A saline-alkali grassland root cutting forced fertilization and vibration subsoiling combined operation machine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of saline-alkali grassland root cutting forced fertilization and vibration deep loosening combined operation machine, to solve the problem of difficult into the soil root cutting, blanking, bottom salt turning and turning tearing turf etc..The machine tool includes rack, power transmission system, conditioning agent forced discharge system, active root cutting slit system, horizontal vibration deep loosening system and profiling covering and pressing system.Among them, active root cutting cutter disc cuts off stem to release top inhibition and prevent turf lifting;Double-stage auger forced discharge system realizes anti-blocking accurate blanking;Horizontal vibration deep loosening system based on eccentric lever principle realizes three-dimensional mixing while avoiding bottom salt turning;Ackerman follow-up steering chassis eliminates side slip to protect turf;Power system supports stepless speed matching.The application realizes minimally invasive, conservation, anti-blocking operation closed loop, significantly improves the efficiency of saline-alkali grassland in-situ improvement, and has important value for degraded grassland ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a combined operation machine for root cutting and forced fertilization and vibration deep loosening in saline-alkali grasslands. Background Technology

[0002] In areas like the Songnen Plain, soda-saline-alkali grasslands are severely degraded. Due to severe soil compaction, poor permeability, and nutrient deficiency, the underground rhizomes of dominant species such as Leymus chinensis age, asexual tillering is inhibited, and grassland productivity and ecological stability continue to decline. Using agricultural machinery for root cutting, deep loosening, and application of conditioners are currently recognized as effective methods for grassland ecological restoration. However, for saline-alkali grasslands characterized by "hard soil, tough roots, and fragile ecology," existing improvement machinery (such as traditional wheat vibratory deep loosening machines or high-compactness grassland conditioners) faces many technical challenges in practical operation. Firstly, regarding root cutting to promote growth, the surface of saline-alkali grasslands is hard, and the roots of Leymus chinensis are densely intertwined and highly resilient. Existing machinery mostly uses passive corrugated cutting discs, which often rely on the machine's own weight to penetrate the soil. This results in problems such as difficulty in penetration and insufficient cutting angle leading to severe root entanglement. Consequently, it cannot effectively cut the underground horizontal rhizomes, and therefore cannot relieve the plant's apical inhibition to induce axillary bud germination (i.e., it cannot achieve "promoting growth through cutting"), seriously affecting the improvement effect.

[0003] Secondly, regarding fertilizer application, soil conditioners and fertilizer particles in saline-alkali soils are small and easily absorb moisture, stick together, and clump in the high-humidity environment of the field. Existing external grooved wheel fertilizer dispensers or gravity-fed fertilizer dispensers driven by ground wheels are prone to "bridging" and blockage when conveying such conditioners, making it impossible to guarantee the continuity and precise placement of deep in-situ application.

[0004] Finally, in terms of deep tillage and ecological protection, most existing vibratory deep tillage machines use eccentric wheels to drive the deep tillage shovel to generate "vertical vibration". This operation method is accompanied by strong vertical throwing and disturbance, which can easily cause deep subsoil and salt to be turned to the surface (i.e., "bottom salt turning"). Deep tillage machines that use a two-stage blade lifting structure will also tear up the fragile surface turf and vegetation on a large scale during the slight arching and falling of the soil layer, accelerating the ineffective evaporation of soil moisture.

[0005] Therefore, the invention of a composite machine for root cutting and vibratory deep loosening of saline-alkali grassland that can powerfully and actively cut lateral roots to promote growth, use a two-stage auger to prevent blockage and force precise feeding, and has the characteristics of horizontal minimally invasive and low-disturbance deep loosening has extremely important practical significance and ecological value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that existing improved machinery has problems such as difficulty in cutting roots in the soil, easy blockage of pesticides, high resistance to deep loosening and easy to cause salt turning in the bottom layer when operating on saline-alkali grassland. The present invention provides a composite machine for forced root cutting and fertilization and vibratory deep loosening on saline-alkali grassland.

[0007] A composite machine for forced root cutting and fertilization and vibratory deep loosening of saline-alkali grassland includes a frame, a power transmission system, a conditioner forced discharge system, an active root cutting and slit opening system, a horizontal vibratory deep loosening system, and a contour-following soil covering and compaction system.

[0008] The frame serves as the supporting base for the combined operation machine of root cutting and forced fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grasslands; the power transmission system is located at the front and lower part of the frame and is fixed to the frame by bolts; the conditioner forced discharge system is installed at the upper middle and rear end of the frame; the active root cutting and slit opening system, the horizontal vibratory deep tillage system, and the contour covering and compaction system are arranged in sequence along the direction of machine movement, installed at the lower part of the frame, and connected to the bottom crossbeam of the frame by bolts and fixing brackets.

[0009] The frame is a welded assembly, including an upper frame, a lower frame, follow-up wheels, a root cutting system fixing frame, a deep tillage system fixing frame, a soil covering system fixing frame, a rear discharge transmission guard, a fertilizer box, and a front transmission guard.

[0010] The upper frame, located on top, serves as the load-bearing framework for the main working components. The lower frame, situated below the upper frame, is connected to the tractor at its front end via a two-point traction suspension and at its rear end to the two side-mounted ground wheels. The front ends of the upper and lower frames are hinged together by frame hinge pins. The ground wheels are mounted on the rear end of the lower frame via ground wheel connecting beams. The root cutting system mounting bracket, deep tillage system mounting bracket, and soil covering system mounting bracket are welded to the bottom of the upper frame for mounting their respective operating systems. The fertilizer bin is bolted to the upper support beam of the upper frame. The front transmission protective cover and the rear discharge transmission protective cover cover the outside of the power transmission system, providing safety protection.

[0011] The frame also includes a traction and lifting system and a follow-up steering system. The traction and lifting system includes a two-point traction suspension frame, a frame hinge pin, a ground wheel connecting beam, an upper frame support beam, and a hydraulic lifting device.

[0012] The two-point traction suspension is located at the front end of the frame and is used to connect with the tractor's power end; the frame hinge pin passes through the front connection between the upper and lower frames, so that the upper and lower frames form a single-point hinge structure that can be opened and closed relative to each other.

[0013] The ground wheel connecting beam is fastened to the rear section of the lower frame by a U-shaped screw, and its two ends are connected to the follower ground wheels; the upper frame support beam is welded between the upper frames at the corresponding positions; the hydraulic lifting device is a two-way hydraulic cylinder, the upper end of which is hinged to the fixed lug of the upper frame support beam by a pin, and the lower end is hinged to the fixed lug of the ground wheel connecting beam by a pin.

[0014] The follow-up steering system is located under the chassis and includes a longitudinal steering tie rod, a first steering knuckle arm, a steering tie rod, and a second steering knuckle arm.

[0015] The front end of the longitudinal steering tie rod is hinged to the rear side of the two-point traction suspension frame, and the rear end is hinged to one end of the first steering knuckle arm; the middle part of the first steering knuckle arm is mounted on one end of the ground wheel connecting beam via a pin, and its other end is connected to and controls the follower ground wheel on one side; one end of the steering tie rod is hinged to the rear part of the first steering knuckle arm, and the other end is hinged to the second steering knuckle arm; the second steering knuckle arm is correspondingly mounted on the other end of the ground wheel connecting beam and is used to control the follower ground wheel on the other side.

