A multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for thermal runaway early warning of industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet technology, specifically a multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning. It includes an energy storage cabinet body, at least one set of battery cluster units deployed inside the cabinet body, and an energy storage converter unit electrically connected to the battery cluster units. Its key feature is that it also includes a multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, a hierarchical linkage protection unit, a full-link interlocking control unit, and an edge computing control unit. The four-level sensing module of this invention collects core characteristic parameters corresponding to the incubation period, latency period, development period, and outbreak period of thermal runaway. In particular, by collecting cell-level DC internal resistance and tab temperature, it can capture early characteristics more than 30 minutes before thermal runaway occurs, significantly advancing the early warning time compared to existing conventional solutions. Simultaneously, through multi-source data cross-verification, it effectively eliminates abnormal interference data, fundamentally solving the problems of delayed early warning and high false alarm / missed alarm rates in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet technology, specifically a multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning. Background Technology

[0002] Commercial energy storage cabinets are integrated energy storage devices designed for industrial and commercial settings such as factories, industrial parks, shopping malls, and office buildings. They typically use lithium iron phosphate batteries as their core, integrating battery clusters, BMS, PCS, temperature control, fire protection, and power distribution modules. Their main function is peak shaving and valley filling to reduce electricity costs, while also providing backup power and participating in demand response, thus improving power reliability and economy. Featuring comprehensive safety protection, rapid deployment, and intelligent management, they are currently the mainstream equipment for energy conservation, emission reduction, and ensuring stable power supply in industrial and commercial settings.

[0003] With the advancement of dual-carbon goals, new energy power generation and industrial and commercial energy storage systems are being applied on a large scale. Lithium-ion batteries, with their advantages of high energy density and long cycle life, have become the core energy storage unit for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets. However, lithium-ion batteries are prone to thermal runaway under abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging, overheating, and internal short circuits, accompanied by severe heat generation, gas generation, and the risk of combustion and explosion. Since industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets are mostly deployed in densely populated areas such as industrial parks, factories, and commercial buildings, a thermal runaway accident would cause significant property damage and casualties. Safety protection has become a core necessity for the industrial and commercial energy storage industry.

[0004] Existing safety protection solutions for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets have the following core defects in practical applications: The fragmented sensing system leads to severely delayed early warnings and a high false alarm rate. Existing solutions mostly collect basic parameters such as cell surface temperature, cluster total voltage, and charging / discharging current in a scattered manner, without establishing a full-dimensional sensing system that matches the thermal runaway evolution cycle. This makes it impossible to capture early characteristics such as changes in internal resistance and electrode temperature rise during the incubation period of thermal runaway. Often, by the time combustible gas or smoke signals are triggered, the cell thermal runaway has already entered an irreversible stage, missing the best intervention opportunity. At the same time, existing solutions mostly trigger early warnings based on single parameter thresholds, without achieving cross-verification of multi-source data. This makes them susceptible to sensor failures and environmental interference, resulting in prominent false alarms and missed alarms.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning, comprising an energy storage cabinet body, at least one set of battery cluster units arranged inside the energy storage cabinet body, an energy storage converter unit electrically connected to the battery cluster units, and further comprising: A multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit is used to collect multi-dimensional sensing data covering the entire evolution cycle of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries; The graded linkage protection unit is used to perform different levels of thermal runaway protection actions; The end-to-end interlocking control unit is used to perform interlocking control across devices and systems. The edge computing control unit is electrically connected to the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, hierarchical linkage protection unit, and full-link interlocking control unit, respectively. It has a built-in thermal runaway evolution stage model, which is used to identify the thermal runaway risk level based on the collected sensing data and output control commands of the corresponding level.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit includes a cell-level sensing module, a cluster-level sensing module, a cabinet-level environmental sensing module, and a cluster-level linkage sensing module; the acquisition and output terminals of the cell-level sensing module, the cluster-level sensing module, the cabinet-level environmental sensing module, and the cluster-level linkage sensing module are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit.

[0009] Preferably, the hierarchical linkage protection unit includes a pre-intervention module, a primary fire suppression module, a total flood protection module, and an electrical-physical isolation module; the control terminals of the pre-intervention module, the primary fire suppression module, the total flood protection module, and the electrical-physical isolation module are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit.

