Laminated glass, projection system, and vehicle

Abstract

This application provides laminated glass, a projection system, and a vehicle. The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, an intermediate adhesive layer, a second glass plate, a functional layer, and an adjustment layer. This application achieves the transformation of the traditional secondary brightness reflected image from the glass plate to the functional layer reflected image by setting a first wedge shape to make the reflected primary image coincide with the reflected secondary image of the functional layer. The functional layer works in conjunction with the projection light, and the adjustment layer significantly weakens the reflected secondary image of the glass plate, eliminating ghosting. The reflected image mainly consists of S-polarized light from the reflected primary image and P-polarized light from the reflected secondary image of the functional layer. Since the functional layer reflects the secondary brightness image, the reduced distance between the functional layer and the inner surface of the second glass plate decreases the corresponding amount of ghosting, resulting in a brighter and clearer displayed image with higher luminous efficiency, thus improving driving safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of laminated glass technology, specifically relating to laminated glass, projection systems, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the application of vehicle head-up displays (HUDs), drivers can reduce the need to look down at the dashboard or related information, making it easier for them to switch their eyes between near and far objects. This reduces the need to look down at the dashboard, allowing drivers to concentrate their attention on the road and improving driving safety.

[0003] The HUD optical path is as follows: Image information is projected onto the image display area by a projection device. The projected light is reflected by the inner surface of the laminated glass and enters the human eye to form the primary image. However, since the laminated glass is a transparent medium, a secondary reflective ghost image is also formed after reflection by the outer surface of the laminated glass into the human eye. This is also known as a reflection ghost or a secondary image reflected by the glass plate.

[0004] Meanwhile, to provide vehicles with good heat insulation and functions such as heated windshields to remove rain and snow, laminated glass typically integrates the functional layer onto the glass. Since the functional layer, being made of metal, usually has a different refractive index than the glass sheet, it not only blocks solar energy but also creates a secondary image reflected by the functional layer. The driver will simultaneously see multiple nearly overlapping images composed of the primary image, the secondary image reflected by the glass sheet, and the secondary image reflected by the functional layer. This results in a blurred, color-distorted image, a feeling of dizziness, a poor driving experience, and compromised driving safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a laminated glass, the laminated glass comprising a first glass plate, an intermediate adhesive layer and a second glass plate stacked sequentially, the laminated glass further comprising a functional layer disposed between the first glass plate and the intermediate adhesive layer; The first glass plate includes a first surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer and a second surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer; the second glass plate includes a third surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer and a fourth surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The laminated glass has an image display area, and at least within the area of ​​the image display area, a first wedge shape is formed between the functional layer and the fourth surface; The laminated glass also includes an adjustment layer located in the image display area. The adjustment layer is disposed between the functional layer and the second glass plate. The adjustment layer is used to convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light. When the incident angle of the projected light is 65°, the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is [value missing]. ≥3.5%.

[0006] The image display area is used to receive and reflect projected light to form a reflected primary image, and the projected light also forms a functional layer reflected secondary image. The first wedge is used to adjust the functional layer reflective sub-image so that the displacement difference between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image is within a first preset range, the first preset range being ≤2.25arcmin.

[0007] The image display area is used to receive and reflect projected light to form a reflected primary image, and the projected light also forms a reflected secondary image on the glass plate. At least within the image display area, there is a second wedge between the first surface and the fourth surface, the first wedge being unequal to the second wedge, the second wedge being used to adjust the glass plate reflective sub-image so that the displacement difference between the glass plate reflective sub-image and the reflective main image is within a second preset range.

[0008] Wherein, the second preset range is ≤2arcmin.

[0009] The first wedge shape is provided by a combination of at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer and the second glass plate; The second wedge shape is provided at least by the first glass plate.

[0010] Wherein, the wedge angle of the first wedge is ≤0.404mrad; And / or, the difference between the wedge angle of the second wedge and the wedge angle of the first wedge is the wedge angle of the first glass plate, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate is ≤0.295mrad.

[0011] Wherein, the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate have a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate gradually decreases, and the rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm.

[0012] Wherein, the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate have a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate has a first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 in the image display area, and the first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm; And / or, the intermediate adhesive layer has a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer having a second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 within the image display area, the second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 satisfying the following condition: 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm.

[0013] The conversion efficiency of the adjustment layer for the S-polarized light is ≥85%. And / or, the thickness of the adjustment layer is 2μm~200μm; And / or, the internal reflectivity of the adjustment layer in the laminated glass is ≤2%.

[0014] The adjustment layer is selected from a half-wave plate film, which is selected from at least one of polyimide-based thin film half-wave plate, liquid crystal polymer thin film half-wave plate, indium tin oxide thin film half-wave plate, quartz-based flexible thin film half-wave plate, nanocomposite thin film half-wave plate, graphene-oxide composite thin film half-wave plate, and ultrathin dielectric metasurface half-wave plate.

[0015] The intermediate adhesive layer includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, wherein the first glass plate, the first adhesive layer, the adjustment layer, the second adhesive layer, and the second glass plate are stacked sequentially. Wherein, the sum of the thicknesses of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm; And / or, the thickness ratio K of the first adhesive layer to the second adhesive layer satisfies: K=1±0.5.

[0016] Wherein, when the incident angle of the projected light is ≤65°, the total reflectivity RL of the laminated glass is ≥20%.

[0017] The functional layer has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the 450nm~630nm wavelength band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV, is ≤15%.

[0018] Wherein, the functional layer reflective sub-image satisfies at least one of the following: The |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤25; The |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤25; The chroma C of the functional layer reflective subimage * ab ≤30; The hue angle h of the functional layer's reflective subimage ab The range is 40° to 320°.

[0019] The incident angle β of the projected light ray satisfies the following condition: 40°<β≤68°.

[0020] The thickness of the second glass plate is ≤2.1mm.

[0021] Wherein, at least within the area of ​​the image display area, a coloring material is provided between the first surface and the functional layer, and the visible light transmittance of the coloring material is ≥50%, ≥60%, or ≥70%.

[0022] The second aspect of this application provides a projection system, which includes a projection device and a laminated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application. The projection device is disposed on the side of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The projection device is used to generate projection light, which includes S-polarized light. The proportion of S-polarized light in the projection light is ≥90%. The image display area is used to receive and reflect the projection light to form a reflected main image.

[0023] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle comprising a body and a laminated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application, the laminated glass being disposed on the body.

[0024] The laminated glass, projection system, and vehicle provided in this application, by setting a first wedge shape to make the reflected primary image coincide with the functional layer's reflected secondary image, and by using a functional layer with high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light in conjunction with the projection light, and by using an adjustment layer to significantly weaken the glass plate's reflected secondary image, eliminate the ghosting of the glass plate's reflected secondary image, and realize the transformation of the traditional secondary brightness reflected image from the glass plate's reflected secondary image to the functional layer's reflected secondary image. The reflected image is mainly composed of S-polarized light from the reflected primary image and P-polarized light from the functional layer's reflected secondary image. As the functional layer's reflected secondary image serves as the secondary brightness reflected image, the reduced distance between the functional layer and the inner surface of the second glass plate results in a smaller amount of ghosting, thereby making the displayed image brighter and clearer, with high light efficiency, and improving driving safety. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of laminated glass provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of laminated glass provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 4 The emission spectra S(λ) of different projection devices provided in this application.

