Bicycle propulsion system for electric bicycle conversion

Abstract

A variant of the bicycle propulsion system includes: a hub adapter configured to be mounted on the rear axle of the bicycle and to apply torque to the rear axle via the rear disc brake of the bicycle; a first rotor element; a second rotor element cooperating with the first rotor element to form a circular outer drive surface around the rear disc brake; a set of hub adapter brackets configured to engage the hub adapter; a chassis configured to be momentarily coupled to a frame element of the bicycle; a rotor retainer disposed on the chassis and configured to position the first rotor element and the second rotor element relative to the chassis; a motor mounted to the chassis; and a drive assembly disposed on the chassis and configured to transmit torque output by the motor to the circular outer drive surface to rotate the rear axle via the set of hub adapter brackets.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 537,065, filed September 7, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This invention generally relates to the field of electric bicycle propulsion, and more specifically to a novel and practical electric bicycle conversion system in the field of electric bicycle propulsion. Attached Figure Description

[0004] Figure 1 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0005] Figure 2 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0006] Figure 3 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0007] Figure 4 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0008] Figure 5 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0009] Figure 6 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0010] Figure 7 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0011] Figure 8 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0012] Figure 9 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0013] Figure 10 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0014] Figure 11 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0015] Figure 12A It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0016] Figure 12B It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0017] Figure 13 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0018] Figure 14 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0019] Figure 15 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0020] Figure 16 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0021] Figure 17 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0022] Figure 18 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0023] Figure 19 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0024] Figure 20 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system;

[0025] Figure 21 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system; and

[0026] Figure 22 It is a schematic representation of a variant of the system. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following description of embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments, but rather to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The variations, configurations, implementations, exemplary implementations, and examples described herein are optional and not limited to the described variations, configurations, implementations, exemplary implementations, and examples. The invention described herein can include any and all permutations of these variations, configurations, implementations, exemplary implementations, and examples.

[0028] 1. Bicycle propulsion system

[0029] like Figure 18 , Figure 20 , Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes: a hub adapter 190; a concentric rotor assembly; and a chassis assembly 104. The hub adapter 190 defines a set of external engagement features 195 and is configured to be mounted intransiently on the rear axle of the bicycle and to apply torque to the rear axle via the bicycle's rear disc brake.

[0030] The concentric rotor assembly is operable in both an open and closed configuration and includes: a first rotor element 134; a first rotor element 136 that cooperates with the first rotor element 134 to form a circular outer drive surface 132 around a rear disc brake in a closed configuration; a first hub adapter bracket 157 that extends inwardly from the first rotor element 134 and defines a first set of retaining features 153 configured to engage and retain a set of external engagement features 195 of a hub adapter 190 in a closed configuration; and a second hub adapter bracket 158 ​​that extends inwardly from the first rotor element 136 and defines a second set of retaining features 153 configured to engage and retain the set of external engagement features 195 of a hub adapter 190 in a closed configuration.

[0031] The chassis assembly 104 is configured to be momentarily coupled to the frame element of the bicycle and includes: a retaining sub-assembly configured to position a concentric rotor assembly relative to the chassis assembly 104 in an enclosed configuration; a motor; and a drive sub-assembly configured to transmit torque output from the motor to a circular outer drive surface 132 formed by a first rotor element 134 and a second rotor element 136 in an enclosed configuration to rotate the rear axle via a first hub adapter bracket 157 and a second hub adapter bracket 158.

[0032] A variation of the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes: a hub adapter 190; an annular rotor assembly 102; a rotor retainer; and a power transmission assembly 160. The hub adapter 190 is configured to be mounted non-instantaneously on the rear axle of the bicycle and to apply torque to the rear axle via the bicycle's rear disc brake. The annular rotor assembly 102 is operable in both an open and closed configuration and includes: a first rotor element 134; a first rotor element 136 that mates with the first rotor element 134 to form a circular outer drive surface 132 around the rear axle in a closed configuration, the circular outer drive surface 132 defining a timing band; a first hub adapter bracket 157 that is inserted from the first rotor element 134, coupled to the first rotor element 134, and configured to engage a hub adapter 190 in a closed configuration; and a second hub adapter bracket 158 ​​that is inserted from the first rotor element 136, coupled to the first rotor element 136, and configured to engage a hub adapter 190 in a closed configuration.

[0033] In this variant, the rotor retainer is configured to be momentarily coupled to the bicycle frame element and, in a closed configuration, positions the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the frame element. The power transmission assembly 160 includes a motor located adjacent to the bicycle frame element; includes an articulated arm mounted to the motor and configured to engage with a timing belt; and is configured to transmit torque output from the motor to the timing belt to rotate the rear axle in a closed configuration via a first hub adapter bracket 157 and a second hub adapter bracket 158.

[0034] A variant of the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes: a hub adapter 190; a first rotor element 134; a first rotor element 136; a first hub adapter bracket 157; a second hub adapter bracket 158; a chassis; a rotor retainer; a motor; and a drive assembly. The hub adapter 190 is configured to be non-instantaneously mounted on the front axle of the bicycle and to apply torque to the front axle. The first rotor element 136 cooperates with the first rotor element 134 to form a circular outer drive surface 132 around the front disc brake of the bicycle in a closed configuration and to be decoupled from the front disc brake in an open configuration. The chassis is configured to be instantaneously coupled to the frame elements of the bicycle. The rotor retainer is disposed on the chassis and is configured to position the first rotor elements 134 and 136 relative to the chassis in a closed configuration. The motor is mounted on the chassis. The drive assembly is mounted on a chassis and configured to transmit torque output from the motor to a circular outer drive surface 132 formed by first rotor elements 134 and 136 in an enclosed configuration to rotate the front axle via a first hub adapter bracket 157 and a second hub adapter bracket 158.

[0035] 1.1 Variation: Bicycle Propulsion System - Sprocket Configuration

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, a variant of the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes: a concentric rotor assembly 102; and a chassis assembly 104. The concentric rotor assembly 102 includes: a first rotor element 134 attached to a first sprocket holder 151 configured to engage a first bicycle sprocket; a first rotor element 136 attached to a second sprocket holder 152 configured to engage the first bicycle sprocket; and is configured to define a circular outer drive surface 132, a circular inner retaining surface 133, and momentarily engage around the first bicycle sprocket via the first sprocket holder 151 and the second sprocket holder 152 in the engagement configuration of the concentric rotor assembly 102. The chassis assembly 104 is configured to be momentarily secured to a bicycle frame element; it includes a retaining sub-assembly configured to translateably restrict the concentric rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104 while the concentric rotor assembly 102 is engaged around a first bicycle sprocket, and the chassis assembly 104 is secured to the bicycle frame element; it includes a drive sub-assembly configured to engage the concentric rotor assembly 102 via a circular outer drive surface 132; and it includes a motor 162 configured to rotate the concentric rotor assembly 102 about the central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 via the drive sub-assembly, the motor 162 causing rotation of the first bicycle sprocket while the concentric rotor assembly 102 is engaged around the first bicycle sprocket.

[0037] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a variant of the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a concentric rotor assembly 102 and a frame assembly 104. In this variant, the concentric rotor assembly 102 is configured to rigidly and momentarily engage around the bicycle sprocket and includes a set of sprocket supports 150 arranged around the concentric rotor assembly 102, the set of sprocket supports 150 being configured to engage with the teeth of the bicycle sprocket. In this variant, the chassis assembly 104 is configured to momentarily attach to the bicycle frame elements; includes a retaining sub-assembly configured to translateably limit the concentric rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104; includes a drive sub-assembly configured to engage the concentric rotor assembly 102; includes a motor 162 configured to rotate the concentric rotor assembly 102 about its central axis via the drive sub-assembly; includes a sensor arm 171 configured to engage with the bicycle chain via a chain roller 176 biased against the bicycle chain; and includes an electronic subsystem 180. In this variant, the electronic subsystem 180 is configured to detect deflection of the sensor arm 171 caused by tension in the bicycle chain; and, based on the deflection of the sensor arm 171, activate the motor 162 to rotate the concentric rotor 130.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, a variant of the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a concentric rotor assembly 102 and a frame assembly 104. In this variant, the concentric rotor assembly 102: defines a circular outer drive surface 132; defines an inner retaining surface 133; includes a set of sprocket supports 150 arranged around the inner retaining surface 133 of the concentric rotor assembly 102 and configured to engage with the teeth of a bicycle sprocket; and is configured to momentarily engage around the bicycle sprocket, wherein the central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 is concentric with the axis of rotation of the bicycle sprocket. In this variant, the chassis assembly 104 is configured to momentarily attach to a bicycle stay; includes a retaining sub-assembly configured to translately restrict the concentric rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104; includes a drive sub-assembly configured to engage a circular outer drive surface 132 of the concentric rotor assembly 102; and includes a motor 162 configured to rotate the concentric rotor assembly 102 about the central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 via the drive sub-assembly.

[0039] 2. Application

[0040] Typically, a bicycle propulsion system 100 includes: a hub adapter 190 configured to be non-transiently (e.g., semi-permanently) mounted on the rear axle of the bicycle (e.g., the rear wheel hub) and to apply torque to the rear axle via the bicycle's rear disc brake; a rotor configured to be transiently coupled to the hub adapter 190; a frame assembly 104 configured to be transiently coupled to bicycle frame elements (e.g., bicycle chain support, bicycle seat support); and a motor arranged proximate to the bicycle frame elements and / or within the frame assembly 104 and configured to drive the rotor to generate additional torque around the rear axle of the bicycle via the rear disc brake and to assist the rider in operating the bicycle.

[0041] For example, a cyclist can install the bicycle propulsion system 100 on the left side (or "non-drive side") of their bicycle (i.e., opposite the chain and sprockets) to convert their standard (e.g., mechanical, non-electric, or human-powered) mountain bike into an electric bike for traversing more challenging terrain or hilly off-roading. The cyclist can then easily remove the bicycle propulsion system 100: to use the bicycle on less challenging terrain; to comply with local legal restrictions on electric bikes; to prevent the theft of the bicycle propulsion system 100 while parking their bicycle; or for any other reason. Similarly, the cyclist can easily reinstall the bicycle propulsion system 100 whenever they desire additional throttle and / or pedal assistance.

[0042] 2.1 System Components

[0043] More specifically, such as Figure 14 , Figure 15 , Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes: a hub adapter 190 comprising a set of segments configured to be non-instantaneously mounted to and surrounding a rear axle (e.g., a rear wheel hub); a concentric rotor assembly 102 (hereinafter referred to as "ring rotor assembly 102") including a set of hub adapter 190 brackets configured to be instantaneously mounted to the bicycle's hub adapter 190 and / or rear disc brake in a closed configuration and configured to be decoupled from the hub adapter 190 in an open configuration; and a chassis assembly 104 fixed to the ring rotor assembly 102 in a closed configuration, instantaneously coupled to the bicycle's chain support or seat support, and including a motor 162 and a drive sub-assembly that transmits torque to the ring rotor assembly 102. The annular rotor assembly 102 is configured to open (or "split") to allow installation on and removal from the rear disc brake of a bicycle without removing the rear wheel from the bicycle frame's rear fork. The annular rotor assembly 102 is also configured to close and latch around the rear disc brake in a closed configuration, in which the outer surface of the annular rotor assembly 102 forms a continuous circular outer drive surface 132, and in this closed configuration, a hub adapter 190 bracket extends toward the radial center of the annular rotor assembly 102, engaging and retaining the outer engagement feature 195 of the hub adapter 190 to transmit torque between the circular outer drive surface 132 and the rear axle.

[0044] The underframe assembly 104 includes: a set of rollers configured to engage and retain the annular rotor assembly 102 when it is mounted around the rear disc brake; and a toothed drive belt 164 that runs between the rollers and the circular outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102 and transmits torque from an electric motor (remote from or within the underframe assembly 104) to the annular rotor assembly 102, which then transmits the torque to the rear axle via a hub adapter 190 bracket. In addition, the chassis assembly 104 includes a boss or bracket configured to engage a seat support or chain support near the rear fork of the bicycle frame, thus preventing the chassis assembly 104 from rotating about the pitch axis of the bicycle when the motor is actuated; and a belt or other coupler configured to wrap around the seat support or chain support of the bicycle, thus limiting the rotation of the chassis assembly 104 about the yaw axis of the bicycle, while the annular rotor assembly 102 and rollers cooperate to limit the translation of the chassis assembly 104 and the rotation of the chassis assembly 104 about the roll axis of the bicycle.

[0045] 2.2 Non-drive side installation

[0046] During installation, the user (e.g., a rider) can mount the hub adapter 190 to the rear wheel hub by mounting a set (e.g., two) of segments around the rear wheel hub of the bicycle (opposite to the rear chain sprocket or freewheel) and attaching a set of fasteners threaded through the openings in the rear disc brake and into the inner bores of each segment to the rear disc brake. The user can then: mount the base frame assembly 104 to the bicycle frame by wrapping a strap around the left seat support and / or left chain support near the rear fork of the bicycle without additional tools; and mount the articulated arm coupled to the base frame assembly 104 by wrapping additional straps, clips, or other fasteners around the left chain support to position the motor against the bottom surface of the chain support and / or the bicycle frame (e.g., near a bottle holder mounted on the bicycle frame). Users can mount the annular rotor assembly 102 around the rear disc brake of a bicycle by pivoting the first rotor element 134, which is coupled to the first rotor element 136, which is coupled to the second hub adapter bracket 158, to the first hub adapter bracket 157, to switch the annular rotor assembly 102 from a closed configuration to an open configuration.