[0016] The power transmission system, as the power distribution hub of the machine, includes the main power input end, chain tensioning device, left front transition sprocket, left inner discharge sprocket, left outer discharge sprocket, horizontal conveying auger shaft, vertical forced discharge auger shaft, tail end drive sprocket, discharge vertical reversing box, eccentric vibration mechanism, deep loosening main reversing box, chain coupling, root cutting main reversing box, root cutting power grading reversing box, main drive shaft, right outer discharge sprocket, right inner discharge sprocket, and right front transition sprocket.

[0017] To maximize protection of the fragile saline-alkali turf from physical tearing, the follow-up steering system in this embodiment strictly adheres to the Ackermann steering geometry principle. In the design of the four-bar linkage, the initial inclination angle of the first and second steering knuckle arms is set to 10°~15°. When the tractor drives the two-point traction suspension to deflect, this linkage mechanism ensures from a purely kinematic perspective that the deflection angle of the inner follow-up wheel is always automatically greater than that of the outer follow-up wheel. This non-standard linkage angle setting allows the turning centers of the wheels on both sides of the implement to converge at the same point with the turning center of the rear wheel of the tractor in front, thus ensuring that the wheels are in a pure rolling state at any turning radius, completely eliminating the lateral slip resistance and damage to the turf generated by traditional rigid wheels when turning at the edge of the field.

[0018] The main power input end is located at the front of the frame and is connected to the tractor's rear power take-off (PTO) shaft via a universal joint drive shaft to receive external power. A double-row drive sprocket is coaxially fixed to the front of the main power input end, and coaxially connected to the main drive shaft at the rear.

[0019] The double-row sprocket at the front of the main power input end transmits power to the left front transition sprocket and the right front transition sprocket on the left and right sides respectively via a double-row chain. The left front transition sprocket outputs power coaxially backward, serving as the next-stage drive wheel, and drives the left inner discharge sprocket and the left outer discharge sprocket respectively via a single-row chain. Similarly, the right front transition sprocket drives the right outer discharge sprocket and the right inner discharge sprocket via a single-row chain. Each of the single-row chain loops transmitting power to the inner and outer discharge sprockets is equipped with a chain tensioning device to compensate for chain slack and ensure the smoothness of the chain drive.

[0020] The left inner discharge sprocket, left outer discharge sprocket, right outer discharge sprocket, and right inner discharge sprocket are coaxially connected to the front ends of four horizontal conveying auger shafts. At the tail end of each horizontal conveying auger shaft, a tail drive sprocket is coaxially fixed. The tail drive sprocket transmits power to the upper vertical discharge deflector via an upward chain drive; the vertical discharge deflector converts the horizontal rotational power into a downward rotational power, driving the lower vertical forced discharge auger shaft.

[0021] The main drive shaft transmits the power from the main power input end to the rear of the machine. The main drive shaft first passes through the root cutting main reversing box, which is a bevel gear reversing box, converting the longitudinal rotational power into lateral output. The lateral output shaft connects to and drives four root cutting power stage reversing boxes, which again change the power direction to vertical downward transmission. At the end of the transmission, the root cutting right-angle reversing box converts the vertical rotation back into lateral rotation, thereby driving the active root cutting cutter head under the chassis to rotate at high speed.

[0022] The main drive shaft extends rearward after passing through the root cutting main steering gearbox and enters the deep loosening main steering gearbox. The deep loosening main steering gearbox is also a bevel gear steering gearbox, converting power into lateral rotational output. An eccentric vibration mechanism is installed on the lateral output shaft section, and the rear side of the eccentric vibration mechanism is connected to the deep loosening shovel via an eccentric connecting rod seat. Furthermore, on the lateral drive shafts of both the root cutting and deep loosening main steering gearboxes, corresponding segments are flexibly connected using chain couplings to enhance the concentricity and reliability of the long shaft drive.

[0023] The forced discharge system for conditioners is installed in the middle and rear of the upper frame. It is mainly used to solve the problems of conditioners in saline-alkali land easily absorbing moisture and clumping, and poor discharge, so as to achieve precise in-situ application. The system mainly includes: a V-shaped guide chute, a horizontal conveying auger shaft, horizontal conveying auger blades, a fertilizer transfer box, a vertical forced discharge auger shaft, vertical forced discharge auger blades, a discharge guide pipe, and a duckbill-type discharge port.

[0024] The V-shaped feed troughs are arranged horizontally side by side at the bottom of the fertilizer box. Their inclined side walls guide the conditioner to slide naturally down to the auger at the bottom by its own weight, thus avoiding dead corners and material accumulation inside the fertilizer box.

[0025] A horizontal conveying auger shaft is positioned across the bottom of the V-shaped guide chute, with horizontal conveying auger blades welded to its outer side. The horizontal conveying auger shaft is driven to rotate by a power transmission system.

[0026] The fertilizer transfer box is installed at the discharge side of the V-shaped feed chute, and the end of the horizontal conveyor auger shaft extends into the fertilizer transfer box. The fertilizer transfer box serves to prevent material from flying away and to collect the material, ensuring that the conditioner is completely introduced into the discharge channel below. The discharge conduit is installed vertically below the bottom discharge port of the fertilizer transfer box, strictly controlling the discharge trajectory within the conduit.

[0027] The vertical forced discharge auger shaft is coaxially installed inside the discharge guide tube, and vertical forced discharge auger blades are welded to its outer edge. The top of the vertical forced discharge auger shaft is connected to the discharge vertical deflector box of the power transmission system.

[0028] The duckbill-shaped discharge port is located at the bottom of the discharge conduit. Its discharge cross-section is flat, and the width of this cross-section matches the narrow soil slits opened by the active root cutting disc in front, ensuring that the conditioner enters the slits precisely.

[0029] The active root cutting and slotting system is installed at the bottom of the frame, behind the forced discharge system of the conditioner. It is mainly used to cut the surface roots of saline-alkali grassland and pre-cut shallow slots for subsequent conditioner application. The system includes: root cutting main reversing box housing, cross bevel gear set, protective bushing, cutter tube linkage fixing bracket, root cutting right angle reversing box, hexagonal power output shaft, hexagonal mating bushing, and active root cutting cutter disc.

[0030] The main deflector housing is bolted to the crossbeam of the frame and contains a cross bevel gear set, which is a cross-shaped bevel gear structure. Its main function is to divert the longitudinal rotational power input from the main drive shaft: one path continues to be transmitted to the main deflector housing of the deep loosening system in the form of longitudinal rotation; the other path is converted into lateral rotation and distributed to the drive shafts on the left and right sides.

[0031] The protective bushing is a hollow steel pipe, installed vertically downwards at the bottom of the power grader gearbox, enclosing the downward-facing drive shaft and serving to support it and prevent grass from getting tangled.

[0032] One end of the blade linkage fixing bracket is welded to the rear side of the protective bushing, and the other end is fixedly connected to the discharge conduit of the conditioner forced discharge system. This design forms an integrated rigid structure, ensuring that the working trajectory of the active root cutting blade and the discharge trajectory of the discharge conduit are always on the same longitudinal straight line.

[0033] To achieve precise in-situ application immediately after cutting narrow slits, this embodiment imposes strict parameter limitations on the duckbill-type discharge port and the linkage distance. Since the width of the shallow slits cut by the active root-cutting cutter disc is typically between 15mm and 25mm, the duckbill-type discharge port is designed with an extremely flat and streamlined shape to ensure smooth insertion into the slit without scraping soil. Its maximum external width is limited to 10mm to 15mm. Simultaneously, the length of the cutter tube linkage fixing frame is precisely calculated, maintaining the longitudinal axis distance between the cutter disc's cutting landing point and the discharge landing point between 150mm and 250mm. This extremely short safety axis distance, combined with the rigid linkage structure, ensures that when the machine moves at a speed of 3 to 6 km / h, the conditioner is instantly forced into the bottom of the newly cut narrow soil slit by the vertical forced discharge auger shaft before it collapses and closes under its own weight, completely eliminating material waste from spilling onto the surface.

