An automotive auxiliary power system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass

Abstract

This invention discloses an automotive auxiliary power system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass, comprising a photovoltaic glass module integrated into the vehicle's light-transmitting components, a power regulation and energy management module, an energy storage unit, and a monitoring and control unit. The photovoltaic module converts light energy into direct current, which, after processing by the power regulation module, can be stored in the energy storage unit or used to power auxiliary loads in the vehicle. This module integrates an MPPT circuit, a DC-DC converter, a BMS, and an MCU to achieve efficient energy management and scheduling. The energy storage unit adopts a hybrid structure of supercapacitors and batteries in parallel, combining continuous power supply with transient response capabilities, solving the problems of low efficiency and insufficient emergency power supply in traditional solutions under low light conditions. This invention uses cadmium telluride photovoltaic materials that are highly efficient in low light conditions, achieving integrated integration with the vehicle body; through the intelligent power regulation and energy management module, combined with the hybrid energy storage structure of supercapacitors and batteries, it achieves energy regulation, automatic emergency switching, and dynamic power balance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive energy management and on-board power technology, specifically relating to an automotive auxiliary power system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, vehicle range and power management have become core bottlenecks. Currently, new energy vehicles mainly rely on the main drive battery pack as their primary power source. However, in situations such as long-term inactivity, low-temperature environments, or emergency situations, the main battery's charge may be insufficient to maintain the normal operation of low-voltage systems (such as door lock control, window operation, alarms, and communication). Traditional auxiliary power supplies often use independent batteries, but these are prone to energy redundancy and complex maintenance. Traditional automotive solar panels mostly use silicon-based photovoltaic materials, which lack thickness and flexibility, have low light transmittance, and are difficult to integrate with the overall vehicle design, making it difficult to balance power generation efficiency and vehicle aesthetics. Furthermore, silicon-based materials have a limited spectral response range, resulting in a significant decrease in power generation efficiency in low-light environments. In addition, traditional photovoltaic systems exhibit large output fluctuations and limited adaptability to the vehicle's power grid. Therefore, developing a photovoltaic glass auxiliary power supply system that is compatible with multiple vehicle models and combines light transmittance with high-efficiency power generation is of great significance.

[0003] Cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic glass, as a novel thin-film photovoltaic material, possesses customizable transmittance, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and wide-band response characteristics. Its integrated application in automotive glass components (including sunroofs, side windows, and rear windshields) can achieve an integrated energy harvesting structure with the vehicle body, providing a sustainable and low-maintenance auxiliary energy solution. However, how to effectively integrate it into the automotive structure to form an independent second power system remains a problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automotive auxiliary power system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass, which solves the problem of lack of independent auxiliary power when the main battery fails in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution: an automotive auxiliary power system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass, comprising: a photovoltaic glass module, a power regulation and energy management module, an energy storage unit, and a monitoring and control unit; The photovoltaic glass module, integrated into the light-transmitting component of the vehicle body, is used to convert incident light energy into DC power, and is a cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic material. The power regulation and energy management module has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic glass module, and is used to receive and process DC power. Its output terminal is electrically connected to the energy storage unit and the vehicle auxiliary bus. The energy storage unit is used to store electrical energy processed by the power regulation and energy management module, and to supply power to the vehicle load under controlled conditions. The monitoring and control unit is connected to the photovoltaic glass module, the power regulation and energy management module and the energy storage unit respectively, and is used to collect the voltage, current, temperature and light intensity data of the system, and realize real-time monitoring and energy management based on the collected data.

[0006] Furthermore, the photovoltaic glass module includes a light-transmitting component, an EVA layer disposed on the light-transmitting component, and glass disposed on the EVA layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the photovoltaic glass module also includes a photovoltaic encapsulant film disposed on the glass, and a sealant disposed at the edges.

[0008] Furthermore, the photovoltaic glass module is fixed to the vehicle body by structural adhesive and conductive fasteners, and is connected to the power regulation and energy management module by a waterproof and highly conductive connector.

[0009] Furthermore, the power regulation and energy management module includes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, a DC-DC converter, a BMS management unit, and an MCU control unit; The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit is used to track the maximum power output point of the cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass module in real time, thereby maximizing the light energy conversion efficiency. The DC-DC converter is used to perform voltage conversion and regulation on the electrical energy output from the MPPT circuit to match the voltage requirements of the vehicle auxiliary power bus and energy storage unit. The BMS management unit is used to manage and protect the charging and discharging status, health status, and balancing of the energy storage unit. The MCU control unit is used to communicate with the vehicle via the CAN bus and coordinate the control of each unit in the module according to the preset algorithm, performing power distribution, mode switching and fault protection.

[0010] Furthermore, when the vehicle's main battery voltage is detected to be lower than a set threshold, the MCU control unit automatically switches the control system to an emergency mode where the energy storage unit supplies power to the vehicle's loads.