[0047] Accordingly, the user can: position a first hub adapter bracket 157, coupled to the first rotor element 134, around the rear disc brake and near the external engagement feature 195 of the hub adapter 190; feed the first rotor element 134 into the chassis assembly 104 along retaining rollers; close the first rotor element 136 against the opposite side of the hub adapter 190 to position a second hub adapter bracket 158 ​​near the external engagement feature 195 of the hub adapter 190; latch the first rotor element 136 to the first rotor element 134 to form a continuous loop concentric with the rear disc brake; and couple the first hub adapter bracket 157 and the second hub adapter bracket 158 ​​to the external engagement feature 195 of the hub adapter 190 by extension. The user can then: place the battery assembly 106 in a bottle holder mounted on the bicycle frame; and route the power cable from the battery assembly 106 to the motor and / or chassis assembly 104 to, for example, complete the assembly of the bicycle propulsion system 100 on the bicycle in one minute. Later, these components of the bicycle propulsion system 100 can be similarly removed from the bicycle over a similar period of time in order to return the bicycle to the non-assisted configuration.

[0048] Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a hub adapter 190, a frame assembly 104, and an annular rotor assembly 102, which are configured to: allow for quick mounting to the bicycle when the user desires torque assistance (e.g., in preparation for off-road riding); and allow for quick removal from the bicycle, such as when the user parks the bicycle in a public space, or when the user no longer desires throttle and / or pedal assistance (e.g., in preparation for a bike ride with friends, or when cycling along a flat section of off-road terrain), all without the need for additional tools or removal of wheels or other local components from the bicycle. Thus, the bicycle propulsion system 100 enables the convenient and temporary conversion of a purely human-powered mountain bike into an electric bicycle with throttle and / or pedal assistance, and vice versa, allowing cyclists to quickly and seamlessly switch between human-powered and electric bicycle configurations.

[0049] 3. Annular rotor assembly

[0050] Typically, a bicycle propulsion system 100 includes an annular rotor assembly 102, which is clamped around or otherwise engaged with the sprocket of a bicycle freewheel assembly, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown. More specifically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes an annular rotor assembly 102 configured to momentarily engage around the bicycle sprocket, and includes a set of sprocket supports 150 arranged around the annular rotor assembly 102, the set of sprocket supports 150 being configured to engage with the teeth of the bicycle sprocket. Furthermore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes an annular rotor assembly 102: including a circular outer drive surface 132 and a circular inner retaining surface 133, thereby defining the surface of a retaining subassembly to translately limit the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104, and defining the surface of a drive subassembly to transmit power from the motor 162 to the annular rotor assembly 102. Furthermore, as... Figure 9 As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include an annular rotor assembly 102, which further includes a first rotor element 134 attached to a first sprocket bracket 151 and a first rotor element 136 attached to a second sprocket bracket 152. In an engaged configuration, during engagement of the first rotor elements 134 and 136, a concentric motor 162 assembly defines a circular outer drive surface 132 and a circular inner retaining surface 133. Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes an annular rotor assembly 102 that can easily engage and disengage from the bicycle sprocket and efficiently and safely transmit power from the drive sub-assembly of the bicycle propulsion device and the motor 162 to the bicycle sprocket.

[0051] In one implementation, such as Figure 9 As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes an annular rotor assembly 102, which further includes two generally semi-circular rotor elements attached at one end by a hinge, and defining a convex and a concave portion of a latch 140 on a first rotor element 134 and a first rotor element 136, respectively. When the first rotor element 134 is engaged with the first rotor element 136, the first rotor element 134 and the first rotor element 136 define a circular outer drive surface 132 and a circular inner retaining surface 133.

[0052] In another embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes an annular rotor assembly 102, which further includes two generally semi-circular rotor elements configured to be fully separable via two latches 140. Thus, a user can couple each end of the two rotor elements to a corresponding end of the opposing rotor element, thereby defining a circular outer drive surface 132 and a circular inner retaining surface 133.

[0053] The additional components and their implementation methods are described in further detail below.

[0054] 3.1 Concentric Rotor

[0055] Typically, a bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a concentric rotor 130 as a major component of an annular rotor assembly 102. More specifically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130 comprising a centerless disc defining a circular outer drive surface 132 and a circular inner retaining surface 133, wherein the circular outer drive surface 132 defines a toothed (i.e., gear-like) surface, and the circular inner retaining surface 133 is characterized in that its diameter is larger than that of a bicycle sprocket, and the concentric rotor 130 is configured to engage with the bicycle sprocket. Furthermore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130 defining a thickness such that, when driven by a drive subassembly and simultaneously engaged with a bicycle sprocket, the concentric rotor 130 is laterally stable under load, such as a thickness between 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm.

[0056] In one embodiment, the concentric rotor 130 is manufactured as a single piece of rigid material before being divided into two or more separate rotor elements. For example, the concentric rotor 130 can be made of metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy (such as 6061 or 7075). For example, the concentric motor 162 can be formed by milling and / or turning a single piece of metal. Alternatively, the concentric rotor 130 can be formed by stamping a single piece of metal. However, the concentric rotor 130 can be manufactured in any other way.

[0057] exist Figure 8 In another embodiment shown, the concentric rotor 130 may include a set of slots to reduce the weight of the concentric rotor 130 while leaving enough material to maintain the structural stability of the concentric rotor 130 under load from the drive subassembly.

[0058] 3.2 Circular outer driving surface

[0059] Typically, a bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130 defining a gear-shaped circular outer drive surface 132 for mating with a drive subassembly. In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130 configured to mesh (i.e., engage) with a toothed drive belt 164 (i.e., timing belt) housed by a frame assembly 104. In this embodiment, the circular outer drive surface 132 may define a set of curved teeth configured to mesh with a rubber timing belt. Thus, by meshing with the timing belt, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can reliably transmit power from the motor 162 to the concentric rotor 130 without the need for lubrication or frequent maintenance.

[0060] In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 holds the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the frame assembly 104 via a retainer assembly using a pair of retaining rollers that roll along a circular outer drive surface 132. However, to prevent damage to the retaining rollers due to collisions with the toothed circular outer drive surface 132, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a chamfered edge at the base of the teeth of the circular outer drive surface 132, the chamfered edge being configured to engage the retaining rollers of the retainer assembly.

[0061] 3.3 Internal surface retention

[0062] Typically, a bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130 that defines an inner retaining surface 133 along its inner circular edge to translationally constrain the concentric rotor 130 for a retaining sub-assembly of the chassis assembly 104 while feeding the concentric rotor 130 through the chassis assembly 104 such that the concentric rotor 130 rotates about its central axis. More specifically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130 that defines a smooth inner retaining surface 133 configured to engage with an inner retaining rotor. Furthermore, to prevent the concentric rotor 130 from traveling during rotation, the concentric rotor 130 may define a circular inner retaining surface 133 concentric with a circular outer drive surface 132 and the axis of rotation of the sprocket, with an annular rotor assembly 102 configured to engage with the sprocket. In one embodiment, the concentric rotor 130 defines an inner retaining surface 133, which includes a chamfer corresponding to the inner chamfer of the inner retaining roller 122 in the retaining subassembly.

[0063] 3.4 Rotor Components

[0064] Usually, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the bicycle propulsion assembly includes a concentric rotor 130, which further includes two (partially or fully) separable rotor elements, each rotor element defining an arc of the complete concentric rotor 130, allowing a cyclist to open and hold the concentric rotor 130 around the bicycle sprocket. More specifically, the annular rotor assembly 102 includes: a first rotor element 134 attached to a first sprocket holder 151 configured to engage with a bicycle sprocket; and a first rotor element 136 attached to a second sprocket holder 152 configured to engage with a bicycle sprocket. In one embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 includes: a first rotor element 134 attached to a first sprocket holder 151 in a set of sprocket holders 150; and a first rotor element 136 attached to a second sprocket holder 152 in the set of sprocket holders 150 and configured to momentarily couple to the first rotor element 134 to define a circular outer drive surface 132 and an inner retaining surface 133. Thus, when the first rotor element 134 engages with the first rotor element 136 (e.g., via a latch and / or hinge), the first rotor element 134 and the first rotor element 136 combine to define the circular outer drive surface 132 and the circular inner retaining surface 133.

[0065] In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a concentric rotor 130, which is manufactured from a single piece of material before being cut into first rotor elements 134 and first rotor elements 136, thereby ensuring a precise fit between the first rotor elements 134 and first rotor elements 136.

[0066] In another embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a first rotor element 134 and a first rotor element 136, which are substantially equal in size to ensure that substantially equal loads are applied to each side of the bicycle sprocket via a first sprocket bracket 151 and a second sprocket bracket 152 during rotation of the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0067] In yet another embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include additional rotor elements, each attached to a corresponding sprocket bracket 150, to more fully circumscribe the bicycle sprocket using the sprocket bracket 150. In this embodiment, the set of rotor elements may include multiple latches and / or hinges to allow the user to engage the concentric rotor 130 around the bicycle sprocket.

[0068] 3.4.1 Rotor hinges and latches

[0069] Usually, such as Figure 9 As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a set of rotor elements coupled by rotor hinges 138 on one side of each rotor element and momentarily engaged by latches 140 in an engaged configuration. More specifically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include an annular rotor assembly 102, which further includes: a hinge connecting a first rotor element 134 to a first rotor element 136, the hinge defining an axis of rotation parallel to the central axis of a circular outer drive surface 132; a latch 140 inserted into the first rotor element 134; and a locking pin within a slot in the first rotor element 136, the locking pin being configured to engage the latch 140 and prevent separation of the first rotor element 134 from the first rotor element 136 in the engaged configuration of the annular rotor assembly 102. Therefore, users can install and remove the annular rotor assembly 102 around the bicycle sprocket without tools and in a short time, and when in engagement configuration, the annular rotor assembly 102 remains rigidly engaged around the bicycle sprocket, sufficient to transmit torque from the drive subassembly to the bicycle sprocket.

[0070] The annular rotor assembly 102 may include a latch 140 inserted into a first end of a first rotor element 134 and a latch pin 146 passing through a slot in a second end of a first rotor element 136. Therefore, when a user brings the first end of the first rotor element 134 and the second end of the first rotor element 136 together and engages the latch 140 of the first rotor element 134 into the slot in the first rotor element 136, the latch 140 latches around the latch pin 146, thereby preventing the first rotor element 134 from disengaging from the first rotor element 136. Furthermore, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a latch 140 configured to release the latch pin 146 when a sliding member 148 is translated, the sliding member 148 being mechanically coupled to the latch 140 and configured to surround the latch 140 inserted into the rotor element.

[0071] In one embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a latch 140, which further includes a spring-loaded linear cam 142 configured to engage a hook-shaped follower 144, such as Figure 9 As shown. Figure 9The latch 140 is shown in the locked position, although for clarity, the first rotor elements 134 and 136, separated from each other, are shown. When the rotor elements are engaged, the hook follower 144 grasps the latch pin 146 on the opposite rotor element and rotates about the follower pin 145 until the linear cam 142 can translate into a slot left by the rotation of the hook follower 144, thereby preventing the hook follower 144 from rotating back and thus preventing the latch pin 146 from disengaging from the hook follower 144. The latch 140 may also include a sliding member 148 (not shown for clarity). Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the sliding member 148 is mechanically coupled to the linear cam 142 so that the hook follower 144 can rotate such that when a force is applied to separate the first rotor element 134 from the second motor 162, as the hook follower 144 rotates, the latch pin 146 can be removed from the hook of the hook follower 144.

[0072] In another embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 is configured to engage within the chassis assembly 104 to conceal the latch 140 within the chassis assembly 104, thereby preventing access to the latch 140 for anti-theft purposes and effectively locking the annular rotor assembly 102 around the bicycle sprocket. More specifically, in this embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 may include a solenoid or another electromechanical latch within the chassis assembly 104, which is configured to engage a corresponding slot, recess, or circular outer drive surface 132 of the concentric rotor 130, such that when the solenoid or latch is engaged, the concentric rotor is locked in place, and the latch 140 is concealed by the chassis assembly 104 (i.e., the outer frame 114). Furthermore, the latch or solenoid can be actuated by a physical key or via wireless communication with a mobile computing device used by the person riding the bicycle, to engage the latch or solenoid with a slot in the concentric rotor 130 and remove the latch or solenoid from the slot in the concentric rotor 130, thereby allowing the concentric rotor 130 to rotate freely again. Additionally, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can: store a predetermined position of the concentric rotor, for which the latch 140 (and sliding member 148) is blocked against the inner surface of the outer frame 114; and in response to receiving a command to lock the bicycle propulsion system 100 to the bicycle, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can actuate the motor 162 to move the annular rotor assembly 102 into the predetermined position and engage an electromechanical pin preventing rotation of the concentric rotor 102. Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can be remotely locked to the bicycle frame without physical intervention by the user.

[0073] In another embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include other locking mechanisms, such as integrated U-locks, cable locks, or folding locks, configured to secure the annular rotor assembly 102 and / or the frame assembly 104 to the bicycle frame or wheels. Furthermore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a GPS chip and an inertial measurement unit, which, when the bicycle is not in use (or when the safety feature is activated via a user's mobile computing device), can: detect movement of the bicycle and / or the bicycle propulsion system 100; and transmit the GPS location of the bicycle propulsion system 100 to the user's mobile computing device. Therefore, the annular rotor assembly 102 may define a safety feature configured to prevent removal of the concentric rotor 130 from the sprocket and / or removal of the frame assembly 104 from the bicycle.

[0074] However, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include any type of latch 140 that, when engaged with the bicycle sprocket and under load of the drive subassembly, is capable of securing the first rotor element 134 to the first rotor element 136.