[0034] The right-angle reversing gearbox for root cutting is mounted at the bottom of the protective bushing. The lateral output end of the gearbox uses a hexagonal power output shaft; a matching hexagonal bushing is welded to the center of the active root cutting cutter head. The hexagonal power output shaft and the hexagonal bushing are interlocked and secured with end bolts to prevent disengagement. This hexagonal transmission structure can withstand the high-frequency impact and high-torque load from the high-hardness soil of saline-alkali land, avoiding the problem of easy failure in traditional keyway connections.

[0035] To perfectly handle the extremely high soil firmness of saline-alkali grasslands and the strong toughness of Leymus chinensis roots, in this embodiment, the active root-cutting disc is integrally stamped and heat-treated from wear-resistant alloy steel, with a disc diameter set at 400mm to 500mm. Its outer edge is surrounded by a wavy double-sided cutting edge, with a cutting angle precisely set at 20° to 30°. This combination of arc and angle ensures both sharp cutting ability against horizontally spreading roots below the ground and sufficient wear resistance. Through a matched power transmission ratio, the rotation speed of the active root-cutting disc is stabilized between 400r / min and 600r / min, creating a kerf depth of 50mm to 100mm on the ground surface, completely severing shallow roots and reserving a standard narrow slit space for material discharge at the rear outlet.

[0036] The horizontal vibration subsoiling system is installed at the bottom of the frame, directly behind the conditioner forced discharge system. It is primarily used to break up the compacted subsoil layer in saline-alkali land and utilize vibration to mix the conditioner that falls into the shallow cracks with the deeper soil layers in situ. The system mainly includes: a subsoiling main steering gearbox housing, a right-angle bevel gear set, a main bearing support, an eccentric shaft, an eccentric bearing, an eccentric transmission collar, a dustproof seal, a support bearing, an eccentric connecting rod seat, a subsoiling shovel hinge support, a subsoiling shovel handle, and a wing-shaped shovel tip.

[0037] The housing of the deep-soil main changer is fixed on the frame crossbeam, and the right-angle bevel gear set inside converts longitudinal power into lateral rotational output.

[0038] The eccentric shaft is coaxially connected to the transverse output end. A main bearing support is installed on the outside of the concentric section of the eccentric shaft. The main bearing support is fixed to the frame beam by bolts to withstand the radial impact force generated by the eccentric mechanism and prevent the drive shaft from deflecting.

[0039] Outside the eccentric section of the eccentric shaft, a support bearing, an eccentric bearing, and an eccentric transmission collar are nested in sequence. Dustproof seals are encapsulated on both sides of the bearing assembly to prevent high-intensity dust and silt from the field from entering the interior.

[0040] One end of the eccentric connecting rod seat is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the eccentric transmission collar, and the other end is hinged to the top of the deep loosening shovel handle by a pin, serving as the input node for vibration power.

[0041] One end of the subsoil shovel hinge support is fixed to the bottom crossbeam of the frame, and the other end is hinged to the middle of the subsoil shovel handle, serving as a fixed fulcrum for the subsoil shovel handle to swing back and forth.

[0042] The deep tillage shovel handle extends vertically downwards, with a wing-shaped tip welded to its bottom. The wing-shaped tip features a widened chisel or wing-shaped structure, designed to increase the extent of disturbance to the subsoil.

[0043] In terms of parameter settings for the vibration structure, this embodiment provides precise geometric constraints on the eccentricity and lever mechanism. The eccentricity of the eccentric shaft is set to 8mm to 12mm. The deep tillage shovel handle uses the deep tillage shovel hinge support as the mechanical fulcrum, and the lever length ratio between the upper force arm and the lower working arm is set to between 1:2 and 1:2.5. When the machine is working, the power-driven eccentric shaft is converted into a linear reciprocating stroke of 16mm to 24mm at the top of the eccentric connecting rod seat. After being amplified by the lever, the bottom wing-shaped shovel tip generates a high-frequency horizontal back-and-forth vibration with an amplitude of 32mm to 60mm and a vibration frequency of 8Hz to 15Hz at a deep tillage depth of 250mm to 350mm. This specific combination of vibration frequency and amplitude enables the compacted saline-alkali soil to undergo brittle fracture under horizontal shear force, completely preventing the upturning of the subsoil.

[0044] Meanwhile, the subsoil tillage shovel itself has also undergone drag reduction and contour optimization. The streamlined cutting edge wedge angle on the front side of the shovel handle is set at 35° to 45°, significantly reducing cutting resistance; the wing-shaped tip at the bottom has a wingspan of 180mm to 240mm, with an entry angle of 10° to 15° and a lifting surface inclination angle of 12° to 18°. These specific geometric inclination angles cause hard soil to experience a slight lift and rapid fall as the wing surface sweeps over it, uniformly mixing the conditioner in the gaps into the deep soil network without disrupting the surface vegetation layer.

[0045] The contour-following soil compaction system is installed at the very end of the frame, directly behind the horizontal vibratory deep loosening system. It is mainly used to close and compact the soil cracks formed after deep loosening and burying. The system mainly includes: a soil-fixing crossbeam, a V-shaped soil-covering wheel, a frame connecting seat, a suspension shell, a limit adjustment handle and a swing arm assembly, and a compaction contour spring.

[0046] The frame connecting seat is fixed on the soil-covering fixing beam; the suspension shell is installed on the frame connecting seat, and stepped adjustment tooth plates are provided on both sides inside, with a compression conforming spring arranged longitudinally in the hollow area inside.

[0047] The limit adjustment handle and the swing arm assembly are installed inside the suspension housing and can be adjusted by relative sliding. The upper handle is equipped with a locking pin that cooperates with the stepped adjustment tooth plate, and the lower swing arm is equipped with two disc-shaped V-shaped soil covering wheels that are obliquely mounted on the wheel axle. The running surfaces of the two V-shaped soil covering wheels are arranged in a "V" shape with an inward angle.

[0048] The compression spring is an external tension spring structure. One end of it is attached to the hole reserved on the frame connecting seat, and the other end is attached to the hole reserved on the limit adjustment handle and the swing arm assembly, providing them with a continuous downward flexible compression force.

[0049] To achieve optimal crack closing and compaction, the two V-shaped soil-covering wheels are made of thick-walled steel plates, with a single disc diameter of 300mm~400mm. Their axles are not installed horizontally, but rather at a specific angle of 15°~25° to the horizontal plane. This inclined layout creates a wedge-shaped cavity for soil accumulation, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom: the lateral distance between the two wheels at the lowest point (ground contact point) is only 30mm~50mm, while the distance at the highest point is 120mm~180mm. When the machine is in operation, the two V-shaped soil-covering wheels roll across the crack on both sides. The specific inward inclination angle transforms the downward compaction pressure of the machine into a powerful lateral centripetal extrusion force, forcibly pushing and converging the loose soil on both sides towards the central crack, effectively blocking the moisture evaporation channels.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0051] 1. An anti-tangling active root-cutting disc is used to forcefully cut the intertwined horizontal roots and rhizomes of sheepgrass under the ground surface using a high-impact hexagonal transmission. This biologically relieves the plant's apical inhibition and induces axillary bud germination. At the same time, it cuts off the soil root network in advance, avoiding the damage caused by the turf being lifted up along with the roots during subsequent deep loosening.