[0011] Furthermore, the power regulation and energy management module also includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit, which is connected between the energy storage unit and the vehicle's main battery to realize bidirectional energy transfer between the energy storage unit and the vehicle's main battery.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy storage unit includes a supercapacitor and a battery cell with a parallel hybrid topology. The battery cell is used for continuous energy supply, and the supercapacitor is used for transient current response. A current limiting circuit is provided between the two.

[0013] By employing the above-described technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are as follows: 1) In this invention, cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic material is used, which has a wide spectrum response characteristics and can maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency even in low light environment, thus solving the problem of the significant decrease in power generation efficiency of traditional silicon-based materials in low light environment; 2) In this invention, by integrating the photovoltaic glass module onto the light-transmitting component of the vehicle body, an integrated design with the vehicle body is achieved, which maintains the aesthetics of the vehicle body and makes full use of the vehicle body surface area for energy harvesting. 3) In this invention, intelligent control of photovoltaic power generation output is achieved through the power regulation and energy management module, including functions such as maximum power point tracking, voltage conversion and stabilization, and charge and discharge management, ensuring stable operation of the system under various operating conditions; 4) In this invention, a hybrid energy storage unit structure is adopted. Through the coordinated work of supercapacitors and battery units, the continuous energy supply demand is met, and the transient current demand can be responded to quickly. The dynamic balance between energy density and power density is achieved through the current limiting circuit. 5) This invention has an emergency power supply function. When the main battery voltage is detected to be lower than a set threshold, the system automatically switches to an emergency mode powered by the energy storage unit to provide continuous power supply for the vehicle's critical systems. 6) In this invention, communication with the vehicle control system via the CAN bus enables real-time monitoring of system status and optimization of energy scheduling, thereby improving the system's intelligence level. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a system structure block diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic glass module structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the power regulation and energy management module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the emergency power supply switching process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0016] Conversely, this invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Furthermore, to provide a better understanding of the invention, certain specific details are described in detail below. However, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these detailed descriptions.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, an automotive auxiliary power system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass includes a cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass module 1, a power regulation and energy management module 2, an energy storage unit 3, and a power output interface 4.

[0018] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic glass module 1 includes a light-transmitting component 101, an EVA layer 102, glass 103, a photovoltaic film 104, a sealant 105, a waterproof connector 106, and a lead-wire groove 107. The glass 103 is the outermost layer, with a thickness of 3-5 mm; the photovoltaic film 104 is disposed inside the glass 103, with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm; the EVA layer 102 is disposed inside the photovoltaic film 104, with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm; the light-transmitting component 101 is the innermost layer and is bonded to the EVA layer 102. The sealant 105 is disposed between the edge of the glass 103 and the vehicle frame, forming a waterproof seal. The photovoltaic glass module is fixed to the vehicle body by structural adhesive and conductive fasteners (such as conductive metal clips or conductive strips), and connected to the power regulation and energy management module by a waterproof, high-conductivity connector. The lead-wire groove 107 has a U-shaped groove structure for concealing and fixing the output cables.

[0019] like Figure 3 As shown, the power regulation and energy management module 2 includes a photovoltaic DC power supply 201, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit 202, a DC-DC converter 203, a stable DC power supply 204, a BMS management unit 205, a CAN bus 207, an MCU control unit 208, drive signals 209, and an on-board auxiliary power bus 210.

[0020] The photovoltaic DC power supply 201 has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic glass module, and its output terminal connected to the input terminal of the MPPT circuit 202. The output terminal of the MPPT circuit 202 is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 203. The output terminal of the DC-DC converter 203 is connected to the input terminal of the stable DC power supply 204. The output terminal of the stable DC power supply 204 is connected to the vehicle auxiliary power bus 210. The MCU control unit 208 controls the operating status of the MPPT circuit 202 and the DC-DC converter 203 through the drive signal 209, interacts with the BMS management unit 205 through the management command / controlled power supply 206, and communicates with the vehicle control system through the CAN bus 207.

[0021] The energy storage unit 3 includes a supercapacitor 301 and a battery unit 302, with the battery unit 302 using a small lithium battery. The supercapacitor 301 and battery unit 302 are connected in parallel, with their positive terminals connected and their negative terminals connected, and a current-limiting circuit connected in series between them. The current-limiting circuit (such as a 12V MOSFET feedback current-limiting circuit) is used to limit transient current surges and protect the battery unit. The output of the energy storage unit is connected to the vehicle auxiliary bus via a power output interface 4. The BMS management unit 205 is connected to the energy storage unit via a voltage sampling line and a temperature sensor to monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery unit 302 in real time.

[0022] The monitoring and control unit includes signal acquisition circuits, sensors, and control circuits. It receives signals from the CAN bus and the battery management system (BMS). The CAN bus signals include vehicle power demand, main power system load, auxiliary power supply capacity, operating temperature, interactive information, and control commands. The battery management system signals include the current SOC status of the main power system, drive and control signals, etc. It provides drive and control commands to the auxiliary power supply system to guide the operation and adjustment of the auxiliary power system, as well as the adjustment and interaction between the main power and auxiliary power systems.