[0075] 3.5 Sprocket Support

[0076] Usually, such as Figure 11 As shown, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a set of sprocket supports 150 configured to engage with the teeth of a bicycle sprocket, such that torque applied to the concentric rotor 130 is transmitted to the bicycle sprocket. More specifically, the annular rotor assembly 102 may also include a set of sprocket supports, each sprocket support defining: a set of outer retaining teeth 154 configured to engage the outer surface of the bicycle sprocket; a set of inner retaining teeth 155 offset from the outer retaining teeth 154 by a factor greater than the thickness of the bicycle sprocket and configured to engage the inner surface of the bicycle sprocket; and a set of engagement features 156 configured to engage with the pitch of the bicycle sprocket disposed between the set of outer retaining teeth 154 and the set of inner retaining teeth 155. Thus, the annular rotor assembly 102 can engage with the bicycle sprocket via the set of sprocket supports 150.

[0077] When the sprocket carrier engages with a bicycle sprocket, the sprocket carrier can define a set of engagement features 156 configured within the pitch of the bicycle sprocket (i.e., between teeth or tooth tips). Therefore, the sprocket carrier can define engagement features 156 including a series of semi-cylindrical tooth tips mimicking one side of a bicycle chain rivet. In one embodiment, the sprocket carrier can define engagement features 156 including a series of semi-cylindrical tooth tips characterized in that their diameter is smaller than the diameter of the bicycle chain rivet configured to engage the bicycle sprocket. By including engagement features 156 slightly smaller than the diameter of the bicycle chain rivet that mates with the bicycle sprocket, the sprocket carrier can be more easily mounted onto the bicycle sprocket.

[0078] Furthermore, the sprocket carrier may define a set of inner retaining teeth 155 and outer retaining teeth 154 on either side of the engagement feature 156 to prevent the sprocket carrier from laterally disengaging from the bicycle sprocket (e.g., due to non-axial torque applied to the annular rotor assembly 102). Therefore, the sprocket carrier may include inner retaining teeth 155 and outer retaining teeth 154 characterized by a thickness less than the inner sprocket pitch of the bicycle's freewheel assembly. Additionally, the sprocket carrier may include inner retaining teeth 155 and outer retaining teeth 154 that alternate on either side of the engagement feature 156 to facilitate engagement of the sprocket carrier with the bicycle sprocket by the user of the bicycle propulsion system 100, such as... Figure 11 As shown.

[0079] The annular rotor assembly 102 may include a set of sprocket supports 150 having engagement features 156, inner retaining teeth 155, and outer retaining teeth 154. The set of sprocket supports 150 is configured to engage with sprockets of a specific size (i.e., number of teeth), with sprockets configured for a specific chain standard (e.g., half-inch pitch chain, 8-inch chain, 3 / 16-inch chain, 5.3 mm chain, 5.5 mm chain, 6 mm chain, 6.5 mm chain, and / or 7 mm chain), and with sprockets characterized by a specific sprocket pitch. Thus, the sprocket support may define engagement features 156, inner retaining teeth 155, and outer retaining teeth 154, the sprocket support being characterized in dimensions corresponding to a bicycle sprocket, and the sprocket support being configured to engage with that sprocket.

[0080] In one embodiment, each sprocket bracket in the set of sprocket supports 150 defines an engagement arc characterized in that its radius is equal to or greater than the pitch radius of the bicycle sprocket, and the sprocket bracket is configured to engage with the sprocket. Therefore, the curvature of each sprocket bracket in the set of sprocket supports 150 approximately matches the curvature of the bicycle sprocket, and the sprocket bracket is configured to engage with the sprocket.

[0081] In another embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 may further include a set of sprocket supports 150 defining a total arc length greater than 25% of the pitch circumference of the bicycle sprocket. Thus, in embodiments where the annular rotor assembly 102 includes a first sprocket support 151 and a second sprocket support 152, the first sprocket support 151 and the second sprocket support 152 may be configured to engage with more than 25% of the teeth of the first bicycle sprocket in an engagement configuration of the annular rotor assembly 102. For example, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a first sprocket support 151 attached to a first rotor element 134 and a second sprocket support 152 attached to a second rotor element 136, the first sprocket support 151 and the second sprocket support 152 being configured to engage a sprocket defining 28 teeth. In this example, the first sprocket support 151 and the second sprocket support 152 together define an arc length and an engagement feature 156 configured to engage with at least seven teeth of the sprocket.

[0082] In yet another embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a set of sprocket supports 150 that define a total arc length less than 60% of the pitch circumference of a bicycle sprocket. In this embodiment, the set of sprocket supports 150 may engage less than 60% of the teeth of the bicycle sprocket. For example, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a first sprocket support 151 attached to a first rotor element 134 and a second sprocket support 152 attached to a second rotor element 136, the first sprocket support 151 and the second sprocket support 152 being configured to engage a sprocket defining 28 teeth. In this example, the first sprocket support 151 and the second sprocket support 152 together define an arc length and an engagement feature 156 configured to engage sixteen or fewer teeth of the sprocket.

[0083] Typically, each sprocket support in the set of sprocket supports 150 is attached to the corresponding rotor element via a set of sprocket supports, which are configured to be fixed to the surface of the concentric rotor 130, such as... Figure 5 As shown. In one embodiment, the set of sprocket supports defines a set of threaded holes 192, which are aligned with threaded holes 192 in the face into which the concentric rotor 130 is inserted, as shown. Figure 11 As shown. Therefore, this set of sprocket brackets 150 is replaceable and / or replaceable by the user of the bicycle propulsion system 100.

[0084] In one embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 includes a set of sprocket supports 150 configured to engage with the innermost bicycle sprocket in a bicycle freewheel assembly (e.g., the largest diameter sprocket in the freewheel assembly). More specifically, in an embodiment of the bicycle propulsion system 100 including a first sprocket bracket 151 and a second sprocket bracket 152: the first sprocket bracket 151 is further configured to engage with the innermost bicycle sprocket in the bicycle freewheel assembly; the second sprocket bracket 152 is further configured to engage with the innermost bicycle sprocket; and the annular rotor assembly 102 is further configured to momentarily engage around the innermost bicycle sprocket of the bicycle via the first sprocket bracket 151 and the second sprocket bracket 152 in the engagement configuration of the annular rotor assembly 102; a retaining sub-assembly is further configured to translately restrict the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the frame assembly 104 while the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged around the innermost bicycle sprocket, and the frame assembly 104 is fixed to the bicycle frame element; and a motor 162 is further configured to rotate the annular rotor assembly 102 about the central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 via a drive sub-assembly, the motor 162 causing the rotation of the innermost bicycle sprocket while the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged around the second bicycle sprocket. Therefore, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a set of sprocket supports 150 configured to attach to the inner side of the concentric rotor 130 to avoid interference with other sprockets of the bicycle and to define a curve back outward, such that the engagement feature 156 is positioned between the planes defined by the inner and outer surfaces of the concentric rotor 130, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown. In this embodiment, the set of sprocket supports 150 may have rounded corner edges to reduce force concentration in each sprocket support.

[0085] The sprocket mount 150 can be made of any wear-resistant and lightweight material, such as aluminum or steel, capable of transmitting torque from the concentric rotor 130 to the bicycle sprocket. The sprocket mount 150 can be manufactured via stamping and milling, additive manufacturing, or any other manufacturing technique.

[0086] 3.5.1 Sprocket Support Kit

[0087] In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes multiple sets of sprocket supports 150, each set of sprocket supports 150 being configured to engage with different types of bicycle sprockets (e.g., for sprockets with defined numbers of teeth or conforming to different standards). More specifically, in an embodiment where the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a first sprocket support 151 and a second sprocket support 152 in a first set of sprocket supports 150: the first sprocket support 151 is further configured to engage a first bicycle sprocket characterized by a first number of teeth; the second sprocket support 152 is further configured to engage the first bicycle sprocket characterized by a first number of teeth. The bicycle propulsion system 100 may further include: a third sprocket support configured to replace the first sprocket support 151 and be attached to the first rotor element 134, and configured to engage with a second bicycle sprocket, the second bicycle sprocket being characterized by a second number of teeth different from the first number of teeth; and a fourth sprocket support configured to replace the second sprocket support 152 and be attached to the second rotor element 136, and configured to engage the second bicycle sprocket, the second bicycle sprocket being characterized by a second number of teeth. In this embodiment of the bicycle propulsion system 100: the annular rotor assembly 102 is further configured to momentarily engage around the second bicycle sprocket in an engagement configuration via a third sprocket bracket and a fourth sprocket bracket; the retaining sub-assembly is further configured to translately restrict the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the frame assembly 104 while the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged around the second bicycle sprocket, and the frame assembly 104 is fixed to the bicycle frame element; and the motor 162 is further configured to rotate the annular rotor assembly 102 about the central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 via a drive sub-assembly, the motor 162 causing the second bicycle sprocket to rotate while the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged around the second bicycle sprocket. Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a set of sprocket brackets 150, which includes multiple sets of sprocket brackets 150, wherein each set of sprocket brackets is configured to engage with a specific type of freewheel assembly. Therefore, by replacing one set of sprocket brackets 150 with another set of sprocket brackets 150, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can engage with several different types of freewheel sets that define different numbers of teeth, chain standards, or sprocket pitches.

[0088] 4. Base frame assembly

[0089] Usually, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a chassis assembly 104 that: houses a retaining sub-assembly that translateably limits an annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104; houses a drive sub-assembly configured to transmit power from a motor 162 to the annular rotor assembly 102; houses an electronic subsystem 180 that controls the motor 162 and performs pedal assist and safety procedures; and secures the bicycle propulsion system 100 to the bicycle frame so as to prevent the system from rotating relative to the bicycle frame when the annular rotor assembly 102 is in an engaged configuration. More specifically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a chassis assembly 104 configured to momentarily attach to a support member of the bicycle; a retaining sub-assembly configured to translately restrict an annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104; a drive sub-assembly configured to engage a circular outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102; and a motor 162 configured to rotate the annular rotor assembly 102 about a central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 via the drive sub-assembly. Furthermore, in an embodiment where the bicycle propulsion system 100 is fixed to another frame element of the bicycle, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a chassis assembly 104 configured to momentarily fix to the bicycle frame element; a retaining sub-assembly configured to translately restrict an annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the chassis assembly 104 while the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged around a first bicycle sprocket, and the chassis assembly 104 is fixed to the bicycle frame element; a drive sub-assembly configured to engage the annular rotor assembly 102 via a circular outer drive surface 132; and a motor 162 configured to rotate the annular rotor assembly 102 about the central axis of the circular outer drive surface 132 via the drive sub-assembly, the motor 162 causing rotation of the first bicycle sprocket while the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged around the first bicycle sprocket. Therefore, the chassis assembly 104 houses and positions the motor 162, drive sub-assembly, and retainer sub-assembly, such that the motor 162 transmits torque to the annular rotor assembly 102 via the drive belt 164. The annular rotor assembly 102 then transmits this torque to the sprockets via a set of sprocket supports 150, thereby assisting the cyclist in applying torque to the bicycle's sprockets.

[0090] The chassis assembly 104 includes a chassis that houses the retaining sub-assembly, drive sub-assembly, motor 162, and electronic subsystem 180. The chassis assembly 104 may include a chassis configured to accommodate the aforementioned sub-assemblies and subsystems within a form factor adapted to the chain support and / or seat support of most bicycles.

[0091] In one implementation, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the chassis includes: an outer frame 114; an outer frame 114 parallel to the inner frame 116; an electronics housing; and a motor housing 113. In this embodiment, the outer frame 114 and the inner frame 116 are separated by a set of supports 118, which are fastened to the outer frame 114 and the inner frame 116 via a set of threaded holes. Therefore, a retaining sub-assembly and a drive sub-assembly are included between the outer frame 114 and the inner frame 116. In this embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 and the motor 162 are attached to the outside of the outer frame 114 and housed within the electronics housing and the motor housing 113, respectively. Therefore, the chassis assembly 104 can define different areas for the mechanical and electronic components of the bicycle propulsion system 100.

[0092] The chassis assembly 104 may include an outer frame 114 and an inner frame 116 stamped from aluminum, steel, or any other rigid material to support the retaining subassembly and the drive subassembly. The chassis assembly 104 may also include outer frame 114 and inner frame 116 defining attachment points for the shafts of rollers and gears (from the retaining subassembly and drive subassembly) and the shaft of motor 162, thereby positioning each of these components relative to each other. The chassis assembly 104 may also include an outer frame 114 that also defines attachment points for motor 162, electronic subsystem 180, electronic housing, and motor housing 113. In one embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 may include an outer frame 114 containing attachment points for sensor arm 171. In another embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 may include an outer frame 114 defining a derailleur stop 115 configured to extend into the path of the bicycle's derailleur, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, this is to prevent the bicycle's derailleur from transferring the bicycle chain to the sprocket that engages with the concentric rotor 130, thereby preventing physical interference between the bicycle's derailleur and / or the bicycle's chain and the bicycle propulsion system 100. Therefore, the chassis assembly 104 includes a derailleur stop 115 configured to prevent the bicycle's derailleur from transferring to the first bicycle sprocket.

[0093] The chassis assembly 104 may include an electronic housing made of hard plastic or other rigid, non-conductive material to prevent dust and / or water from entering the electronic subsystem 180 housed within the electronic housing, while also enabling wireless communication between the electronic subsystem 180 and the user's personal computing device. The chassis assembly 104 may include an electronic housing manufactured via molding (e.g., injection molding) or additive manufacturing processes.

[0094] The chassis assembly 104 may also include a motor housing 113 configured to surround the motor 162 and prevent physical damage to the motor 162 in the event of an accidental impact. The motor 162 itself may include an additional waterproof housing separate from the motor housing 113. In one embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 includes a single plastic component that serves as both the electronic housing and the motor housing 113.