[0030] Figure 5 The internal reflectance spectra of the laminated glass in Examples 1-4 provided in this application under P-light at an incident angle of 65°.

[0031] Labeling: laminated glass 1, image display area 10, first glass plate 11, intermediate adhesive layer 12, first adhesive layer 121, second adhesive layer 122, second glass plate 13, functional layer 14, adjustment layer 15, projection device 21, detection device 3, first optical prism 311, second optical prism 312, first anti-reflection optical element 321, second anti-reflection optical element 322, third anti-reflection optical element 323. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] Before introducing the technical solution of this application, let's go over the technical issues in related technologies in detail.

[0034] In one related technology, a wedge-shaped intermediate film PVB and / or a wedge-shaped glass sheet can be used to make the secondary image reflected by the glass plate overlap with the primary image as much as possible. The secondary image reflected by the other functional layer, which cannot overlap, is reduced in brightness by using a special film system design, a specific functional layer, or a specific absorption layer, so that it is not easily perceived by the human eye.

[0035] Furthermore, reducing the thickness of the glass sheet containing the functional layer results in a small separation of the secondary image reflected by the functional layer, making it difficult for the human eye to distinguish.

[0036] Therefore, for HUD glass with a functional layer, if P-polarized light is used, this is highly dependent on the Brewster angle θ. B (Brewster angle θ) B ≈57°) and a specific P-polarized high-reflection film system are required; otherwise, the ghosting formed by the reflection from the outer surface of the laminated glass is bright and easily visible. This technology is also constrained by issues such as easy color distortion of the image, low light transmittance, and low light efficiency, making it technically difficult and costly.

[0037] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, please refer to the following: Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides a laminated glass 1, which includes a first glass plate 11, an intermediate adhesive layer 12, and a second glass plate 13 stacked sequentially. The laminated glass 1 also includes a functional layer 14, which is disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the intermediate adhesive layer 12.

[0038] The first glass plate 11 includes a first surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and a second surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and the second glass plate 13 includes a third surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and a fourth surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12.

[0039] The laminated glass 1 has an image display area 10, and at least within the area of ​​the image display area 10, there is a first wedge between the functional layer 14 and the fourth surface.

[0040] The laminated glass 1 further includes an adjustment layer 15 located in the image display area 10. The adjustment layer 15 is disposed between the functional layer 14 and the second glass plate 13. The adjustment layer 15 is used to convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light. When the incident angle of the projected light is 65°, the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer 14 for P-polarized light is... ≥3.5%.

[0041] The image display area 10 receives and reflects projected light to form a primary image. The projected light also forms a secondary image reflected by the glass plate and a secondary image reflected by the functional layer. The image display area 10 can display vehicle driving information, various patterns, or play videos, and can be used in various scenarios such as welcoming guests, creating atmosphere, watching movies, and office work. Optionally, it can display driving parameters, including vehicle speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, warning information, and mileage. It can also display weather temperature and entertainment information, and can be used for dynamic navigation, night vision, and real-view maps. Along the stacking direction of the laminated glass 1, the image display area 10 is at least partially covered by the functional layer 14. The image display area 10 has a primary image reflective layer that forms the primary image and a functional layer 14 that forms the secondary image reflected by the functional layer.

[0042] Optionally, the laminated glass 1 has at least one image display area 10. For example, the number of image display areas 10 can be one, or multiple, with the multiple image display areas 10 spaced apart. The number of image display areas 10 can be designed according to the actual product.

[0043] Optionally, the image display area 10 is located in the bottom region of the laminated glass 1, and / or in the top region of the laminated glass 1, and / or in the left region of the laminated glass 1, and / or in the right region of the laminated glass 1.

[0044] The first wedge is used to adjust the displacement difference between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective primary image, so that the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective primary image are nearly completely overlapped or at least to the point that they are not clearly distinguishable to the naked eye.

[0045] Optionally, the projected light includes S-polarized light, and the proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light is ≥90%.

[0046] The proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light can be, for example, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. Preferably, the proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light is ≥95%. More preferably, the proportion of S-polarized light in the projected light is ≥97%.

[0047] S-polarized light naturally possesses high reflectivity when incident at an oblique angle, giving it an inherent advantage. The higher the proportion of S-polarized light in the projection light, the higher the proportion converted to P-polarized light after adjustment layer 15, resulting in a dimmer secondary image reflected by the glass plate. Furthermore, a higher proportion of S-polarized light in the projection light leads to higher reflectivity of the primary image, higher brightness at eye level, lower energy consumption of the projection system, and a corresponding reduction in the brightness requirement of the projection light source.

[0048] Specifically, the first glass plate 11 serves as the outer glass plate of the laminated glass 1. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and is in contact with the external environment of the vehicle, while the second surface is close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12. The second glass plate 13 serves as the inner glass plate of the laminated glass 1. The second glass plate 13 has a third surface and a fourth surface. The third surface is close to the intermediate adhesive layer 12, while the fourth surface is away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and is in contact with the internal environment of the vehicle.

[0049] Furthermore, the primary image reflective layer is the fourth surface, or the primary image reflective layer is a reflective structure located on the fourth surface. The fourth surface is the surface of the second glass plate 13 that faces away from the first glass plate 11.

[0050] Optionally, the first glass plate 11 is transparent glass or colored glass, the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is 0.7mm to 4mm, and the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 is greater than or equal to 70%. The second glass plate 13 is transparent glass or colored glass, the thickness of the second glass plate 13 is 0.7mm to 4mm, and the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 13 is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0051] Preferably, the thickness of the second glass plate 13 is ≤2.1mm, specifically, it can be 2.1mm, 2mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm, 1.4mm, 1.2mm, or 0.8mm, etc. More preferably, the thickness of the second glass plate 13 is ≤1.6mm, ≤1.4mm, ≤1.2mm, or ≤0.8mm.

[0052] This embodiment uses a thinner second glass plate 13, which makes the deviation between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image smaller, and makes it easier for the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image to overlap, so as to obtain a clearer display image and improve driving safety.

[0053] Preferably, at least within the image display area 10, a coloring material is provided between the first surface and the functional layer 14, wherein the visible light transmittance of the coloring material is ≥50%, ≥60%, or ≥70%.

[0054] Examples of visible light transmittance for coloring materials include 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%.

[0055] Specifically, the coloring material can be a first glass plate 11 that is colored on its own, or an additional coloring film layer.

[0056] More preferably, the first glass plate 11 is a colored layer.

[0057] For example, the first glass plate 11 may be light green or dark green.

[0058] This embodiment reduces the secondary image reflected by the glass plate by providing a coloring material between the first surface and the functional layer 14, thereby making the displayed image clearer.

[0059] The intermediate adhesive layer 12 is a transparent or colored thermoplastic polymer film. Optionally, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm, specifically, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.28 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is 0.76 mm. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is greater than or equal to 85%, specifically, 85%, 90%, or 95%. Optionally, the haze of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is less than or equal to 1%, specifically, 1%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4%. Optionally, the material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). Colored thermoplastic polymer films can be selected from gray, green, or blue thermoplastic polymer films.

