High-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse

Abstract

This application provides a high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse, including a fuse housing and a conductor. A control circuit board is disposed in the fuse housing, and a self-triggered circuit including a current limiting unit is arranged in the control circuit board. A first wiring portion of the conductor extends outside the fuse housing, and a second wiring portion of the conductor extends outside the fuse housing. Each first movable chamber in the fuse housing is provided with at least one ignition device and at least one first impact member. The first controlled end of the at least one ignition device is connected to the output end of the current limiting unit, the input end of the current limiting unit is connected to the first end of the signal fuse, and the second controlled end of the ignition device is connected to the second end of the signal fuse. When the voltage signal collected between the first controlled end and the second controlled end is greater than a first preset threshold, the at least one ignition device is triggered to generate explosive gas to push the corresponding first impact member to impact the corresponding first weak point.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of emergency protection device technology, specifically relating to a high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, external triggering of activated fuses and smart fuses generally requires the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to collect data such as voltage and current in real time through sensors. However, sampling is not continuous but occurs at a certain frequency. Therefore, there is a delay between the occurrence of a fault and the ECU's first detection of the abnormal signal. This delay can be as long as one sampling cycle. For example, if the sampling frequency is once every 10ms, the delay could be as long as 10ms. In addition, to prevent false triggering due to instantaneous current fluctuations (such as surges during motor startup) and to ensure accurate judgment, the ECU does not immediately issue a cut-off command upon a single abnormal sampling. It usually needs to detect the abnormality multiple times or run its protection algorithm to determine the fault type and severity before generating a control command. This process is also relatively time-consuming, typically ranging from a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. Therefore, although activated fuses and smart fuses can achieve millisecond-level fast response times, which are far more sensitive than traditional fuses, when the time given by the external control signal is added, the overall time for their external triggering function is not significantly better than the fuse's protection time.

[0003] Furthermore, the external trigger signal for the fuse mainly originates from the vehicle's ECU when it detects an event that seriously threatens the safety of the vehicle and its occupants, including extreme situations such as a serious collision or a severe system malfunction detected by the ECU. In reality, these two trigger scenarios are low-probability events. Other common overcurrent scenarios, such as abnormal charging current, can generally be protected more quickly by internal triggering. To achieve external triggering in smart fuses, existing designs must consider high- and low-voltage isolation and complex arc-extinguishing fuse cutting structures, incurring significant product costs without providing substantial added value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse, which is intended to be adapted to scenarios that do not require external triggering.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a high-voltage self-triggering fuse, including a fuse housing and a conductor, wherein a control circuit board is disposed in the fuse housing, and a self-triggering circuit is arranged in the control circuit board; the self-triggering circuit includes a current limiting unit. The conductor is provided with a first wiring portion, at least one first disconnect weak portion, a signal fuse and a second wiring portion connected in sequence; the first wiring portion is provided at a first end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing, and the second wiring portion is provided at a second end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing. The fuse housing is provided with at least one first movable chamber, at least one first impact member, and at least one ignition device; each first movable chamber is provided with at least one ignition device and at least one first impact member; The first controlled terminal of the at least one ignition device is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting unit, the input terminal of the current limiting unit is connected to the first terminal of the signal fuse, and the second controlled terminal of the ignition device is connected to the second terminal of the signal fuse. When the voltage signal collected between the first controlled terminal and the second controlled terminal is greater than the first preset threshold, the at least one ignition device is triggered to generate explosive gas to push the corresponding first impact member to impact the corresponding first disconnected weak part.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the first movable chamber includes a first movable sub-chamber and a second movable sub-chamber; the first disconnect weak portion is disposed between the first movable sub-chamber and the second movable sub-chamber to separate the first movable sub-chamber and the second movable sub-chamber; the first impact member and the ignition device are disposed in the first movable sub-chamber; when the first impact member impacts the first disconnect weak portion and breaks the first disconnect weak portion, the first impact member enters the second movable sub-chamber along the first movable sub-chamber to extinguish the arc.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the fuse housing is provided with an arc-extinguishing chamber, the arc-extinguishing chamber is provided with an arc-extinguishing fusible element, and the arc-extinguishing chamber is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium that surrounds the arc-extinguishing fusible element; the two ends of the arc-extinguishing fusible element are respectively connected to the two ends of the at least one first weak disconnection portion.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the fuse housing is further provided with a signal chamber, the at least one first disconnect weak point is respectively housed in the at least one first movable chamber, and the signal fuse element is respectively disposed in the signal chamber.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, a first mounting chamber is provided in the fuse housing, a signal protection component is installed in the first mounting chamber, and the signal chamber is disposed in the signal protection component; the signal protection component is confined in the first mounting chamber by the cavity wall of the first mounting chamber, the control circuit board, and the conductor.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the arc-extinguishing chamber is in communication with the signal chamber, and the signal melt is disposed between the arc-extinguishing chamber and the signal chamber.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the fuse housing includes multiple layers of housings, which are arranged in an overlapping manner; each of the multiple housings is provided with a connecting portion for connecting with adjacent housings, and every two adjacent housings are connected and fixed to each other through the connecting portion.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the multi-layered housing includes a top housing, a bottom housing, and at least one intermediate housing; the top housing, at least one intermediate housing, and the bottom housing are sequentially overlapped; at least one sand filling hole communicating with the arc extinguishing chamber is provided on the intermediate housing connected to the bottom housing in the at least one intermediate housing, and the bottom housing covers the at least one sand filling hole.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, a positioning part is provided in the arc-extinguishing chamber, and a mating part is provided on the arc-extinguishing melt. The arc-extinguishing melt is engaged with the positioning part through the mating part to limit the arc-extinguishing melt on the positioning part.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible embodiment, the first impact member is provided with at least one first annular groove; a first sealing ring is provided in the first annular groove.

