding channel 21 and ensure smooth flow. The upper surface of the guiding degradation layer 20 is provided with a guiding channel 21 with a fast and slow inclination angle difference of ≥30°. Through the critical difference design of the two-stage inclination angle, a day and night diversion mechanism is actively constructed. It does not rely on the natural flow velocity difference caused by the size of the excrement flow, but rather uses the structural inclination angle difference to force targeted temporal regulation of fast guidance for large flow during the day and slow stagnation for small flow at night. This is a non-obvious structural improvement that produces an unexpected temporal guiding effect.

[0030] Preferably, a dedicated reinforcing skeleton can be added inside the diversion channel 21. The skeleton uses straw braided ribs or elastic support strips that are compatible with the material of the diversion degradation layer 20 to improve the structural strength of the diversion degradation layer 20. Specifically, the straw braided ribs are made of straw that has undergone alkalization pretreatment and woven into a mesh shape (mesh aperture 0.5~1cm), which is embedded in the side wall and bottom of the diversion channel 21. It is seamlessly integrated with the straw powder and rice husk material of the diversion degradation layer 20, which not only enhances the structural rigidity of the diversion channel 21 and prevents deformation due to trampling, but also does not block the diversion channel or affect the day and night diversion rate. The elastic support strips are made of food-grade elastic plastic strips (diameter 0.3~0.5cm), which are embedded in parallel at intervals of 2~3cm at the bottom of the rapid diversion section 212 of the diversion channel 21. They use their elastic deformation to buffer the pressure of chickens trampling, preventing the rapid diversion section 212 from collapsing due to concentrated force, while not interfering with the rapid descent of excrement.

[0031] In one embodiment, the ammonia-locking layer 10 is made of a mixture of nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, activated carbon, defatted sawdust, and bentonite. Zeolite powder can efficiently adsorb and fix ammonia nitrogen in excrement, inhibiting ammonia volatilization, while simultaneously rapidly adsorbing surface moisture. Furthermore, during peak chicken excretion periods in the daytime, the large volume of excrement allows the porous structure of the zeolite powder to be quickly permeated, rapidly guiding the excrement to the lower guide channel 21; at night, the smaller volume of excrement allows the zeolite powder to form a moderate barrier through its capillary pores, slowing the infiltration rate and achieving diurnal flow guidance. Additionally, the nitrate-loaded modification of the zeolite powder significantly enhances its ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity. Specifically, the zeolite powder is nitrate-loaded modified by soaking in a 1 mol / L nitric acid solution for 24 hours and then drying at 105°C for 3 hours. Activated carbon has high adsorption capacity and can form a surface liquid film. During the day, the large volume of liquid breaks through the liquid film and rapidly infiltrates, while at night, the small volume of liquid is adsorbed and retained by the liquid film, controlling the flow rate. Degreased sawdust fibers have large pores that conduct water quickly, while small pores retain liquid. During the day, the large pores allow for rapid flow, while at night, the thin laminar flow is hindered by the resistance of the small pore fibers. Bentonite swells slightly when exposed to liquid. During the day, the liquid is more abundant and the swelling is more uniform, resulting in relatively low resistance and rapid passage of excrement. At night, the liquid is less abundant, and only localized areas can absorb liquid and swell, leading to relatively higher resistance and thus achieving slow release.

[0032] By setting up an adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10 made of nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, activated carbon, defatted sawdust, and bentonite, not only is the directional adsorption of ammonia nitrogen enhanced, but the activated carbon also adsorbs odorous gases simultaneously. It can also match the actual day and night functional requirements, enabling rapid passage of excrement during the day to degrade a large amount of excrement, preventing excrement from rapidly seeping into the lower layer of bedding 100 at night and forming silt, preventing anaerobic fermentation of excrement, thereby avoiding dampness, decay, and compaction of bedding 100, reducing ammonia production, and protecting the chicken house breeding environment.