[0060] For example, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Examples of multi-layer structures include double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The intermediate adhesive layer 12 can also have other functions, such as providing at least one colored area as a shaded zone to reduce sunlight interference with the human eye, adding infrared absorbers to provide sun protection or heat insulation, adding ultraviolet absorbers to provide ultraviolet protection, or having at least one layer of the multi-layer structure with a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation.

[0061] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 includes a first adhesive layer 121 and a second adhesive layer 122, and the first glass plate 11, the first adhesive layer 121, the adjustment layer 15, the second adhesive layer 122, and the second glass plate 13 are stacked sequentially.

[0062] Furthermore, the sum of the thicknesses of the first adhesive layer 121 and the second adhesive layer 122 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm, specifically, for example, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.28 mm. Preferably, the sum of the thicknesses of the first adhesive layer 121 and the second adhesive layer 122 is 0.76 mm.

[0063] Furthermore, the thickness ratio K of the first adhesive layer 121 and the second adhesive layer 122 satisfies: K = 1 ± 0.5, or = 1 ± 0.2, or = 1 ± 0.1.

[0064] Optionally, the first adhesive layer 121 and the second adhesive layer 122 are made of the same material. For example, the first adhesive layer 121 / adjusting layer 15 / second adhesive layer 122 is 0.38mm PVB / adjusting layer 15 / 0.38mm PVB. Another example is that the first adhesive layer 121 / adjusting layer 15 / second adhesive layer 122 is 0.76mm PVB / adjusting layer 15 / 0.38mm PVB. Yet another example is that the first adhesive layer 121 / adjusting layer 15 / second adhesive layer 122 is 0.38mm PVB / adjusting layer 15 / 0.76mm PVB.

[0065] The regulating layer 15 is disposed between the first adhesive layer 121 and the second adhesive layer 122, which can improve the impact resistance of the laminated glass 1 and enhance the durability of the regulating layer 15 against ultraviolet rays.

[0066] Optionally, the thickness ratio K of the first adhesive layer 121 to the second adhesive layer 122 is 1±0.5, that is, the first adhesive layer 121 and the second adhesive layer 122 are of equal or nearly equal thickness and made of the same material. This can reduce the orange peel effect caused by uneven deformation of the adjustment layer 15 in the high temperature and high pressure environment of the glass lamination process, and improve the yield of the laminated glass 1.

[0067] Optionally, the functional layer 14 has heat insulation and / or heating functions. The functional layer 14 is disposed on the second surface of the first glass plate 11. In this embodiment, by providing the functional layer 14, the laminated glass 1 has excellent heat insulation and / or heating performance, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the vehicle interior environment.

[0068] Optionally, the functional layer 14 may include at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a stacked structure with different refractive indices.

[0069] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 includes a metal layer, the material of the metal layer may be at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and molybdenum (Mo). In some specific embodiments, the functional layer 14 may specifically include at least one silver metal layer, such as a functional layer 14 formed by a single silver metal layer and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer, or a functional layer 14 formed by two silver metal layers and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer and between the two silver metal layers, or a functional layer 14 formed by three silver metal layers and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer and between two adjacent silver metal layers, or a functional layer 14 formed by four silver metal layers and several dielectric layers located on both sides of the silver metal layer and between two adjacent silver metal layers. The metal layer can reflect infrared rays from sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the vehicle's interior, thus achieving the heat insulation effect of functional layer 14. The metal layer can also conduct electricity, allowing functional layer 14 to be used as an electric heating element. It is understood that functional layer 14, whose main material is silver, may also include other metal layers, metal alloy layers, or transparent conductive oxide layers to improve infrared reflectivity or reduce sheet resistance. The materials of each dielectric layer can be independently selected from at least one of oxides, nitrides, or oxides of nitrides. Specific examples include oxides, nitrides, or oxides of at least one element selected from zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), indium (In), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y), bismuth (Bi), and titanium (Ti). Other suitable materials can also be used for the dielectric layer, and this application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0070] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 includes a metal alloy layer, the material of the metal alloy layer includes a metal alloy composed of at least one element selected from silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). In some further embodiments, the material of the metal alloy layer is further selected to be a metal alloy composed of silver, such as an alloy composed of silver and at least one element selected from gold, aluminum, copper, indium, tin, titanium, zinc, and platinum. The metal alloy layer can be used to reflect infrared rays in sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the interior of the vehicle, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the functional layer 14. The metal alloy layer can also be used to conduct electricity, so that the functional layer 14 can be used as an electric heating element.

[0071] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 includes a transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, tin zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide. The transparent conductive oxide layer can be used to reflect infrared rays in sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the vehicle's interior, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the functional layer 14. The transparent conductive oxide layer can also be used to conduct electricity, thereby enabling the functional layer 14 to be used as an electric heating element.

[0072] In some embodiments, when the functional layer 14 comprises a stacked structure with different refractive indices, the stacked structure with different refractive indices comprises at least two thermoplastic resin films with a refractive index difference greater than or equal to 0.05. In some further embodiments, the stacked structure with different refractive indices may specifically be formed by stacking alternating layers of thermoplastic resin films with high and low refractive indices, for example, 2 to 200 alternating layers of thermoplastic resin films. The material of the thermoplastic resin films is selected from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, poly(4-methylpentene-1), polyvinylidene fluoride, cyclic polyolefins, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyetherimide. The stacked structure with different refractive indices can be used to reflect infrared rays from sunlight, reducing the amount of infrared rays entering the vehicle's interior, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the functional layer 14.

[0073] The functional layer 14 may specifically be a coating layer. Optionally, the coating layer is selected from at least one of metal coating, metal alloy coating, or transparent conductive oxide coating.

[0074] Furthermore, the material of the metal coating is selected from at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al).

[0075] Furthermore, the transparent conductive oxide coating is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin-zinc oxide, or antimony-doped tin oxide.

[0076] Furthermore, the functional layer 14 is selected from at least one of the following: single silver nanofunctional layer 14, double silver nanofunctional layer 14, triple silver nanofunctional layer 14, and quadruple silver nanofunctional layer 14.

[0077] Optionally, the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass 1 having the functional layer 14 is less than or equal to 55%.

[0078] The adjustment layer 15 is used to convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light to reduce the brightness of the ghosting of the secondary image reflected by the glass plate, making the displayed image clearer.

[0079] The projected light can pass through the adjustment layer 15. Specifically, the adjustment layer 15 has a conversion rate of ≥85% for the S-polarized light.

[0080] The conversion efficiency of the adjustment layer 15 for S-polarized light can be exemplified by, for example, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. Preferably, the conversion efficiency of the adjustment layer 15 for S-polarized light is ≥90%. More preferably, the conversion efficiency of the adjustment layer 15 for S-polarized light is ≥98%. Even more preferably, the conversion efficiency of the adjustment layer 15 for S-polarized light is ≥99%.

[0081] The higher the conversion rate of the adjustment layer 15 to S-polarized light, the dimmer the secondary image reflected by the glass plate, making the displayed image clearer.

[0082] And / or, the thickness of the adjustment layer 15 is 2μm~200μm.

[0083] The thickness of the adjustment layer 15 can be specifically exemplified as 2μm, 5μm, 10μm, 25μm, 50μm, 75μm, 100μm, 125μm, 150μm, 175μm, or 200μm, etc.

[0084] And / or, the internal reflectivity of the adjustment layer 15 in the laminated glass 1 is ≤2%.