[0015] As can be seen, the high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse in this application includes a fuse housing and a conductor. A control circuit board is disposed within the fuse housing, and a self-triggered circuit is arranged within the control circuit board. The self-triggered circuit includes a current-limiting unit. The conductor is provided with a first wiring portion, at least one first disconnect weak point, a signal fuse element, and a second wiring portion connected in sequence. The first wiring portion is disposed at a first end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing, and the second wiring portion is disposed at a second end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing. The fuse housing is provided with at least one first movable chamber, to... The circuit eliminates one first impact element and at least one ignition device; each first active chamber is equipped with at least one ignition device and at least one first impact element; the first controlled terminal of the at least one ignition device is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting unit, the input terminal of the current limiting unit is connected to the first end of the signal fusible link, and the second controlled terminal of the ignition device is connected to the second end of the signal fusible link; when the voltage signal collected between the first controlled terminal and the second controlled terminal is greater than a first preset threshold, the at least one ignition device is triggered to generate explosive gas to push the corresponding first impact element to impact the corresponding first weak point of disconnection. In this way, the arc voltage generated when the signal fusible link melts is used as the trigger signal for the ignition device to disconnect the protected circuit, eliminating the need for an external triggering unit, allowing for targeted adaptation to scenarios where external triggering is not required, and reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of two sets of high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuses with fusing structures provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a set of high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuses with a fusing structure provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dual ignition device in a high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse with a set of fusing structures provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the first self-triggering circuit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6This is a circuit diagram of the second self-triggering circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, systems, products, or apparatuses.

[0020] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0021] Currently, in order to realize the function of external triggering of smart fuses, the existing smart fuse design needs to consider high and low voltage isolation issues and complex arc extinguishing fuse cutting structure design, which incurs a lot of product costs but does not result in significant value-added.

[0022] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a high-voltage self-triggering fuse. This high-voltage self-triggering fuse can be applied to scenarios involving self-triggering protection of the main circuit. The high-voltage self-triggering fuse of this application includes a fuse housing and a conductor. A control circuit board is disposed within the fuse housing, and a self-triggering circuit is arranged within the control circuit board. The self-triggering circuit includes a current-limiting unit. The conductor is provided with a first wiring portion, at least one first disconnect weak point, a signal fuse element, and a second wiring portion connected in sequence. The first wiring portion is disposed at a first end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing, and the second wiring portion is disposed at a second end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing. The fuse housing is provided with at least one first movable chamber and at least one... A first impact element and at least one ignition device are provided in each first movable chamber; each first movable chamber is provided with at least one ignition device and at least one first impact element; the first controlled terminal of the at least one ignition device is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting unit, the input terminal of the current limiting unit is connected to the first end of the signal fusible link, and the second controlled terminal of the ignition device is connected to the second end of the signal fusible link; when the voltage signal collected between the first controlled terminal and the second controlled terminal is greater than a first preset threshold, the at least one ignition device is triggered to generate explosive gas to push the corresponding first impact element to impact the corresponding first weak point of disconnection. In this way, the arc voltage generated when the signal fusible link melts is used as the trigger signal of the ignition device to realize the disconnection of the protected circuit, eliminating the external triggering unit, making targeted adaptations for scenarios that do not require external triggering, and reducing costs. This solution can be applied to a variety of scenarios, including but not limited to the application scenarios mentioned above.