[0033] Furthermore, the mass percentages of each material in the ammonia-locking layer 10 are as follows: 35%–45% nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, 15%–25% activated carbon, 30%–40% degreased sawdust, and 2.5%–7.5% bentonite. Coarse-grained degreased sawdust (0.6–1 cm) forms the main channels of the large interstitial spaces within the layer. Medium-grained nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder (0.3–0.6 cm) and activated carbon fill the gaps between the degreased sawdust particles, forming a secondary capillary microporous network. Fine-grained bentonite (0.1–0.3 cm) fills the micro-gaps, precisely controlling pore connectivity and flow resistance. In this embodiment, the formulation uses nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder as the main component to determine the basic liquid conduction threshold of the layer to match actual needs; an appropriate amount of activated carbon is added to assist in adsorption and replenishment to enhance deodorization; degreased sawdust is added to adjust the bulkiness of the layer and increase the conduction velocity above the threshold; a small amount of bentonite is added to fine-tune the adhesion and liquid retention to reduce the conduction rate at low flow rates.

[0034] In one embodiment, the flow-guiding degradation layer 20 is made of a mixture of alkalized pretreated straw powder, rice husks, modified wheat bran carrier, and biochar. The straw powder and rice husks overlap, giving the layer a uniformly interconnected porous structure that effectively guides the seepage of excrement and prevents localized water accumulation. The alkalization pretreatment removes the wax and colloids from the surface of the straw powder, increasing the material's specific surface area and facilitating microbial colonization. The modified wheat bran carrier provides nutrients and attachment sites for degrading microorganisms, jointly enhancing the decomposition efficiency of organic matter in excrement. Biochar, with its microporous structure, adsorbs ammonia nitrogen and odorous substances generated during excrement degradation, reducing the escape of harmful gases such as ammonia. The complementary hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the components allow for rapid drainage of excess moisture while maintaining appropriate water retention to preserve microbial activity, preventing the bedding material from becoming too dry or too wet, which could lead to degradation failure. The rice husks and straw powder form a rigid support framework, which, combined with the structural reinforcement of the biochar, prevents the layer from being easily compacted by trampling, maintaining a long-term, unobstructed flow and aeration state. The continuous pores formed by the mixed materials ensure air circulation within the layer, providing oxygen for aerobic microorganisms and reducing bedding decay and odor caused by anaerobic fermentation. Specifically, the straw powder is modified by sodium hydroxide alkalization, soaked in a 5% NaOH solution for 12 hours, rinsed with water until neutral, and dried at 60°C. Furthermore, the modified wheat bran carrier is a wheat bran-based carrier obtained through existing technology, involving surface hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity control, surface roughening / microporousization, anti-mildew and anti-corrosion treatment, and structural strength enhancement. The wheat bran carrier is loaded with a small amount of indigenous degrading bacteria, which can initiate degradation without the need for additional bacterial agents. These indigenous degrading bacteria originate from the surface soil and chicken manure of the chicken coop and can naturally colonize the surface of the modified wheat bran carrier, eliminating the need for artificial inoculation, reducing usage costs, and adapting to the chicken coop environment.

[0035] Furthermore, the mass percentages of each material in the flow-guiding degradation layer 20 are as follows: 35%–45% alkalized pretreated straw powder, 25%–35% rice husk, 20%–30% modified wheat bran carrier, and 2.5%–7.5% biochar. Alkaliized pretreated straw powder with a coarse particle size of 0.5–0.9 cm is used to construct the main flow-guiding structure of the layer. Rice husk with a medium-coarse particle size of 0.4–0.7 cm and modified wheat bran carrier with a medium particle size of 0.2–0.4 cm fill the gaps in the straw powder, forming secondary pores that serve both flow guidance and microbial attachment functions. Biochar with a fine particle size of 0.1–0.3 cm fills the tiny gaps, stabilizing the flow channel and regulating water flow resistance. In this embodiment, the formulation uses alkalized pretreated straw powder as the main component to determine the flow-guiding structure and fluid resistance of the layer, which meets the actual needs of chickens' day and night excretion. An appropriate amount of rice husk is added to increase the fluffiness and number of pores in the layer, allowing the large volume of excrement during the day to flow smoothly. Modified wheat bran carrier is added to provide sufficient attachment sites for degrading microorganisms, improving the decomposition efficiency of excrement. A small amount of biochar is added to fine-tune the adsorption effect and structural stability of the layer, enhancing the retention and slow release effect of the small volume of excrement at night.