[0095] The chassis assembly 104 also includes an attachment mechanism configured to momentarily secure the chassis assembly 104 to a bicycle frame element to prevent rotation of the chassis assembly 104 about the annular rotor assembly 102 when torque is applied from the chassis assembly 104 to the annular rotor assembly 102. In one embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 includes an attachment mechanism configured to attach the chassis assembly 104 to a drive-side chain support of the bicycle. In this embodiment, the motor 162 and motor housing 113 may be positioned below the attachment mechanism such that when the bicycle propulsion system 100 is engaged with the bicycle, the motor 162 and motor housing 113 may extend outward from the outer frame 114 below the drive-side chain support of the bicycle. In this embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 may include a flexible rubber or fabric strap configured to wrap around the bicycle chain support and connect to the outer surface of the chassis assembly 104. However, the base assembly 104 may include other types of attachment mechanisms, such as clip-based or latch-based attachment mechanisms.

[0096] For example, the chassis assembly 104 may include a chain support retainer configured to stabilize the chassis assembly 104 onto the bicycle frame. In one embodiment, a motor housing 113 rests against a chain support that supports the chassis assembly 104 against rotation about the axis of the bicycle's rear wheel due to torque output from the motor 162. In another embodiment, the motor housing 113 defines a geometric offset from the bicycle's chain support. In this embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 may include a chain support retainer extending from the chassis assembly 104, and the chain support retainer is configured to abut against a chain retainer to resist rotation of the chassis assembly 104 due to torque output from the motor. The chain support retainer is additionally configured to couple to the chain retainer (e.g., via a strap or hook) to resist non-rotational forces on the chassis assembly 104.

[0097] In one embodiment, the chain support retainer includes: an axle configured to adjustably extend from the chassis assembly 104; and a latch configured to attach to the chain support. For example, during installation of the bicycle propulsion system 100, a user can pull the chain support retainer to extend the axle to the length of the chain support retainer where the latch contacts the chain support. The axle may include a spring to apply a force between the chain support and the chassis assembly 104 to stabilize the chassis assembly 104. The latch may rotate to accommodate the chain support. In one example, the latch may include a latch configured to: open to receive the chain within the latch; and close and retain the chain support. In another example, the chain support retainer includes a surface configured to abut against the bottom surface of the chain retainer and, in response to torque output from a motor driving the rear wheel of the bicycle in a forward direction, transmit force upward from the chassis assembly 104 to the bottom surface of the chain support. The chain support retainer may also include a lateral adjustment mechanism to translate the latch or shaft to laterally align or center with the chain support. In one embodiment, the length and lateral position of the chain support retainer are configured to establish an initial position for the underframe assembly 104, in which forces present on the underframe assembly 104 are balanced to hold the underframe assembly 104 within that initial position.

[0098] 4.1 Retaining child components

[0099] Usually, such as Figure 6As shown, the chassis assembly 104 includes a retaining subassembly that further includes a set of inner retaining rollers 122 and a set of outer retaining rollers 124. The inner and outer retaining rollers 122 and 124 are configured to position the annular rotor assembly 102 within the chassis assembly 104 such that when torque is applied to the concentric rotor via the drive belt 164, the drive belt 164 engages the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102, while also allowing the concentric rotor 130 (e.g., as a hubless wheel) to rotate about its central axis. More specifically, the chassis assembly 104 includes a retaining subassembly that further includes a set of retaining rollers configured to translateably limit the concentric rotor 130 subsystem as a hubless wheel by contacting the inner retaining surface 133 and the circular outer drive surface 132. Furthermore, the chassis assembly 104 may include a retaining sub-assembly that does not interact with the teeth on the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102, thereby reducing wear on the retaining sub-assembly and excessive noise generated by it during operation of the bicycle propulsion system 100. Additionally, the chassis assembly 104 may include a retaining sub-assembly that allows the annular rotor assembly 102 to be removed from the chassis assembly 104, enabling the user to perform maintenance on the mechanical components of the bicycle propulsion system 100.

[0100] The retaining subassembly includes a set of inner retaining rollers configured to rest along the inner retaining surface 133 of the annular rotor assembly 102 without interacting with a set of sprocket supports 150 arranged around the inner retaining surface 133 of the annular rotor assembly 102. In one embodiment, the retaining subassembly includes two inner retaining rollers to constrain (in conjunction with the set of outer retaining rollers) the annular rotor assembly 102 in two dimensions coplanar with the plane of rotation of the annular rotor assembly 102. In another embodiment, the retaining subassembly includes inner retaining rollers defining a slotted outer surface and a chamfer on either side of the slotted surface, such that the inner retaining rollers fit the corresponding inner retaining surface 133 of the annular rotor assembly 102, thereby laterally constraining the annular rotor assembly 102 within the slotted surface of the retaining rollers. In this embodiment, the retaining subassembly may include a set of retaining rollers defining an asymmetric groove, such that the inner side of one of the retaining rollers in the set can extend beyond the sprocket supports 150 attached to the inner side of the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0101] The retaining subassembly includes a set of outer retaining rollers configured to be positioned along the chamfered edge of the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102. Thus, the retaining subassembly contains the annular rotor assembly 102 between the set of outer retaining rollers and the set of inner retaining rollers. In one embodiment, the retaining subassembly includes a set of two outer retaining rollers. In another embodiment, the retaining subassembly may include a set of outer retaining rollers that may define a slotted outer surface such that the teeth of the outer drive surface 132 do not contact the outer retaining rollers, but rather the outer retaining rollers contact the chamfered surface of the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0102] In one embodiment, the retaining sub-assembly includes rollers made of polyoxymethylene, molybdenum disulfide-filled nylon, or any other abrasion-resistant plastic.

[0103] 4.2 Driver Sub-components

[0104] Usually, such as Figure 6 As shown, the chassis assembly 104 includes a drive subassembly to transmit torque and power from the motor 162 to the annular rotor assembly 102. More specifically, the chassis assembly 104 may include the drive subassembly, which further includes: a drive gear 166 coupled to the motor 162; a drive belt 164 configured to engage the drive gear 166 and the circular outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102; and a set of drive belt rollers 168 configured to maintain engagement of the drive belt 164 with the drive gear 166 and with the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102. Therefore, by including the drive belt 164 as the primary wear component of the bicycle propulsion system, the drive subassembly can operate without grease, thereby reducing routine maintenance and generating less noise compared to chain or gear drive systems. Furthermore, the drive belt 164 can be easily removed from the drive gear 166 and the drive belt rollers 168 and can be replaced, which also improves the maintainability of the bicycle propulsion system 100.

[0105] The drive subassembly may include a drive gear 166 that shares a shaft with the motor 162 and is used to transmit power to the drive belt 164. The drive belt 164 is then guided by a set of drive belt rollers 168 within the inner frame 116 and outer frame 114 to align with the arc of the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102, which engages with the chassis assembly 104. In one embodiment, a first pair of drive belt rollers 168 located near the drive gear 166 maintains tension around the drive gear 166 in the drive belt 164, while a third drive belt roller 168 extends the drive belt 164 toward the upper side of the chassis assembly 104 such that the drive belt 164 meshes with the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102 on a large arc, thereby distributing torque transmission over a longer length of the drive belt 164 to also reduce the maintenance frequency of the bicycle propulsion system. In another embodiment, the drive subassembly may include a set of drive rollers 168 that define a smooth outer surface and are configured to engage the smooth side of the drive belt 164 to guide the drive belt 164 around the drive gear 166 and around the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0106] The drive subassembly may include a gear-guided (or inertial) pulley configured to reorient and tension a portion of the drive belt 164 between a pair of drive rollers 168 adjacent to the drive gear 166 and drive rollers located at the upper end of the base assembly 104. The form factor defined by the base assembly 104 differs from... Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the embodiment of the shape factor shown, the drive subassembly may include different and / or additional drive rollers 168 and / or guide pulleys 169 to position the drive belt 164 as part of the outer drive surface 132 surrounding the drive gear 166 and surrounding the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0107] In one embodiment, the drive belt 164 includes a timing belt. Alternatively, the drive sub-assembly may include a friction belt. In this embodiment, the drive gear 166 is replaced by a drive wheel, and the drive roller 168 and guide wheel are configured to increase the tension in the friction belt compared to the timing belt.

[0108] In another embodiment, the drive subassembly may include a planetary gearbox disposed between the motor and the drive gear 166, and configured to transmit torque between the drive gear 166 and the motor 162, thereby reducing backlash between the drive gear 166 and the motor 162. In this embodiment, the planetary gearbox may be configured to use the drive gear 166 as the sun gear in the planetary gearbox. Alternatively, the planetary gearbox may be configured to use the drive gear as the ring gear in the planetary gearbox.

[0109] In yet another embodiment, the drive subassembly may include a gearbox (e.g., a planetary gearbox) instead of the drive belt-based system described above. In this embodiment, the drive subassembly may include a gearbox disposed within the chassis assembly 104, between the drive gear 166 and the outer drive surface 132, when the bicycle propulsion system 100 is in an engaged configuration. In one example, the drive subassembly may include a planetary gearbox (e.g., a single-stage planetary gearbox), wherein the drive gear 166 is configured as the sun gear in the planetary gearbox, and the carrier of the planetary gearbox is configured to transmit torque to the outer drive surface 132 (e.g., via a toothed concentric surface). In another example, the drive subassembly may include a planetary gearbox, wherein the drive gear 166 is configured as the sun gear in the planetary gearbox, and the ring gear of the planetary gearbox is configured to transmit torque to the outer drive surface 132 of the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0110] However, the drive subassembly may include an additional component configured to transmit torque between the motor 162 and the annular rotor assembly 102 via the outer drive surface 132.

[0111] 4.3 Motor

[0112] Usually, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the base assembly 104 includes a motor 162 configured to transmit torque to a drive sub-assembly via a drive gear 166. The drive sub-assembly then transmits the torque to the annular rotor assembly 102, causing rotation of the annular rotor assembly 102, and thus rotation of a sprocket (with which the annular rotor assembly 102 engages). In one embodiment, the motor 162 includes a compact electric motor, such as a radial flux motor or an axial flux motor 162.

[0113] Motor 162 can be coupled to the outer frame 114 of the base frame assembly 104 to prevent interference between motor 162 and the bicycle wheels. Motor 162 also includes an output shaft extending through the outer frame 114 into the internal volume of the base frame assembly 104. This output shaft is coupled to the drive gear 166 of the drive sub-assembly and transmits power to the drive belt 164.

[0114] In one example, motor 162 is characterized by a peak power output of greater than 1000 watts and a continuous power output of 350 watts to adequately increase the cyclist's power over a sustained period of time. Additionally or alternatively, chassis assembly 104 may include motor 162, which is electronically limited (e.g., limited to 350 watts output) to comply with local government regulations for motorized vehicles.

[0115] In one embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 includes a clutch positioned between the output shaft and the drive gear 166 of the drive subassembly and configured to selectively engage both the output shaft and the drive gear 166. In this embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can engage the clutch when the motor 162 is started and disengage it when the motor 162 is stopped or during coasting, in order to reduce friction in the drivetrain due to the internal resistance of the motor 162 to free rotation of the output shaft in these situations. The clutch can also be configured to disengage the output shaft and drive gear 166 by default, thereby limiting motor resistance on the rear wheel when the bicycle propulsion system 100 is turned off or when the battery assembly 106 is discharging.

[0116] 4.4 Sensor Sub-assembly

[0117] Usually, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 12A and Figure 12B As shown, the chassis assembly 104 may include a sensor subassembly 170 configured to detect the force applied to the bicycle by a cyclist during operation of the bicycle propulsion system 100, thereby enabling the electronic subsystem 180 to perform closed-loop control of the motor 162 to assist the cyclist in propelling the bicycle based on the cyclist's current force. In one embodiment, the sensor subassembly 170 includes a sensor arm 171 attached to a chain roller 176 configured to measure tension in the bicycle chain. In another embodiment, the sensor subassembly 170 is integrated into the housing of the motor 162 and configured to measure the pressure of the motor 162 housing against the bicycle chain support.

[0118] In addition to the implementations described below, the sensor sub-assembly 170 can estimate the cyclist's power input to the bicycle in any other way, such as by utilizing separate power in communication with the bicycle propulsion system 100.

[0119] 4.4.1 Sensor Arm

[0120] exist Figure 12A and Figure 12B In one embodiment shown, the sensor subassembly 170 may include a sensor arm 171 configured to extend from the frame assembly 104 to the bicycle chain; include a chain roller 176 configured to engage with the bicycle chain; and be configured to deflect based on tension in the bicycle chain. More specifically, the sensor subassembly 170 includes a sensor arm 171 configured to engage with the bicycle chain via the chain roller 176 biased against the bicycle chain, while an annular rotor assembly 102 engages around a first bicycle sprocket, and the frame assembly 104 is fixed to the bicycle frame elements; and an electronic subsystem 180 configured to detect the deflection of the sensor arm 171 caused by tension in the bicycle chain and to actuate a motor 162 based on the deflection of the sensor arm 171 to rotate the concentric rotor 130. Therefore, the sensor sub-assembly 170 can detect the tension in the bicycle chain, so that the electronic subsystem 180 can estimate the force applied by the cyclist based on the detected tension, and perform closed-loop control of the motor 162 based on the estimated force.

[0121] In one embodiment, the sensor subassembly 170 includes a sensor arm 171 that is spring-biased at one end of a bicycle chain and engaged with the chain at the opposite end via a chain roller 176. More specifically, the sensor subassembly 170 includes a chain roller 176 coupled to the sensor arm 171 at a first end; and a biasing spring coupled to a second end of the sensor arm 171 and a frame assembly 104, configured to bias the chain roller 176 toward the bicycle chain. Thus, the sensor assembly includes a sensor arm 171 configured as a lever with its axis as a fulcrum, wherein a spring is attached to one end of the sensor arm 171 to bias the opposite end toward the bicycle chain.