[0023] The specific structure will be described in detail below.

[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 6This application also provides a high-voltage self-triggered fuse 10, including a fuse housing 100 and a conductor. A control circuit board 300 is disposed in the fuse housing 100, and a self-triggered circuit 310 is arranged in the control circuit board 300. The self-triggered circuit 310 includes a current-limiting unit 311. A first wiring portion 210, at least one first disconnect weak point 220, a signal fuse 230, and a second wiring portion 240 are sequentially connected on the conductor. The first wiring portion 210 is disposed at a first end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing 100, and the second wiring portion 240 is disposed at a second end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing 100. At least one first... The device comprises an active chamber, at least one first impact member 120, and at least one ignition device 130; each first active chamber is provided with at least one ignition device 130 and at least one first impact member 120; the first controlled end of the at least one ignition device 130 is connected to the output end of the current limiting unit 311, the input end of the current limiting unit 311 is connected to the first end of the signal melt 230, and the second controlled end of the ignition device 130 is connected to the second end of the signal melt 230; when the voltage signal collected between the first controlled end and the second controlled end is greater than a first preset threshold, the at least one ignition device 130 is triggered to generate explosive gas to push the corresponding first impact member 120 to impact the corresponding first disconnected weak part 220.

[0025] In specific implementation, the fuse housing 100 of the high-voltage self-triggered fuse is provided with a first movable chamber. The fuse housing 100 has a first opening and a second opening. The conductor is accommodated through the first opening and passes through the second opening, or it can pass through the second opening and pass through the second opening. The first disconnect weak part 220 provided on the conductor is accommodated in the first movable chamber, so that the first impact member 120 is located in the impact direction of the first impact member 120. When an abnormal current is generated in the main circuit, the signal fuse 230 is melted by the abnormal current, and a high voltage is generated at both ends of the signal fuse 230. The current limiting unit 311 collects the high voltage and transmits it to the ignition device 130. Since the high voltage is greater than the first preset threshold, the ignition device 130 is triggered, and the gunpowder in the ignition device 130 is detonated, generating high temperature and high pressure gas, which pushes the first impact member 120 to move rapidly along the first movable chamber, so that the first disconnect weak part 220 located in the impact direction is broken.

[0026] For details, please refer to Figure 5The control circuit board 300 is equipped with a self-triggering circuit 310, which is used to acquire the collected voltage signal from the signal fuse 230 and trigger the signal within the feedback. The self-triggering circuit 310 includes a current limiting unit 311, which includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4. The first terminals of the first resistor R1 and the first terminals of the second resistor R2 are both connected to the ignition device 130 (e.g., Figure 5 The first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 are two ignition devices 130, or they can be one ignition device 130 or multiple ignition devices 130 (not limited to a single ignition device 130 here). The first controlled terminal is connected, the second terminal of the first resistor R1 and the second terminal of the second resistor R2, the first terminal of the third resistor R3 and the first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 are connected, the second terminal of the third resistor R3 and the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 are both connected to the first terminal of the signal fuse 230, and the second controlled terminal of the ignition device 130 is connected to the second terminal of the signal fuse 230.

[0027] In the specific implementation, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor R4 are connected in parallel and then in series to form the current limiting circuit in the self-triggering circuit 310. Initially, because the voltage drop across the signal fuse 230 is very low, the resistance of the current limiting resistor (the total resistance of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor R4) is much greater than the resistance of the signal fuse 230. The current flowing through the ignition device 130 is generally in the microamp level, and the ignition device 130 is within a safe range. When an abnormal current flows through the signal fuse 230, causing the signal fuse 230 to melt, the voltage across the signal fuse 230 increases rapidly, and the current flowing through the first controlled terminal and the second controlled terminal of the ignition also gradually increases. When it exceeds the trigger current of both, the gunpowder inside the ignition device 130 will be detonated, generating high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which pushes the first impact member 120 to move rapidly along the first active chamber, causing the first weak part 220 set in the impact direction to be broken.