[0085] The internal reflectivity of the adjusting layer 15 in the laminated glass 1 can be specifically exemplified as 2%, 1.8%, 1.6%, 1.4%, 1.2%, 1%, 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, or 0.2%, etc.

[0086] By limiting the reflectivity of the adjustment layer 15 to be low within the laminated glass 1, so that the adjustment layer 15 and the intermediate adhesive layer 12 have similar refractive indices, the ghosting caused by the adjustment layer 15 itself can be reduced, making the ghosting reflected by the adjustment layer sufficiently dim, thereby reducing or even avoiding the impact on the clarity of the displayed image.

[0087] In one embodiment, the adjustment layer 15 is selected from a half-wave plate film.

[0088] When normally incident light passes through, the phase difference between the ordinary ray (o ray) and the extraordinary ray (e ray) is equal to π or an odd multiple thereof. Such a wafer is called a half-wave plate, or simply a half-wave plate or λ / 2 wave plate.

[0089] Furthermore, the half-wave plate film is selected from at least one of polyimide-based thin film half-wave plates, liquid crystal polymer thin film half-wave plates, indium tin oxide thin film half-wave plates, quartz-based flexible thin film half-wave plates, nanocomposite thin film half-wave plates, graphene-oxide composite thin film half-wave plates, and ultrathin dielectric metasurface half-wave plates.

[0090] Alternatively, the half-wave plate film may consist of N λ / M waveplates; where N×λ / M=λ / 2.

[0091] For example, when N=2 and M=4, a half-wave plate film is formed by combining two λ / 4 wave plates.

[0092] Alternatively, the half-wave plate film may contain a liquid crystal structure capable of polarization rotation.

[0093] For example, controlling the polarization rotation of the liquid crystal structure by 90° to form a half-wave plate film can also be called a 90° deflection conversion film or a generalized half-wave plate film.

[0094] Specifically, the projection device 21 is located on the side of the second glass plate 13 facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer 12. The projection light emitted by the projection device 21 is reflected once in the image display area 10 on the fourth surface of the second glass plate 13 to form reflected light RL1, which enters the human eye and forms a reflected primary image. Simultaneously, the projection light enters the interior of the laminated glass 1, is reflected on the first surface of the first glass plate 11 to form reflected light RL2, and then enters the human eye to form a glass plate reflected secondary image. Furthermore, the projection light also enters the interior of the laminated glass 1, is reflected by the functional layer 14 to form reflected light RL3, and then enters the human eye to form a functional layer reflected secondary image.

[0095] The laminated glass 1 has a first wedge shape, which is a wedge formed between the surface of the functional layer 14 facing away from the second glass plate 13 and the outer surface of the second glass plate 13. The first wedge shape is as follows: Figure 2As shown in α1. The first wedge is used to adjust the functional layer reflective sub-image, so that the displacement difference between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image is within a first preset range, so that the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image are nearly completely superimposed or at least to the point that the two cannot be clearly distinguished by the naked eye, so as to reduce the blurring and dizziness of the human eye when observing the image, and make the displayed image clearer.

[0096] The first preset range is ≤2.25 arcmin. Specifically, the first preset range can be 2.25 arcmin, or 2.1 arcmin, or 2 arcmin, or 1.9 arcmin, or 1.8 arcmin, or 1.7 arcmin, or 1.6 arcmin, or 1.5 arcmin, or 1.4 arcmin, or 1.3 arcmin, or 1.2 arcmin, or 1 arcmin, or 0.8 arcmin, or 0.6 arcmin, or 0.4 arcmin, etc. Preferably, the first preset range is ≤1.9 arcmin. More preferably, the first preset range is ≤1.6 arcmin.

[0097] In related technologies, the secondary image reflected by the glass plate is usually a secondary brightness reflection image. However, this application weakens the secondary image reflected by the glass plate by setting the adjustment layer 15, so that the secondary image reflected by the functional layer becomes a secondary brightness reflection image. This realizes the transformation of the secondary image from the secondary image reflected by the glass plate to the secondary image reflected by the functional layer. In terms of setting, it is easier to achieve the effect of the secondary image reflected by the functional layer coinciding with the primary image, thereby optimizing the structure of the laminated glass 1.

[0098] Furthermore, at least within the image display area 10, the laminated glass 1 has a second wedge shape, the first wedge shape being different from the second wedge shape, the second wedge shape being used to adjust the secondary image of the glass plate so that the displacement difference between the secondary image of the glass plate and the primary image is within a second preset range.

[0099] The second wedge is used to adjust the displacement difference between the glass plate's secondary reflective image and the primary reflective image, so that the glass plate's secondary reflective image and the primary reflective image are nearly completely overlapped or at least to the point that they are not clearly distinguishable to the naked eye.

[0100] The laminated glass 1 has a second wedge shape, which is a wedge formed between the outer surface of the first glass plate 11 and the outer surface of the second glass plate 13, as shown in the figure. Figure 2As shown in α2. The second wedge is used to adjust the secondary image reflected by the glass plate, so that the displacement difference between the secondary image reflected by the glass plate and the secondary image reflected by the functional layer is within a second preset range. This achieves near-complete overlap between the secondary image reflected by the glass plate and the primary image reflected by the glass plate, or at least to the point where the two are indistinguishable to the naked eye, thereby reducing the blurriness and dizziness experienced by the human eye when observing the image and making the displayed image clearer. The second preset range is ≤2 arcmin. Specific examples of the second preset range include 2 arcmin, 1.9 arcmin, 1.8 arcmin, 1.7 arcmin, 1.6 arcmin, 1.5 arcmin, 1.4 arcmin, 1.3 arcmin, 1.2 arcmin, 1 arcmin, 0.8 arcmin, 0.6 arcmin, or 0.4 arcmin, etc. Preferably, the second preset range is ≤1.6 arcmin. More preferably, the second preset range is ≤1.4 arcmin. The first and second wedges work together to define the secondary reflective image of the glass plate, the secondary reflective image of the functional layer, and the primary reflective image, ensuring that these three images coincide and resulting in a clearer displayed image. The first and second wedges are described in detail below: In one embodiment, the first wedge is provided by a combination of at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13.

[0101] For example, the first wedge is provided solely by the intermediate adhesive layer 12. As another example, the first wedge is provided solely by the second glass plate 13. Yet another example, the first wedge is provided as a combination of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13.

[0102] Preferably, the first wedge shape is provided solely by the intermediate adhesive layer 12. This arrangement avoids both the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13 being horizontal pleats, ensuring image clarity even within the non-preferred range of the incident angle β, thereby increasing adaptability to different glass shapes.

[0103] The second wedge shape is provided at least by the first glass plate 11.

[0104] For example, the second wedge is provided solely by the first glass plate 11. Alternatively, the second wedge is provided as a combination of the first glass plate 11 and the intermediate adhesive layer 12. Yet another example is that the second wedge is provided as a combination of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. And yet another example is that the second wedge is provided as a combination of the first glass plate 11, the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and the second glass plate 13.

[0105] Optionally, the wedge shape of the first glass plate 11, and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and / or the second glass plate 13 is a fixed wedge shape or a variable wedge shape that changes linearly or non-linearly.

