High-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of ceramic materials technology, and provides a high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay, its preparation method, and its application. The high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay of this invention is composed of the following components: brick and tile construction waste, concrete construction waste, kaolin, bauxite, ceramic factory waste mud, ceramic factory waste glaze, and a composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent; the composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent includes talc, bentonite, and wollastonite, with a mass ratio of talc, bentonite, and wollastonite of 3~4:2~3:3~4. This invention, through synergistic formulation, particle size control, segmented aging, and stepped firing, fundamentally solves the technical problems of traditional waste-based clay, such as low strength, easy cracking, poor appearance, lack of functionality, high energy consumption, and low yield. It has outstanding advantages of high strength, self-cleaning, low energy consumption, and high yield, and can meet the industrial production needs of daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, and art ceramics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic materials technology, and in particular to a high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The construction and ceramics industries are pillar industries of the national economy that generate enormous amounts of solid waste. With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the expansion of building renovation and demolition, and the expansion of ceramic industry capacity, hundreds of millions of tons of waste materials are generated annually, including brick and tile construction waste, concrete waste, ceramic production sludge, and ceramic glaze waste. These solid wastes generally suffer from problems such as occupying land for storage, generating dust and leachate pollution, low resource utilization rates, and high disposal costs, becoming a prominent bottleneck restricting the green and low-carbon development of these industries.

[0003] Using construction solid waste and ceramic solid waste to prepare clay materials is an important way to reduce, recycle, and increase the value of bulk solid waste. It can reduce dependence on non-renewable mineral resources such as natural clay and kaolin, and significantly reduce the cost of ceramic raw materials, thus achieving both environmental and economic benefits.

[0004] Currently, existing technologies have disclosed various methods for preparing clay or ceramic bodies from waste materials. Most of these methods involve simple crushing, mixing, ball milling, molding, and firing of construction waste, ceramic sludge, and waste glaze to achieve preliminary utilization of solid waste. However, in practical applications, existing technologies generally suffer from the following insurmountable technical defects: crude raw material compatibility and insufficient performance control; lack of functional design, resulting in low product added value; high firing temperature and energy consumption, leading to poor production economics; rough process control, resulting in low product consistency and yield; and low comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste, failing to fully realize environmental advantages. In summary, existing waste-based clay technologies have significant shortcomings in terms of strength performance, functional characteristics, energy consumption control, process stability, and solid waste utilization rate, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of modern ceramic raw materials that are "high-strength, low-consumption, green, multifunctional, and industrially scalable."

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a waste-based clay with high solid waste utilization rate, stable molding, low firing temperature, high mechanical strength, and self-purification function, as well as its preparation method and application. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay, its preparation method, and its application, thereby solving the significant shortcomings of existing waste-based clays in terms of strength performance, functional characteristics, energy consumption control, process stability, and solid waste utilization rate.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a high-strength, self-cleaning waste-based clay, the clay comprising the following components in parts by weight: 28-35 parts of brick and tile construction waste, 3-8 parts of concrete construction waste, 15-22 parts of kaolin, 10-16 parts of bauxite, 22-30 parts of ceramic factory waste mud, 8-14 parts of ceramic factory waste glaze, and 4-8 parts of composite self-purifying reinforcing agent; The composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent includes talc, bentonite, and wollastonite, with a mass ratio of 3~4:2~3:3~4.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of each of the talc, bentonite and wollastonite is 2~8μm.

[0009] This invention also provides a method for preparing high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Weigh the above-mentioned parts by weight of raw materials, and sequentially premix and ball mill them to obtain a slurry; 2) The slurry is sequentially screened to remove iron, pressed, vacuum-kneaded, and aged in stages to obtain refined mud. 3) The refined clay is dried and fired in stages to obtain high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay.

[0010] Preferably, in step 1), the premixing time is 8-12 minutes; Ball milling involves mixing the premixed raw materials with water and then ball milling them. The mass ratio of the premixed raw materials to water is 1:0.5~1, the ball milling time is 50~70 minutes, and the ball milling speed is 300~500 rpm.

[0011] Preferably, in step 2), the particle size of the slurry after iron removal by sieving is ≥250 mesh; The moisture content of the mud cake after pressing is 20-24%.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2), the stepped aging includes high-temperature aging and room-temperature aging. The temperature of high-temperature aging is 30~35℃ and the time of high-temperature aging is 24~48h. The temperature of room-temperature aging is 20~30℃ and the time of room-temperature aging is 48~72h.