[0036] In one embodiment, the aerated buffer layer 30 is made of carbonized corn stalks (cut into segments 1-2 cm in length), modified perlite, and porous ceramsite. In this embodiment, the carbonized corn stalks are rigid and not easily compacted, ensuring long-term stable support and high-flow-rate drainage for the bottom layer of the bedding material 100. The addition of a suitable amount of porous ceramsite utilizes its porous and pressure-resistant properties to improve the structural stability and drainage efficiency of the bottom layer. The addition of a small amount of modified perlite, with its lightweight and hydrophobic properties, prevents backflow of water from the lower layer to the upper layer, while continuously ensuring an aerobic environment at the bottom, providing reliable bottom support for overall day-night flow guidance. Specifically, the perlite is modified with a silane coupling agent, soaked in a 3% silane coupling agent solution for 8 hours, and then dried at 80°C to improve aeration and water retention stability, preventing pore blockage.

[0037] Furthermore, the mass percentages of the materials in the ventilation buffer layer 30 are as follows: 55%~65% carbonized corn stalks, 30%~40% modified perlite, and 2.5%~7.5% porous ceramsite. Carbonized corn stalk segments with a large particle size of 1.0~2.0cm are used to construct the rigid support and main ventilation and drainage channels of the layer. Porous ceramsite with a coarse particle size of 0.6~1.2cm fills the gaps between the carbonized corn stalks to form secondary ventilation and drainage channels. Modified perlite with a fine particle size of 0.2~0.5cm fills the tiny gaps, preventing water backflow and optimizing the ventilation and drainage effect of the layer. This embodiment uses carbonized corn stalk segments as the main component. Its high proportion further strengthens the rigid support capacity of the bottom layer, constructing a more stable, high-flow-rate main ventilation and drainage channel, fully meeting the overall pressure bearing capacity and high-speed drainage requirements of the bedding material 100. The addition of a suitable amount of modified perlite significantly improves the water-repellent and seepage-blocking performance of the layer, more effectively preventing water backflow from the bottom layer and avoiding interference with the sequential flow of the upper layer, while further optimizing the ventilation effect. The addition of a small amount of porous ceramsite, without encroaching on the main channel space, helps to improve the structural stability of the layer and slightly enhances the water drainage capacity, ensuring stable operation of the overall day and night sequential function from the bottom layer, while extending the service life of the bedding material 100. The carbonized corn stalks are prepared by anaerobic carbonization at 350℃ for 30 minutes, maintaining rigidity and preventing decay.

[0038] Preferably, the spacing between the multiple diversion channels 21 is 4-6 cm, and the depth of each diversion channel 21 is 1.5-3 cm. The 4-6 cm spacing of the diversion channels 21 ensures even distribution of excrement on the surface of the bedding material 100, preventing localized accumulation. This avoids both excessively large spacing leading to blind spots and lateral overflow of excrement, and excessively small spacing weakening the layer structure and reducing overall strength. Combined with a channel depth of 1.5-3 cm, it can accommodate the rapid diversion of large volumes of excrement during the day without overflow, and also creates a shallow channel retention effect at night when the flow is low, slowing down the infiltration rate. Specifically, the spacing refers to the net distance between two adjacent diversion channels 21, i.e., the closest distance is 4-6 cm.