[0106] Further optionally, the wedge shape of the first glass plate 11, and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and / or the second glass plate 13 varies linearly, or the wedge shape of the first glass plate 11, and / or the intermediate adhesive layer 12, and / or the second glass plate 13 varies monotonically and non-linearly.

[0107] Optionally, along the arrangement direction from the bottom edge to the top edge of the laminated glass 1, the thickness of the wedge-shaped first glass plate 11 and / or second glass plate 13 gradually increases. In other words, the bottom end of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 is thinner, and the top end is thicker.

[0108] In another embodiment, the wedge angle of the first wedge is ≤0.404mrad, specifically for example, 0.404mrad, or 0.4mrad, or 0.35mrad, or 0.3mrad, or 0.25mrad, or 0.2mrad, or 0.15mrad, or 0.1mrad, etc.

[0109] Preferably, the wedge angle of the first wedge is ≤0.346 mrad. More preferably, the wedge angle of the first wedge is ≤0.288 mrad. Even more preferably, the wedge angle of the first wedge is ≤0.221 mrad.

[0110] And / or, the difference between the wedge angle of the second wedge and the wedge angle of the first wedge is the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 is ≤0.295mrad, specifically for example, 0.295mrad, or 0.25mrad, or 0.2mrad, or 0.15mrad, or 0.1mrad, etc.

[0111] Preferably, the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 is ≤0.2 mrad. More preferably, the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 is ≤0.15 mrad. Even more preferably, the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 is ≤0.12 mrad.

[0112] The wedge angles of the first and second wedges can be designed according to the HUD optical path and adjusted according to product requirements.

[0113] In another embodiment, the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 have wedge angles, the wedge angles of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 gradually decrease, and the rate of change of the wedge angles of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm.

[0114] Compared to the preparation of glass plates with fixed wedge angles or glass plates with variable wedge shapes in related technologies, this application preferably has a gradually decreasing wedge angle between the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13. This arrangement is beneficial to the production of glass plates, reduces the difficulty of preparation, and improves the product yield.

[0115] The rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 can be exemplified by, for example, 0.3 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.275 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.25 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.225 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.2 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.175 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.15 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.125 mrad / 100 mm, or 0.1 mrad / 100 mm, etc. Preferably, the rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 is ≤0.2 mrad / 100 mm.

[0116] The wedge angle variation rate of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 can be designed according to the HUD optical path and adjusted according to product requirements.

[0117] In yet another embodiment, the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 have a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13 having a first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 within the image display area 10, the first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 satisfying the following condition: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm.

[0118] The method for measuring the standard deviation of local wedge angle fluctuation is as follows: along the direction of the wedge angle, the measurement points are spaced 10 mm apart, and the standard deviation of the deviation between the wedge angle of multiple measurement points and the corresponding expected design wedge angle is measured.

[0119] The first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 can be exemplified as follows: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.07mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.06mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.05mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.04mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.03mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.02mrad / 10mm, or 3σ1≤0.01mrad / 10mm, etc.

[0120] Preferably, the standard deviation σ1 of the first local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.05mrad / 10mm. More preferably, the standard deviation σ1 of the first local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.03mrad / 10mm.

[0121] Therefore, this embodiment limits the standard deviation σ1 of the first local wedge angle fluctuation to select a glass plate with smaller local wedge angle fluctuation. The smaller the local wedge angle fluctuation, the better the superposition stability of the ghost image and the main image.

[0122] And / or, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 has a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 having a second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 within the image display area 10, the second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 satisfying the following condition: 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm.

[0123] The second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 can be exemplified by 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.14mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.13mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.12mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.11mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.1mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.09mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.08mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.07mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.06mrad / 10mm, or 3σ2≤0.05mrad / 10mm, etc.

[0124] Preferably, the standard deviation σ2 of the second local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ2 ≤ 0.12 mrad / 10 mm. More preferably, the standard deviation σ2 of the second local wedge angle fluctuation satisfies the following condition: 3σ2 ≤ 0.1 mrad / 10 mm.

[0125] Therefore, this embodiment selects an intermediate adhesive layer 12 with smaller local wedge angle fluctuations by limiting the second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2. The smaller the local wedge angle fluctuation, the better the superposition stability of the ghost image and the main image.

[0126] Optionally, the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 13, which have a wedge shape, have a spray direction, which can be vertical or horizontal. Preferably, the spray direction is vertical.

[0127] The direction of the molten glass runner refers to the direction in which the molten glass moves across the surface of the molten tin during the float glass production process. This embodiment, by limiting the molten glass runner direction to vertical or horizontal, can reduce driver visual distortion and fatigue, lessen the blurriness and dizziness experienced when viewing images, thereby improving driver comfort and safety.

[0128] Internal reflectance of visible light for P-polarized light in functional layer 14 This refers to the reflectivity of functional layer 14 for P-polarized light with wavelengths from 380nm to 780nm.

[0129] Internal reflectance of visible light for P-polarized light in functional layer 14 The calculation can be performed using the anti-reflection prism coupling measurement method, also known as the prism coupling method. The calculation method is as follows: ;in, The reflectance ratio of the P-polarized visible light spectrum of the functional layer reflective sub-image, measured by anti-reflection prism coupling measurement method at a specific incident angle (excluding reflections from the front and back interfaces of the sample).

[0130] This is the relative value of the product of the HUD light source's relative spectral power distribution function and the CIE spectral luminous efficacy. The product is normalized to 100%.

[0131] The prism coupling method will be described in detail below: First, a detection device 3 is provided, which includes two optical prisms with isosceles symmetry: a first optical prism 311 and a second optical prism 312, an optical coupling agent, and three anti-reflection optical elements: a first anti-reflection optical element 321, a second anti-reflection optical element 322, and a third anti-reflection optical element 323.

[0132] A first optical prism 311 is placed on the first surface of the laminated glass 1, and a second optical prism 312 is placed on the fourth surface of the laminated glass 1. An optical coupling agent is disposed at the connection between the optical prisms and the laminated glass 1. A first anti-reflection optical element 321 is placed on the surface of the first optical prism 311 facing away from the laminated glass 1. A second anti-reflection optical element 322 and a third anti-reflection optical element 323 are placed on the surface of the second optical prism 312 facing away from the laminated glass 1. Furthermore, the second anti-reflection optical element 322 and the third anti-reflection optical element 323 are symmetrically arranged, and the second anti-reflection optical element 322 is symmetrically arranged with the first anti-reflection optical element 321. After the laminated glass 1 is combined with the detection device 3, an optical prism coupling structure is obtained.

[0133] like Figure 3 As shown, during the detection, the incident light is labeled T0, and the sample is labeled S. The incident light T0 enters the sample S and is reflected to form reflected light R1, and the incident light T0 passes through the sample S to form transmitted light T1.

[0134] Specifically, incident light T0 enters through the third anti-reflection optical element 323 with an incident angle of 0°, which is the angle between the incident light T0 and the normal to the incident interface. Reflected light R1 exits through the second anti-reflection optical element 322 with an exit angle of 0°, which is the angle between the reflected light R1 and the normal to the exit interface. Transmitted light T1 exits through the first anti-reflection optical element 321 with an exit angle of 0°, which is the angle between the transmitted light T1 and the normal to the exit interface.