[0122] The sensor subassembly 170 also includes a chain roller 176 for engaging with the chain and ensuring that the deflection of the sensor arm 171 is not due to the shape of the chain, but rather to tension within the chain. Therefore, the chain roller 176 may define an inclined surface configured to engage chain links to reduce periodic deflection of the chain roller 176 as it rolls along the chain. Figure 13As shown, the chain roller 176 may define an inclined surface and is composed of a set of inclined shells 185 mounted around the roller shaft, the inclined shells defining a series of valleys 187 and peaks 189, wherein the distance between consecutive valleys and consecutive peaks is equal to the pitch of the bicycle chain. Furthermore, the chain roller 176 may include a rubber sleeve 191 configured to be tensioned around the outer surface of the mounted inclined shells 185.

[0123] like Figure 2 As shown, the sensor subassembly 170 may include a chain roller 176 that is biased downward toward the chain such that an angle α is less than 180 degrees. Furthermore, the sensor subassembly 170 may include a chain roller 176 that extends through the entire length of the bicycle freewheel assembly to ensure contact with the chain, regardless of the cyclist's current gear selection. Due to the variation in chain angle depending on the bicycle's current gear selection, the sensor assembly can be configured to maintain bias on the chain across the entire range of possible chain angles corresponding to the possible gear selections of a typical bicycle (e.g., 8-speed, 9-speed, 10-speed, 11-speed, 12-speed, and / or 13-speed systems).

[0124] In one implementation, such as Figure 12A and Figure 12B As shown, the sensor assembly includes a sensor arm 171, which further includes a pivot 178 attached to a shaft of a chain roller 176, wherein the pivot 178 is configured to bias the chain roller 176 against the bicycle chain and to position the shaft 177 of the roller in a first position perpendicular to the bicycle chain (e.g., Figure 12A As shown); and configured to be in the second position (as shown). Figure 12B (As shown) Remove the chain roller 176 from the bicycle chain. Therefore, during the installation of the bicycle propulsion system 100, the user can fold the chain roller 176 so that the roller's shaft 177 is coplanar with the outer frame 114 of the chassis assembly 104, thereby facilitating installation by preventing the chain roller 176 from getting stuck on the chain when the bicycle propulsion system 100 is moved to the position of the bicycle's chain support.

[0125] In another embodiment, the sensor assembly may include a sensor arm 171, which further includes a chain roller 176 coupled to a first end of the sensor arm 171 and a magnet 175 coupled to a second end. In this embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 (also described below) includes a Hall effect sensor near the second end of the sensor arm 171 and is configured to detect deflection of the sensor arm 171 based on displacement of the magnet 175 via the Hall effect sensor. Thus, by including a magnet 175 at one end of the sensor arm 171, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can measure the deflection of the sensor arm 171 due to tension in the bicycle chain via one or more Hall effect sensors arranged within the electronic subsystem 180 near the second end of the sensor arm 171.

[0126] 4.4.2 Pressure Sensor

[0127] In one embodiment, the sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor integrated into the top side of the motor housing 113 or electronic housing, configured to measure the pressure applied by the bicycle propulsion system 100 to the bicycle's chain support. Since the motor housing 113 is positioned below the bicycle's chain support in this embodiment, the increase in torque applied by the motor 162 compared to the torque applied by the rider increases the pressure applied by the frame assembly 104 to the chain support. Therefore, by measuring the pressure at this location, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can correlate this pressure with the power input to the bicycle by the cyclist and adjust the power of the motor 162 accordingly.

[0128] 4.5 Electronic Subsystem

[0129] Usually, such as Figure 7 As shown, the chassis assembly 104 includes an electronic subsystem 180, which may further include a controller, a 6-axis inertial measurement unit (or a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope), and / or a set of Hall effect sensors. Therefore, the electronic subsystem 180 can regulate the power from the battery assembly 106 to the motor 162 to selectively apply torque to the bicycle's sprockets in response to riding conditions detected by the inertial measurement unit and the set of Hall effect sensors in cooperation with the sensor subassembly 170. Furthermore, the electronic subsystem 180 can measure the orientation of the chassis assembly 104 relative to the ground and estimate the bicycle's speed to identify whether the bicycle propulsion system 100 is operating within its safe and operable envelope. Additionally, the electronic subsystem 180 can wirelessly communicate with a mobile computing device (such as a smartphone, tablet, or smartwatch worn or carried by the cyclist) to report riding-related data, such as current battery level, current level of pedal assist, and / or current operating power of the motor 162.

[0130] Typically, the controller may include a processor configured to execute operable envelope detection and pedal assist algorithms for the bicycle propulsion system 100. Therefore, the controller can access data from various sensors included in the electronic subsystem 180 and from other controllers, and can communicate wirelessly with other I / O devices (e.g., via an integrated wireless chip) to perform various processes also described below.

[0131] 4.5.1 Operable envelope detection

[0132] In one embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 is configured to detect whether the bicycle propulsion system 100 is within its operable envelope to ensure that the bicycle propulsion system 100 applies power to the bicycle sprocket only when the annular rotor assembly 102 is engaged with the bicycle's sprocket, when the chassis assembly is secured to the bicycle's frame elements, and when the bicycle itself is in a safe operable state (e.g., not exceeding maximum speed or in an inoperable orientation). More specifically, the electronic subsystem 180 is configured to shut down the motor 162 in response to detecting that the position of the chassis assembly 104 is outside a predetermined operable envelope. Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can ensure that power from the motor 162 is cut off in the event of a collision or displacement of the bicycle propulsion system 100 relative to the bicycle from its nominal position.

[0133] In one implementation, the electronic subsystem 180 may store a set of parameters indicating the operable envelope of the bicycle propulsion system 100, such as maximum and minimum lateral angles (i.e., inward / outward tilt), maximum and minimum lateral angles (i.e., forward and backward tilt), maximum and minimum speeds, and the engagement state of the sensor subassembly 170. In this implementation, the electronic subsystem 180 may measure the orientation of the chassis assembly before and / or during operation of the bicycle propulsion system 100, and in response to a detected orientation of the chassis assembly 104 exceeding the maximum lateral angle and / or the maximum lateral angle and / or less than the minimum lateral angle or minimum lateral angle, the electronic subsystem 180 stops and / or cuts off power to the motor 162. In one example, the electronic subsystem 180 may shut down the motor 162 in response to detecting a lateral angle greater than 30 degrees relative to the vertical direction. Similarly, the electronic subsystem 180 can estimate the speed of the chassis assembly 104 by performing an inertial algorithm on the data recorded via the inertial measurement unit, and in response to detecting that the speed exceeds the maximum speed or is less than the minimum speed, the electronic subsystem 180 can shut down the motor 162.

[0134] Additionally, the electronic subsystem 180 can measure the speed of the chassis assembly in multiple dimensions and can store multiple maximum and minimum speeds, each corresponding to the speed measured in a different dimension. Therefore, the electronic subsystem 180 can detect lateral movement (e.g., slippage) and shut down the motor 162, allowing the cyclist to more easily regain traction between the rear wheel and the ground.

[0135] In another embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 can detect whether the sensor arm 171 is engaged with the chain by detecting whether the deflection of the sensor arm 171 is less than a threshold deflection caused by a tensionless chain. For example, the electronic subsystem 180 may include a predetermined deflection corresponding to a state where the sensor arm 171 is not engaged with the chain and is fully biased (e.g., by a bias spring) against a hard stop (integrated within the base assembly 104). Therefore, in response to detecting that the chain has disengaged from the chain roller 176 of the sensor arm 171 and that the electronic subsystem 180 no longer detects chain tension, the electronic subsystem 180 can shut down the motor 162.

[0136] 4.5.2 Adaptive Pedal Assist

[0137] Typically, the electronic subsystem 180 can selectively apply additional power to the bicycle's sprockets based on the cyclist's estimated power output (e.g., by measuring chain tension via sensor subassembly 170, integrated with a power meter, or by a pressure sensor detecting the force applied to the bicycle's chain support by the frame assembly 104), the cyclist's current gear selection, the cyclist's cadence, the bicycle's estimated lean angle, and / or the bicycle's estimated speed, without substantially altering the bicycle's operation or user experience compared to physical operation of the same bicycle. More specifically, the electronic subsystem 180 is configured to estimate the cyclist's power output based on the deflection of sensor arm 171 caused by tension in the bicycle's chain, and to modify the output power of motor 162 based on this measured deflection; to estimate the bicycle's gear selection based on a step change in the deflection of sensor arm 171; to estimate the bicycle's lean angle relative to the ground plane based on data from an inertial measurement unit; and to estimate the bicycle's speed based on the estimated cyclist's cadence and the bicycle's gear selection.

[0138] In one implementation, the electronic subsystem 180 may store a predefined lookup table (based on empirical data) or a predefined function that correlates the deflection of the sensor arm 171 with the cyclist's power output. In this implementation, the electronic subsystem 180 may receive (e.g., via a relevant application running on a smartphone) the bicycle's gear configuration (e.g., brand box and chainring selection). The electronic subsystem 180 can then select either a function or a lookup table corresponding to the bicycle's gear configuration.

[0139] Alternatively, the electronic subsystem 180 can initiate a calibration procedure based on input from a mobile computing device (e.g., via a relevant application running on a smartphone) to correlate the cyclist's power output with chain deflection. During the calibration procedure, as the cyclist is instructed to apply a series of difficult and easy forces, the electronic subsystem 180 can measure the bicycle's chain deflection. Based on this data, the electronic subsystem 180 can then correlate the bicycle's chain deflection with the cyclist's maximum and minimum applied forces.

[0140] In another embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 may: store a model, map, or lookup table that links a predetermined deflection range of the sensor arm to a specific sprocket selection in the rear sprocket assembly; measure the deflection of the sensor arm 171; and predict the bicycle's gear selection based on the model and the measured deflection. Alternatively, the electronic subsystem 180 may perform a calibration procedure by prompting the cyclist to switch to the first sprocket and pedal (e.g., with a variable force level) for the first sprocket in the bicycle sprocket assembly; recording the deflection of the sensor arm 171 for a first duration; and repeating the procedure for the subsequent sprockets in the bicycle sprocket assembly.

[0141] In another embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 may: perform frequency analysis on the measured deflection of the sensor arm 171 over time to estimate the cyclist's rhythm; and modify the power output of the motor 162 based on the cyclist's rhythm. For example, in response to an estimated low cyclist rhythm (e.g., less than 70 revolutions per minute), the electronic subsystem 180 may increase the power output of the motor 162. Conversely, in response to an estimated high cyclist rhythm (e.g., greater than 100 revolutions per minute), the electronic subsystem 180 may decrease the power output of the motor 162. Thus, the electronic subsystem 180 utilizes the cyclical characteristics of the torque applied by the cyclist during each pedal stroke to estimate the cyclist's rhythm and may modify the power output of the motor 162 based on this estimated rhythm.

[0142] In another embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 can estimate the bicycle's tilt angle by calculating the lateral orientation of the frame assembly 104 via an inertial measurement unit. Based on the known orientation of the frame assembly 104 when the bicycle is on flat ground, the electronic subsystem 180 can calculate the bicycle's tilt angle and modify the power output of the motor 162 accordingly.

[0143] In another embodiment, electronic subsystem 180 may implement a recursive technique to estimate the bicycle speed based on inertial data output from the inertial measurement unit. Additionally or alternatively, electronic subsystem 180 may directly calculate the bicycle speed based on the cyclist's estimated cadence, the estimated gear selection of the bicycle, and the known wheel diameter of the bicycle. In yet another embodiment, electronic subsystem 180 may: measure the rotational speed of motor 162 (e.g., via a rotary encoder, via a Hall effect sensor near the motor, or by measuring the back electromotive force of motor 162); and estimate the bicycle speed based on the measured rotational speed of motor 162, the gear ratio between motor 162 and the bicycle wheel, and the known wheel diameter of the bicycle.

[0144] In calculating and / or estimating each of the above values, the electronic subsystem 180 can input these values ​​into a tuning function to calculate the output power of the motor 162. The electronic subsystem 180 then delivers this output power to the motor 162 and draws sufficient power from the battery assembly 106 to operate the motor 162 with this output power. In one embodiment, the electronic subsystem 180 is configured to calculate zero output power when the bicycle's speed is detected to be greater than a threshold speed, in order to comply with regulations for electric bicycles.

[0145] Therefore, the electronic subsystem 180 can be configured to: calculate the bicycle's rhythm based on the periodic deflection of the sensor arm 171; calculate the bicycle's speed via a six-axis inertial measurement unit; identify the bicycle's current gear ratio based on the bicycle's speed and rhythm; and drive the motor 162 based on the bicycle's current gear ratio.

[0146] 4.5.3 Automatic reversing pedal assist

[0147] In one implementation, the electronic subsystem 180 can perform automatic backpedaling assistance to enable a bicycle equipped with the bicycle propulsion system 100 to mimic the pedaling dynamics of a standard bicycle. Because the annular rotor assembly 102, drive subassembly, and motor 162 all exert additional resistance on the sprocket (e.g., in the form of friction or additional rotational weight) when the motor 162 is not powered, without automatic backpedaling assistance, a cyclist might be unable to pedal backwards. Therefore, upon detecting that the cyclist is no longer pedaling (e.g., based on chain tension estimated via sensor arm 171), the electronic subsystem 180 can reverse the motor 162 at a predetermined speed, thereby enabling the user to pedal backwards until a threshold rhythm corresponding to the predetermined backpedaling speed is reached.

[0148] 5. Battery Components

[0149] Usually, such as Figure 1 As shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a battery assembly 106, which is connected to (or directly integrated with) a frame assembly 104 via a power cable 182 to supply power to the electronic subsystem 180 and the motor 162. In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is configured to: be mounted within a standard bicycle bottle holder; supply power to the motor 162; and supply power to the electronic subsystem 180. In this embodiment, the battery assembly 106 also includes the power cable 182, which electrically connects the battery assembly 106 to the electronic subsystem 180 and the motor 162. Therefore, by including the battery assembly 106 mounted within a standard bicycle bottle holder, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can be more easily mounted on any bicycle that already includes a standard bottle holder.