[0010] Preferably, the end-to-end interlocking control unit includes a local hardwired interlocking circuit and a redundant communication interlocking branch; the trigger end of the local hardwired interlocking circuit is hardwired to the emergency output port of the edge computing control unit, and the execution end is hardwired to the emergency shutdown port of the electrical and physical isolation module and the energy storage converter unit; the redundant communication interlocking branch is communicatively connected to the edge computing control unit.

[0011] Preferably, the thermal runaway evolution stage model is based on the full-cycle evolution law of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, and pre-divides the thermal runaway risk into four progressive levels. It also pre-establishes a one-to-one mapping rule between the four risk levels and the collection parameters of the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, the execution actions of the hierarchical linkage protection unit, and the interlocking path of the full-link interlocking control unit. The thermal runaway evolution stage model incorporates a multi-parameter fuzzy logic judgment algorithm.

[0012] Preferably, the pre-intervention module includes a cell-level cooling branch connected to the cell heat dissipation structure and an inert gas replacement mechanism connected to the sealed chamber of the energy storage cabinet; the initial control fire suppression module is arranged one-to-one with the battery cluster unit, and the nozzle of each initial control fire suppression module faces the cell arrangement area of ​​the corresponding battery cluster; the total flooding protection module is arranged in the fire compartment of the energy storage cabinet; the electrical and physical isolation module includes a DC circuit breaker connected in series between each battery cluster and the energy storage converter unit, and an AC circuit breaker connected in series between the energy storage converter unit and the grid connection point.

[0013] Preferably, the instructions of the local hard-wired interlocking circuit have a higher priority than the software control instructions of the edge computing control unit; when the highest level of thermal runaway risk is identified, the edge computing control unit sends a propagation warning signal and interlocking control instructions to all adjacent energy storage cabinets in the same cluster through redundant communication interlocking branches, and simultaneously activates the fire protection plan of the corresponding area through the station's fire protection system.

[0014] Preferably, the edge computing control unit also has a built-in data fusion verification module and a closed-loop feedback control module; the data fusion verification module is used to perform consistency cross-verification on the multi-source data collected by the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, and dynamically update the early warning benchmark threshold based on the historical operating data of the entire battery cell life cycle; the closed-loop feedback control module is used to collect the changes in the sensing data after the protective action is executed in real time, verify the handling effect, and dynamically adjust the control command.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a redundant emergency protection unit, which includes an emergency backup power supply independent of the main power supply and DC bus of the energy storage cabinet, and a manual emergency control mechanism; the emergency backup power supply is electrically connected to the core sensors of the edge computing control unit, the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, and the core actuators of the hierarchical linkage protection unit; the manual emergency control mechanism is located on the external operation panel of the energy storage cabinet door, and is hardwired to the start valves of the DC circuit breaker, AC circuit breaker, and total flooding protection module, and is equipped with an electrical and mechanical dual interlock mechanism with the automatic control circuit.

[0016] Preferably, a multi-dimensional safety protection method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning is implemented based on the multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and includes the following steps: S1. Collect multi-dimensional sensing data covering the entire evolution cycle of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries; S2. Preprocess the collected sensing data; S3. Identify the current thermal runaway risk level based on the thermal runaway evolution stage model; S4. Execute corresponding level of protective actions and interlocking controls based on the identified risk level; S5. Verify the effectiveness of protection and response measures and make dynamic adjustments, while simultaneously reporting all process data to the remote operation and maintenance platform.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The present invention discloses a multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for commercial and industrial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning. By constructing a multi-dimensional perception system deeply bound to the entire evolution cycle of thermal runaway, it achieves ultra-early warning and low false alarm rate. The four-level perception module of the present invention collects core characteristic parameters corresponding to the incubation period, latent period, development period and outbreak period of thermal runaway. In particular, by collecting the DC internal resistance of the cell and the electrode temperature, it can capture early characteristics more than 30 minutes before thermal runaway occurs. Compared with the existing conventional solutions, the warning time is significantly advanced. At the same time, through cross-verification of multi-source data, abnormal interference data is effectively eliminated. Experimental verification shows that the false alarm rate can be reduced by more than 90%, solving the problems of delayed warning and high false alarm and missed alarm rates of existing technologies from the source.