[0028] Optionally, the shell material is made of PPS+40%GF through injection molding to ensure that the product has sufficient mechanical strength and temperature resistance.

[0029] Optionally, the fuse housing 100 is provided with a constricted portion 180, and the ignition device 130 is clamped in the constricted portion 180. Specifically, the ignition device 130 is limited by the constricted portion 180 at the top of the fuse housing 100 and fixed in the constricted portion 180 after being sealed with sealant. The electrodes of the ignition device 130 extend beyond the constricted position to form an electrical connection with the corresponding self-triggering circuit 310. The ignition device 130 abuts against the first impact member 120, forming a sealed high-pressure chamber. This chamber serves as the initial release space for the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated after the gunpowder inside the ignition device 130 is triggered and detonated, thus preventing the high-temperature, high-pressure gas from directly impacting the top of the first impact member 120 and causing structural strength degradation. As can be seen, in this embodiment, under the action of an external abnormal current, the voltage across the signal fuse 230 triggers the ignition device 130 to generate high-pressure gas, which in turn pushes the first impact member 120 to break the first weak part 220, thus achieving the protection of the protected circuit.

[0030] Optionally, the conductor includes a first conductive bus 250 and a second conductive bus 260. A first disconnection weak point is provided on the first conductive bus 250. The first disconnection weak point 220 is formed by mechanically stamping a V-shaped groove at corresponding positions on the upper and lower sides of the conductor. A thin-film signal fuse 230 is connected in series between the first conductive bus 250 and the second conductive bus 260. The signal fuse 230 has a fusible neck. A voltage test point is taken on each side of the signal fuse 230 and connected to the corresponding position on the self-trigger circuit 310 in the control circuit board 300 and the current limiting unit 311 by a metal wire. When an abnormal external current passes through the signal fuse 230, the neck of the signal fuse 230 will melt in a very short time. The arc voltage generated after melting is connected to the two ends of the parallel ignition device 130 through the trigger control circuit on the control circuit board 300, which will cause the gunpowder inside the ignition device 130 to explode simultaneously. The high-pressure gas generated pushes the first impact member 120 to move downward along the first active chamber and simultaneously disconnects the first weak part 220 on the first conductive bus 250. At the same time, a corresponding break is formed on the first conductive bus 250, which accelerates the establishment of the insulation distance on the first conductive bus 250.

[0031] It is understood that the first active chamber, ignition device 130, first impact member 120, and first disconnect weak part 220 constitute a set of fusing structures. The number of each structure in each set of fusing structures is the same. The number of fusing structures in a high-voltage self-triggered fuse can be set to one or more sets, and there is no unique limitation here.

[0032] As can be seen, in this embodiment, by spatially separating the signal fuse 230 from the first disconnect weak part 220, the heat accumulation inside the fuse housing 100 is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the fuse.

[0033] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first movable chamber includes a first movable sub-chamber 111 and a second movable sub-chamber 112; the first disconnection weak portion 220 is disposed between the first movable sub-chamber 111 and the second movable sub-chamber 112 to separate the first movable sub-chamber 111 and the second movable sub-chamber 112; the first impact member 120 and the ignition device 130 are disposed in the first movable sub-chamber 111; when the first impact member 120 impacts the first disconnection weak portion 220 and breaks the first disconnection weak portion 220, the first impact member 120 enters the second movable sub-chamber 112 along the first movable sub-chamber 111 to extinguish the arc.

[0034] In a specific implementation, the first movable sub-chamber 111 on one side of the conductor is used to house the ignition device 130 and the first impact member 120. The second movable sub-chamber 112 on the other side of the conductor is normally empty. When the first impact member 120 moves downward along the inner wall of the first movable sub-chamber 111 and cuts the corresponding first disconnected weak part 220, it will continue to enter the second movable sub-chamber 112. The cut part that is broken off on the first conductive busbar 250 will also fall to the bottom of the second movable sub-chamber 112.