[0135] The specific steps of the detection method are as follows: S10. Select an optical prism of appropriate specifications according to the test incident angle. The relationship between the incident angle β of the laminated glass 1 (air surface to glass interface) and the incident angle γ in the optical prism structure is γ=asin(sinβ / n), where n is the refractive index of the laminated glass 1. For example, if the incident angle of the laminated glass 1 is β=66°, then the incident angle γ in the optical prism structure is 37°.

[0136] S20 involves directly connecting and filling two optical prisms with an optical coupling agent to obtain a control coupling structure. Visual testing shows that the optical path is transparent, without ghosting, bubbles, or contamination.

[0137] S30, place the entire control coupling structure into the spectrophotometer, and then measure the transmission spectrum. The measurement interval is 5 nm.

[0138] S40, remove the control coupling structure, then clamp the laminated glass sample 1 according to the actual incident direction and re-connect and fill it with optical coupling agent to obtain a reassembled optical prism coupling structure. Visually test the optical path to ensure it is transparent, without ghosting, bubbles, or contaminants. Then, place the entire optical prism coupling structure into a spectrophotometer and measure the reflectance spectrum. The measurement interval is 5 nm.

[0139] S50, Spectral data processing, calculation of internal reflection spectrum: .

[0140] Internal reflectance of visible light for P-polarized light in functional layer 14 Specific examples include 3.5%, or 3%, or 4.5%, or 5%, or 5.5%, or 6%, or 6.5%, or 7%, or 7.5%, or 8%, or 8.5%, or 9%, or 9.5%, or 10%, or 11%, or 12%, or 13%, or 14%, or 15%, or 16%, or 17%, or 18%, or 19%, or 20%, etc.

[0141] Preferably, the visible light internal reflectance of functional layer 14 for P-polarized light is... ≥6%, or ≥10%, or ≥15%.

[0142] In summary, the laminated glass 1 provided in this embodiment, by setting a first wedge shape, makes the reflected primary image coincide with the functional layer reflected secondary image. Furthermore, by using the functional layer 14, which has a high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light, in conjunction with the projected light, and by using the adjustment layer 15, the glass plate reflected secondary image is significantly weakened, eliminating the ghosting of the glass plate reflected secondary image. This achieves the transformation of the traditional secondary brightness reflected image from the glass plate reflected secondary image to the functional layer reflected secondary image. The reflected image is mainly composed of S-polarized light from the reflected primary image and P-polarized light from the functional layer reflected secondary image. As the functional layer reflected secondary image serves as the secondary brightness reflected image, the distance between the functional layer 14 and the inner surface of the second glass plate 13 is reduced, and the corresponding ghosting amount is reduced, thereby making the displayed image brighter and clearer, with high light efficiency, and improving driving safety.

[0143] In one embodiment, the |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤25; and / or, the |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤25.

[0144] The values ​​of |a*| and |b*| can be obtained by referring to the CIELAB standard and GB / T 21047.

[0145] The |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image can be exemplified by, for example, 25, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0. Preferably, the |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤15 or ≤10.

[0146] The |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image can be exemplified by, for example, 25, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0. Preferably, the |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤15 or ≤10.

[0147] This embodiment ensures that the displayed image has minimal or no color cast when directly observing the image display area 10 by limiting the |a*| and |b*| values ​​of the functional layer reflective subimage. Specifically, this embodiment limits the |a*| value of the functional layer reflective subimage to ≤25, and the closer the |a*| value is to 0, the smaller the value, to avoid red-green color cast. Furthermore, it limits the |b*| value of the functional layer reflective subimage to ≤25, and the closer the |b*| value is to 0, the smaller the value, to avoid yellow-blue color cast. By controlling the color cast of the functional layer reflective subimage, a clearer displayed image can be obtained.

[0148] In one embodiment, the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer 14 for P-polarized light is... ≥6%, specifically, examples include 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 20%, etc. Preferably, the functional layer 14 has a visible light internal reflectance ratio for P-polarized light. ≥10%, or ≥15%.

[0149] This embodiment further limits the visible light internal reflectance of the energy layer for P-polarized light. ≥6% makes the P-light reflection image of functional layer 14 more obvious, making it easier for the human eye to observe and recognize the display image, or even a clear display image, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0150] In another embodiment, the incident angle β of the projected light satisfies the following condition: 40°≤β≤68°.

[0151] The incident angle β of the projected light is based on the principal ray of the central eyebox.

[0152] The incident angle β of the projected light ray can be exemplified by, for example, 40°, 42°, 44°, 46°, 48°, 50°, 52°, 54°, 56°, 58°, 60°, 62°, 64°, 66°, or 68°. Preferably, the incident angle β of the projected light ray satisfies the condition: 44° ≤ β ≤ 65°. More preferably, the incident angle β of the projected light ray satisfies the condition: 50° ≤ β ≤ 65°.

[0153] On one hand, the adjustment layer 15 converts S-polarized light into P-polarized light, and the first surface of the first glass plate 11 is P-polarized light. When the incident angle β of the projected light deviates from θ B If the angle of incidence (57°) is too large, it can easily lead to increased brightness of the secondary image reflected by the glass plate. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the range of the incident angle β to 65°.

[0154] On the other hand, as the incident angle decreases, the reflectivity of the fourth surface of the second glass plate 13 decreases significantly. For example, at an incident angle of 60°, the reflectivity of the fourth surface of the second glass plate 13 is 18.2%; at an incident angle of 50°, the reflectivity is 11.7%, which is already lower than the conventional requirements for light efficiency. High light efficiency is a long-term pursuit of projection systems. When the incident angle is less than 61.8°, the reflectivity of the fourth surface of the second glass plate 13 is less than 20%, resulting in a significant decrease in light efficiency. This will increase the optical engine load, making the problem more prominent. At the same time, as the incident angle decreases, the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer 14 also decreases. Typically, the brightness also decreases. Under these two adverse factors, the total brightness of the superimposed image of the functional layer's reflective sub-image and reflective primary image also decreases. Therefore, this application specifies that the functional layer has a higher visible light internal reflectance. Preferred visible light internal reflectance ≥6%, or ≥10%, or ≥15% are used to improve the overall brightness of the superimposed image of the functional layer's reflective sub-image and reflective primary image. The lower the incident angle β, the greater the visible light internal reflectance ratio is required. When the incident angle β is too low, a higher visible light internal reflectance can be achieved. The difficulty of corresponding functional layer 14 is also increasing, so β≥50° is preferred.

[0155] Furthermore, when the incident angle of the projected light is ≤65°, the total reflectivity RL of the laminated glass 1 is ≥20%.

[0156] The total reflectance RL of the laminated glass 1 can be exemplified as 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, or 40%, etc.

[0157] This embodiment increases the reflectivity of the fourth surface of the second glass plate 13 and increases the brightness of the reflected image by limiting the total reflectivity RL of the laminated glass 1 to ≥20% at a low incident angle.

[0158] Furthermore, the functional layer 14 has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the 450nm~630nm wavelength band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV, is ≤15%.

[0159] The difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance, PV, can be exemplified by values ​​such as 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1%.

[0160] This implementation minimizes the difference PV between the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​in the internal reflection spectrum. The curve remains flat or nearly flat in the 450nm~630nm band, thereby reducing or eliminating color cast in the RGB of the P-light reflection image of functional layer 14. This makes it easier for the human eye to observe and recognize the display image, or even a clear display image, thereby further improving driving safety.