[0052] 2. A dual-stage auger discharge system with horizontal conveying and vertical forced extrusion was designed. The rotating blades completely destroyed the "bridging" blockage caused by moisture absorption and clumping of the conditioner in saline-alkali soil. Combined with the limiting effect of the blade linkage fixing frame, the conditioner was precisely and forcefully discharged into the depths of narrow gaps, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of fertilization.

[0053] 3. The horizontal vibration deep loosening system designed based on the eccentric lever principle amplifies the eccentric displacement into high-frequency horizontal back-and-forth vibration of the shovel tip. This not only significantly reduces the traction resistance of the machine, but also achieves uniform three-dimensional mixing of the conditioner with the bottom soil. Furthermore, there is no strong vertical throwing throughout the process, avoiding the harm of deep subsoil and salt being turned to the surface.

[0054] 4. The Ackerman follow-up steering chassis is adopted, and the deflection angle of the follow-up ground wheel is kept consistent with that of the tractor in real time through the linkage mechanism. This eliminates the lateral slippage caused by the rigid ground wheel when turning from a kinematic point of view, and greatly protects the fragile saline-alkali turf from being crushed and torn.

[0055] 5. The contour-following soil compaction system uses a soil-covering wheel with a "V"-shaped inward-curving angle design, combined with a compaction contour spring. When facing hard soil blocks or uneven surfaces, it can flexibly overcome obstacles and conform to the shape, and forcefully squeeze and compact surface cracks, effectively preventing the rapid evaporation of deep moisture and the loss of conditioning agents.

[0056] 6. The power transmission system of the implement supports stepless speed regulation, which can dynamically and smoothly adjust the speed of the root cutting disc, the material discharge amount of the discharge auger, and the vibration frequency of the eccentric shaft according to the different soil hardness, soil moisture changes and the forward speed of the tractor in saline-alkali land. This ensures that the implement is always in the best agricultural machinery and agronomic matching state, and improves the implement's adaptability to complex working conditions.

[0057] 7. Achieved a synergistic effect of "1+1>2" across multiple systems: In the harsh environment of saline-alkali land, after actively cutting shallow cracks, the discharge port is precisely aligned by relying on the purely mechanical limiting of the blade-tube linkage fixing frame; then, a double-stage auger forces the agent into the crack; subsequently, a deep loosening shovel performs transverse vibration and burying in a purely horizontal direction (only shearing laterally, without vertically turning over the bottom salt); finally, a V-shaped wheel concentrically closes the crack to retain moisture. The processes of each system are closely coupled, forming a highly coherent closed-loop system customized for the unique characteristics of saline-alkali land. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is an isometric drawing of the assembly of a combined machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of the assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the frame of the present invention; Figure 4This is an isometric drawing of the frame hydraulic lifting and traction system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a rear view of the frame-following steering system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the frame-following steering system of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an isometric view of the power transmission system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an isometric view of the conditioner forced discharge system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the forced discharge system for the conditioner of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an isometric view of the active root cutting and slit opening system of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the active root cutting and slit opening system of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an isometric view of the spring-buffered horizontal vibration deep loosening system of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the spring-buffered horizontal vibration deep loosening system of the present invention; Figure 14 This is an enlarged view of the eccentric shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 15 This is an isometric view of the contour-following soil compaction system of the present invention; Figure 16 This is an exploded view of the contour-following soil compaction system of the present invention.

[0059] In the diagram: A. Frame; B. Power transmission system; C. Conditioner forced discharge system; D. Active root cutting and splitting system; E. Horizontal vibration deep loosening system; F. Contour-following soil covering and compaction system; 1. Upper frame; 2. Lower frame; 3. Follow-up ground wheel; 4. Root cutting system fixing frame; 5. Deep loosening system fixing frame; 6. Soil covering system fixing frame; 7. Rear discharge transmission guard; 8. Fertilizer box; 9. Front transmission guard; 10. Two-point traction suspension frame; 11. Frame hinge pin; 12. Ground wheel connecting crossbeam; 13. Upper frame support crossbeam; 14. Hydraulic... 15. Lifting and lowering device; 16. Longitudinal steering tie rod; 17. First steering knuckle arm; 18. Steering tie rod; 19. Second steering knuckle arm; 20. Main power input end; 21. Chain tensioning device; 22. Left front transition sprocket; 23. Left inner discharge sprocket; 24. Left outer discharge sprocket; 25. Horizontal conveying auger shaft; 26. Vertical forced discharge auger shaft; 27. Tail end drive sprocket; 28. Discharge vertical reversing box; 29. ​​Eccentric vibration mechanism; 30. Deep loosening main reversing box; 31. Chain coupling; 32. Root cutting main reversing box; 33. Root cutting motor 33. Force-grading reversing box; 34. Main drive shaft; 35. Right outer discharge sprocket; 36. Right inner discharge sprocket; 37. Right front transition sprocket; 38. Horizontal conveying auger blades; 39. Discharge guide tube; 40. Fertilizer transition box; 41. V-shaped guide chute; 42. Vertical forced discharge auger blades; 43. Duckbill discharge port; 44. Root cutting right-angle reversing box; 45. Active root cutting cutter disc; 46. Cutter tube linkage fixing bracket; 47. Protective bushing; 48. Hexagonal power output shaft; 49. Hexagonal mating bushing; 50. Cross bevel gear set; 51. Root cutting... 51. Main steering gearbox housing; 52. Eccentric connecting rod seat; 53. Deep loosening shovel; 54. Deep loosening main steering gearbox housing; 55. Right angle bevel gear set; 56. Dustproof sealing ring; 57. Support bearing; 58. Deep loosening shovel hinge support; 59. Deep loosening shovel handle; 60. Wing-shaped shovel tip; 61. Eccentric transmission collar; 62. Eccentric shaft; 63. Eccentric bearing; 64. Main bearing support seat; 65. Soil covering fixing crossbeam; 66. V-type soil covering wheel; 67. Frame connecting seat; 68. Suspension housing; 69. Limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly; 60. Pressing conformal spring. Detailed Implementation

[0060] See Figures 1 to 2 A composite machine for forced root cutting and vibratory deep loosening of saline-alkali grassland includes a frame A, a power transmission system B, a conditioner forced discharge system C, an active root cutting and slit opening system D, a horizontal vibratory deep loosening system E, and a contour-following soil covering and compaction system F.

[0061] Frame A serves as the supporting base for the combined operation machine of root cutting and forced fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland; the power transmission system B is located at the front and lower part of frame A and is fixed to frame A by bolts; the conditioner forced discharge system C is installed at the upper middle and rear end of frame A; the active root cutting and slit opening system D, the horizontal vibratory deep tillage system E, and the contour covering and compaction system F are arranged in sequence along the forward direction of the machine and installed at the lower part of frame A, and are connected to the bottom crossbeam of frame A by bolts and fixing brackets.

[0062] See Figure 3 The frame A is a welded assembly, including an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2, a follower wheel 3, a root cutting system fixing frame 4, a deep loosening system fixing frame 5, a soil covering system fixing frame 6, a rear discharge transmission guard 7, a fertilizer box 8, and a front transmission guard 9.

