An anti-icing coating, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This application relates to an anti-icing coating, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of protective coating technology. The anti-icing coating comprises a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer stacked together. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating includes first SiO2 nanoparticles and fluorosilane. The hydrophobic and oleophobic layer includes second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, and a binder. The use of natural polymer materials such as nanocellulose and chitosan nanoparticles in the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer results in lower cost and better environmental friendliness. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating achieves superhydrophobic properties through the synergistic effect of a nano-dispersion system and a "papillary" micro-nano rough structure. The hydrophobic and oleophobic layer further enhances the coating's hydrophobic and oleophobic properties and surface lubricity, significantly reducing the adhesion of ice to the coating surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of protective coating technology, specifically to an anti-icing coating, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, affected by global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme low temperatures, rain, snow and ice have continued to rise, and the probability of ice disasters on power transmission lines has increased significantly. Ice covering the cable surface will significantly reduce its flashover voltage and increase the weight of overhead transmission lines, making it very easy for towers to be damaged and ice flashover tripping accidents to occur, seriously threatening the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0003] Coating anti-icing is one of the most widely used passive anti-icing technologies. Its core principle is to apply a functional anti-icing coating to the substrate surface, adjusting the surface temperature or changing the surface wettability during the icing process, thereby inhibiting ice formation and reducing ice adhesion. Existing coating anti-icing methods mainly include two types: electrothermal anti-icing coatings and photothermal anti-icing coatings. Electrothermal anti-icing coatings achieve ice melting through the coating's own electrothermal effect, while photothermal anti-icing coatings utilize the coating's photothermal conversion properties to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy, raising the surface temperature to prevent icing.

[0004] However, traditional anti-icing coatings are mainly composed of fluorosilane compounds and industrialized nanomaterials, which are expensive and have poor environmental friendliness, making them unsuitable for large-scale application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and effective anti-icing coating and its preparation method, and to provide cables with the above-mentioned anti-icing coating.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a green anti-icing coating and its preparation method, comprising a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer stacked together;

[0007] The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating comprises first SiO2 nanoparticles and fluorosilane in a mass ratio of 1:(0.1~0.5);

[0008] The hydrophobic and oleophobic layer comprises second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, and a binder in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2~0.8):(0.1~0.5):(0.5~2.0).

[0009] In one embodiment, the fluorosilane is selected from at least one of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FAS-17), tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (FAS-13), perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES), and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane.

[0010] In one embodiment, the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating is 150°~165° and the roll-off angle is 2°~5°.

[0011] In one embodiment, the adhesive comprises an aqueous fluorocarbon-modified polyacrylate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer further includes a bio-based wax additive, wherein the bio-based wax additive has a mass fraction of 1% to 5% in the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bio-based wax is selected from at least one of palm wax and beeswax.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second SiO2 nanoparticles are nano-SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash.

[0015] In one embodiment, the thickness of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating is 5~20μm.

[0016] In one embodiment, the thickness of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is 10~50μm.

[0017] The second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing any of the above-mentioned anti-icing coatings, as follows:

[0018] A method for preparing an anti-icing coating includes the following steps:

[0019] The fluorosilane was added to a dispersion containing the first SiO2 nanoparticles and mixed to obtain a mixed solution.

[0020] The mixture is coated onto a substrate and cured to form the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating.

[0021] The second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, and chitosan nanoparticles were dispersed in water, and the binder was added. The mixture was then ball-milled to disperse the slurry.

[0022] The slurry is applied to the surface of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating and cured to form the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer.

[0023] A third aspect of this application provides a cable, the solution of which is as follows:

[0024] A cable includes a cable body and an anti-icing coating as described in any of the above examples or an anti-icing coating prepared by any of the above examples, wherein the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating is disposed on the cable body, and the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is disposed on the side of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating away from the cable body.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The anti-icing coating and its preparation method

[0027] (1) In the above anti-icing coating, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer uses natural polymer materials such as nanocellulose and chitosan nanoparticles, which have low cost and good environmental friendliness, excellent biodegradability, low VOC emissions during preparation, low energy consumption and low carbon emissions, which are in line with the concept of green manufacturing and sustainable development.