[0039] In one embodiment, the thickness of the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10 is 3-5 cm, the thickness of the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the ventilation buffer layer 30 is 5-7 cm. The adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10, with a thickness of 3-5 cm, ensures sufficient contact adsorption and ammonia nitrogen fixation of surface excrement, achieving source deodorization and pollution control, while avoiding excessive thickness that would increase flow resistance. This ensures rapid infiltration of large volumes of excrement during the day and orderly, slow release of small volumes at night, precisely matching the thickness requirements for time-series flow control. The flow-guiding and degradation layer 20, with a moderate thickness of 10-15 cm, provides ample space for excrement flow and microbial attachment and degradation. This ensures smooth flow during high-speed daytime flow and creates a sufficient slow-release degradation area at night, extending the residence time of organic matter degradation and improving overall degradation efficiency. The ventilated buffer layer 30, with a thickness of 5-7 cm, forms a stable underlying support and a ventilated, water-repellent structure, ensuring that the layer is not compacted and the channels are not blocked. It also avoids material waste or water accumulation at the bottom due to excessive thickness, continuously providing a stable aerobic environment for the sequential functions of the upper layers. The three layers, with their varying thicknesses, not only fulfill their respective core functions but also form a smooth sequential flow path from top to bottom, ensuring overall structural stability and efficient functional synergy.

[0040] Preferably, a breathable non-woven fabric with a pore size of 0.1 mm and a thickness of 0.1~0.2 mm is laid between the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10 and the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 to prevent the surface fine particles from clogging the middle flow channel 21, while ensuring that the excrement seeps down smoothly and does not affect the day and night flow sequence; an elastic fiber mesh with a pore size of 0.5~1 mm is laid between the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 and the ventilated buffer layer 30, which can fix the structure of the middle flow channel 21 and prevent it from deforming and collapsing, while not hindering the infiltration of excrement, thus providing structural protection for the time sequence function.

[0041] This embodiment provides a chicken coop bedding material 100, with the following specific parameters:

[0042] The ammonia-locking adsorption layer 10 has a thickness of 4 cm and consists of 40% nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder (0.3~0.6 cm particle size), 20% activated carbon (0.3~0.6 cm particle size), 35% degreased sawdust (0.6~1 cm particle size), and 5% bentonite (0.1~0.3 cm particle size). The zeolite powder is modified by soaking in 1 mol / L nitric acid solution for 24 hours and then drying at 105℃ for 3 hours.

[0043] Degradation layer 20: 12cm thick, with a mass percentage of 40% alkalized pretreated straw powder (0.5~0.9cm particle size), 30% rice husk (0.4~0.7cm particle size), 25% modified wheat bran carrier (0.2~0.4cm particle size), and 5% biochar (0.1~0.3cm particle size). The straw powder is soaked in 5% NaOH solution for 12 hours, rinsed with water until neutral, and dried at 60℃ to complete the alkalization modification. The modified wheat bran carrier is a wheat bran-based carrier obtained by surface hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity regulation, surface roughening / microporousization, anti-mildew and anti-corrosion, and structural strength enhancement modification in the existing technology, and is loaded with native degrading bacteria of the chicken house.

[0044] Ventilation buffer layer 30: 6cm thick, with a mass percentage of 60% carbonized corn stalk segments (1.0~2.0cm, coarsely chopped), 35% modified perlite (0.2~0.5cm particle size), and 5% porous ceramsite (0.6~1.2cm particle size); the perlite is modified by soaking in a 3% silane coupling agent solution for 8 hours and then drying at 80℃.

[0045] The flow guide trough 21 has a spacing of 5cm and a depth of 2cm. The slow flow guide 211 has an angle of 20° with the horizontal plane, and the fast flow guide 212 has an angle of 60° with the horizontal plane. The troughs are arranged in an array on the upper surface of the flow guide degradation layer 20 in a parallel through-type long strip shape.

[0046] Intermediate layer: A breathable nonwoven fabric with a pore size of 0.1 mm and a thickness of 0.15 mm is laid between the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10 and the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20; an elastic fiber web with a pore size of 0.8 mm is laid between the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 and the breathable buffer layer 30.