[0063] The upper frame 1 is located on top and serves as the load-bearing frame for the main working components. The lower frame 2 is located below the upper frame 1, with its front end connected to the tractor via a two-point traction suspension frame 10, and its rear end connected to the two side-mounted ground wheels 3. The front ends of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 are hinged via frame hinge pins 11. The ground wheels 3 are installed at the rear end of the lower frame 2 via ground wheel connecting beams 12. The root cutting system fixing frame 4, the deep loosening system fixing frame 5, and the soil covering system fixing frame 6 are welded to the bottom of the upper frame 1, respectively, for installing the corresponding operating systems. The fertilizer box 8 is fixed to the upper support beam 13 of the upper frame 1 with bolts. The front transmission protective cover 9 and the rear discharge transmission protective cover 7 cover the outside of the power transmission system B, respectively, for safety protection.

[0064] See Figures 4 to 6 The frame A also includes a traction and lifting system and a follow-up steering system. The traction and lifting system includes a two-point traction suspension frame 10, a frame hinge pin 11, a ground wheel connecting beam 12, an upper frame support beam 13, and a hydraulic lifting device 14.

[0065] The two-point traction suspension 10 is located at the front end of the frame and is used to connect with the power end of the tractor; the frame hinge pin 11 passes through the front end connection between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2, so that the upper and lower frames form a single-point hinge structure that can be opened and closed relative to each other.

[0066] The ground wheel connecting beam 12 is fastened to the rear section of the lower frame 2 by a U-shaped screw, and its two ends are connected to the follower ground wheel 3; the upper frame support beam 13 is welded between the upper frames 1 at the corresponding positions; the hydraulic lifting device 14 is a two-way hydraulic cylinder, the upper end of which is hinged to the fixed lug of the upper frame support beam 13 by a pin, and the lower end is hinged to the fixed lug of the ground wheel connecting beam 12 by a pin.

[0067] The follow-up steering system is located under the chassis and includes a longitudinal steering tie rod 15, a first steering knuckle arm 16, a steering tie rod 17, and a second steering knuckle arm 18.

[0068] The front end of the longitudinal steering tie rod 15 is hinged to the rear side of the two-point traction suspension frame 10, and the rear end is hinged to one end of the first steering knuckle arm 16. The middle part of the first steering knuckle arm 16 is mounted on one end of the ground wheel connecting beam 12 via a pin, and its other end is connected to and controls the follower ground wheel 3 on one side. One end of the steering tie rod 17 is hinged to the rear part of the first steering knuckle arm 16, and the other end is hinged to the second steering knuckle arm 18. The second steering knuckle arm 18 is correspondingly mounted on the other end of the ground wheel connecting beam 12 and is used to control the follower ground wheel 3 on the other side.

[0069] To maximize protection of the fragile saline-alkali turf from physical tearing, the follow-up steering system in this embodiment strictly adheres to the Ackermann steering geometry principle. In the design of the four-bar linkage, the initial inclination angles of the first steering knuckle arm 16 and the second steering knuckle arm 18 are set to 10°~15°. When the tractor drives the two-point traction suspension 10 to deflect, this linkage mechanism ensures from a purely kinematic perspective that the deflection angle of the inner follow-up wheel is always automatically greater than that of the outer follow-up wheel. This non-standard linkage angle setting allows the turning centers of the wheels on both sides of the implement to converge at the same point with the turning center of the rear wheel of the tractor in front, thus ensuring that the wheels are in a pure rolling state at any turning radius, completely eliminating the lateral slip resistance and damage to the turf generated by traditional rigid wheels when turning at the edge of the field.

[0070] See Figure 7 The power transmission system B, serving as the power distribution hub of the machine, includes a main power input end 19, a chain tensioning device 20, a left front transition sprocket 21, a left inner discharge sprocket 22, a left outer discharge sprocket 23, a horizontal conveying auger shaft 24, a vertical forced discharge auger shaft 25, a tail end drive sprocket 26, a discharge vertical reversing box 27, an eccentric vibration mechanism 28, a deep loosening main reversing box 29, a chain coupling 30, a root cutting main reversing box 31, a root cutting power grading reversing box 32, a main drive shaft 33, a right outer discharge sprocket 34, a right inner discharge sprocket 35, and a right front transition sprocket 36.

[0071] The main power input end 19 is located at the front end of the frame and is connected to the tractor's rear power take-off shaft (PTO) via a universal joint drive shaft to receive external power. A double-row drive sprocket is coaxially fixed to the front side of the main power input end 19, and coaxially connected to the main drive shaft 33 at the rear.

[0072] The double-row sprocket at the front of the main power input end 19 transmits power to the left front transition sprocket 21 and right front transition sprocket 36 on the left and right sides respectively via a double-row chain. The left front transition sprocket 21 outputs power coaxially to the rear, serving as the next-stage drive wheel, and drives the left inner discharge sprocket 22 and left outer discharge sprocket 23 respectively via a single-row chain. Similarly, the right front transition sprocket 36 drives the right outer discharge sprocket 34 and right inner discharge sprocket 35 via a single-row chain. A chain tensioning device 20 is provided on each of the single-row chain loops transmitting power to the inner and outer discharge sprockets to compensate for chain slack and ensure the smoothness of the chain drive.

[0073] The left inner discharge sprocket 22, left outer discharge sprocket 23, right outer discharge sprocket 34, and right inner discharge sprocket 35 are coaxially connected to the front ends of the four horizontal conveying auger shafts 24. At the tail end of each horizontal conveying auger shaft 24, a tail drive sprocket 26 is coaxially fixed. The tail drive sprocket 26 transmits power to the upper vertical discharge deflector box 27 via an upward chain drive; the vertical discharge deflector box 27 converts the horizontal rotational power into a downward rotational power, driving the lower vertical forced discharge auger shaft 25.

[0074] The main drive shaft 33 transmits the power from the main power input end 19 to the rear of the machine. The main drive shaft 33 first passes through the root cutting main reversing box 31, which is a bevel gear reversing box, converting the longitudinal rotational power into lateral output; the lateral output shaft connects to and drives four root cutting power stage reversing boxes 32, which again change the power direction to vertical downward transmission.

[0075] The main drive shaft 33 extends rearward after passing through the main shifter 31 and enters the main shifter 29. The main shifter 29 is also a bevel gear shifter, converting power into lateral rotational output. An eccentric vibration mechanism 28 is provided on the lateral output shaft section. Furthermore, on the lateral drive shafts of the main shifter 31 and the main shifter 29, corresponding segments are flexibly connected using chain couplings 30 to enhance the concentricity and reliability of the long shaft drive.

[0076] See Figures 8 to 9 The conditioner forced discharge system C is installed in the middle and rear of the upper frame 1. It is mainly used to solve the problems of conditioner in saline-alkali land easily absorbing moisture and clumping, and poor material discharge, so as to achieve precise in-situ application. The system mainly includes: V-shaped guide chute 40, horizontal conveying auger shaft 24, horizontal conveying auger blades 37, fertilizer transition box 39, vertical forced discharge auger shaft 25, vertical forced discharge auger blades 41, discharge guide tube 38, and duckbill discharge port 42.

[0077] V-shaped feed troughs 40 are arranged horizontally side by side at the bottom of the fertilizer box 8. They use their inclined side walls to guide the conditioner to slide naturally down to the auger at the bottom by its own weight, thus avoiding dead corners and material accumulation in the fertilizer box.

[0078] A horizontal conveying auger shaft 24 is positioned across the bottom of the V-shaped guide chute 40, with horizontal conveying auger blades 37 welded to its outer side. The horizontal conveying auger shaft 24 is driven to rotate by a power transmission system B.