[0028] (2) The above-mentioned anti-icing coating adopts a layer structure design. The bottom superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating is composed of first SiO2 nanoparticles and fluorosilane. Through the synergistic effect of the nano-dispersion system and the "papillary" micro-nano rough structure, the superhydrophobic performance is achieved. The outer hydrophobic and oleophobic layer further enhances the hydrophobic and oleophobic performance and surface lubricity of the coating. At the same time, the double-layer structure forms a synergistic protection, so that the coating can maintain stable superhydrophobicity and super self-cleaning properties in outdoor environments such as high humidity, ultraviolet light, and humid heat for a long time. There is no rapid decay of hydrophobicity, water droplets are easy to roll off, and pollutants such as dust and sand are difficult to adhere to, resulting in a significant self-cleaning effect.

[0029] (3) The above-mentioned anti-icing coating significantly reduces the adhesion between ice and the coating surface through the synergistic effect of low surface energy and micro-nano rough structure, making it difficult for ice to form on the coating surface. Even if thin ice forms, it can fall off under the action of slight external forces such as natural wind and cable vibration, effectively inhibiting the accumulation of ice on the cable surface, reducing the problem of damage to overhead line towers caused by ice, and reducing the probability of ice disaster accidents. In addition, the addition of bio-based wax additives further improves the lubricity of the coating surface and further enhances the anti-icing effect.

[0030] The above-mentioned cables have the anti-icing coating described in any of the above examples or the anti-icing coating prepared by the preparation method described in any of the above examples, and therefore have the corresponding technical features and can obtain the corresponding beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing coating of this application.

[0032] In the diagram: 100, cable body; 110, superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating; 120, hydrophobic and oleophobic layer. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Please seeFigure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown, one embodiment of the anti-icing coating includes a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 stacked together.

[0039] The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 comprises first SiO2 nanoparticles and fluorosilane in a mass ratio of 1:(0.1~0.5). The hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 comprises second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, and a binder in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2~0.8):(0.1~0.5):(0.5~2.0).

[0040] The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is applied to the surface of the cable body 100, and the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 is applied to the side of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 away from the cable body 100.

[0041] Optionally, in the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110, at least one fluorosilane is included, for example, including but not limited to, heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FAS-17), tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (FAS-13), perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES), and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane. The siloxane groups in the aforementioned fluorosilane molecular structure can undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the first SiO2 nanoparticles, thereby modifying the surface of the first SiO2 nanoparticles. On the one hand, this surface modification can effectively reduce the surface energy of the coating, thereby forming a stable superhydrophobic structure. On the other hand, this surface modification can improve the coating's resistance to ultraviolet light and damp heat aging, properties that are superior to those of traditional silicone rubber organic materials.

[0042] In some examples, the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is 150°~165°, specifically, for example, 150°, 151°, 152°, 153°, 154°, 155°, 156°, 157°, 158°, 159°, 160°, 161°, 162°, 163°, 164°, 165°, etc. In some examples, the roll-off angle of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is 2°~5°, specifically, for example, 2°, 2.5°, 3°, 3.5°, 4°, 4.5°, 5°, etc.

[0043] In some examples, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 includes an adhesive comprising waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate. Waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate combines the excellent weather resistance and hydrophobicity of fluorocarbon resin with the good adhesion and film-forming properties of polyacrylate. The fluorocarbon segments in its molecular structure can reduce the surface energy of the coating, and the acrylate segments can form a strong bond with the substrate and other components inside the coating, thereby improving the adhesion and film quality of the coating. At the same time, waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate is an aqueous system with low volatile organic compound (VOC) content and no toxic or harmful gas emissions during the preparation process, making it highly environmentally friendly.

[0044] Optionally, the waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate may include, but is not limited to, at least one of FC-2080, Capstone™ ST-100, Acronal® LR8960, and UNIDYNE™ TG-5501.

[0045] In some of these examples, the second SiO2 nanoparticles are nano-SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash.