[0161] Furthermore, the chroma C of the functional layer reflective sub-image * ab ≤30.

[0162] Among them, chroma C * ab This can be obtained by referring to CIELAB standards and GB / T 21047.

[0163] Chroma C * abSpecific examples include 30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, or 2, etc. Preferably, the chroma C of the functional layer reflective sub-image... * ab ≤20, or ≤10.

[0164] The hue angle h of the functional layer's reflective subimage ab The range is 40° to 320°.

[0165] Among them, the hue angle h ab This can be obtained by referring to CIELAB standards and GB / T 21047.

[0166] The hue angle h of the functional layer reflection subimage ab Specific examples include 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 120°, 140°, 160°, 180°, 200°, 220°, 240°, 260°, 280°, 300°, and 320°.

[0167] Preferably, the hue angle h of the functional layer reflective sub-image ab The range is 45° to 135°, corresponding to the yellow area.

[0168] Preferably, the hue angle h of the functional layer reflective sub-image ab The range is 220° to 315°, corresponding to the blue area.

[0169] This embodiment limits the chroma C of the functional layer reflective subimage. * ab and / or hue angle h ab This further limits the color cast of the reflected image in the functional layer, allowing users to observe a clearer displayed image and further improving driving safety.

[0170] This application also provides a projection system, which includes a projection device and a laminated glass as described above. The projection device is disposed on the side of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The projection device is used to generate projection light, which includes S-polarized light. The proportion of S-polarized light in the projection light is ≥90%. The image display area is used to receive and reflect the projection light to form a reflected main image.

[0171] Optionally, the wavelength of the projected light includes 380nm to 780nm.

[0172] This application also provides a vehicle, the vehicle including a body and a laminated glass as described above, the laminated glass being disposed on the body.

[0173] The projection device of the projection system can be installed inside the vehicle body, while the laminated glass is installed at the opening in the vehicle body.

[0174] When laminated glass is installed in a vehicle, it is preferably used as the windshield. However, it is not limited to this; laminated glass can also be used as the rear windshield or side window, thus providing more display applications for the vehicle. In addition to vehicles, laminated glass can also be used in transportation vehicles such as airplanes, trains, and rail transit.

[0175] The projection system and vehicle provided in this application utilize the laminated glass provided in this application. The laminated glass is configured with a first wedge shape to ensure that the primary reflected image and the secondary reflected image of the functional layer coincide. Furthermore, a functional layer with high internal reflectivity for P-polarized light is used in conjunction with the projection light, and an adjustment layer is used to significantly weaken the secondary reflected image of the glass plate, eliminating ghosting of the secondary reflected image of the glass plate. This achieves the transformation of the traditional secondary brightness reflected image from the secondary reflected image of the glass plate to the secondary reflected image of the functional layer. The reflected image is mainly composed of S-polarized light from the primary reflected image and P-polarized light from the secondary reflected image of the functional layer. As the secondary brightness reflected image, the distance between the functional layer and the inner surface of the second glass plate is reduced, resulting in a smaller amount of ghosting. This makes the displayed image brighter and clearer, with high light efficiency, thus improving driving safety.

[0176] To make the objectives and advantages of this application clearer, the effects of the laminated glass of this application will be further explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0177] Comparative Example 1: Glass plate 2.1mm / Double silver coating 2A / Wedge-shaped PVB intermediate adhesive layer 0.76mm / Glass plate 2.1mm; Comparative Example 2: Glass plate 2.1mm / Triple silver coating 3A1 / Wedge-shaped PVB intermediate adhesive layer 0.76mm / Glass plate 2.1mm; Comparative Example 3: Glass plate 2.1mm / Triple silver coating 3A2 / Wedge-shaped PVB intermediate adhesive layer 0.76mm / Glass plate 2.1mm; Comparative Example 4: Glass plate 2.1mm / 4A1 silver coating / wedge-shaped PVB intermediate adhesive layer 0.76mm / glass plate 2.1mm; Example 1: 2.1mm glass plate / 2A double silver coating / 0.38mm PVB intermediate adhesive layer / 0.1mm adjustment layer / 0.38mm PVB intermediate adhesive layer / 2.1mm wedge-shaped glass plate; Example 2: 2.1mm glass plate / 3A1 triple silver coating / 0.38mm PVB intermediate adhesive layer / 0.1mm adjustment layer / 0.38mm PVB intermediate adhesive layer / 2.1mm wedge-shaped glass plate; Example 3: Wedge-shaped glass plate 2.1mm / Triple silver coating 3A2 / PVB intermediate adhesive layer 0.38mm / Adjustment layer 0.1mm / PVB intermediate adhesive layer 0.38mm / Glass plate 2.1mm; Example 4: Wedge-shaped glass plate 2.1mm / 4A1 silver coating / 0.38mm PVB intermediate adhesive layer / 0.1mm adjustment layer / 0.38mm PVB intermediate adhesive layer / 2.1mm glass plate; In Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, the outer glass plate was green glass and the inner glass plate was clear glass. In the remaining Comparative Examples 2-4 and Examples 2-4, both glass plates were clear glass.

[0178] Different projection devices were used to test Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-4 respectively. The performance parameters of the projection devices are shown in Table 1.

[0179] Table 1: Performance Parameters of the Projection Device

[0180] In this case, the proportion of S-polarized light in the projection light source generated by the projection device is q=1.

[0181] First, a white light source was projected onto the HUD optical path. A spectrometer was used to record the emission spectrum S(λ) of the HUD main image along the projection optical path. The data is summarized as follows. Figure 4 .

[0182] Then, using the prism coupling method with an angle of incidence (AOI) of 65°, the internal reflection spectrum of the functional layer in the laminated glass for P-polarized light was obtained. ,as follows Figure 5 .

[0183] Subsequently, the HUD image imaging experience was visually observed on a real vehicle simulation test bench, and the evaluation index of the functional layer reflective sub-image and the data summary of the visual effect of the image are shown in Table 2 below.

[0184] Table 2: Evaluation Index Parameters for Laminated Glass

[0185] It should be noted that no adjustment layer was provided in Comparative Examples 1-4. When the projected light is S-polarized light, the functional layer reflects S-polarized light. Therefore, Table 2 shows the internal reflection ratio of the functional layer to S-polarized light in the comparative examples.

[0186] However, in Examples 1-4, an adjustment layer is provided, which can convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light. When the projected light is S-polarized light, the functional layer reflects P-polarized light. Therefore, Table 2 shows the internal reflection ratio of the functional layer to P-polarized light in the detection examples.

[0187] As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Examples 1-4, the glass plate reflective sub-image is a secondary brightness image, and a fixed wedge angle of 0.48 mrad is used to make the glass plate reflective sub-image coincide with the primary image. However, the glass plate reflective sub-image in Examples 1-4 is relatively dim, so a first wedge angle α1 = 0.29 mrad is used to make the functional layer reflective sub-image coincide with the primary image. Therefore, in Examples 3-4, a second wedge is used, and the wedge angle difference between the second wedge and the first wedge is (α2-α1) = 0.20 mrad. The second wedge works in conjunction with the first wedge to make the glass plate reflective sub-image coincide with the functional layer reflective sub-image, thus achieving the superposition of the three images: the glass plate reflective sub-image, the functional layer reflective sub-image, and the primary image.