[0079] The fertilizer transfer box 39 is installed at the discharge side of the V-shaped guide chute 40, and the end of the horizontal conveying auger shaft 24 extends into the fertilizer transfer box 39. The fertilizer transfer box 39 serves to prevent flying and material accumulation, ensuring that the conditioner is completely introduced into the discharge channel below.

[0080] The feeding conduit 38 is vertically installed below the bottom outlet of the fertilizer transfer box 39 to strictly control the feeding trajectory within the conduit.

[0081] The vertical forced discharge auger shaft 25 is coaxially inserted inside the discharge guide tube 38, and vertical forced discharge auger blades 41 are welded to its outer edge. The top end of the vertical forced discharge auger shaft 25 is connected to the discharge vertical deflector box 27 of the power transmission system B.

[0082] The duckbill-shaped discharge port 42 is located at the bottom of the discharge guide tube 38. Its discharge cross-section is flat, and the width of the cross-section matches the narrow soil slit opened by the active root cutting disc in front, ensuring that the conditioner enters the slit precisely.

[0083] See Figures 10 to 11 The active root cutting and slotting system D is installed at the lower part of the frame A, directly in front of the conditioner forced discharge system C. It is mainly used to cut the surface roots of saline-alkali grassland and pre-cut shallow slots for subsequent conditioner application. The system includes: root cutting main reversing box housing 50, cross bevel gear set 49, protective bushing 46, cutter tube linkage fixing bracket 45, root cutting right angle reversing box 43, hexagonal power output shaft 47, hexagonal mating bushing 48, and active root cutting cutter disc 44.

[0084] The main deflector housing 50 is bolted to the crossbeam of the frame and contains a cross bevel gear set 49, which is a cross-shaped bevel gear structure. Its main function is to divert the longitudinal rotational power input from the main drive shaft 33: one path continues to be transmitted to the deep loosening main deflector housing 29 of the deep loosening system in the form of longitudinal rotation; the other path is converted into lateral rotation and distributed to the drive shafts on the left and right sides.

[0085] The protective bushing 46 is a hollow steel pipe, which is installed vertically downward at the bottom of the root cutting power grading changeover box 32, enclosing the downward drive shaft and serving to support it and prevent grass from getting tangled.

[0086] One end of the blade linkage fixing bracket 45 is welded to the rear side of the protective bushing 46, and the other end is fixedly connected to the discharge conduit 38 of the conditioner forced discharge system C. This design forms an integrated rigid structure, ensuring that the working trajectory of the active root cutting blade 44 and the discharge trajectory of the discharge conduit 38 are always on the same longitudinal straight line.

[0087] To achieve precise in-situ application immediately after cutting the narrow slit, this embodiment imposes strict parameter limitations on the duckbill-type discharge port 42 and the linkage distance. Since the width of the shallow slit cut by the active root-cutting cutter head 44 is typically between 15mm and 25mm, the duckbill-type discharge port 42 is designed with an extremely flat and streamlined shape to ensure smooth insertion into the slit without scraping soil. Its maximum external width is limited to 10mm to 15mm. Simultaneously, the length of the cutter tube linkage fixing frame 45 is precisely calculated, maintaining the longitudinal axis distance between the cutter head's cutting landing point and the discharge landing point between 150mm and 250mm. This extremely short safety axis distance, combined with the rigid linkage structure, ensures that when the machine moves at a speed of 3 to 6 km / h, the conditioner is instantly forced into the bottom of the slit by the vertical forced discharge auger shaft 25 before it collapses and closes under its own weight, completely eliminating the waste of material spilling onto the ground.

[0088] The right-angle reversing gearbox 43 for root cutting is mounted at the bottom of the protective bushing 46. The lateral output end of the right-angle reversing gearbox 43 uses a hexagonal power output shaft 47; a matching hexagonal bushing 48 is welded to the center of the active root cutting cutter disc 44. The hexagonal power output shaft 47 and the hexagonal bushing 48 are inserted into each other and secured by end bolts to prevent disengagement. This hexagonal transmission structure can withstand the high-frequency impact and high-torque load from the high-hardness soil of saline-alkali land, avoiding the problem of easy failure of traditional keyway connections.

[0089] To perfectly handle the extremely high soil firmness of saline-alkali grasslands and the strong toughness of Leymus chinensis roots, in this embodiment, the active root-cutting disc 44 is integrally stamped and heat-treated from wear-resistant alloy steel, with a disc diameter set at 400mm to 500mm. Its outer edge is surrounded by a wavy double-sided cutting edge, with a cutting angle precisely set at 20° to 30°. This combination of arc and angle ensures both sharp cutting ability against horizontally spreading roots below the ground surface and sufficient wear resistance. Through a matched power transmission ratio, the rotational speed of the active root-cutting disc 44 is stabilized between 400r / min and 600r / min, creating a kerf depth of 50mm to 100mm on the ground surface, completely severing shallow roots and reserving a standard narrow slit space for material discharge at the rear outlet.

[0090] See Figures 12 to 14The horizontal vibration subsoiling system E is installed at the lower part of the frame A, directly behind the conditioner forced discharge system C. It is mainly used to break up the compaction of the plow layer in saline-alkali land and to use vibration to mix the conditioner that falls into the shallow cracks with the deeper soil in situ. This system mainly includes: a subsoiling bevel gear shifter 29, an eccentric mechanism 28, a subsoiling shovel working part 52, a subsoiling main shifter housing 53, a right-angle bevel gear set 54, a main drive shaft 33, a main bearing support 63, an eccentric shaft 61, an eccentric bearing 62, an eccentric transmission collar 60, a dustproof sealing ring 55, a support bearing 56, an eccentric connecting rod seat 51, a subsoiling shovel hinge support 57, a subsoiling shovel handle 58, and a wing-shaped shovel tip 59.

[0091] The main steering gearbox housing 53 is fixed on the frame beam, and the right-angle bevel gear set 54 inside converts the longitudinal power input from the main drive shaft 33 into lateral rotation output.

[0092] The eccentric shaft 61 is coaxially connected to the transverse output end. A main bearing support 63 is installed on the outside of the concentric section of the eccentric shaft 61. The main bearing support 63 is fixed to the frame beam by bolts to withstand the radial impact force generated by the eccentric mechanism and prevent the drive shaft from bending and deforming.

[0093] Outside the eccentric section of the eccentric shaft 61, a support bearing 56, an eccentric bearing 62, and an eccentric transmission collar 60 are nested in sequence. Dustproof sealing rings 55 are encapsulated on both sides of the bearing assembly to prevent high-intensity dust and mud from entering the interior.

[0094] One end of the eccentric connecting rod seat 51 is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the eccentric transmission collar 60, and the other end is hinged to the top of the deep loosening shovel handle 58 through a pin, serving as the input node for vibration power.

[0095] One end of the deep loosening shovel hinge support 57 is fixed to the bottom crossbeam of the frame, and the other end is hinged to the middle of the deep loosening shovel handle 58, serving as a fixed fulcrum for the deep loosening shovel handle 58 to swing back and forth.

[0096] The deep tillage shovel handle 58 extends vertically downwards, with a wing-shaped shovel tip 59 welded to its lowest point. The wing-shaped shovel tip 59 employs a widened chisel-shaped or wing-shaped structure, designed to increase the extent of disturbance to the subsoil.