[0046] Rice husks, an agricultural waste generated during rice processing, have an annual output exceeding 100 million tons. The indiscriminate dumping or burning of large quantities of rice husks not only results in severe resource waste but also causes environmental problems such as dust and air pollution. Research has found that rice husk ash, produced after high-temperature combustion, is rich in highly active amorphous silica, with a content exceeding 80%. Furthermore, the second SiO2 nanoparticles extracted from rice husk ash possess advantages such as small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface activity, and good dispersibility, making them a high-quality green nanofiller. The second SiO2 nanoparticles extracted from rice husk ash have an amorphous structure and are rich in hydroxyl groups on their surface, exhibiting high surface activity. They can form a stable three-dimensional network structure with nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, and binders, enhancing the mechanical strength and adhesion of the coating. Simultaneously, the aforementioned anti-icing coating uses nano-SiO2 extracted from agricultural waste rice husk ash as the core functional filler, replacing traditional industrial nanomaterials, significantly reducing raw material procurement costs, and simultaneously achieving the resource utilization of rice husk ash, reducing pollution from agricultural waste.

[0047] In some of these examples, the particle size of the second SiO2 nanoparticles is 50–300 nm.

[0048] In some of these examples, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 contains nanocellulose with a diameter of 5-50 nm and an aspect ratio of 10-100.

[0049] In some of these examples, the chitosan nanoparticles in the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 have a particle size of 20-200 nm.

[0050] In some of these examples, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 also includes a bio-based wax additive, which has a mass fraction of 1% to 5% in the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120.

[0051] In the above example, by adding bio-based wax additives, the surface energy of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 can be further reduced, the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the coating can be improved, the surface lubricity of the coating can be improved, the adhesion between ice and the coating surface can be further reduced, and the anti-icing effect can be improved.

[0052] Optionally, bio-based waxes include, but are not limited to, at least one of palm wax and beeswax. Both palm wax and beeswax are natural bio-based materials, widely available, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and have excellent low surface energy properties and lubricity. They are compatible with other components in the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120, can be uniformly dispersed in the coating, and improve the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties and anti-icing properties of the coating.

[0053] In some of these examples, the thickness of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is 5 to 20 μm.

[0054] In some of these examples, the thickness of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 is 10–50 μm.

[0055] This application adopts a layered structure, with the bottom layer being a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 made of SiO2 nanoparticle dispersion and fluorosilane, and the outer layer being a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 made of environmentally friendly and low-cost materials, which greatly reduces the adhesion of ice and cables and improves the hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties of the surface.

[0056] The green anti-icing coating based on rice husk ash recycled resources provided in this application greatly reduces the occurrence of icing, thereby reducing damage to overhead transmission line towers and the need for emergency repairs due to ice disasters. It can also reduce the aging, cracking and flaking of cables caused by wind, sand and sun exposure. Moreover, its simple structure makes it more suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0057] Traditional anti-icing coatings mostly rely on petroleum-based fluorosilicone materials and industrially synthesized nanoparticles. Their production process is energy-intensive and has high carbon emissions. Rice husks, as agricultural waste, have an annual output of over 100 million tons. The rice husk ash after combustion is rich in highly active amorphous silica, which can be used as a source of green nanofillers. This invention recycles rice husk ash and combines it with natural polymers (such as chitosan and nanocellulose) to construct an environmentally friendly coating system throughout its entire life cycle, significantly reducing the carbon footprint of raw materials and aligning with the concepts of green manufacturing and sustainable development.

[0058] The above-mentioned anti-icing coating has the following beneficial effects:

[0059] (1) In the above anti-icing coating, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 uses natural polymer materials such as nanocellulose and chitosan nanoparticles, which have low cost and good environmental friendliness, excellent biodegradability, low VOC emissions during preparation, low energy consumption and low carbon emissions, which are in line with the concept of green manufacturing and sustainable development.