[0013] Preferably, in step 3), the moisture content of the dried product is ≤2%, and the drying temperature is 100~150℃.

[0014] Preferably, in step 3), the stepped firing process sequentially passes through a preheating section, an oxidation decomposition section, and a sintering section; In the preheating section, the temperature of the preheating section is 280~300℃, and the heating rate from room temperature to the preheating section temperature is 2~3℃ / min; In the oxidation decomposition section, the temperature of the oxidation decomposition section is 850~950℃, the holding time of the oxidation decomposition section is 10~16min, and the heating rate from the preheating section temperature to the oxidation decomposition section temperature is 3~4℃ / min. In the sintering section, the temperature of the sintering section is 1130~1150℃, the sintering time is 25~45min, and the heating rate from the temperature of the oxidation decomposition section to the temperature of the sintering section is 1.5~2.5℃ / min.

[0015] This invention also provides an application of high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay in the preparation of daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, or art ceramics.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention fundamentally solves the technical problems of traditional waste-based ceramics, such as low strength, easy cracking, poor appearance, lack of function, high energy consumption, and low yield, through formula synergy, particle size control, segmented aging, and stepped firing. It has outstanding advantages of high strength, self-purification, low energy consumption, and high yield, and can meet the industrial production needs of daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, and art ceramics. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This invention provides a high-strength, self-cleaning waste-based clay, the clay comprising the following components in parts by weight: 28-35 parts of brick and tile construction waste, 3-8 parts of concrete construction waste, 15-22 parts of kaolin, 10-16 parts of bauxite, 22-30 parts of ceramic factory waste mud, 8-14 parts of ceramic factory waste glaze, and 4-8 parts of composite self-purifying reinforcing agent; The composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent includes talc, bentonite, and wollastonite, with a mass ratio of 3~4:2~3:3~4.

[0018] In this invention, the preferred mass fraction of the brick and tile construction waste is 29-34 parts, more preferably 30-33 parts, and even more preferably 31-32 parts; the preferred mass fraction of the concrete construction waste is 4-7 parts, more preferably 5-6 parts; the preferred mass fraction of the kaolin is 16-21 parts, more preferably 17-20 parts, and even more preferably 18-19 parts; the preferred mass fraction of the bauxite is 11-15 parts, more preferably 12-14 parts, and even more preferably 13 parts; the preferred mass fraction of the ceramic factory waste mud is 23-29 parts, more preferably 24-28 parts, and even more preferably 25-26 parts; the preferred mass fraction of the ceramic factory waste glaze is 9-13 parts, more preferably 10-12 parts, and even more preferably 11 parts; and the preferred mass fraction of the composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent is 5-7 parts, and even more preferably 6 parts.

[0019] In this invention, the preferred mass ratio of talc, bentonite and wollastonite is 3.2~3.8:2.2~2.8:3.2~3.8, more preferably 3.4~3.7:2.3~2.6:3.3~3.6, and even more preferably 3.5~3.6:2.4~2.5:3.4~3.5.

[0020] In this invention, the particle size of each of the talc, bentonite and wollastonite is preferably 2~8μm, more preferably 3~7μm, and even more preferably 4~6μm.

[0021] In this invention, brick and tile construction waste and concrete construction waste form a lean skeleton and work synergistically with low-temperature fluxing to reduce firing temperature while ensuring stable green body dimensions. Kaolin, bauxite, and bentonite provide synergistic plasticity and strength, significantly improving the green body's molding performance and mechanical strength. Ceramic factory waste mud, ceramic factory waste glaze, and wollastonite achieve synergistic slurry stability and sintering density, improving product uniformity and surface quality. A composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent composed of talc, bentonite, and wollastonite provides synergistic reinforcement and self-cleaning, enhancing the green body's strength while endowing the material with adsorption and self-cleaning functions. The components of the entire system complement and promote each other, ultimately resulting in waste-based ceramic clay with high strength, high density, high thermal stability, and self-cleaning function.

[0022] This invention also provides a method for preparing high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Weigh the above-mentioned parts by weight of raw materials, and sequentially premix and ball mill them to obtain a slurry; 2) The slurry is sequentially screened to remove iron, pressed, vacuum-kneaded, and aged in stages to obtain refined mud. 3) The refined clay is dried and fired in stages to obtain high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay.

[0023] In this invention, the raw materials are preferably crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve before premixing.