[0150] In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a battery assembly 106, which further includes a set of modular battery packs configured to engage with each other and to be housed within a standard bicycle bottle holder. This modular battery assembly 106 allows the user to carry only the battery capacity required for the planned trip, reducing the overall weight of the bicycle propulsion system 100 based on the required capacity. In one example, the battery assembly 106 may include a set of cylindrical modular batteries configured to connect at the top and bottom of a cylinder and to slide into the standard bicycle bottle holder. Furthermore, in this example, the battery assembly 106 may include an uppermost cylindrical battery configured to engage a power cable 182 and a lowermost cylindrical battery defining a flat bottom, such that the lowermost cylindrical battery rests evenly at the bottom of the standard bicycle bottle holder. In another example, the battery assembly 106 may include an outer battery housing (e.g., in the form of a hollow cylinder) and is configured to support a set of modular batteries within the outer battery housing. In this example, the outer battery housing may include an integrated electronic battery management unit connected to each modular battery in the group to regulate the power drawn from each modular battery. The outer battery housing may be configured to secure the group of modular batteries within the housing by friction or by a set of mechanical locks or latches. Each modular battery in the group may include a concave surface on its top and a convex surface on its bottom (or vice versa) to facilitate engagement with the other modular batteries in the group. Furthermore, in this example, the uppermost modular battery in the group includes a connector or adapter configured to electrically connect the battery assembly 106 to a power cable 182.

[0151] In another embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a battery assembly 106 integrated with the frame assembly 104, or configured to be attached to a chain support, seat support, seat tube, downtube, or top tube of the bicycle. In each embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a power cable 182 of appropriate length to connect the battery assembly 106 to the frame assembly 104. Alternatively, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a battery assembly 106 directly connected to the frame assembly 104, without requiring a power cable 182.

[0152] 6. Throttle assembly

[0153] exist Figure 1In one variant shown, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a throttle assembly 108. For example, the throttle assembly 108 may include a set of buttons, and button selections may be transmitted to a controller. The controller can then: adjust the relationship between chain tension (or the cyclist's output power) and the motor's torque or power output; or turn the bicycle propulsion system 100 on and off based on these button selections. The throttle assembly 108 may additionally or alternatively display system data received from the controller, such as battery level, assist level, and / or riding statistics.

[0154] 7. Chain-link mounted variant

[0155] In one variant, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is configured to engage one or more front sprockets (i.e., chainrings) of the bicycle (as opposed to the rear cassette) to convert the bicycle into an electric-assisted bicycle when there is insufficient clearance near the rear triangle of the bicycle or mountain bike (where the cassette chainrings are above the threshold diameter). In this variant, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include an annular rotor assembly 102 and a frame assembly 104. The annular rotor assembly 102 is configured to engage the innermost chainring of the bicycle, and the frame assembly 104 is configured to rest between the seat tube and the downtube of the bicycle, or to be attached below the downtube. Alternatively, in this variant, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include the annular rotor assembly 102, which is configured to engage the outermost chainring of the bicycle. This variant of the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include the same set of components as described above with respect to the rear cassette, which alternatively defines shape factors configured to fit within the bottom bracket area of ​​the bicycle.

[0156] 8. Example

[0157] In one example, a cyclist can mount the bicycle propulsion system 100 on the right side or "drive side" of their bicycle to convert their standard (e.g., mechanical, non-electric, or human-powered) road bicycle into an electric bicycle for easier commuting or traversing more challenging terrain. The cyclist can then easily remove the bicycle propulsion system 100: to use the bicycle for exercise; to comply with local legal restrictions on electric bicycles; to prevent theft of the bicycle propulsion system 100 while parking their bicycle; or for any other reason. Similarly, the cyclist can easily reinstall the bicycle propulsion system 100 whenever they desire pedal assistance.

[0158] In another example, a bike-sharing operator can install instances of the bicycle propulsion system 100 on the right-hand or "drive-side" side of each bicycle in a fleet to electrically assist users of that fleet and improve the utility of these bicycles for commuters in the operating area. In the event of a mechanical failure of any bicycle propulsion system 100, the bike-sharing operator can remove the bicycle propulsion system 100 from the affected bicycle and replace the original bicycle propulsion system 100 with a functional one, while the original bicycle propulsion system 100 is repaired. Therefore, by installing the bicycle propulsion system 100 on the bicycle itself, rather than as a pedal assist system integrated with the bicycle, the bike-sharing operator can minimize downtime in the electric pedal assist bicycle fleet.

[0159] 9. Wheel adapter variant: Disc brake + non-drive side integration

[0160] In one variant, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is configured to be mounted to and / or around the rear disc brake rotor of a disc brake bicycle, thereby leaving the innermost sprocket idle and enabling the use of the entire freewheel assembly of the bicycle. In this variant, the motor drives the rotation of the rear disc brake, instead of the forward movement of the chain as described above.

[0161] Typically, in this variant, the bicycle propulsion system 100 can: momentarily position itself on the left side or "non-driving side" of the bicycle, opposite the chain and freewheel assembly; and engage with a rear disc brake positioned on the left side of the bicycle, such as via a hub adapter 190. Specifically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include: a hub adapter 190 configured to be non-instantaneously mounted on the rear axle of the bicycle (e.g., the rear wheel hub of the bicycle) and to apply torque to the rear axle via the bicycle's rear disc brake; a rotor configured to be momentarily coupled to the hub adapter 190; a frame assembly 104 configured to be momentarily coupled to the frame elements of the bicycle (e.g., the left chain support, the left seat support of the bicycle); and a motor arranged close to the frame elements of the bicycle and / or within the frame assembly 104 and configured to drive the rotor to generate additional torque around the rear axle of the bicycle via the rear disc brake and to assist the rider in operating the bicycle.

[0162] 9.1 Wheel adapter

[0163] like Figure 14As shown in Figures 24 and 25, the hub adapter 190 is configured to be mounted to the rear wheel hub of a bicycle. The hub adapter 190 can be semi-permanently (or “non-transiently”) attached to the rear wheel hub via a set of threaded fasteners and defines the engagement surface of the annular rotor assembly 102. The annular rotor assembly 102 momentarily engages the hub adapter 190 to enable electric bicycle propulsion. The annular rotor assembly 102 and the chassis assembly 104 are removable from the hub adapter 190 and therefore from the rear wheel hub, allowing the user to: remove and reinstall the bicycle propulsion system 100; and / or switch the bicycle propulsion system 100 from one bicycle to a second bicycle.

[0164] In one embodiment, the hub adapter 190 may define a target thickness configured to laterally offset the annular rotor assembly 102 from the rear disc brake along the rear axle, such that the annular rotor assembly 102 of the bicycle propulsion system 100 can engage with the rear disc brake to rotate the rear axle to maintain the function of the brake caliper. For example, the annular rotor assembly 102 is laterally offset from the rear disc brake by the thickness of the hub adapter 190 to avoid interference between the annular rotor assembly 102 and the brake caliper, while the brake caliper contacts the rear disc brake to slow the rotation of the rear wheel.

[0165] 9.1.1 Joining characteristics

[0166] The hub adapter 190 defines a set of engagement features (e.g., a set of sprocket teeth) configured to engage with the hub adapter 190 bracket of the annular rotor assembly 102 and to support the annular rotor assembly 102 in a closed configuration. In one embodiment, the sprocket bracket may include an angular geometry (e.g., curvature) to maintain the periphery of the annular rotor assembly 102 at a lateral offset distance from the rear disc brake. For example, the sprocket bracket may extend away from the plane defined by the annular rotor assembly 102 to contact the hub adapter 190.

[0167] 9.1.2 Segmentation

[0168] In one implementation, the hub adapter 190 may include two segments, such as Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown, these two segments are configured to surround the rear wheel hub. The hub adapter 190 defines: a front section 191, which defines a first set of threaded holes 192 distributed around the front section 191 and configured to receive a set of fasteners (e.g., pins, studs, screws) to momentarily couple the front section 191 of the hub adapter 190 to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; and a rear section 193, opposite the front section 191, which defines a through-hole 194 configured to pass through the rear axle of the bicycle's rear wheel. Thus, the hub adapter 190 is mounted to the rear wheel hub by surrounding the rear axle, and the hub adapter segments are mounted to the rear disc brake via a set of fasteners threaded through the openings in the disc brake and the threaded holes 192 of the hub adapter segments.

[0169] In one variation, the two segments of the hub adapter 190 may include connection holes configured to receive fasteners for coupling the two segments around the rear axle. In this variation, the two segments of the hub adapter 190 are fastened together around the rear axle. The hub adapter 190 may also include a visual indicator configured to: limit the orientation of the hub adapter 190 relative to the rear axle of the bicycle's rear wheel; and guide the user in installing the two segments around the rear axle.

[0170] 9.1.3 Single ring

[0171] In one embodiment, the hub adapter 190 defines a single ring configured to be mounted to a rear wheel hub and / or a rear disc brake. A through-hole 194 of the hub adapter 190 defines a diameter larger than the axle diameter and smaller than the diameter of the hub adapter 190. Therefore, the size of the through-hole 194 of the hub adapter 190 allows a user to pass it through the rear axle, which runs from the rear wheel hub on the right side of the bicycle to the chain support on the left side. For example, during installation, a user can remove the rear wheel of the bicycle and slide the hub adapter 190 onto the rear axle, passing the rear axle through the through-hole 194 of the hub adapter 190 to non-instantaneously mount the hub adapter 190 around the rear axle. The user can then couple the hub adapter 190 to the rear disc brake or rear wheel hub via a set of fasteners threaded through a set of threaded holes 192 of the hub adapter 190.

[0172] 9.2 Wheel adapter kit

[0173] In one embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a set of hub adapters 190 (and / or a set of hub adapter segments) mounting kits that define various threaded hole positions to align with the geometry of various openings and the size of the disc brakes, so as to mount the hub adapter segments around the rear axle and to the rear disc brakes.

[0174] In one variation, the rear disc brake may include a set of openings offset at a pitch angle (e.g., 30 degrees, 20 degrees). Accordingly, the front end 191 of the hub adapter 190 may define a first set of threaded holes 192 distributed around the front end 191 and offset at a pitch angle, the first set of threaded holes 192 being configured to receive a set of fasteners (e.g., pins, studs, screws) to momentarily couple the front end 191 of the hub adapter 190 to the rear disc brake of the bicycle.

[0175] In one example, the bicycle's rear disc brake may include six openings offset at a 30-degree pitch angle. In this example, the user can select a hub adapter 190 with six threaded holes 192 (or two hub adapter segments defining a total of six threaded holes 192) including a 30-degree pitch angle to align the threaded holes 192 of the two hub adapter segments with the six openings of the rear disc brake. In another example, the rear disc brake may include nine openings offset at a 20-degree pitch angle, so the user can select a hub adapter 190 including nine threaded holes 192 including a 20-degree pitch angle.

[0176] 9.2.1 Stabilizing Components

[0177] In one embodiment, the mounting kit may further include a set of stabilizing components configured to offset the annular rotor assembly 102 from the rear disc brake and align the annular rotor assembly 102 parallel to the rear disc brake. Specifically, the mounting kit may include a set of bushings configured to mount to the rear axle and define mounting surfaces for engagement (e.g., mating) with the hub adapter 190. This set of bushings may include bushings of various inner diameters to match the axle diameter of the bicycle and bushings of various outer diameters to match the diameter of the hub adapter 190. Therefore, this set of bushings allows the user to mount the hub adapter 190 to bicycles of different geometries and to stabilize the hub adapter 190 on the rear axle of the bicycle.

[0178] In one variant, the mounting kit may include a set of shims configured to be mounted to the rear disc brake and the annular rotor assembly 102. Each shim defines a thickness proportional to a target offset distance between the annular rotor assembly 102 and the rear disc brake, to offset the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the rear disc brake as described above. Each shim also defines a set of threaded holes 192 configured to receive a set of fasteners to attach the shim to the annular rotor assembly 102 and the rear disc brake (e.g., by aligning the threaded holes 192 of the shim with openings in the rear disc brake and with the threaded holes 192 of the annular rotor assembly 102). A user may install multiple shims between the rear disc brake and the annular rotor assembly 102 to align the plane of the annular rotor assembly 102 parallel to the plane of the rear disc brake. The user can then couple each shim to the rear disc brake via a set of fasteners threaded through the set of threaded holes 192 of each shim, as described above. Figure 19 As shown.

[0179] 9.3 Frame Connection

[0180] Typically, the chassis assembly 104 can be mounted to frame elements, such as the left chain support and / or left seat support of a bicycle, via a set of attachment mechanisms. In particular, the set of attachment mechanisms may include a torque arm 173, a center connector, and / or a set of clips.

[0181] In one embodiment, the frame assembly 104 is mounted to a bicycle frame element via a torque arm 173. The torque arm 173 defines a first end coupled to the frame assembly 104 and a second end configured to contact a chain support and / or a seat support, as shown below. Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown. Torque arm 173 also defines an axle extending vertically from the chassis assembly 104, which is arranged between the spokes and chain support and / or seat support of the rear wheel. The axle defines a set of relief structures configured to: rest against the chain support and / or seat support to stabilize the chassis assembly 104 by applying force to the chain support and / or seat support; and prevent the axle from vertically translating relative to the chain support and / or seat support due to torque on the chassis assembly 104 caused by motor rotation.

[0182] In one variation, the torque arm 173 includes a set of straps, hooks, or latches that otherwise secure the torque arm 173 to the bicycle's chain support and / or seat support. The user can define the position of the set of straps, hooks, or latches to align with the chain support and / or seat support of different bicycles, such as via an adjusting retaining screw that defines the position of the straps, hooks, or latches along the axis of the torque arm 173.