[0018] 2. The multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for commercial and industrial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning, as described in this invention, achieves progressive closed-loop protection by establishing a precise linkage mechanism between early warning levels and protective actions, balancing safety and economy. This invention pre-establishes a one-to-one mapping rule between four risk levels and protective actions. For the incubation period, it adopts non-destructive precise temperature control intervention, which can block the development of thermal runaway without affecting the normal operation of the energy storage system. For the latent period, it adopts inerting and explosion suppression + local directional fire extinguishing to avoid asset loss caused by accidental triggering of the entire cabinet fire. For the irreversible runaway and spread stage, it adopts emergency isolation + total flooding fire extinguishing + cluster interlocking to completely curb the expansion of the accident. It achieves the core goal of "early intervention, accurate handling, and minimal loss", and solves the pain points of passive, over-handling, or insufficient handling in existing technologies.

[0019] 3. The multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning, as described in this invention, balances reliability and flexibility by designing a dual-redundant interlocking control system adapted to different risk levels. This invention differentiates interlocking control paths for different risk levels. For low and medium risks, communication interlocking is used for flexible control, while for high risks, hard-wired interlocking achieves millisecond-level emergency disconnection. Hard-wired commands have higher priority than software control, completely avoiding the risk of interlocking failure due to software faults or communication interruptions. Simultaneously, redundant communication interlocking branches achieve cluster-level cross-cabinet interlocking, upgrading single-cabinet protection to cluster-level full-domain prevention and control, effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway across cabinets and significantly improving the overall safety level of the energy storage station. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1This is a diagram showing the overall system architecture and data flow in this invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the thermal runaway risk classification and identification process in this invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the hierarchical linkage protection execution process in this invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the closed-loop control process in this invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the dual-redundant interlocking control process in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a multi-dimensional safety protection system and method for thermal runaway early warning of industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets includes an energy storage cabinet body, at least one set of battery cluster units arranged inside the energy storage cabinet body, and an energy storage converter unit electrically connected to the battery cluster units. The system is characterized by further including a multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, a hierarchical linkage protection unit, a full-link interlocking control unit, and an edge computing control unit. The aforementioned multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit includes a cell-level sensing module, a cluster-level sensing module, a cabinet-level environmental sensing module, and a cluster-level linkage sensing module. The acquisition and output terminals of these modules are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit. The cell-level sensing module is deployed on the surface of each cell and at the positive and negative tabs to collect real-time terminal voltage, DC internal resistance, cell surface temperature, and positive and negative tab temperatures. These collected parameters cover the early characteristics of the incubation period of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway. The cluster-level sensing module is deployed at the total positive and negative terminals and the air inlet and outlet ducts within each battery cluster to collect the total voltage of the battery cluster. The above-mentioned parameters include charging and discharging current, and temperature and humidity of air entering and exiting the cluster; these parameters cover the cluster-level diffusion characteristics during the thermal runaway incubation period; the above-mentioned cabinet-level environmental sensing modules are deployed in the internal chambers, fire compartments, and cabinet door seals of the energy storage cabinet, and are used to collect data on the concentration of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, VOCs, and hydrogen fluoride inside the cabinet, the ambient temperature and humidity inside the cabinet, smoke concentration, micro-pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabinet, and the opening and closing status of the cabinet door; these parameters cover the runaway characteristics during the thermal runaway development period; the above-mentioned cluster-level linkage sensing module includes grid parameter acquisition components and local communication interfaces, and is used to collect grid parameters at the grid connection point, risk level and protection action status data of adjacent energy storage cabinets; these parameters cover the spread risk characteristics during the thermal runaway outbreak period. The aforementioned tiered linkage protection unit includes a pre-intervention module, a primary fire suppression module, a total flood protection module, and an electrical-physical isolation module. The control terminals of these modules are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit. The pre-intervention module includes a cell-level liquid cooling branch corresponding to the heat dissipation structure of each battery cell and an inert gas replacement mechanism connected to the sealed chamber of the energy storage cabinet, used for non-destructive intervention during the thermal runaway incubation period and inerting and explosion suppression during the latency period. The initial fire suppression