A directivity toroidal transducer based on a spline curve
By adjusting the inner wall thickness of the annular transducer through spline curve design, the problem of the axial opening angle limitation of the annular transducer on the aircraft body was solved, the acoustic performance of the top or radial large opening angle was improved, and higher acoustic isolation and avoidance of acoustic self-excitation were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KUNMING SHIP EQUIPMENT RESEARCH & TESTING CENTER (CHINA SHIPBUILDING CORP 750 TEST SITE)
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN122138105A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of transducer technology, and more specifically to a directional circular transducer based on spline curves. Background Technology
[0002] The ring transducer is a commonly used mid-to-low frequency sound source in the field of underwater acoustic transducers. Due to its rotating structure, this transducer has good compatibility with the vessel. Ring transducers are generally divided into interlocking tangentially polarized ring transducers or radially polarized ring transducers.
[0003] A modular tangentially polarized ring transducer is made by gluing together identical piezoelectric ceramic sector strips (or rectangular strips) into a ring. The polarization direction of each sector strip is along the tangential direction (i.e., the circumferential direction) of the ring.
[0004] Radial polarization ring transducers use a single piece of ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic material, with the polarization direction along the radial direction of the ring (from the center outwards or from the outside outwards to the center).
[0005] When circular transducers are used in aircraft, in order to optimize and improve their acoustic emission performance, methods such as increasing the height of the circular transducer are often adopted. However, the axial opening angle of this type of transducer is often limited by the height of the circular transducer. Generally speaking, the greater the height, the smaller the axial opening angle. Furthermore, reducing the length of the circular transducer will directly lead to a reduction in the volume of the circular transducer, thereby reducing the power capacity of the sound source. Both of these factors are detrimental to the engineering application of circular transducers in aircraft. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The vertical directivity design of sound sources on a ship is expected to meet either a large top opening angle (with the height direction of the geometric center as the reference point) or a large radial opening angle (with the radial direction of the geometric center as the reference point). Therefore, this invention provides a directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves to meet the requirements of large top opening angle or large radial opening angle of the circular ring transducer. Combining the sound radiation theory of circular ring transducers and the spline curve design method, a directional circular ring transducer design based on spline curves is formed, which further improves the engineering application of circular ring transducers.
[0007] The radial vibration displacement expression of the interlocking tangentially polarized annular transducer under driving voltage V. for:
[0008] (1);
[0009] In the formula Where is the electromechanical conversion coefficient, h is the ring height, n is the number of rectangular strips inlaid in the ring, t is the ring thickness, and a is the equivalent radius. For the compliance coefficient of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric strain constant of piezoelectric ceramics For the equivalent resonant mass underwater, Let m be the radiation resistance, and m be the equivalent mass of the cylinder. For mechanical resistance, This is the compliance parameter for a cylinder.
[0010] Radial vibration displacement expression of a radially polarized circular ring transducer for:
[0011] (2);
[0012] In the formula For the density of the ring, Angular frequency, denoted as 2-directional strain, and 'a' as the equivalent radius.
[0013] Transducer directivity function The definition is:
[0014] (3);
[0015] In the formula: , All are the angles between the direction of investigation and the polar axis; The sound pressure level at the reference point; The sound pressure level at each observation point.
[0016] Combining equations (1)-(3), it can be seen that the radial vibration displacement of the interlocking tangentially polarized ring transducer or the radially polarized ring transducer is inversely proportional to the equivalent radius of the ring. Therefore, this invention uses spline curve design for the inner diameter of the ring transducer to form a design scheme in which the equivalent radius decreases or increases as needed, and combines the requirements of large top opening angle or large radial opening angle to complete the design of a directional ring transducer. Specifically:
[0017] A directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves, comprising:
[0018] The transducer body has an inner wall that is a spline curve shape that varies along the height direction, used to raise or lower the top of the annular transducer or the radial vertical directional opening angle.
[0019] Furthermore, the transducer body is:
[0020] The shape of a spline curve whose cross-sectional wall thickness increases along the height direction.
[0021] Furthermore, the transducer body is:
[0022] The shape of a spline curve whose cross-sectional wall thickness decreases along the height direction.