[0047] The specific laying method is as follows: first, a breathable buffer layer 30 is laid, and after compaction, an elastic fiber mesh is laid; then, a mixture of flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 is laid, and a roller with a raised flow-guiding groove 21 is used to directly press the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20 to form the flow-guiding groove 21 on the upper surface of the flow-guiding and degradation layer 20; after the flow-guiding groove 21 is formed, a breathable non-woven fabric is laid on the surface, and finally, an adsorption and ammonia-locking layer 10 is laid to complete the overall laying.

[0048] In this embodiment, the bedding material 100 is laid on the floor of the chicken house. It can be used individually or in multiple pieces. During the day, chicken excrement quickly seeps down through the ammonia-locking layer 10, fills the slow-flow section 211 of the diversion channel 21, and then flows at high speed into the degradation layer 20 along the rapid flow section 212 for full-area degradation. At night, excrement slowly seeps down through the ammonia-locking layer 10, and is retained and slowly degraded along the slow-flow section 211 of the diversion channel 21. The ventilation buffer layer 30 continuously drains water and ensures ventilation. The overall system achieves diversion and degradation in a day-night sequence, effectively preventing the bedding material 100 from accumulating and decaying, and reducing ammonia production.

[0049] This invention constructs a three-layer composite structure with temporal functional coupling targeting the diurnal excretion rhythm of chickens. Each layer is not an independent superposition of functions, but rather a top-down functional matching and parameter coordination with "diurnal temporal flow guidance" as the core objective, forming an integrated coupled system of adsorption and ammonia locking, temporal flow guidance and degradation, and ventilation and back-seepage prevention.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of bedding material for chicken coops, characterized in that, The padding material includes an ammonia-locking layer, a flow-guiding degradation layer, and a ventilation buffer layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The ammonia-locking layer, the flow-guiding degradation layer, and the ventilation buffer layer are all mixed layers formed by mixing multiple raw materials. The upper surface of the flow-guiding degradation layer is arrayed with multiple parallel through-type elongated flow-guiding grooves. Each flow-guiding groove includes a slow flow-guiding section and a fast flow-guiding section connected sequentially from top to bottom. The angle between the slow flow-guiding section and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the fast flow-guiding section and the horizontal plane, and the angle difference is greater than or equal to 30°.

2. The chicken coop bedding material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption and ammonia-locking layer is made of a mixture of nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, activated carbon, degreased sawdust, and bentonite.

3. The chicken coop bedding material as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The mass percentages of each material in the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer are as follows: 35%~45% nitrate-loaded modified zeolite powder, 15%~25% activated carbon, 30%~40% degreased sawdust, and 2.5%~7.5% bentonite.

4. The chicken coop bedding material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow-guiding degradation layer is made of a mixture of alkalized pretreated straw powder, rice husks, modified wheat bran carrier, and biochar.

5. The chicken coop bedding material as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The mass percentages of each material in the flow-guiding degradation layer are as follows: 35%~45% alkalized pretreated straw powder, 25%~35% rice husk, 20%~30% modified wheat bran carrier, and 2.5%~7.5% biochar.

6. The chicken coop bedding material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The ventilated buffer layer is made of a mixture of coarsely crushed and chopped carbonized corn stalks, modified perlite, and porous ceramsite.

7. The chicken coop bedding material as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The mass percentages of each material in the ventilated buffer layer are: 55%~65% carbonized corn stalks, 30%~40% modified perlite, and 2.5%~7.5% porous ceramsite.

8. The chicken coop bedding material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The spacing between the plurality of flow guide grooves is 4 to 6 cm, and the depth of each flow guide groove is 1.5 to 3 cm.

9. The chicken coop bedding material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the adsorption and ammonia-locking layer is 3-5 cm, the thickness of the flow-guiding and degradation layer is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the ventilation and buffer layer is 5-7 cm.

10. The chicken coop bedding material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, A breathable nonwoven fabric with a pore size of 0.1 mm is laid between the ammonia-locking layer and the flow-guiding degradation layer, and / or an elastic fiber web is laid between the flow-guiding degradation layer and the breathable buffer layer.

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