[0023] The signal acquisition circuit includes a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, and a temperature sampling circuit, which respectively acquire the output voltage, output current, and module temperature of the photovoltaic glass module, as well as the battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature of the energy storage unit.

[0024] The sensors include a light sensor and a temperature sensor. The light sensor is mounted on the surface of the photovoltaic glass module to monitor the light intensity in real time. The temperature sensor is attached to the surface of the photovoltaic glass module and the cell to monitor temperature changes.

[0025] The control circuit receives control signals from the MCU control unit and drives the execution units such as the MPPT circuit, DC-DC converter, and current limiting circuit to work.

[0026] When the system is in operation, and the vehicle is in a sunny environment, the cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass integrated in the roof, sunroof, side windows, or rear windshield converts light energy into direct current (DC) electricity through the photoelectric effect of incident light in the CdTe thin film layer. This electricity first enters the power regulation and energy management module, where it achieves optimized energy output through a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm (such as the perturbation-observation method) and a voltage regulation control circuit, and then undergoes voltage matching through a DC-DC converter unit.

[0027] The regulated electrical energy enters the energy storage unit according to the vehicle's current state. The battery unit provides continuous power, while the supercapacitor handles transient current response. Both are coordinated by a current limiting module to balance the dynamic demands of energy density and power density.

[0028] The system employs an intelligent power scheduling algorithm. The core logic of this algorithm is as follows: first, it captures the full-dimensional operating status through multi-input state sensing; then, it defines priority rules based on business needs; finally, it dynamically allocates power based on the sensed data and the established rules; and finally, it continuously iterates and adjusts the allocation strategy through closed-loop feedback optimization, forming a dynamic control closed loop throughout the entire process. Power allocation is dynamically adjusted according to solar irradiance, vehicle operating status, and battery SOC (state of charge) to improve overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, when the system detects that the main battery is low, the vehicle has been stationary for too long, or there is an abnormal power outage, the MCU control unit automatically executes the emergency power supply switching process: detect the fault, disconnect the main battery, close the emergency power supply, and continuously supply power to critical systems (such as ECU, security and communication).

[0030] For 48V models, the bidirectional DC-DC converter allows photovoltaic energy to recharge the main battery in low-power mode, and supports reverse energy replenishment from the main battery to the energy storage unit in high-power output mode, achieving energy sharing and optimization. The vehicle control system reads voltage, current, and temperature data from each node via the CAN bus to achieve fault detection and energy scheduling optimization.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic glass modules, power regulation and energy management modules, energy storage units, and monitoring and control units; The photovoltaic glass module, integrated into the light-transmitting component of the vehicle body, is used to convert incident light energy into DC power, and is a cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic material. The power regulation and energy management module has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic glass module, and is used to receive and process DC power. Its output terminal is electrically connected to the energy storage unit and the vehicle auxiliary bus. The energy storage unit is used to store electrical energy processed by the power regulation and energy management module, and to supply power to the vehicle load under controlled conditions. The monitoring and control unit is connected to the photovoltaic glass module, the power regulation and energy management module and the energy storage unit respectively, and is used to collect the voltage, current, temperature and light intensity data of the system, and realize real-time monitoring and energy management based on the collected data.

2. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass module includes a light-transmitting component, an EVA layer disposed on the light-transmitting component, and glass disposed on the EVA layer.

3. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, Photovoltaic glass modules also include a photovoltaic encapsulant film disposed on the glass and a sealant disposed on the edges.

4. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass module is fixed to the vehicle body by structural adhesive and conductive fasteners, and is connected to the power regulation and energy management module by a waterproof and highly conductive connector.

5. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power regulation and energy management module includes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, a DC-DC converter, a BMS management unit, and an MCU control unit. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit is used to track the maximum power output point of the cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass module in real time, thereby maximizing the light energy conversion efficiency. The DC-DC converter is used to perform voltage conversion and regulation on the electrical energy output from the MPPT circuit to match the voltage requirements of the vehicle auxiliary power bus and energy storage unit. The BMS management unit is used to manage and protect the charging and discharging status, health status, and balancing of the energy storage unit. The MCU control unit is used to communicate with the vehicle via the CAN bus and coordinate the control of each unit in the module according to the preset algorithm, performing power distribution, mode switching and fault protection.

6. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the vehicle's main battery voltage is detected to be lower than a set threshold, the MCU control unit automatically switches the control system to an emergency mode where the energy storage unit supplies power to the vehicle's loads.

7. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power regulation and energy management module also includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit, which is connected between the energy storage unit and the vehicle's main battery to realize bidirectional energy transfer between the energy storage unit and the vehicle's main battery.

8. The automotive auxiliary power supply system based on cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit includes a supercapacitor and a battery cell with a parallel hybrid topology. The battery cell is used for continuous energy supply, and the supercapacitor is used for transient current response. A current limiting circuit is provided between the two.

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