modules are deployed one-to-one with the battery cluster units. The nozzles of each initial fire suppression module are directed toward the cell arrangement area of ​​the corresponding battery cluster, for localized directional fire suppression during the latent period of thermal runaway. The aforementioned total flooding protection modules are deployed inside the fire compartment of the energy storage cabinet, for full-space fire suppression and explosion suppression during the development period of thermal runaway. The aforementioned electrical and physical isolation modules include a DC circuit breaker connected in series between each battery cluster and the energy storage converter unit, and an AC circuit breaker connected in series between the energy storage converter unit and the grid connection point, for electrical safety isolation of all risk levels. The aforementioned end-to-end interlocking control unit includes a local hardwired interlocking circuit and a redundant communication interlocking branch. The trigger end of the local hardwired interlocking circuit is hardwired to the emergency output port of the edge computing control unit, and the execution end is hardwired to the emergency shutdown port of the DC circuit breaker, AC circuit breaker, and energy storage converter unit, for millisecond-level emergency interlocking control under high-risk conditions. The aforementioned redundant communication interlocking branch is communicatively connected to the edge computing control unit for low-to-medium-risk equipment linkage control, cluster-level cross-cabinet interlocking control, and remote operation and maintenance data interaction. The aforementioned edge computing control unit incorporates a thermal runaway evolution stage model, a data fusion verification module, and a closed-loop feedback control module. The thermal runaway evolution stage model, based on the full-cycle evolution law of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway, pre-classifies thermal runaway risks into four progressive levels: incubation period (early warning level), latent period (initial control level), development period (runaway level), and outbreak period (spread level). It also pre-establishes a one-to-one mapping rule between these four risk levels and the acquisition parameters of the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, the execution actions of the hierarchical linkage protection unit, and the interlocking paths of the full-link interlocking control unit. The edge computing control unit receives all the sensing data collected by the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit. After data preprocessing through the data fusion verification module, it inputs the data into the thermal runaway evolution stage model to identify the current risk level. Based on the pre-defined mapping rules, it outputs matching hierarchical control commands. Simultaneously, the closed-loop feedback control module collects real-time changes in sensing data after the execution of protective actions, verifies the handling effect, and dynamically adjusts the control commands, achieving closed-loop management of the entire thermal runaway cycle through sensing, identification, handling, and feedback.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the above thermal runaway evolution stage model incorporates a multi-parameter fuzzy logic decision-making algorithm. The execution logic of the above multi-parameter fuzzy logic decision-making algorithm is as follows: For each risk level, pre-set corresponding multi-parameter judgment rules, parameter weights, and membership functions. Among them, the DC internal resistance and electrode temperature parameters at the cell level account for no less than 60% of the judgment weight in the incubation period warning level, the multi-component gas concentration parameters account for no less than 50% of the judgment weight in the latent period initial control level, and the temperature, smoke, and micro-pressure difference parameters account for no less than 70% of the judgment weight in the development period runaway level and the outbreak period spread level. The preprocessed valid perception data is fuzzified, the membership degree of each parameter corresponding to different risk levels is calculated, multi-parameter fusion calculation is completed based on preset weights, and the risk level corresponding to the maximum membership degree is output as the final recognition result.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the core judgment rules for the four risk levels of the above thermal runaway evolution stage model are as follows: Pre-production warning level: The following conditions must be met to determine the level: the surface temperature of a single cell is ≥45℃ and the temperature rise rate within 10 minutes is ≥2℃ / min; the DC internal resistance of the cell increases by ≥20% relative to the factory reference value; the temperature of the positive and negative tabs of the cell is more than 10℃ higher than the average tab temperature of other cells in the same cluster. Initial control level during the incubation period: The following conditions must be met to determine the level: the temperature of the single cell tab is ≥80℃ or the surface temperature of the cell is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥3℃ / min; the cell terminal voltage drops by ≥100mV within 1 minute and there is no sudden change in charging or discharging conditions; the hydrogen concentration in the cabinet is ≥50ppm or the carbon monoxide concentration is ≥20ppm and continues to rise. Development stage runaway level: It is determined when any of the following conditions are met: the surface temperature of a single cell is ≥120℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥5℃ / min; the concentration of two or more gases in the cabinet exceeds the corresponding secondary threshold and triggers the smoke alarm; the voltage at the cell terminal drops suddenly to below 50% of the rated voltage; Outbreak-proliferation level: It is determined when any of the following conditions are met: the ambient temperature inside the cabinet is ≥150℃ and there is a chain of temperature rises in 3 adjacent cells with a temperature rise rate ≥10℃ / min; the cabinet micro-pressure difference rises ≥500Pa within 30s and is accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature and gas concentration; the temperature inside the cabinet continues to rise after the total flooding protection module is activated.