[0060] (2) The above-mentioned anti-icing coating adopts a layer structure design. The bottom superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is composed of first SiO2 nanoparticles and fluorosilane. Through the synergistic effect of the nano-dispersion system and the "papillary" micro-nano rough structure, it achieves superhydrophobic performance with a water contact angle of 150°~165° and a roll-off angle of 2°~5°. The outer hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 further enhances the hydrophobic and oleophobic performance and surface lubricity of the coating. At the same time, the double-layer structure forms a synergistic protection, so that the coating can maintain stable superhydrophobicity and super self-cleaning properties in outdoor environments such as high humidity, ultraviolet light, and humid heat for a long time. There is no rapid decay of hydrophobicity, water droplets roll off easily, and pollutants such as dust and sand are difficult to adhere to, resulting in a significant self-cleaning effect.

[0061] (3) The above-mentioned anti-icing coating significantly reduces the adhesion between ice and the coating surface through the synergistic effect of low surface energy and micro-nano rough structure, making it difficult for ice to form on the coating surface. Even if thin ice forms, it can fall off under the action of slight external forces such as natural wind and cable vibration, effectively inhibiting the accumulation of ice on the cable surface, reducing the problem of damage to overhead transmission line towers caused by flashover voltage due to icing, and reducing the probability of ice disaster accidents. In addition, the addition of bio-based wax additives further improves the lubricity of the coating surface and further enhances the anti-icing effect.

[0062] The second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing any of the above-mentioned anti-icing coatings, as follows:

[0063] A method for preparing an anti-icing coating includes the following steps:

[0064] Step S1: Add fluorosilane to the dispersion containing the first SiO2 nanoparticles, mix evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0065] Step S2: The mixture is applied to the substrate and cured to form a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110.

[0066] Step S3: Disperse the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, and chitosan nanoparticles in water, add a binder, and ball mill to disperse them to obtain a slurry.

[0067] Step S4: Apply the slurry to the surface of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and cure it to form a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120.

[0068] In some examples, in step S2, the curing conditions are baking at 80~150°C for 0.5~2h, or curing at room temperature for 12~24h.

[0069] In some of these examples, the ball milling dispersion time in step S3 is 2 to 4 hours.

[0070] In some examples, in step S4, the curing conditions are curing at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, or baking at 60 to 80°C for 2 to 4 hours.

[0071] A third aspect of this application provides a cable, the solution of which is as follows:

[0072] A cable includes a cable body 100 and an anti-icing coating of any of the above examples or an anti-icing coating prepared by any of the above examples, wherein a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is disposed on the cable body 100 and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 is disposed on the side of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 away from the cable body 100.

[0073] The cable body 100 can be any one of steel-cored aluminum stranded wire, aluminum-clad steel-cored aluminum stranded wire, or aluminum-clad steel stranded wire. The anti-icing coating of this application has excellent adhesion to various types of cable bodies 100, can adapt to various cable application scenarios, and effectively improves the anti-icing performance and weather resistance of the cable.

[0074] The following specific embodiments further illustrate this application. These specific embodiments are provided to better understand this application, but are not limited to them and do not constitute a limitation on the content or scope of protection of this application.

[0075] Example 1:

[0076] In this embodiment, an anti-icing coating is formed on the cable body 100. The anti-icing coating includes a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 stacked together.

[0077] The method for preparing the anti-icing coating includes the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Add fluorosilane (heptadecyltrimethoxysilane) to the dispersion containing the first SiO2 nanoparticles and mix evenly to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the first SiO2 nanoparticles to fluorosilane is 1:0.1.

[0079] Step 2: Apply the mixture to the cable body 100 and cure it at 120°C for 1 hour to form a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110. The thickness of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is 5 μm.

[0080] Step 3: Disperse the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, and chitosan nanoparticles in water, add the binder waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate, and mix thoroughly. Then add palm wax, ball mill and disperse for 2 hours to obtain a slurry. The second SiO2 nanoparticles are nano-SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash, and the mass ratio of the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate, and palm wax is 1:0.2:0.1:0.5:0.01.

[0081] Step 4: Apply the slurry to the surface of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and bake at 70°C for 3 hours to cure and form a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120. The thickness of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 is 10 μm.

[0082] Example 2:

[0083] In this embodiment, an anti-icing coating is formed on the cable body 100. The anti-icing coating includes a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 stacked together.