[0183] In another embodiment, the chassis assembly 104 is mounted to a bicycle frame element via a center connector. The center connector includes a first end coupled to the chassis assembly 104 and a second end configured to couple to the rear wheel hub. The second end of the center connector may include a hook and / or latch to attach the second end to the center axis of the hub. The center connector: defines a rigid shaft extending from the chassis assembly 104 to the rear axle; and stabilizes the bicycle propulsion system 100 relative to the rear wheel hub by defining an offset radius from the center of the shaft to the chassis assembly 104. The length of the center connector defines the offset radius to maintain the shaft away from the chassis assembly 104 by an offset radius to maintain the chassis assembly 104 aligned around the rear disc brake.

[0184] 9.4 Disc Brake Integration

[0185] In one embodiment, the annular rotor assembly 102 further includes: a first hub adapter bracket 157 extending inwardly from the first rotor element 134 and defining a first set of retaining features 153 configured to engage and retain a set of external engagement features 195 of the hub adapter 190 in a closed configuration; and a second hub adapter bracket 158 ​​extending inwardly from the first rotor element 136 and defining a second set of retaining features 153 configured to engage and retain the set of external engagement features 195 of the hub adapter 190 in a closed configuration. Furthermore, the first rotor element 134 and the first hub adapter bracket 157 extend together physically, and the first rotor element 136 and the second hub adapter 190 also extend together physically.

[0186] In one variant, the first wheel adapter bracket 157 includes: an additional set of retaining features 153 configured to insert between and engage the first subgroup of external engagement features 195 of the wheel adapter 190 in a closed configuration, and to be staggered among the first set of retaining features 153; a first set of outer retaining teeth 154 disposed on the left side of the first set of retaining features 153; and a second set of outer retaining teeth 154 disposed on the right side of the second set of retaining features 153, and configured to laterally restrict the first wheel adapter bracket 157 onto the wheel adapter 190. The second wheel adapter bracket 158 ​​includes: an additional set of retaining features 153 configured to insert between and engage the second subgroup of external engagement features 195 of the wheel adapter 190 in a closed configuration, and to be staggered between the second set of retaining features 153; a third set of outer retaining teeth 154 disposed on the left side of the second set of retaining features 153; and a fourth set of outer retaining teeth 154 disposed on the right side of the fourth set of retaining features 153, and configured to laterally restrict the second wheel adapter bracket 158 ​​onto the wheel adapter 190, as shown below. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown.

[0187] In another variation, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a central shaft to replace the through shaft of the disc brake assembly, and thus can be driven via direct power transmission between the motor 162 and the through shaft. Alternatively, the annular rotor assembly 102 may include a circular outer drive surface 132, and the bicycle propulsion system 100 may apply torque to the circular outer drive surface 132 via a drive subassembly, as described above.

[0188] In another variation, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a hub adapter 190 configured to be coupled to the rear axle of the bicycle and offset from a rear disc brake on the rear axle. The hub adapter 190: is mounted to the rear axle; defines a set of external engagement features 195 (e.g., a set of teeth) configured to abut with a set of retaining features 153 defined by the annular rotor assembly 102; is coupled to the rear wheel hub and / or the rear disc brake; and is configured to apply torque to the rear axle via the rear disc brake of the bicycle (e.g., to rotate the hub adapter 190 using the rear disc brake). The hub adapter 190: defines a target thickness; laterally offsets the annular rotor assembly 102 from the rear disc brake by this target thickness; and prevents interference or collision between the annular rotor assembly 102 and the brake caliper of the rear disc brake.

[0189] Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is configured to be mounted on multiple types of bicycles characterized by different geometries and sizes. For example, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is configured to be coupled to the sprocket on the "drive side" of a road bicycle and to the hub adapter 190 on the "non-drive side" of a mountain bike. The configurability of the bicycle propulsion system allows users to exchange individual bicycle propulsion systems 100 among a user's associated set of bicycles.

[0190] 9.5 Configuration

[0191] In the first configuration, the hub adapter 190 is removably fastened to the rear disc brake of the bicycle, and the annular rotor assembly 102 is coupled to the hub adapter 190. For example, the rear axle runs through a through-hole 194 at the rear 193 of the hub adapter 190; the front 191 of the hub adapter 190 is removably fastened to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; the annular rotor assembly 102 is concentric with the rear disc brake of the bicycle and engages with an external engagement feature 195 of the hub adapter 190; and the frame assembly 104 is coupled to the frame elements of the bicycle and is located close to the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0192] In the second configuration, the hub adapter 190 is removably fastened to the rear disc brake of the bicycle, and the annular rotor assembly 102 is mounted to both the rear disc brake and the hub adapter 190. For example, the rear axle runs through a through-hole 194 at the rear 193 of the hub adapter 190; the front 191 of the hub adapter 190 is removably fastened to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; the annular rotor assembly 102 is mounted to the rear disc brake of the bicycle and engages with an external engagement feature 195 of the hub adapter 190; and the frame assembly 104 is coupled to the frame elements of the bicycle and is located close to the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0193] 9.6 Driver Subcomponents

[0194] Furthermore, the chassis assembly 104 of the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a set of alignment rollers, similar to the set of retaining rollers 124, and removable from the chassis assembly 104 after the bicycle propulsion system 100 is installed. Each alignment roller is configured to contact the rotor within the chassis assembly 104 to align the rotor relative to the chassis assembly 104. The alignment rollers thereby prevent the rotor from rubbing against the inner surface of the chassis assembly 104 and hold the rotor within the plane of the chassis assembly 104.

[0195] In one embodiment, the first rotor elements 134 and 136 of the chassis assembly 104 form a circular outer drive surface 132 including toothed gears. These toothed gears are configured to mesh with toothed gears arranged on a motor to enable rotation of the rear axle via a rear disc brake. For example, the first rotor element 136 cooperates with the first rotor element 134 to form the circular outer drive surface 132, which includes continuous toothed gears around and concentric with the rear disc brake in an enclosed configuration; and the drive subassembly includes a corresponding toothed gear arranged on the output shaft of the motor and configured to mesh with the continuous toothed gears formed by the first rotor elements 134 and 136 in an enclosed configuration. Thus, when the motor is actuated by a controller, the toothed gears mesh to enable rotation of the rear axle via the rear disc brake.

[0196] 9.6.1 Connecting Arm

[0197] In one variant, the drive subassembly includes a link arm 165 configured to position the motor and electronic subsystem near the left chain support of the bicycle or near a bottle holder coupled to the bicycle frame. The link arm 165 includes a set of links and a connector 168 between these links.

[0198] Furthermore, the link arm 165 includes: a proximal link 166 defining a first end coupled to the frame assembly 104 and a second end coupled to a connector 168; a distal link 167 defining a third end coupled to the connector 168 and a fourth end coupled to the motor; and a connector 168, located between the proximal link 166 and the distal link 167, configured to pivot about a pivot axis (e.g., the Z-axis) orthogonal to the proximal link 166 and the distal link 167, and configured to limit movement of the articulated arm relative to the pivot axis during bicycle operation. Therefore, the link arm 165 can position the top surface of the motor and / or electronic subsystem against the bottom surface of the left chain support of the bicycle, such that the left chain support supports the total weight of the drive subassembly.

[0199] 9.6.2 Power Transmission Components

[0200] Typically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 includes a power transmission assembly 160 instead of a drive sub-assembly. The power transmission assembly 160 includes a motor and a link arm 165, which is configured to transmit torque output from the motor to a timing belt to rotate the rear axle via a first hub adapter bracket 157 and a second hub adapter bracket 158 ​​in a closed configuration. Specifically, the link arm 165 includes a set of drive pulleys and a timing belt configured to engage with a timing belt defined by a circular outer drive surface 132 of the chassis assembly 104. The timing belt of the chassis assembly 104 is defined as having a width greater than (e.g., 10 mm) of the width of the timing belt of the chassis assembly 104 in the sprocket-mounted configuration of the bicycle propulsion system 100 as described above (e.g., 20 mm).

[0201] In one embodiment, the near-end link 166 includes a first set of drive pulleys and a first timing belt configured to run between the drive pulleys and engage with a first timing belt of the base assembly 104. The far-end link 167 is mounted to the motor and includes a second set of drive pulleys and a third timing belt configured to run between the second set of drive pulleys. A connector 168 is located between the first and second links and configured to pivot an articulated arm about a pivot axis orthogonal to the first and second links.

[0202] In one variant, the link arm 165 includes: a first drive pulley near a first end of the proximal link 166; a second drive pulley near a second end of the proximal link 166; and a first timing belt configured to run between the first and second drive pulleys and engage with a circular outer drive surface 132. The link arm 165 also includes a third drive pulley near a third end of the distal link 167; a fourth drive pulley near a fourth end of the distal link 167 and coupled to the output shaft of the motor; and a second timing belt configured to engage with the third and fourth drive pulleys and transmit torque output from the motor through the first timing belt to the circular outer drive surface 132. Therefore, the power transmission assembly 160 transmits torque output from the motor through the third timing belt, through the second timing belt, and into the first timing belt to rotate the rear axle in a closed configuration via a first hub adapter bracket 157 and a second hub adapter bracket 158.

[0203] In another variation, the link arm 165 includes: a first drive shaft; a second drive shaft coupled to a motor; and a set of equal-diameter bevel gears (e.g., bevel gears, drive gears, transmission gears). This set of equal-diameter bevel gears: is pivotally coupled to the first and second drive shafts; defines shaft angles within a target shaft angle range (e.g., between 30 and 90 degrees) to offset the angles of the first and second drive shafts; and is configured to transmit torque output from the motor from the second drive shaft to the first drive shaft and into the first timing belt. Therefore, the power transmission assembly 160 transmits torque output from the motor through the second drive shaft, through the first drive shaft, and into the timing belt to rotate the rear axle in a closed configuration via a first hub adapter bracket 157 and a second hub adapter bracket 158.

[0204] 9.7 Controls

[0205] Because the bicycle propulsion system 100 is positioned on the "non-drive side" of the bicycle opposite the chain, the chain may not be close to the bicycle propulsion system 100 or located on or within the frame assembly 104 as a tension sensor. Therefore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a remote chain sensor 172 configured to: be positioned on a chain support; contact the bicycle chain; and output a signal indicating the tension on the bicycle chain.

[0206] In one embodiment, the chain sensor 172 may be: mounted along the right chain support or right seat support of the bicycle; include an angle position sensor; include a roller configured to roll on the chain; include a spring-loaded arm extending from the angle position sensor and configured to bias the roller against the upper part of the chain; and include a wired or wireless communication module configured to transmit an analog or digital signal representing the angular position of the spring-loaded arm to a controller. As described above, a large pedaling force applied by the user can increase the tension on the upper part of the chain between the front and rear sprockets, which can resist the downward force applied to the chain by the chain sensor 172 via the roller, thereby deflecting the roller upward. Therefore, the chain sensor 172 can detect this deflection and output a signal representing a change in the vertical position of the roller or the stress applied to the roller by the chain, such as a stored spring constant based on a spring coupled to the spring-loaded arm.

[0207] Furthermore, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a remote throttle assembly, such as one configured to mount the bicycle's handlebars, and transmitting a throttle signal to a controller via a wired or wireless communication protocol. The controller can then actuate the motor based on the throttle position received from the remote throttle assembly. In one example, the remote throttle includes a user-rotatable throttle lever to indicate a target output torque or target wheel speed, and outputs the throttle position of the lever to the controller. Accordingly, the controller modulates (e.g., pulse width modulation) the output torque or speed of the motor based on this throttle position.

[0208] Alternatively, the throttle assembly 108 may include a user interface, such as a display and a set of buttons. The user interface may transmit button selections to the controller. The controller may then: adjust the relationship between the motor's torque or power output; or turn the bicycle propulsion system 100 on and off based on these button selections. The throttle assembly 108 may additionally or alternatively display system data received from the controller, such as battery level, assist level, and / or riding statistics. For example, the user interface (such as a set of buttons) is coupled to the bicycle handlebars, and the controller is arranged on the link arm 165. The controller: in response to a first user input (e.g., a first button selection) via the user interface, actuates the motor to rotate the annular rotor assembly 102; and in response to a second user input (e.g., a second button selection) via the user interface, shuts off the motor to stop the rotation of the annular rotor assembly 102.

[0209] In another embodiment, the bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a pressure sensor configured to measure foot pressure on the pedals and transmit the foot pressure data to an external device (e.g., via Bluetooth to a user's smartphone). The bicycle propulsion system 100 may include a gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, and / or barometer, for example, to read the pedal position. The controller can then adjust the relationship between the motor's torque or power output based on the pedal position.

[0210] 9.8 Installation

[0211] In one example, to mount the bicycle propulsion system 100 onto a bicycle including a rear disc brake, the user can: position the two segments of the hub adapter 190 between the rear disc brake and the rear wheel; and mount the hub adapter 190 to the rear axle by placing a set of fasteners within the threaded holes 192 of the hub adapter 190. This set of fasteners connects the hub adapter 190 to the disc brake via a set of openings in the rear disc brake. In another example where the hub adapter 190 is a single-ring piece, the user can remove the rear wheel of the bicycle and slide the ring-shaped hub adapter 190 onto the rear axle between the rear disc brake and the rear wheel.

[0212] Once the hub adapter 190 is attached to the rear axle, the user can open the annular rotor assembly 102 (e.g., via a hinge connecting the components of the annular rotor assembly 102) and adapt the annular rotor assembly 102 around the hub adapter 190. The user can align the annular rotor assembly 102 such that the set retaining features 153 of each hub adapter 190 bracket of the rotor assembly engage with the external engagement features 195 of the hub adapter 190. The annular rotor assembly 102 may also include a visual indicator arranged on the first rotor element 134, configured to limit the orientation of the annular rotor assembly 102 relative to the bicycle's rear disc brake and guide the installation of the annular rotor assembly 102 onto the hub adapter 190. Accordingly, the user can close the rotor assembly (e.g., via a hinge and latch) to secure the annular rotor assembly 102 to the hub adapter 190 according to the visual indicator.