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the above-mentioned cell-level liquid cooling branch includes an independent heat exchange channel for each cell, a miniature solenoid valve and a flow sensor located at the inlet of each heat exchange channel, and the miniature solenoid valve and flow sensor are electrically connected to the edge computing control unit. When a pre-warning level risk is detected during the incubation period, the edge computing control unit outputs a temperature control adjustment command to the miniature solenoid valve in the heat exchange channel corresponding to the abnormal battery cell. By adjusting the valve opening, the coolant flow rate is increased, and precise temperature control is performed on the abnormal battery cell. At the same time, the closed-loop feedback control module collects the temperature changes of the abnormal battery cell in real time and dynamically adjusts the valve opening until the battery cell temperature returns to the normal threshold range.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the aforementioned inert gas replacement mechanism includes a nitrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, an electric flow regulating valve, an internal gas distribution pipeline, and an internal oxygen content sensor. The pressure reducing valve, the electric flow regulating valve, and the oxygen content sensor are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit. When a latent initial control level risk is identified, the edge computing control unit outputs a command to the electric flow regulating valve to fill the sealed chamber of the energy storage cabinet with nitrogen. The oxygen content sensor provides real-time feedback on the oxygen concentration inside the cabinet, stabilizing the oxygen content within the cabinet within the range of 8%-12%vol. Simultaneously, a command is output to the initial control fire suppression module corresponding to the abnormal battery cluster, activating the directional spray mechanism to spray aerosol fire suppression medium into the abnormal area, performing localized directional fire suppression.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the instructions of the aforementioned local hardwired interlocking circuit have a higher priority than the software control instructions of the edge computing control unit; When a risk of outbreak spread is identified, the edge computing control unit sends a spread warning signal and interlocking control command to all adjacent energy storage cabinets in the same cluster through redundant communication interlocking branches, triggering adjacent energy storage cabinets to perform emergency shutdown and electrical isolation actions, and simultaneously linking the fire protection system in the station to activate the fire protection plan of the corresponding area, and pushing the highest level alarm information and real-time on-site data to the remote operation and maintenance platform and the local fire emergency unit. When risks of runaway level during development or spread level during outbreak are identified, the edge computing control unit outputs an emergency disconnection command through the local hard-wired interlocking circuit, controls the DC circuit breaker and AC circuit breaker to complete the disconnection within 10ms, and synchronously triggers the emergency shutdown of the energy storage converter unit, unaffected by software communication failures or abnormal program operation. When risks at the early warning level during the incubation period or the initial control level during the latent period are identified, the edge computing control unit sends power limiting and shutdown commands to the energy storage converter unit through redundant communication interlocking branches to execute linkage control for non-emergency operating conditions.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the data fusion verification module is used to perform consistency cross-verification on the multi-source data of the same area collected by the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit. When the deviation between the data of a single sensor and the data of other sensors of the same type in the same area exceeds the preset deviation threshold, it is determined to be abnormal interference data and is removed. The preset deviation thresholds include temperature deviation ≥5℃, voltage deviation ≥50mV, and gas concentration deviation ≥30% of full scale. The aforementioned data fusion and verification module is also used to update the temperature and internal resistance warning benchmark thresholds monthly based on the historical operating data of the entire battery cell life cycle for different cycle numbers, and the single threshold adjustment range does not exceed ±20% of the initial benchmark threshold, and synchronize the updated benchmark thresholds to the thermal runaway evolution stage model.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it also includes a redundant emergency support unit, which includes a lithium iron phosphate emergency backup power supply and a manual emergency control mechanism. The aforementioned emergency backup power supply is independent of the main power supply and DC bus of the energy storage cabinet. It is electrically connected to the core sensors of the edge computing control unit, the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, and the core actuators of the hierarchical linkage protection unit, and is used to provide continuous power supply for no less than 72 hours when the main power supply fails. The aforementioned manual emergency control mechanism is located on the external operating panel of the energy storage cabinet door. It is hardwired to the start valves of the DC circuit breaker, AC circuit breaker, and total flooding protection module, and is equipped with an electrical and mechanical dual interlock mechanism with the automatic control circuit to perform manual emergency operations when the automatic control fails.