[0024] In this invention, in step 1), the premixing time is preferably 8-12 min, more preferably 9-11 min, and even more preferably 10 min; the premixing speed is preferably 100-120 rpm, more preferably 105-115 rpm, and even more preferably 110 rpm. The ball milling process preferably involves mixing the premixed raw material with water and then ball milling it. The mass ratio of the premixed raw material to water is preferably 1:0.5~1, more preferably 1:0.6~0.9, and even more preferably 1:0.7~0.8. The ball milling time is preferably 50~70 min, more preferably 55~65 min, and even more preferably 58~60 min. The ball milling speed is preferably 300~500 rpm, more preferably 350~450 rpm, and even more preferably 400~420 rpm. The ball-to-material ratio is preferably 1.5~2:1, more preferably 1.6~1.9:1, and even more preferably 1.7~1.8:1.

[0025] In this invention, in step 2), the particle size of the slurry after iron removal by sieving is preferably ≥250 mesh, more preferably ≥260 mesh, and even more preferably ≥270 mesh; The moisture content of the mud cake after pressing is preferably 20-24%, more preferably 21-23%, and even more preferably 22%.

[0026] In this invention, in step 2), the iron removal by sieving is preferably carried out by passing the iron through a three-stage vibrating screen of 120 mesh, 200 mesh and 250 mesh in sequence, and magnetic separation is performed after each stage of sieving.

[0027] In this invention, in step 2), the aging process preferably includes high-temperature aging and room-temperature aging. The temperature for high-temperature aging is preferably 30-35°C, more preferably 31-34°C, and even more preferably 32-33°C. The aging time for high-temperature aging is preferably 24-48 hours, more preferably 28-42 hours, and even more preferably 30-36 hours. The temperature for room-temperature aging is preferably 20-30°C, more preferably 22-28°C, and even more preferably 24-26°C. The aging time for room-temperature aging is preferably 48-72 hours, more preferably 54-68 hours, and even more preferably 58-64 hours.

[0028] In this invention, step 2) employs a segmented aging process that combines high-temperature aging with room-temperature aging to eliminate internal stress in the clay and improve plasticity and molding stability.

[0029] In this invention, in step 3), the moisture content of the dried product is preferably ≤2%, more preferably ≤1.8%, and even more preferably ≤1.5%. The drying temperature is preferably 100~150℃, more preferably 110~140℃, and even more preferably 120~130℃.

[0030] In this invention, in step 3), the stepped firing process preferably passes through a preheating section, an oxidation decomposition section, and a sintering section sequentially. In the preheating section, the temperature is preferably 280~300℃, more preferably 285~295℃, and even more preferably 290~292℃. The heating rate from room temperature to the preheating section temperature is preferably 2~3℃ / min, more preferably 2.2~2.8℃ / min, and even more preferably 2.4~2.5℃ / min. In the oxidation decomposition section, the temperature of the oxidation decomposition section is preferably 850~950℃, more preferably 880~940℃, and even more preferably 900~920℃. The holding time of the oxidation decomposition section is preferably 10~16min, more preferably 11~15min, and even more preferably 12~13min. The heating rate from the preheating section temperature to the oxidation decomposition section temperature is preferably 3~4℃ / min, more preferably 3.2~3.8℃ / min, and even more preferably 3.4~3.5℃ / min. In the sintering section, the temperature is preferably 1130~1150℃, more preferably 1135~1145℃, and even more preferably 1140~1142℃. The sintering time is preferably 25~45min, more preferably 28~42min, and even more preferably 30~35min. The heating rate from the temperature of the oxidation decomposition section to the temperature of the sintering section is preferably 1.5~2.5℃ / min, more preferably 1.6~2.4℃ / min, and even more preferably 1.8~2.2℃ / min.