[0084] The method for preparing the anti-icing coating includes the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: Add fluorosilane (tridecylfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane) to the dispersion containing the first SiO2 nanoparticles and mix thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution. The mass ratio of the first SiO2 nanoparticles to the fluorosilane is 1:0.3.

[0086] Step 2: Apply the mixture to the cable body 100 and cure it at 120°C for 1 hour to form a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110. The thickness of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is 12 μm.

[0087] Step 3: Disperse the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, and chitosan nanoparticles in water, add the binder waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate, and mix thoroughly. Then add palm wax and ball mill for 3 hours to obtain a slurry. The second SiO2 nanoparticles are nano-SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash. The mass ratio of the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate, and palm wax is 1:0.5:0.3:1.2:0.03.

[0088] Step 4: Apply the slurry to the surface of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and bake at 70°C for 3 hours to cure and form a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120. The thickness of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 is 30 μm.

[0089] Example 3:

[0090] In this embodiment, an anti-icing coating is formed on the cable body 100. The anti-icing coating includes a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 stacked together.

[0091] The method for preparing the anti-icing coating includes the following steps:

[0092] Step 1: Add fluorosilane (perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane) to the dispersion containing the first SiO2 nanoparticles and mix thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution. The mass ratio of the first SiO2 nanoparticles to the fluorosilane is 1:0.5.

[0093] Step 2: Apply the mixture to the cable body 100 and cure it at 120°C for 1 hour to form a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110. The thickness of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 is 20 μm.

[0094] Step 3: Disperse the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, and chitosan nanoparticles in water, add the binder waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate, and mix thoroughly. Then add palm wax and ball mill for 4 hours to obtain a slurry. The second SiO2 nanoparticles are nano-SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash. The mass ratio of the second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, waterborne fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate, and palm wax is 1:0.8:0.5:2.0:0.05.

[0095] Step 4: Apply the slurry to the surface of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating 110 and bake at 70°C for 3 hours to cure and form a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120. The thickness of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 120 is 50 μm.

[0096] The performance of the above-mentioned anti-icing coating was tested, including water contact angle, roll-off angle, delayed freezing time (at -10℃), adhesion (cross-cut test), and abrasion resistance (contact angle retention rate after 50 Taber abrasion cycles). The performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0097] Table 1 Performance test results of anti-icing coating

[0098]

[0099] Adhesion rating description: 0 is the best, and 5 is the worst. Delayed freezing time refers to the time required for a water droplet to begin freezing in an environment of -10°C.

[0100] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0101] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An anti-icing coating, characterized in that: It includes a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) and a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120) stacked together. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) comprises first SiO2 nanoparticles and fluorosilane in a mass ratio of 1:(0.1~0.5); The hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120) comprises second SiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose, chitosan nanoparticles, and a binder in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2~0.8):(0.1~0.5):(0.5~2.0).

2. The anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluorosilane is selected from at least one of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane.

3. The anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) has a water contact angle of 150°~165° and a roll-off angle of 2°~5°.

4. The anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive comprises water-based fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate.

5. The anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120) further includes a bio-based wax additive, wherein the bio-based wax additive has a mass fraction of 1% to 5% in the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120).

6. The anti-icing coating according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bio-based wax is selected from at least one of palm wax and beeswax.

7. The anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second SiO2 nanoparticle is nano-SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash.

8. The anti-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) is 5~20μm; And / or, the thickness of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120) is 10~50μm.

9. The method for preparing the anti-icing coating according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Take the fluorosilane and add it to a dispersion containing the first SiO2 nanoparticles, mix, and obtain a mixed solution; 2) The mixture is coated onto the substrate and cured to form the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110). 3) Disperse the second SiO2 nanoparticles, the nanocellulose and the chitosan nanoparticles in water, add the binder, and ball mill to disperse them to obtain a slurry; 4) The slurry is applied to the surface of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) and cured to form the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120).

10. A cable, characterized in that, The cable body (100) includes an anti-icing coating as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 or an anti-icing coating prepared by the preparation method described in claim 9. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) is disposed on the cable body (100), and the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer (120) is disposed on the side of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating (110) away from the cable body (100).

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