[0097] In terms of parameter settings for the vibration structure, this embodiment provides precise geometric limitations for the eccentricity and lever mechanism. The eccentricity of the eccentric shaft 61 is set to 8mm to 12mm. The deep loosening shovel handle 58 uses the deep loosening shovel hinge support 57 as its mechanical fulcrum, and the lever length ratio between the upper force arm and the lower working arm is set to between 1:2 and 1:2.5. When the machine is working, the power-driven eccentric shaft is converted into a linear reciprocating stroke of 16mm to 24mm at the top of the eccentric connecting rod seat 51. After lever amplification, the bottom wing-shaped shovel tip 59 generates a high-frequency horizontal back-and-forth vibration with an amplitude of 32mm to 60mm and a vibration frequency of 8Hz to 15Hz at a deep loosening depth of 250mm to 350mm. This specific combination of vibration frequency and amplitude enables the compacted saline-alkali soil to undergo brittle fracture under horizontal shear force, completely preventing the upturning of the subsoil.

[0098] Meanwhile, the subsoil shovel itself has also undergone drag reduction and profile optimization. The streamlined cutting edge wedge angle on the front side of the subsoil shovel handle 58 is set at 35° to 45°, significantly reducing cutting resistance; the wing-shaped shovel tip 59 at the bottom has a wingspan of 180mm to 240mm, with an entry angle of 10° to 15° and a lifting surface inclination angle of 12° to 18°. These specific geometric inclination angles cause hard soil to experience a slight lifting and arching as the wing surface sweeps over it, followed by a rapid fall, uniformly mixing the conditioner in the gaps into the deep soil network without disrupting the surface vegetation layer.

[0099] See Figures 15 to 16 The contour-following soil compaction system F is installed at the very end of the frame A, directly behind the horizontal vibratory deep loosening system E. It is mainly used to close and compact the soil cracks formed after deep loosening and burying. The system mainly includes: a soil-fixing crossbeam 64, a V-shaped soil-covering wheel 65, a frame connecting seat 66, a suspension housing 67, a limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly 68, and a compaction contour spring 69.

[0100] The frame connecting seat 66 is fixed on the soil-covering fixing beam 64; the suspension shell 67 is installed on the frame connecting seat 66, and the two sides inside are provided with stepped adjustment tooth plates, and the hollow area inside is longitudinally arranged with a compression conforming spring 69.

[0101] The limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly 68 are installed inside the suspension housing 67 and can be adjusted by relative sliding. The upper handle is provided with a locking pin that cooperates with the stepped adjustment tooth plate, and the lower swing arm is respectively mounted with two disc-shaped V-shaped soil covering wheels 65 through the wheel axle. The running surfaces of the two V-shaped soil covering wheels 65 are arranged in a "V" shape with an inward angle.

[0102] The compression spring 69 is an external tension spring structure. One end of it is attached to the hole reserved in the frame connecting seat 66, and the other end is attached to the hole reserved in the limit adjustment handle and the swing arm assembly 68, providing it with a continuous downward flexible compression force.

[0103] To achieve optimal crack closing and compaction, the two V-shaped soil-covering wheels 65 are made of thick-walled steel plates, with a single disc diameter of 300mm~400mm. Their axles are not installed horizontally, but rather at a specific angle of 15°~25° to the horizontal plane. This inclined layout creates a wedge-shaped cavity for soil accumulation, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom: the lateral distance between the two wheels at their lowest contact points is only 30mm~50mm, while the distance at their highest points is 120mm~180mm. When the machine is in operation, the two V-shaped soil-covering wheels 65 roll across the crack, and the aforementioned specific inward inclination angle transforms the downward compaction pressure into a powerful lateral centripetal squeezing force, forcibly pushing and converging the loose soil on both sides towards the central crack, effectively blocking the moisture evaporation channels.

[0104] Working principle of the invention:

[0105] See Figures 1 to 2 The overall working principle of the saline-alkali grassland root cutting forced fertilization and vibration deep loosening combined operation machine of the present invention is as follows. The machine moves forward by being connected to the tractor through a two-point traction suspension frame (10); the power is transmitted from the main power input end (19) and distributed to each working part through the power transmission system (B). When the machine moves forward, the active root cutting disc (44) first cuts the interwoven horizontal roots of sheep grass under the ground surface and cuts shallow cracks on the ground surface; secondly, the conditioner forced discharge system (C) forces the conditioner into the cut cracks; then the deep loosening shovel (52) performs horizontal vibration deep loosening and crushing on the bottom layer and mixes the conditioner with the deep soil; finally, the V-shaped soil covering wheel (65) squeezes and closes the surface cracks and compacts them.

[0106] See Figures 4 to 6 The chassis-following steering and lifting principle of the present invention is as follows. When the implement turns with the tractor, the deflection of the two-point traction suspension frame (10) drives the first steering knuckle arm (16) and the steering tie rod (17) through the longitudinal steering tie rod (15), so that the steering angle of the follower ground wheel (3) is consistent with the rear of the tractor, thus eliminating the lateral slippage generated when the rigid ground wheel turns kinematically and avoiding crushing and tearing of fragile saline-alkali turf. During the work preparation stage or when lifting due to obstacles, the extension and retraction of the hydraulic lifting device (14) drives the upper frame (1) to rotate around the frame hinge pin (11), thereby precisely controlling the soil penetration depth of the entire machine's working parts.

[0107] See Figure 7The power transmission principle of the present invention is as follows. The power is introduced from the main power input end (19) and then divided into two paths: the first path is a chain drive to drive the discharge system. The power drives the inner and outer discharge sprockets to rotate through the left and right front transition sprockets (21, 36), which drives the horizontal conveying auger shaft (24) to push the material. Then, the vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25) is driven to rotate through the tail drive sprocket (26) and the vertical discharge change box (27); the second path is a shaft drive to drive the root cutting and deep loosening system. The main drive shaft (33) transmits the rotational power to the root cutting main change box (31), which performs a one-in-three-out cross split through the cross bevel gear set (49). The root cutting system is driven laterally, and the power passes through the chain coupling (30) to continue to drive the deep loosening main change box (29) backward.

[0108] See Figures 8 to 11 The working principle of the active root cutting and forced discharge of the present invention is as follows. The active root cutting disc (44) is driven to rotate at high speed by a hexagonal power output shaft (47), which powerfully cuts the densely interwoven horizontal roots of sheep grass under the ground surface, biologically relieving the inhibition of the plant apex to induce the germination of axillary buds, while avoiding the turf from being lifted up along with the roots during subsequent deep loosening. At the same time as the disc cuts the slits, the conditioner in the fertilizer box (8) falls down by gravity. The horizontal conveying auger blades (37) and the vertical forced discharge auger blades (41) sequentially physically push and forcefully squeeze the material, completely eliminating the "bridging" blockage phenomenon, and pushing the conditioner to the duckbill-type discharge port (42). Due to the limiting effect of the blade tube linkage fixing frame (45), the discharge port (42) is precisely inserted into the narrow slit cut by the disc, realizing in-situ precise material discharge.

[0109] See Figures 12 to 14 The working principle of the horizontal vibration deep loosening of the present invention is as follows. The power drives the eccentric shaft (61) to rotate at high speed, and the eccentric section forces the eccentric transmission collar (60) to produce radial displacement. This displacement acts on the top of the deep loosening shovel handle (58), and under the lever fulcrum of the deep loosening shovel hinge support (57), it is transformed into high-frequency horizontal back-and-forth vibration of the bottom wing-shaped shovel tip (59). The horizontal vibration powerfully tears and breaks up the compacted soil at the bottom layer, and the conditioner falling into the gaps is evenly and three-dimensionally mixed with the deep soil. The entire process is mainly horizontal shearing, which avoids the "bottom layer salt turning" hazard caused by the deep subsoil turning to the surface.