[0035] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the first movable chamber is divided into a first movable sub-chamber 111 and a second movable sub-chamber 112. The second movable sub-chamber 112 is used as a buffer space, so that after the first disconnect weak part 220 is broken, there is a distance and space to move and extinguish the arc, which improves the arc extinguishing capability of the high voltage self-triggering fuse.

[0036] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The fuse housing 100 is provided with an arc-extinguishing chamber 140, an arc-extinguishing fusible element 141 is provided in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140, and an arc-extinguishing medium is filled in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140 to encapsulate the arc-extinguishing fusible element 141; the two ends of the arc-extinguishing fusible element 141 are respectively connected to the two ends of the at least one first disconnect weak part 220.

[0037] In a specific implementation, the lower housing of the fuse housing 100 is a box-shaped structure with an upward opening. This box-shaped structure serves as the arc-extinguishing chamber 140, used to house the arc-extinguishing fusible element 141 and contain the arc-extinguishing medium. After the two ends of the arc-extinguishing fusible element 141 pass through the openings on both sides of the box-shaped structure, they are electrically connected to the two ends of at least one first disconnect weak point 220 at the bottom of the first conductive busbar 250 by resistance welding.

[0038] The arc-extinguishing medium tightly surrounds the arc-extinguishing melt 141. The resistance of the arc-extinguishing melt 141 is much greater than the resistance of the main conductive path, which is connected in series by the first conductive bus 250, the signal melt 230, and the second conductive bus 260. Therefore, the normal current will basically only flow through the upper main conductive path. When the first weak point 220 on the first conductive bus 250 is cut off, the current flowing through the first conductive bus 250 will be transferred to the arc-extinguishing melt 141. The fusible part on the arc-extinguishing melt 141 will melt and break under the current impact. The generated arc is extinguished with the help of the arc-extinguishing material filled in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140 inside the melt, thereby completing the safe disconnection of the protected circuit.

[0039] As can be seen, in this embodiment, by accommodating the arc-extinguishing melt 141 and the arc-extinguishing medium in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140, the arc-extinguishing capability of the high-voltage self-triggered fuse is improved.

[0040] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The fuse housing 100 is further provided with a signal chamber 171, and the at least one first disconnect weak part 220 is respectively housed in the at least one first movable chamber, and the signal fuse element 230 is respectively disposed in the signal chamber 171.

[0041] In a specific implementation, since the conductor passes through the fuse housing 100, the fuse housing 100 is divided into an upper housing and a lower housing, with the conductor as the boundary. The signal chamber 171 is disposed in the upper housing, forming a signal chamber 171 between the top of the fuse housing 100 and the conductor. When the signal fuse 230 is welded to the upper surfaces of the first conductive bar 250 and the second conductive bar 260, the signal fuse 230 is also simultaneously housed in the signal chamber 171. The signal chamber 171 includes a box-shaped cavity 172 (which can be a cuboid, cube, or other box shape) and an extended hollow column 173, in which the signal fuse 230 is housed.

[0042] Furthermore, a first mounting chamber 160 is provided in the fuse housing 100, and a signal protection component 170 is installed in the first mounting chamber 160. The signal chamber 171 is disposed in the signal protection component 170. The signal protection component 170 is confined in the first mounting chamber 160 by the cavity wall of the first mounting chamber 160, the control circuit board 300 and the conductor.

[0043] In a specific implementation, the first mounting chamber 160 is a penetrating cavity that passes through the upper housing. The first mounting chamber 160 includes a first end opening and a second end opening. The first end opening is an opening close to the conductor, and the second end opening is an opening close to the top of the fuse housing 100.

[0044] Optionally, by extending the hollow column 173, the signal chamber 171 can be pressed from the second end opening at the top of the fuse housing 100 into the first mounting chamber 160, until the box-shaped cavity 172 is pushed onto the first end opening and abuts against the conductor, thus accommodating the signal fuse 230 within the box-shaped cavity 172. The solder joint of the signal fuse 230 on the conductor covers the first end opening of the first mounting chamber 160, simultaneously covering the opening of the box-shaped cavity 172, and the control circuit board 300 covers the second end opening of the first mounting chamber 160, thereby sealing the first mounting chamber 160.