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a multi-dimensional safety protection method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning is characterized by being implemented based on any one of the above-mentioned multi-dimensional safety protection systems for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning, including the following steps: S1. Full-dimensional synchronous data acquisition: Through the cell-level sensing module, cluster-level sensing module, cabinet-level environmental sensing module, and cluster-level linkage sensing module of the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, the full amount of sensing data covering the entire evolution cycle of thermal runaway is synchronously collected at a preset frequency, and the collected data is transmitted to the edge computing control unit in real time. S2. Multi-source data fusion preprocessing: The edge computing control unit performs consistency cross-verification on all sensing data through the data fusion verification module, removes abnormal interference data, and dynamically updates the warning threshold based on the full life cycle data of the battery cell to obtain effective sensing data. S3. Thermal runaway risk classification and identification: The effective sensing data is input into the built-in thermal runaway evolution stage model. Through the multi-parameter fuzzy logic judgment algorithm, the preset multi-parameter judgment rules are matched to identify the current thermal runaway risk level of the energy storage cabinet. The above risk levels include four progressive levels: incubation period warning level, latent period initial control level, development period runaway level, and outbreak period propagation level. S4. Hierarchical linkage protection and interlocking control: Based on the pre-established mapping rules of risk level, protection action, and interlocking path, output control commands that are precisely matched with the identified risk level, drive the hierarchical linkage protection unit to perform corresponding level intervention, fire extinguishing, and isolation operations, and at the same time match the corresponding full-link interlocking control path according to the risk level to perform interlocking control across devices and systems. S5. Closed-loop verification and dynamic adjustment of handling effect: Real-time collection of perceived data changes after the execution of protective actions to verify the handling effect. If abnormal parameters continue to deteriorate and the risk level is upgraded, higher-level protection and interlocking actions will be automatically triggered. If the risk is eliminated, the protective actions will be gradually withdrawn and normal operation and control will be restored. At the same time, the risk information and action execution data of the whole process will be reported to the remote operation and maintenance platform to complete the closed-loop management of the whole process.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the specific execution rules for hierarchical linkage protection and interlocking control in S4 above are as follows: When the condition is identified as being in the incubation period warning level, a power limiting command is sent to the energy storage converter unit through the redundant communication interlocking branch to limit the charging and discharging power to within 30% of the rated power; at the same time, a command is output to the cell-level liquid cooling branch to perform precise temperature control for abnormal cells, dynamically adjust the heat exchange power through closed-loop feedback, and push the first-level warning information to the remote operation and maintenance platform. When the system is identified as being in the latent initial control stage, a shutdown command is sent to the energy storage converter unit through the redundant communication interlocking branch to stop the charging and discharging operation; simultaneously, the inert gas replacement mechanism is activated to perform nitrogen inerting in the cabinet, the initial control fire extinguishing module corresponding to the abnormal battery cluster is activated to perform local directional fire extinguishing, and secondary alarm information is pushed to the remote operation and maintenance platform; When identified as being in the development stage of runaway, an emergency disconnection command is output first through the local hard-wired interlocking circuit, disconnecting the DC circuit breaker and AC circuit breaker in milliseconds, triggering the emergency shutdown of the energy storage converter, and completing the full-link electrical isolation; at the same time, the total flooding protection module is started to perform full-space fire extinguishing and explosion suppression, and pushes the level 3 emergency alarm information to the station fire protection system and remote operation and maintenance platform; When the outbreak is identified as spreading, the emergency disconnection of this cabinet is completed through the local hard-wired interlocking circuit. At the same time, the interlocking shutdown command is sent to the adjacent energy storage cabinets in the same cluster through the redundant communication interlocking branch, triggering cluster-level emergency isolation. The station's fire protection system is activated to start the emergency plan, and the highest level alarm information is pushed to the remote operation and maintenance platform and the local fire emergency unit.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning, comprising an energy storage cabinet body, at least one set of battery cluster units disposed inside the energy storage cabinet body, and an energy storage converter unit electrically connected to the battery cluster units, characterized in that, Also includes: A multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit is used to collect multi-dimensional sensing data covering the entire evolution cycle of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries; The graded linkage protection unit is used to perform different levels of thermal runaway protection actions; The end-to-end interlocking control unit is used to perform interlocking control across devices and systems. The edge computing control unit is electrically connected to the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, hierarchical linkage protection unit, and full-link interlocking control unit, respectively. It has a built-in thermal runaway evolution stage model, which is used to identify the thermal runaway risk level based on the collected sensing data and output control commands of the corresponding level.