[0213] 10. Wheel adapter variant: front wheel integration

[0214] Typically, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is described herein as being configured to: momentarily position itself on the left side or "non-drive side" of the bicycle, opposite the chain and freewheel assembly; and engage with a rear disc brake positioned on the left side of the bicycle, such as via a hub adapter 190. The hub adapter 190 is configured to be non-momentarily mounted on the rear axle of the bicycle (e.g., the rear wheel hub of the bicycle) and to apply torque to the rear axle via the rear disc brake of the bicycle.

[0215] However, the bicycle propulsion system 100 is additionally or alternatively configured to: momentarily position itself on the left side or "non-drive side" of the bicycle, opposite the chain and freewheel assembly; and engage with the front wheel hub and / or front disc brake positioned on the left side of the bicycle, such as via hub adapter 190. Hub adapter 190 is configured to be non-momentarily mounted on the front axle of the bicycle (e.g., the front wheel hub) and to apply torque to the front axle via the bicycle's front disc brake.

[0216] The systems and methods described herein can be at least partially embodied and / or implemented as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. These instructions can be executed by a computer-executable component integrating hardware / firmware / software elements of an application, app, host, server, network, website, communication service, communication interface, user computer or mobile device, wristband, smartphone, or any suitable combination thereof. Other systems and methods of the embodiments can be at least partially embodied and / or implemented as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. These instructions can be executed by a computer-executable component integrated with devices and networks of the types described above. The computer-readable medium can be stored on any suitable computer-readable medium, such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EEPROM, optical devices (CD or DVD), hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, or any suitable device. The computer-executable component can be a processor, but any suitable dedicated hardware device can also (alternatively or additionally) execute the instructions.

[0217] As those skilled in the art will recognize from the preceding detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the claims, modifications and alterations can be made to embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims

1. A bicycle propulsion system, characterized in that, include: Wheel hub adapter, the wheel hub adapter: Defines a set of external joining features; and It is configured to be mounted on the rear axle of a bicycle in a non-instantaneous manner, and to apply torque to the rear axle via the rear disc brake of the bicycle; The annular rotor assembly: It is operable in both open and closed configurations; and include: First rotor element; A second rotor element, which cooperates with the first rotor element to form a circular outer drive surface around the rear disc brake in the closed configuration; First wheel hub adapter bracket, first wheel hub adapter bracket: Extending inward from the first rotor element; and Define a first set of retaining features, the first set of retaining features being configured to engage and retain the set of external engagement features of the hub adapter in the closed configuration; and Second wheel hub adapter bracket, second wheel hub adapter bracket: Extending inward from the second rotor element; and Define a second set of retaining features, the second set of retaining features being configured to engage and retain the set of external engagement features of the hub adapter in the closed configuration; and The base frame assembly, wherein the base frame assembly: Frame elements configured to be momentarily coupled to the bicycle; Includes a retaining sub-assembly configured to position the annular rotor assembly relative to the base assembly in the enclosed configuration; Including motors; and Includes a drive sub-assembly configured to transmit torque output by the motor to the circular outer drive surface formed by the first rotor element and the second rotor element in the enclosed configuration to rotate the rear axle via the first hub adapter bracket and the second hub adapter bracket.

2. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, Its features are: in, In the enclosed configuration, the first rotor element and the second rotor element form the outer drive surface, which defines a continuous timing belt pulley; The base frame assembly defines a semi-circular clearance structure configured to receive a smaller-than-normal arc length of the circular outer drive surface defined by the first and second rotor elements in the enclosed configuration; and The driving sub-component includes: A set of drive rollers, the set of drive rollers being adjacent to the semi-circular clearance structure; A drive pulley, the drive pulley being mounted to the motor; and Timing band, the timing band being configured as follows: Engages with the drive pulley; It runs on the set of drive belt rollers; Engages with the external drive surface; and The torque output by the motor is transmitted to the circular outer drive surface.

3. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The second rotor element cooperates with the first rotor element to form a first running surface on a first side of the circular outer drive surface in the closed configuration, and a second running surface on a second side of the circular outer drive surface; and The retaining sub-assembly includes a set of outer retaining rollers, wherein the set of outer retaining rollers: Adjacent to the semi-circular avoidance structure; and Configured to roll on the first and second running surfaces of the annular rotor assembly to laterally and longitudinally restrict the annular rotor assembly relative to the base assembly in the enclosed configuration.

4. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, Its features are: Wherein, the first rotor element: Limited to the first end; The second end is defined as being opposite to the first end; and Including the latch pin near the second end; and Wherein, the second rotor element: Define a third end that is pivotally coupled to the first end of the first rotor element; Define a fourth end opposite to the third end; and Includes a latch, the latch being: Near the fourth end; and It is configured to engage the latch pin to retain the first rotor element and the second rotor element in the closed configuration.

5. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 4, characterized in that, in, The first rotor element pivots on the second rotor element to switch the annular rotor assembly from the closed configuration to the open configuration, in which the first hub adapter bracket and the second hub adapter bracket are disengaged from the hub adapter.

6. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The first rotor element and the first hub adapter bracket extend together physically; and The second rotor element and the second hub adapter bracket extend together physically.

7. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The first rotor element spans a first arc segment of a first arc length; and Wherein, the second rotor element: The second arc segment spanning the length of the second arc; and In the enclosed configuration, it cooperates with the first rotor element to form a continuous loop concentric with the rear disc brake.

8. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The second rotor element cooperates with the first rotor element to form the circular outer drive surface in the enclosed configuration, the circular outer drive surface including a continuous toothed gear around and concentric with the rear disc brake; and The drive sub-assembly includes a toothed gear, wherein the toothed gear: Arranged on the output shaft of the motor; and It is configured to mesh with the continuous toothed gear formed by the first rotor element and the second rotor element in the closed configuration.

9. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driver sub-component includes: Link arm, the link arm comprising: Near-end link, wherein the near-end link is limited to: Coupled to the first end of the base frame assembly; and Coupled to the second end of the connector; The remote link is defined as follows: Coupled to the third end of the connector; and Coupled to the fourth terminal of the motor; and The connector, the connector: Located between the near-end link and the far-end link; Configured to pivot about a pivot axis orthogonal to the near-end link and the far-end link; and It is configured to limit the movement of the articulated arm relative to the pivot axis during operation of the bicycle.

10. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 9, Its features are: in, The near-end link includes: The first drive pulley is located near the first end; The second drive pulley near the second end; and First timing band, the first timing band is configured as follows: It operates between the first drive pulley and the second drive pulley; and Engages with the circular outer drive surface; and The remote link includes: The third drive pulley is located near the third end; A fourth drive pulley located near the fourth end and coupled to the output shaft of the motor; and The second timing band is configured as follows: Engages with the third drive pulley and the fourth drive pulley; and The torque output by the motor is transmitted to the circular outer drive surface through the first timing belt.

11. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, Its features are: in, The first hub adapter bracket includes: The third set of preserved features, the third set of preserved features: Configured to be inserted between the first subgroup external engagement features of the hub adapter in the closed configuration, and to engage the first subgroup external engagement features; and The features in the first group are interleaved; The first set of lateral retaining teeth is arranged on the left side of the first set of retaining features; and The second set of outer retaining teeth: It is arranged to the right of the second set of retaining features; and Configured to laterally constrain the first hub adapter bracket on the hub adapter; and The second wheel hub adapter bracket includes: The fourth set of preserved features, wherein the fourth set of preserved features is: The hub adapter is configured to be inserted between the outer engagement features of the second subgroup, which are different from the engagement features of the first subgroup, in the closed configuration, and to engage the outer engagement features of the second subgroup; and The features in the second group are interleaved; A third set of lateral retaining teeth, the third set of lateral retaining teeth being arranged on the left side of the second set of retaining features; and The fourth set of outer retaining teeth: It is arranged on the right side of the fourth set of retaining features; and It is configured to laterally restrict the second hub adapter bracket on the hub adapter.

12. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, Its features are: The rear disc brake of the bicycle is defined by a set of openings offset by a pitch angle; and The hub adapter is defined as follows: The first set of threaded holes is defined in front of the first set of threaded holes: Distributed along the front; Offset by the pitch angle; and Configured to receive a set of fasteners to momentarily couple the front of the hub adapter to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; and The following, the following: Contrary to what was said above; and A through hole is defined, the through hole being configured to pass through the rear axle of the rear wheel of the bicycle.

13. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 12, Its features are: In the first configuration: The rear axle runs through the through-hole behind the hub adapter; The front of the hub adapter is removably fastened to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; The annular rotor assembly is concentric with the rear disc brake of the bicycle and engages with the external engagement feature of the hub adapter; and The chassis assembly is coupled to the frame elements of the bicycle and is located near the annular rotor assembly; and In the second configuration: The rear axle passes through the through hole behind the hub adapter; The front of the hub adapter is removably fastened to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; The annular rotor assembly is mounted to the rear disc brake of the bicycle and engages with the external engagement feature of the hub adapter; and The chassis assembly is coupled to the frame element of the bicycle and is located near the annular rotor assembly.

14. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, Its features are: Wherein, the first rotor element defines a first visual indicator, the first visual indicator being configured to limit a first orientation of the annular rotor assembly relative to the rear disc brake of the bicycle; and The hub adapter defines a second visual indicator configured to limit a second orientation of the hub adapter relative to the rear axle of the rear wheel of the bicycle.

15. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 1, Its features are: The hub adapter is defined as follows: First diameter and first thickness; and Through hole, the through hole: A second diameter smaller than the first diameter is defined; and Configured to pass through the rear axle, which runs from the rear wheel hub on the right side of the bicycle to the chain support on the left side of the bicycle; and The annular rotor assembly is laterally offset from the first thickness of the hub adapter to prevent collision between the annular rotor assembly and the brake caliper of the rear disc brake.

16. A bicycle propulsion system, characterized in that, include: A hub adapter configured to be mounted non-instantaneously on the rear axle of a bicycle and to apply torque to the rear axle via the rear disc brake of the bicycle; The annular rotor assembly: It is operable in both open and closed configurations; and include: First rotor element; A second rotor element, which cooperates with the first rotor element to form a circular outer drive surface around the rear axle in the closed configuration, the circular outer drive surface defining a timing band; A first hub adapter bracket, inserted from the first rotor element, coupled to the first rotor element, and configured to engage the hub adapter in the closed configuration; and A second hub adapter bracket is inserted from the second rotor element, coupled to the second rotor element, and configured to engage the hub adapter in the closed configuration; A rotor retainer configured to momentarily couple to a frame element of the bicycle and, in the enclosed configuration, position the annular rotor assembly relative to the frame element of the bicycle; and The power transmission assembly, wherein the power transmission assembly: Includes a motor, which is located near the frame element of the bicycle; Includes a link arm, which is mounted to the motor and configured to engage with the timing belt; and It is configured to transmit the torque output by the motor to the timing belt to rotate the rear axle via the first hub adapter bracket and the second hub adapter bracket in the closed configuration.

17. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The link arm includes: First drive shaft; A second drive shaft, the second drive shaft being coupled to the motor; and A set of equal-diameter bevel gears, wherein the set of equal-diameter bevel gears: It can be pivotally coupled to the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft; Define the axis angle within the target axis angle range to offset the angles of the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft; and It is configured to transmit the torque output by the motor from the second drive shaft to the first drive shaft and into the first timing belt.

18. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 16, Its features are: in, The link arm includes: The first link includes: A set of drive pulleys; and A second timing belt is configured to run between the set of drive pulleys and engage with the first timing belt; Second link, second link: It is installed on the motor; Including a second set of drive pulleys; and Includes a third timing belt, which is configured to operate between the second set of drive pulleys; and A connector, located between the first link and the second link, and configured to pivot the link arm about a pivot axis orthogonal to the first link and the second link; and The power transmission assembly is configured to transmit torque output by the motor through the third timing belt, through the second timing belt, and into the first timing belt to rotate the rear axle in the closed configuration via the first hub adapter bracket and the second hub adapter bracket.

19. The bicycle propulsion system according to claim 16, characterized in that: It also includes a user interface coupled to the handlebars of the bicycle; and The power transmission component further includes a controller, wherein the controller: Arranged on the connecting arm; and Configured as: In response to a first user input via the user interface, the motor is actuated to rotate the annular rotor assembly; and In response to a second user input via the user interface, the motor is shut off to stop the rotation of the annular rotor assembly.

20. A bicycle propulsion system, characterized in that, include: A hub adapter configured to be non-instantaneously mounted on the front axle of a bicycle and to apply torque to the front axle; First rotor element; The second rotor element cooperates with the first rotor element to: In a closed configuration, a circular outer drive surface is formed around the front disc brake of the bicycle; and In an open configuration, it is decoupled from the front disc brake; A first hub adapter bracket is inserted from the first rotor element, coupled to the first rotor element, and configured to engage the hub adapter in the closed configuration; A second hub adapter bracket is inserted from the second rotor element, coupled to the second rotor element, and configured to engage the hub adapter in the closed configuration; A rotor retainer is disposed on the base frame and configured to position the first rotor element and the second rotor element relative to the base frame in the enclosed configuration; An electric motor, which is mounted to the base frame; as well as The driver component, the driver component: It is arranged on the base frame; and Configured to transmit torque output by the motor to the circular outer drive surface formed by the first rotor element and the second rotor element in the enclosed configuration, so as to rotate the front axle via the first hub adapter bracket and the second hub adapter bracket.

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