[0045] Optionally, the signal chamber 171 is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, which encapsulates the signal melt 230. A second annular groove 174 is provided on the outer wall of the opening of the box-shaped cavity 172 of the signal protection component 170. A second sealing ring is provided in the second annular groove 174, preventing the arc-extinguishing medium in the signal chamber 171 from leaking out of the signal chamber 171 from the first end opening.

[0046] Optionally, the outer wall of the extended hollow column 173 is provided with a third annular groove 175, and a third sealing ring is provided in the third annular groove 175. The third sealing ring can increase the friction between the signal protection component 170 and the first mounting chamber 160, and increase the interference fit between the extended hollow column 173 and the peripheral sidewalls to prevent the signal chamber 171 from shifting.

[0047] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The arc-extinguishing chamber 140 is connected to the signal chamber 171, and the signal melt 230 is disposed between the arc-extinguishing chamber 140 and the signal chamber 171.

[0048] In the specific implementation, the arc-extinguishing chamber 140 is connected to the signal chamber 171 and both are filled with arc-extinguishing medium, so that the conductive parts welded by the signal melt 230 are all wrapped by the arc-extinguishing medium. When the signal melt 230 melts, the arc can be extinguished by the arc-extinguishing medium to avoid arc leakage.

[0049] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The fuse housing 100 includes multiple housings, which are stacked sequentially. Each housing is provided with a connecting part 151 that connects to the adjacent housing, and each pair of adjacent housings are connected and fixed to each other through the connecting part 151.

[0050] In specific implementations, the fuse in this application embodiment can be an integral fuse housing 100, or it can be composed of multiple layers of housing. The multi-layer housing structure allows the fuse to be freely assembled and disassembled, or a damaged housing can be replaced by adding a new housing, or the number of housing layers can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to adjust the size of the fuse housing 100, thereby enabling the fuse to adapt to various circuit environments, such as rated current environments of tens of amps, hundreds of amps, one thousand amps, two thousand amps, or larger or smaller rated current environments.

[0051] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The multi-layer shell includes a top shell 152, a bottom shell 153, and at least one intermediate shell 154; the top shell 152, the at least one intermediate shell 154, and the bottom shell 153 are arranged in an overlapping manner; the intermediate shell 154 connected to the bottom shell 153 is provided with at least one sand filling hole 155 communicating with the arc extinguishing chamber 140, and the bottom shell 153 covers the at least one sand filling hole 155.

[0052] In practice, the quartz sand arc-extinguishing material in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140 and the signal chamber 171 is filled in synchronously through the sand filling hole 155. After filling, a cylindrical anti-sand plug 156 with the same shape as the sand filling hole 155 and an interference fit is pressed into the outside of the sand filling hole 155 to prevent the arc-extinguishing medium from flowing out of the arc-extinguishing chamber 140.

[0053] The upper shell includes a top shell 152 and a portion of the middle shell, while the lower shell includes a portion of the middle shell and a bottom shell 153. The upper and lower shells, including the middle shell, can be a complete shell or a part of a shell (i.e., a shell is distributed between the upper and lower shells). The bottom shell 153 is used to seal and protect the middle shell 154, preventing the sand-stopping plugs 156 on the surface of the sand-filling holes 155 in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140 from being detached due to the high pressure generated by the arc-extinguishing gas, which would ultimately cause the arc-extinguishing material inside to flow out or even cause the arc to break.

[0054] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The arc-extinguishing chamber 140 is provided with a positioning part 143, and the arc-extinguishing melt 141 is provided with a mating part. The arc-extinguishing melt 141 is combined with the positioning part 143 through the mating part to limit the arc-extinguishing melt 141 on the positioning part 143.

[0055] In a specific implementation, the middle part of the arc-extinguishing melt 141 is positioned and supported by one or more positioning parts 143 to prevent the arc-extinguishing melt 141 from shifting due to vibration in the arc-extinguishing chamber 140. Optionally, the positioning part 143 can be a positioning post, a positioning groove, or other positioning structure, and is not limited to a single type.

[0056] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first impact member 120 is provided with at least one first annular groove 121; a first sealing ring is provided in the first annular groove 121.