[0023] Furthermore, the transducer body is:
[0024] A spline curve shape that starts at the midpoint of the height direction and increases in wall thickness towards both ends of the cross section.
[0025] Furthermore, the transducer body is:
[0026] The shape of a spline curve that starts at the midpoint of the height direction and decreases in wall thickness towards both ends.
[0027] Furthermore, spline curves include cubic spline curves, non-uniform rational B-spline curves (NURBS), and Bézier curves.
[0028] Furthermore, the spline curve is a cubic spline curve, given n+1 data points. At that time, each curve segment In the interval The above expression is:
[0029] ;
[0030] In the formula: i = 0, 1, ..., n-1, and satisfies the interpolation condition and the boundary condition;
[0031] Interpolation conditions include: continuity at the nodes ( ), continuous first derivative ( ) and second derivative continuity ( );
[0032] The boundary condition is that the second derivatives at both ends are 0.
[0033] The present invention adopts a spline curve shape for the inner wall of the annular transducer, which can meet the requirements of large / small opening angle at the top or large opening angle in the radial direction.
[0034] The design concept of the large-angle ring transducer at the top is: using the sound pressure level at a reference point in the height direction. Starting from this point, the sound pressure on both sides... Depending on the angle The downward trend slows down, thereby increasing the top opening angle of the annular transducer. Therefore, the wall thickness of the annular transducer section is designed as a spline curve that decreases along the height direction, thus increasing the top opening angle. Conversely, for annular transducers with a small top opening angle, the wall thickness of the annular transducer section is designed as a spline curve that decreases along the height direction. This allows for the formation of a directional beam, thereby improving the acoustic isolation of this type of transducer when applied to aircraft.
[0035] The design concept of a radially large-angle annular transducer is: using the sound pressure at a reference point in the radial direction at half the height. Starting from this point, the sound pressure on both sides... Both sides of the radial direction of half height The decreasing angle trend slows down, thereby increasing the radial opening angle of the annular transducer. Therefore, the wall thickness of the annular transducer section is designed as a spline curve that decreases from the midpoint to both ends in the height direction, thereby increasing the opening angle at the top of the annular transducer.
[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0037] (1) The present invention achieves control over the equivalent radius of the annular transducer, thereby increasing or decreasing the top or radial vertical directional opening angle of the annular transducer.
[0038] (2) The control of the opening angle of the top or radial vertical direction of the ring transducer is realized, which can improve the opening angle of the top or radial vertical direction of the ring transducer; in the form of small opening angle, the top or radial vertical direction of the ring transducer can be concentrated, thereby improving the acoustic isolation of the ring transducer on the aircraft body and avoiding the acoustic self-excitation phenomenon. Attached Figure Description
[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional interlocking tangentially polarized annular transducer.
[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vertical top opening angle of a conventional interlocking tangentially polarized annular transducer;
[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical radial opening angle of a conventional interlocking tangentially polarized annular transducer.
[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the annular transducer with a large opening angle at the top in Example 1;
[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spline curve section of the annular transducer with a large opening angle at the top in Example 1;
[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the annular transducer with a small opening angle at the top in Example 2;
[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spline curve section of the annular transducer with a small opening angle at the top in Example 2;
[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the radially large opening angle annular transducer in Example 3;
[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the spline curve section of the annular transducer with a large radial opening angle in Example 3;
[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular transducer with a small radial opening angle in Example 4;
[0049] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the spline curve cross-section of the annular transducer with a small radial opening angle in Example 4. Detailed Implementation
[0050] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.
[0051] Conventional modular tangentially polarized ring transducer structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, it is made by gluing together several identical rectangular piezoelectric ceramic strips. The excitation electric field is applied radially along the ring. A schematic diagram of its vertical top opening angle and vertical radial opening angle is shown below. Figure 2-3 As shown.
[0052] Example 1
[0053] This embodiment discloses a directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves. It employs a modular tangentially polarized circular ring transducer structure. The cross-sectional wall thickness of each piezoelectric ceramic strip is designed as a spline curve that decreases along the height direction, and the strips are finally assembled to form a structure as shown in the figure. Figure 4 The cross-section shown is the large-angle ring transducer at the top of the spline curve, and its schematic diagram is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.