[0031] The stepped firing process employed in this invention precisely matches the thermal reaction characteristics of the composite reinforcing agent. In the oxidation decomposition stage, impurities are dissolved to achieve self-purification. In the sintering stage, the temperature is slowly increased to promote the growth of acicular anorthite, achieving in-situ reinforcement. Finally, densification is completed by short-term heat preservation at 1130~1150℃. This solves the problems of easy cracking, low strength, and poor appearance of waste-based clay, and achieves a comprehensive effect of high flexural strength of up to 52.8MPa, no black spots, yield of ≥91%, and energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0032] This invention also provides an application of high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay in the preparation of daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, or art ceramics.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Raw material components: 31 parts of brick and tile construction waste, 5 parts of concrete construction waste, 18 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of bauxite, 25 parts of ceramic factory waste mud, 11 parts of ceramic factory waste glaze, and 6 parts of composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent (the mass ratio of talc: bentonite: wollastonite is 3.5:2.5:3.5, and the particle size is controlled at 5μm). Preparation method: Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, crush them and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve. Mix them at 110 rpm for 10 minutes. Then mix the raw materials with water (the mass ratio of raw materials to water is 1:0.7) and ball mill them at 400 rpm for 60 minutes. The ball-to-material ratio is 1.8:1 to obtain a slurry. The slurry was passed through three vibrating screens of 120 mesh, 200 mesh and 250 mesh in sequence. After each screen, magnetic separation was performed to remove iron. The slurry was then pressed until the moisture content of the slurry cake was 22%. After vacuum slurrying, it was aged in stages (first aged at 33℃ for 36 hours and then aged at 25℃ for 60 hours) to obtain refined slurry. The refined clay was dried at 110℃ to a moisture content of 1.5%. The dried product was then heated from room temperature to 290℃ at a rate of 2.5℃ / min, then heated to 910℃ at a rate of 3.5℃ / min and held for 12 minutes, then heated to 1140℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min and held for 32 minutes. After natural cooling, high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay was obtained.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Raw material components: 28 parts brick and tile construction waste, 3 parts concrete construction waste, 20 parts kaolin, 10 parts bauxite, 24 parts ceramic factory waste mud, 10 parts ceramic factory waste glaze, and 5 parts composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent (the mass ratio of talc: bentonite: wollastonite is 3:2:3, and the particle size is controlled at 5μm). Preparation method: Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, crush them and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve. Mix them at 110 rpm for 8 minutes. Then mix the raw materials with water (the mass ratio of raw materials to water is 1:0.5) and ball mill them at 350 rpm for 55 minutes. The ball-to-material ratio is 1.6:1 to obtain a slurry. The slurry was passed through three vibrating screens of 120 mesh, 200 mesh and 250 mesh in sequence. After each screen, magnetic separation was performed to remove iron. The slurry was then pressed until the moisture content of the slurry cake was 20%. After vacuum kneading, it was aged in stages (first aged at 30℃ for 30h and then aged at 20℃ for 52h) to obtain refined slurry. The refined clay was dried at 100℃ to a moisture content of 1.8%. The dried product was then heated from room temperature to 280℃ at a rate of 2.2℃ / min, then heated to 850℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min and held for 10 min, then heated to 1130℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min and held for 30 min. After natural cooling, high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay was obtained.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] Raw material components: 34 parts of brick and tile construction waste, 6 parts of concrete construction waste, 20 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of bauxite, 28 parts of ceramic factory waste mud, 12 parts of ceramic factory waste glaze, and 8 parts of composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent (the mass ratio of talc: bentonite: wollastonite is 4:3:4, and the particle size is controlled at 7μm). Preparation method: Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, crush them and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve. Mix them at 120 rpm for 12 minutes. Then mix the raw materials with water (the mass ratio of raw materials to water is 1:0.8) and ball mill them at 480 rpm for 70 minutes with a ball-to-material ratio of 2:1 to obtain a slurry. The slurry was passed through three vibrating screens of 120 mesh, 200 mesh and 250 mesh in sequence. After each screen, magnetic separation was performed to remove iron. The slurry was then pressed until the moisture content of the slurry cake was 24%. After vacuum slurrying, it was aged in stages (first aged at 35℃ for 40 hours and then aged at 28℃ for 68 hours) to obtain refined slurry. The refined clay was dried at 150℃ to a moisture content of 1%. The dried product was then heated from room temperature to 300℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, then heated to 950℃ at a rate of 3.8℃ / min and held for 15 min, then heated to 1150℃ at a rate of 3.5℃ / min and held for 40 min. After natural cooling, high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay was obtained.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Raw material components: 28 portions of brick and tile construction waste, 4 portions of concrete construction waste, 21 portions of ordinary clay, 13 portions of bauxite, 25 portions of ceramic factory waste mud, and 9 portions of ceramic factory waste glaze. Preparation method: The process involves crushing, washing, batching, ball milling, sieving, pressing, kneading, conventional aging, and direct firing at 1150℃ for 30 minutes to obtain the final product.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] The composite self-cleaning enhancer in Example 1 is omitted, and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 3

[0045] Replace the stepped firing process in Example 1 with "directly heating to 1140℃ and holding for 32 minutes", and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0046] The following performance tests were conducted on Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and the results are shown in Table 1: Flexural strength: determined according to national standard GB / T 3810.4-2016 "Test methods for ceramic tiles - Part 4: Modulus of rupture and breaking strength"; Water absorption rate: determined according to the national standard GB / T 3810.3-2016 "Test methods for ceramic tiles - Part 3: Water absorption rate, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density"; Thermal stability: The sample was rapidly cooled in ice water from 180℃ to 20℃ for 3 cycles and observed for cracking. Self-cleaning performance: Using methylene blue solution as a simulated pollutant, the adsorption and degradation rate was tested over 2 hours. Appearance quality: Observe for black spots, pinholes, deformation, and cracks, and calculate the yield rate.