[0057] In a specific implementation, a first annular groove 121 is provided on the first impact member 120. The first annular groove 121 can be provided on the top side of the first impact member 120, or it can be provided in other positions without being limited to one specific position.

[0058] Each of the first annular grooves 121 is fitted with a first sealing ring, which may be a sealing rubber ring, to reduce or prevent leakage of high-pressure gas generated by the explosion of the ignition device 130 when the first impact member 120 moves in the first movable chamber. When two or more first sealing rings are provided on the first impact member 120, the first impact member 120 can be protected to move more smoothly downwards at high speed, and will not tilt or twist or other abnormal phenomena.

[0059] In one possible embodiment, please continue reading Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The number of first movable chambers, ignition devices 130, first impact members 120, and first disconnect weak points 220 in each set of fuse structures can be different. For example, the fuse housing 100 includes one first movable chamber, two ignition devices 130, one impact member 120, and two first disconnect weak points 220.

[0060] Two ignition devices 130, designated as the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132, are mounted on the top of the upper housing. These devices are connected to the trigger control circuit board 300 and form a parallel structure through the control circuit board 300. The first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 are designed as backup structures for each other, and a first impact member 120 is correspondingly mounted below them. The outer shells of the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 are limited by the constricted opening at the top of the upper housing and fixed to the constricted opening after being sealed with sealant. The electrodes of the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 extend beyond the constricted opening and then pass through the PCB board through-hole pads on the corresponding trigger control circuit board 300 to form an electrical connection with the trigger control circuit. The bottom of the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 is located at a distance from the top of the first impact member 120, forming a sealed high-pressure chamber. This chamber serves as the initial release space for the high-temperature gases generated after the gunpowder inside the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 is triggered and detonated, thus preventing the high-temperature gases from directly impacting the top of the first impact member 120 and causing structural strength degradation. The first impact member 120 has a first movable sub-chamber 111 in its upper housing. The upper part of the first impact member 120 is provided with two first annular grooves 121, each fitted with a first sealing ring. These grooves reduce or prevent leakage of high-pressure gases generated by the explosion of the first ignition device 131 or the second ignition device 132 when the first impact member 120 moves within the first movable chamber. Furthermore, the presence of two first sealing rings on the first impact member 120 ensures smoother downward movement and prevents tilting or twisting.

[0061] Please refer to the following in this embodiment: Figure 6The self-triggering circuit 310 includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a third diode D3. The first ends of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are connected to the first controlled terminal of the first ignition device 131. The second ends of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are both connected to the first ends of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2. The second ends of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected to the first terminal of the signal fuse 230. The second controlled terminal of the first ignition device 131 is connected to the second terminal of the signal fuse 230. The first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the first controlled terminal of the second ignition device 132. The second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the first end of the third diode D3. The second end of the third diode D3 is connected to the first terminal of the signal fuse 230. The second controlled terminal of the second ignition device 132 is connected to the second terminal of the signal fuse 230.

[0062] Among them, the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 serve as current-limiting resistors and a backup current-limiting circuit, while the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected in parallel as a backup voltage-controlled switch circuit. The fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 in the current limiting circuit are connected in series to the first controlled terminal of the first ignition device 131 and the first terminals of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 in the voltage-controlled switch circuit. The second terminal of the voltage-controlled switch circuit is connected to the first terminal of the signal fuse 230, and the other terminal of the first ignition device 131 is connected to the other terminal of the signal fuse 230. The resistance value of the seventh resistor R7 in the current limiting circuit is several times greater than the resistance value of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 connected in parallel. The first terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected in series to the first terminal of the second ignition device 132 and one terminal of the third diode D3 in the voltage-controlled switch circuit. The other terminal of the voltage-controlled switch circuit is connected to the first terminal of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 of the voltage-controlled switch circuit near the first terminal of the signal fuse 230. The second controlled terminal of the second ignition device 132 is connected to the terminal where the second controlled terminal of the first ignition device 131 is connected to the signal fuse 230, so that the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 form a parallel circuit.