[0054] Using the finite element simulation method, the vertical tip directional opening angles of the conventional interlocking tangentially polarized ring transducer and the large opening angle ring transducer with a spline curve cross-section in this embodiment were analyzed and compared at -3dB and -6dB. The simulation results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the vertical tip directional opening angles of the transducer at -3dB and -6dB are improved.
[0055]
[0056] Table 1
[0057] Example 2
[0058] This embodiment discloses a directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves. It employs a modular tangentially polarized circular ring transducer structure. The cross-sectional wall thickness of each piezoelectric ceramic strip is designed as a spline curve that increases along the height direction, and the strips are finally assembled to form a structure as shown in the figure. Figure 6 The cross-section shown is the small-open-angle ring transducer at the top of the spline curve, and its schematic diagram of the spline curve cross-section is as follows. Figure 7 As shown.
[0059] Using the finite element simulation method, the vertical tip directional opening angles of the conventional interlocking tangentially polarized ring transducer and the small opening angle ring transducer with a spline curve cross-section in this embodiment were analyzed and compared at -3dB and -6dB. The simulation results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the vertical tip directional opening angles of the transducer at -3dB and -6dB are reduced.
[0060]
[0061] Table 2
[0062] Example 3
[0063] This embodiment discloses a directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves. It employs a modular tangentially polarized circular ring transducer structure. The cross-sectional wall thickness of each piezoelectric ceramic strip is designed as a spline curve shape, decreasing towards both sides from the midpoint of the height direction. Finally, the strips are assembled to form a structure as shown in the image. Figure 8 The cross-section shown is that of a radially large-angle circular annular transducer with a spline curve. A schematic diagram of its spline curve cross-section is shown below. Figure 9 As shown.
[0064] The vertical radial directional opening angles of the conventional interlocking tangentially polarized ring transducer and the radially large opening angle ring transducer with spline curve cross-section were analyzed and compared at -3dB and -6dB. The simulation results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the vertical radial directional opening angles of the transducer at -3dB and -6dB are improved.
[0065]
[0066] Table 3
[0067] Example 4
[0068] This embodiment discloses a directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves. It employs a modular tangentially polarized circular ring transducer structure. The cross-sectional wall thickness of each piezoelectric ceramic strip is designed as a spline curve shape, starting from the midpoint of the height direction and increasing towards both sides. Finally, the strips are assembled to form a structure as shown in the image. Figure 10 The cross-section shown is that of a radially small-open-angle circular ring transducer with a spline curve. A schematic diagram of its spline curve cross-section is shown below. Figure 11 As shown.
[0069] The vertical radial directional opening angles of the conventional interlocking tangentially polarized ring transducer and the radially small opening angle ring transducer with spline curve cross-section were analyzed and compared at -3dB and -6dB. The simulation results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the vertical radial directional opening angles of the transducer at -3dB and -6dB are reduced.
[0070]
[0071] Table 4
[0072] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.
Claims
1. A directional circular ring transducer based on spline curves, characterized in that, include: The transducer body has an inner wall that is a spline curve shape that varies along the height direction, used to raise or lower the top of the annular transducer or the radial vertical directional opening angle.
2. The directional circular transducer based on spline curves as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transducer body is: The shape of a spline curve whose cross-sectional wall thickness increases along the height direction.
3. The directional circular transducer based on spline curves as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transducer body is: The shape of a spline curve whose cross-sectional wall thickness decreases along the height direction.
4. The directional circular transducer based on spline curves as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transducer body is: A spline curve shape that starts at the midpoint of the height direction and increases in wall thickness towards both ends of the cross section.
5. The directional circular transducer based on spline curves as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transducer body is: The shape of a spline curve that starts at the midpoint of the height direction and decreases in wall thickness towards both ends.
6. The directional circular transducer based on spline curves as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Spline curves include cubic spline curves, non-uniform rational B-spline curves, and Bézier curves.
7. The directional circular transducer based on spline curves as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The spline curve is a cubic spline curve, and each segment of the curve... In the interval The above expression is: ； In the formula: i = 0, 1, ..., n-1, and satisfies the interpolation condition and the boundary condition; Interpolation conditions include: continuity at the nodes, continuity of the first derivative, and continuity of the second derivative; The boundary condition is that the second derivatives at both ends are 0.