[0047] Table 1. Performance test results of the clays obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0048] As can be seen from the table, the comprehensive performance of the clay obtained in Examples 1-3 of this invention is superior to that of Comparative Examples 1-3. Its flexural strength can reach 52.8 MPa, its water absorption rate can be as low as 0.18%, its thermal stability is excellent, its self-cleaning adsorption rate can reach 68.3%, its appearance is defect-free, and its yield can reach 96.2%. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the flexural strength of this invention is increased by more than 80%, the water absorption rate is reduced by more than 70%, there are no black spot defects, and the yield is increased by more than 20%, and the material is endowed with self-cleaning function, with significant technical effects. Compared with Comparative Example 2, which does not contain composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent, the reinforcing agent used in this invention can significantly improve the strength, density and self-cleaning performance of the green body, demonstrating a good synergistic effect. Compared with Comparative Example 3, which uses conventional one-step firing, stepped firing can effectively reduce defects, improve density and yield, indicating that the segmented temperature control process is crucial for improving the quality of waste-based clay.

[0049] In summary, this invention fundamentally solves the technical problems of traditional waste-based ceramics, such as low strength, easy cracking, poor appearance, lack of functionality, high energy consumption, and low yield, through formula synergy, particle size control, segmented aging, and stepped firing. It has outstanding advantages of high strength, self-purification, low energy consumption, and high yield, and can meet the industrial production needs of daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, and art ceramics.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength, self-purifying waste-based ceramic, characterized in that, The clay is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 28-35 parts of brick and tile construction waste, 3-8 parts of concrete construction waste, 15-22 parts of kaolin, 10-16 parts of bauxite, 22-30 parts of ceramic factory waste mud, 8-14 parts of ceramic factory waste glaze, and 4-8 parts of composite self-purifying reinforcing agent; The composite self-cleaning reinforcing agent includes talc, bentonite, and wollastonite, with a mass ratio of 3~4:2~3:3~4.

2. The high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay according to claim 1, characterized in that, The talc, bentonite, and wollastonite each have an independent particle size of 2~8μm.

3. The method for preparing a high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) Weigh the above-mentioned parts by weight of raw materials, and sequentially premix and ball mill them to obtain a slurry; 2) The slurry is sequentially screened to remove iron, pressed, vacuum-kneaded, and aged in stages to obtain refined mud. 3) The refined clay is dried and fired in stages to obtain high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay.

4. The method for preparing high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 1), the premixing time is 8-12 minutes; Ball milling involves mixing the premixed raw materials with water and then ball milling them. The mass ratio of the premixed raw materials to water is 1:0.5~1, the ball milling time is 50~70 minutes, and the ball milling speed is 300~500 rpm.

5. The method for preparing high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 2), the particle size of the slurry after iron removal by sieving is ≥250 mesh; The moisture content of the mud cake after pressing is 20-24%.

6. The method for preparing high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that, In step 2), the stepped aging includes high-temperature aging and room-temperature aging. The temperature of high-temperature aging is 30~35℃ and the time is 24~48h. The temperature of room-temperature aging is 20~30℃ and the time is 48~72h.

7. The method for preparing high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3), the moisture content of the dried product is ≤2%, and the drying temperature is 100~150℃.

8. The method for preparing high-strength self-purifying waste-based clay according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 3), the stepped firing process sequentially passes through a preheating section, an oxidation decomposition section, and a sintering section. In the preheating section, the temperature of the preheating section is 280~300℃, and the heating rate from room temperature to the preheating section temperature is 2~3℃ / min; In the oxidation decomposition section, the temperature of the oxidation decomposition section is 850~950℃, the holding time of the oxidation decomposition section is 10~16min, and the heating rate from the preheating section temperature to the oxidation decomposition section temperature is 3~4℃ / min. In the sintering section, the temperature of the sintering section is 1130~1150℃, the sintering time is 25~45min, and the heating rate from the temperature of the oxidation decomposition section to the temperature of the sintering section is 1.5~2.5℃ / min.

9. The application of the high-strength self-cleaning waste-based clay as described in claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of daily-use ceramics, building ceramics or art ceramics.

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