[0063] Initially, the voltage drop across the signal fuse 230 is very low, and the first diode D1, the second diode D2, and the third diode D3 are all in the off state. Therefore, under normal conditions, the first ignition device 131 and the second ignition device 132 are disconnected from the signal fuse 230, and no current flows through the trigger control circuit. When an abnormal current flows through the signal fuse 230, the voltage across the signal fuse 230 first exceeds the conduction voltage of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 in the voltage-controlled switch circuit. The self-triggering circuit 310, composed of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the first ignition device 131, is connected to the signal fuse 230, and the trigger signal detonates the first ignition device 131. Because the resistance of the seventh resistor R7 is greater than the resistance of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 connected in parallel, when there is an abnormality in the circuit composed of the first ignition device 131, such as an open circuit at one end of the first ignition device 131, the self-triggering circuit 310 composed of the third diode D3, the seventh resistor R7 and the second ignition device 132 will be connected to the signal fuse 230, thereby ensuring that the miniaturized self-triggering excitation fuse of the present invention has higher reliability.

[0064] While this application discloses the above information, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of variations or substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and can make various alterations and modifications, including combinations of the different functions and implementation steps described above, as well as software and hardware implementation methods, all of which are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse, characterized in that, It includes a fuse housing and a conductor, wherein a control circuit board is disposed in the fuse housing, and a self-triggering circuit is arranged in the control circuit board; the self-triggering circuit includes a current limiting unit. The conductor is provided with a first wiring portion, at least one first disconnect weak portion, a signal fuse and a second wiring portion connected in sequence; the first wiring portion is provided at a first end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing, and the second wiring portion is provided at a second end of the conductor and extends beyond the fuse housing. The fuse housing is provided with at least one first movable chamber, at least one first impact member, and at least one ignition device; each first movable chamber is provided with at least one ignition device and at least one first impact member; The first controlled terminal of the at least one ignition device is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting unit, the input terminal of the current limiting unit is connected to the first terminal of the signal fuse, and the second controlled terminal of the ignition device is connected to the second terminal of the signal fuse. When the voltage signal collected between the first controlled terminal and the second controlled terminal is greater than the first preset threshold, the at least one ignition device is triggered to generate explosive gas to push the corresponding first impact member to impact the corresponding first disconnected weak part.

2. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first movable chamber includes a first movable sub-chamber and a second movable sub-chamber; the first disconnect weak portion is disposed between the first movable sub-chamber and the second movable sub-chamber to separate the first movable sub-chamber and the second movable sub-chamber; the first impact member and the ignition device are disposed in the first movable sub-chamber; When the first impactor impacts the first weak part and breaks it, the first impactor enters the second active sub-chamber along the first active sub-chamber to extinguish the arc.

3. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuse housing is provided with an arc-extinguishing chamber, the arc-extinguishing chamber is provided with an arc-extinguishing fusible element, and the arc-extinguishing chamber is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium that surrounds the arc-extinguishing fusible element; the two ends of the arc-extinguishing fusible element are respectively connected to the two ends of the at least one first weak point of disconnection.

4. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fuse housing is further provided with a signal chamber, and the at least one first disconnect weak part is respectively housed in the at least one first movable chamber, and the signal fuse element is respectively disposed in the signal chamber.

5. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fuse housing has a first mounting chamber, and a signal protection component is installed in the first mounting chamber. The signal chamber is disposed in the signal protection component. The signal protection component is confined within the first mounting chamber by the chamber wall, the control circuit board, and the conductor.

6. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The arc-extinguishing chamber is connected to the signal chamber, and the signal melt is disposed between the arc-extinguishing chamber and the signal chamber.

7. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fuse housing comprises multiple layers of housings, which are stacked sequentially. Each of the multiple housings is provided with a connecting portion that connects to the adjacent housing, and each pair of adjacent housings is fixed together by the connecting portion.

8. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-layered shell includes a top shell, a bottom shell, and at least one intermediate shell; the top shell, at least one intermediate shell, and the bottom shell are arranged in an overlapping manner. The intermediate shell connected to the bottom shell in the at least one intermediate shell is provided with at least one sand filling hole that communicates with the arc extinguishing chamber, and the bottom shell covers the at least one sand filling hole.

9. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, The arc-extinguishing chamber is provided with a positioning part, and the arc-extinguishing melt is provided with a mating part. The arc-extinguishing melt is combined with the positioning part through the mating part to limit the arc-extinguishing melt on the positioning part.

10. The high-voltage self-triggered excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first impact member is provided with at least one first annular groove; a first sealing ring is provided in the first annular groove.

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