[0188] The glass plate reflection sub-images in Examples 1-4 are relatively dim. The maximum ghosting is the deviation angle between the functional layer reflection sub-image and the main reflection image. Due to the thinness, the ghosting value corresponding to the functional layer reflection sub-image is small, which meets the value of 2.5 arcmin that is usually acceptable to the human eye, or even lower than 2.0 arcmin, and the image clarity is good. In contrast, the ghosting value of the main reflection image in Comparative Examples 1-4 has significantly exceeded 2.5 arcmin. Moreover, the functional layer reflection sub-image is below the glass plate reflection sub-image, resulting in a superimposed second ghosting. The functional layer reflection sub-image is bright and color-distorted, and the overall image is obviously blurry.

[0189] Looking at the color of the functional layer reflection sub-image, the functional layer reflection sub-image in Comparative Example 1 is a pale purplish-red, while the functional layer reflection sub-images in Comparative Examples 2-4 are red, orange-red, and bright red, respectively, with Comparative Example 3 showing the most obvious color cast. The functional layer reflection sub-image is difficult to overlap with the primary reflection image, resulting in a poor user experience. In contrast, the functional layer reflection sub-images in Examples 1 and 4 are relatively dim, and after overlapping with the primary reflection image, the color cast is not obvious, with a chroma C... * ab <20, or even <10, while the functional layer reflective sub-images of Examples 2-3 are relatively brighter. After coinciding with the reflective main image, they exhibit a slight color cast, and the overlapping functional layer reflective sub-images are easier to color correct at the HUD optical engine end. For Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, the first glass plate is green glass, which can reduce the reflectivity of the outer surface of the laminated glass, help reduce the brightness ratio of the secondary image reflected by the glass plate relative to the primary image reflected, thereby improving the image clarity.

[0190] Furthermore, refer to Figure 5 And the data in Table 2, in Examples 1-4, show the internal reflection spectra of the functional layer for P-polarized light. The curves show that the differences in reflectivity (PV) between the maximum and minimum reflectivity in the 450nm~630nm band are 4.9%, 7.2%, 13.6%, and 5.1%, respectively. This is beneficial for reducing the color cast of the functional layer's reflective sub-image and improving the recognition of the displayed image.

[0191] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings: In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0192] In this application, "one or more" refers to any one, any two, or any two or more of the listed items. "Several" refers to any two or more.

[0193] In this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0194] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0195] In this application, the terms "embodiment" and "implementation" mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of these phrases in various locations throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they independent or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that the features, structures, or characteristics described in the various embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined to form yet another embodiment that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this application, provided there is no contradiction between them.

[0196] The above description represents some embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, an intermediate adhesive layer, and a second glass plate stacked sequentially. The laminated glass also includes a functional layer disposed between the first glass plate and the intermediate adhesive layer. The first glass plate includes a first surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer and a second surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer; the second glass plate includes a third surface close to the intermediate adhesive layer and a fourth surface facing away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The laminated glass has an image display area, and at least within the area of ​​the image display area, a first wedge shape is formed between the functional layer and the fourth surface; The laminated glass also includes an adjustment layer located in the image display area. The adjustment layer is disposed between the functional layer and the second glass plate. The adjustment layer is used to convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light. When the incident angle of the projected light is 65°, the visible light internal reflectance of the functional layer for P-polarized light is [value missing]. ≥3.5%.

2. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The image display area is used to receive and reflect projected light to form a reflected primary image, and the projected light also forms a functional layer reflected secondary image. The first wedge is used to adjust the functional layer reflective sub-image so that the displacement difference between the functional layer reflective sub-image and the reflective main image is within a first preset range, the first preset range being ≤2.25arcmin.

3. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The image display area is used to receive and reflect projected light to form a reflected primary image, and the projected light also forms a reflected secondary image on the glass plate. At least within the image display area, there is a second wedge between the first surface and the fourth surface, the first wedge being unequal to the second wedge, the second wedge being used to adjust the glass plate reflective sub-image so that the displacement difference between the glass plate reflective sub-image and the reflective main image is within a second preset range.

4. The laminated glass as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second preset range is ≤2arcmin.

5. The laminated glass as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first wedge shape is provided by a combination of at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer and the second glass plate; The second wedge shape is provided at least by the first glass plate.

6. The laminated glass as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The wedge angle of the first wedge is ≤0.404 mrad; And / or, the difference between the wedge angle of the second wedge and the wedge angle of the first wedge is the wedge angle of the first glass plate, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate is ≤0.295mrad.

7. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first glass plate and / or the second glass plate have a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate gradually decreases, and the rate of change of the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate is ≤0.3mrad / 100mm.

8. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first glass plate and / or the second glass plate have a wedge angle, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate has a first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 in the image display area. The first local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ1 satisfies the following condition: 3σ1≤0.08mrad / 10mm; And / or, the intermediate adhesive layer has a wedge angle, the wedge angle of the intermediate adhesive layer having a second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 within the image display area, the second local wedge angle fluctuation standard deviation σ2 satisfying the following condition: 3σ2≤0.15mrad / 10mm.

9. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conversion efficiency of the adjustment layer for the S-polarized light is ≥85%; And / or, the thickness of the adjustment layer is 2μm~200μm; And / or, the internal reflectivity of the adjustment layer in the laminated glass is ≤2%.

10. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment layer is selected from a half-wave plate film, which is selected from at least one of polyimide-based thin film half-wave plate, liquid crystal polymer thin film half-wave plate, indium tin oxide thin film half-wave plate, quartz-based flexible thin film half-wave plate, nanocomposite thin film half-wave plate, graphene-oxide composite thin film half-wave plate, and ultrathin dielectric metasurface half-wave plate.

11. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate adhesive layer includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, and the first glass plate, the first adhesive layer, the adjustment layer, the second adhesive layer, and the second glass plate are stacked in sequence. Wherein, the sum of the thicknesses of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm; And / or, the thickness ratio K of the first adhesive layer to the second adhesive layer satisfies: K=1±0.

5.

12. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the incident angle of the projected light is ≤65°, the total reflectivity RL of the laminated glass is ≥20%.

13. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layer has an internal reflection spectrum for P-polarized light. The internal reflection spectrum In the 450nm~630nm wavelength band, the difference between the maximum and minimum reflectance values, PV, is ≤15%.

14. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layer reflection sub-image satisfies at least one of the following: The |a*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤25; The |b*| value of the functional layer reflective sub-image is ≤25; The chroma C of the functional layer reflective subimage * ab ≤30; The hue angle h of the functional layer's reflective subimage ab The range is 40° to 320°.

15. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The incident angle β of the projected light satisfies the following condition: 40°<β≤68°.

16. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the second glass plate is ≤2.1mm.

17. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, At least within the area of ​​the image display area, a coloring material is provided between the first surface and the functional layer, the coloring material having a visible light transmittance of ≥50%, ≥60%, or ≥70%.

18. A projection system, characterized in that, The projection system includes a projection device and a laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-17. The projection device is disposed on the side of the second glass plate away from the intermediate adhesive layer. The projection device is used to generate projection light, the projection light includes S-polarized light, and the proportion of S-polarized light in the projection light is ≥90%. The image display area is used to receive and reflect the projection light to form a reflected primary image.

19. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a body and a laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-17, the laminated glass being disposed on the body.

Images