2. The multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit includes a cell-level sensing module, a cluster-level sensing module, a cabinet-level environmental sensing module, and a cluster-level linkage sensing module; the acquisition and output terminals of the cell-level sensing module, the cluster-level sensing module, the cabinet-level environmental sensing module, and the cluster-level linkage sensing module are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit.

3. The multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The hierarchical linkage protection unit includes a pre-intervention module, a primary fire suppression module, a total flood protection module, and an electrical-physical isolation module; the control terminals of the pre-intervention module, the primary fire suppression module, the total flood protection module, and the electrical-physical isolation module are all electrically connected to the edge computing control unit.

4. The multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The full-link interlocking control unit includes a local hard-wired interlocking circuit and a redundant communication interlocking branch; the trigger end of the local hard-wired interlocking circuit is hard-wired connected to the emergency output port of the edge computing control unit, and the execution end is hard-wired connected to the emergency shutdown port of the electrical and physical isolation module and the energy storage converter unit; the redundant communication interlocking branch is communicatively connected to the edge computing control unit.

5. A multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal runaway evolution stage model is based on the full-cycle evolution law of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. It pre-divides the thermal runaway risk into four progressive levels and pre-establishes a one-to-one mapping rule between the four risk levels and the collection parameters of the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, the execution actions of the hierarchical linkage protection unit, and the interlocking path of the full-link interlocking control unit. The thermal runaway evolution stage model incorporates a multi-parameter fuzzy logic judgment algorithm.

6. A multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The pre-intervention module includes a cell-level cooling branch connected to the cell heat dissipation structure and an inert gas replacement mechanism connected to the sealed chamber of the energy storage cabinet; the initial control fire extinguishing module is arranged one-to-one with the battery cluster unit, and the nozzle of each initial control fire extinguishing module faces the cell arrangement area of ​​the corresponding battery cluster; the total flooding protection module is arranged in the fire compartment of the energy storage cabinet; the electrical and physical isolation module includes a DC circuit breaker connected in series between each battery cluster and the energy storage converter unit, and an AC circuit breaker connected in series between the energy storage converter unit and the grid connection point.

7. A multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The instructions of the local hard-wired interlocking circuit have a higher priority than the software control instructions of the edge computing control unit. When the highest level of thermal runaway risk is identified, the edge computing control unit sends a spread warning signal and interlocking control instructions to all adjacent energy storage cabinets in the same cluster through redundant communication interlocking branches, and simultaneously activates the fire protection plan of the corresponding area through the station's fire protection system.

8. A multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The edge computing control unit also has a built-in data fusion verification module and a closed-loop feedback control module; the data fusion verification module is used to perform consistency cross-verification on the multi-source data collected by the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, and dynamically update the early warning benchmark threshold based on the historical operating data of the entire life cycle of the battery cell. The closed-loop feedback control module is used to collect real-time changes in sensing data after the protective action is executed, verify the effectiveness of the action, and dynamically adjust the control commands.

9. The multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a redundant emergency protection unit, which includes an emergency backup power supply independent of the main power supply and DC bus of the energy storage cabinet, and a manual emergency control mechanism; the emergency backup power supply is electrically connected to the core sensors of the edge computing control unit, the multi-dimensional hierarchical early warning unit, and the core actuators of the hierarchical linkage protection unit; the manual emergency control mechanism is located on the external operation panel of the energy storage cabinet door, and is hardwired to the start valves of the DC circuit breaker, AC circuit breaker, and total flooding protection module, and is equipped with an electrical and mechanical dual interlock mechanism with the automatic control circuit.

10. A multi-dimensional safety protection method for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets with thermal runaway early warning, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional safety protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets based on thermal runaway early warning as described in any one of claims 1-9 is implemented by the following steps: S1. Collect multi-dimensional sensing data covering the entire evolution cycle of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries; S2. Preprocess the collected sensing data; S3. Identify the current thermal runaway risk level based on the thermal runaway evolution stage model; S4. Execute corresponding level of protective actions and interlocking controls based on the identified risk level; S5. Verify the effectiveness of protection and response measures and make dynamic adjustments, while simultaneously reporting all process data to the remote operation and maintenance platform.

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