[0110] See Figures 15 to 16The working principle of the contour-following soil compaction of the present invention is as follows: The V-shaped soil-covering wheel (65) with a "V" angle rolls across both sides of the crack, forcibly squeezing and converging the loose soil towards the center. The external compaction contour spring (69) is connected through the holes at both ends, providing a continuous downward elastic tension (compacting force) to compact the topsoil to prevent moisture evaporation and loss of conditioning agents. When encountering hard soil blocks or surface protrusions, the limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly (68) are pushed upward by force, overcoming the tension of the compaction contour spring (69) and undergoing elastic deformation, allowing the V-shaped soil-covering wheel (65) to slide upward over the obstacle within the suspension shell (67); after overcoming the obstacle, it quickly rebounds and resets under the action of the spring tension, thereby achieving efficient and flexible compaction contouring without jamming.

Claims

1. A combined machine for root cutting and forced fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grasslands, characterized in that, It includes a frame (A), a power transmission system (B), a conditioner forced discharge system (C), an active root cutting and slotting system (D), a horizontal vibration deep loosening system (E), and a contour-following soil covering and compaction system (F). The frame (A) is the load-bearing base; the power transmission system (B) is located at the front and lower part of the frame (A) and is used to receive external power and distribute power to various working systems in multiple stages; the conditioner forced discharge system (C) is installed at the upper middle and rear end of the frame (A); the active root cutting and slotting system (D), the horizontal vibration deep loosening system (E) and the contour covering and compaction system (F) are arranged in sequence along the forward direction of the machine and installed at the lower part of the frame (A); The conditioner forced discharge system (C) includes a horizontal conveying auger shaft (24) and a vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25). The power transmission system (B) drives the two auger shafts to rotate synchronously, so as to realize the physical breaking of the conditioner and forced anti-blocking discharge. The active root cutting and slit opening system (D) includes an active root cutting blade (44), and a power transmission system (B) transmits power to the active root cutting blade (44) through a transmission shaft to make it rotate at high speed, thereby realizing active root cutting; The horizontal vibration deep loosening system (E) includes a deep loosening shovel handle (58), a wing-shaped shovel tip (59), and an eccentric vibration mechanism (28). The power transmission system (B) drives the eccentric vibration mechanism (28) to operate, and through the eccentric connecting rod seat (51) and the hinge fulcrum, the radial displacement is converted into high-frequency horizontal back-and-forth vibration of the wing-shaped shovel tip (59) at the bottom of the deep loosening shovel handle (58).

2. The combined operation machine for root cutting and forced fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (A) includes an upper frame (1), a lower frame (2), a follower wheel (3), a root cutting system fixing frame (4), a deep loosening system fixing frame (5), a soil covering system fixing frame (6), a rear discharge transmission guard (7), a fertilizer box (8), and a front transmission guard (9). The lower frame (2) is located below the upper frame (1), and its tail is connected to the following ground wheels (3) on both sides; the front ends of the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) are hinged by the frame hinge pin (11); the following ground wheels (3) are installed at the tail end of the lower frame (2) through the ground wheel connecting beam (12); the root cutting system fixing frame (4), the deep loosening system fixing frame (5) and the soil covering system fixing frame (6) are respectively welded to the bottom of the upper frame (1); the fertilizer box (8) is fixed to the upper support beam (13) of the upper frame (1) by bolts; the front transmission protective cover (9) and the rear discharge transmission protective cover (7) are respectively covered on the outside of the power transmission system (B).

3. The combined operation machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame (A) also includes a two-point traction suspension frame (10), a frame hinge pin (11), a ground wheel connecting beam (12), an upper frame support beam (13), a hydraulic lifting device (14), a longitudinal steering tie rod (15), a first steering knuckle arm (16), a steering tie rod (17), and a second steering knuckle arm (18). The two-point traction suspension frame (10) is located at the front end of the frame; the frame hinge pin (11) passes through the front end connection between the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2); the ground wheel connecting beam (12) is fastened to the rear section of the lower frame (2) by a U-shaped screw, and its two ends are connected to the follower ground wheel (3); the upper frame support beam (13) is welded between the upper frames (1) at the corresponding positions; the hydraulic lifting device (14) is a two-way hydraulic cylinder, the upper end of which is hinged to the fixed lug of the upper frame support beam (13) by a pin, and the lower end is hinged to the fixed lug of the ground wheel connecting beam (12) by a pin. The longitudinal steering tie rod (15) is hinged at the front end to the rear side of the two-point traction suspension frame (10) and at the rear end to one end of the first steering knuckle arm (16); the middle part of the first steering knuckle arm (16) is mounted on one end of the ground wheel connecting beam (12) by a pin, and its other end is connected to the follower ground wheel (3) on one side; one end of the steering tie rod (17) is hinged to the rear part of the first steering knuckle arm (16) and the other end is hinged to the second steering knuckle arm (18); the second steering knuckle arm (18) is correspondingly mounted on the other end of the ground wheel connecting beam (12).

4. The combined operation machine for root cutting and forced fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power transmission system (B) includes a main power input end (19), a chain tensioning device (20), a left front transition sprocket (21), a left inner discharge sprocket (22), a left outer discharge sprocket (23), a horizontal conveying auger shaft (24), a vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25), a tail end drive sprocket (26), a discharge vertical reversing box (27), an eccentric vibration mechanism (28), a deep loosening main reversing box (29), a chain coupling (30), a root cutting main reversing box (31), a root cutting power grading reversing box (32), a main drive shaft (33), a right outer discharge sprocket (34), a right inner discharge sprocket (35), and a right front transition sprocket (36). The active power input end (19) is located at the front end of the frame (A), with a double row of active sprockets fixed coaxially on the front side and coaxially connected to the main drive shaft (33) on the rear side; the double row of sprockets on the front side of the active power input end (19) is connected to the left front transition sprocket (21) and the right front transition sprocket (36) respectively through double row chains; the left front transition sprocket (21) outputs coaxially to the rear, and is connected to the left inner discharge sprocket (22) and the left outer discharge sprocket (23) respectively through a single row chain; the right front transition sprocket (36) is connected to the right outer discharge sprocket (34) and the right inner discharge sprocket (35) through a single row chain; each single row chain circuit is equipped with a chain tensioning device (20). The left inner discharge sprocket (22), left outer discharge sprocket (23), right outer discharge sprocket (34), and right inner discharge sprocket (35) are coaxially connected to the front ends of the four horizontal conveying auger shafts (24); a tail drive sprocket (26) is coaxially fixed at the tail end of each horizontal conveying auger shaft (24); the tail drive sprocket (26) is connected to the vertical discharge deflector box (27) via chain drive; the vertical discharge deflector box (27) is connected to the vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25) below; The main drive shaft (33) extends rearward through the lower part of the frame and is connected in series with the root cutting main change box (31) and the deep loosening main change box (29). The main deflector box (31) of the root cutting is encapsulated with a cross bevel gear set (49), forming a cross power splitting structure with one input and three outputs. The longitudinal rotational power input from the main drive shaft (33) is divided into three paths: one path continues to be transmitted to the deep slough main deflector box (29) in the form of longitudinal rotation, and the other two paths are converted into lateral rotation and output to the left and right sides, and are connected to and drive the root cutting power stage deflector box (32) through the lateral drive shaft. The deep tillage main deflector box (29) converts longitudinal power into lateral output, and its lateral output shaft section is provided with an eccentric vibration mechanism (28); between the corresponding sections of the lateral and longitudinal transmission shafts of the root cutting main deflector box (31) and the deep tillage main deflector box (29), chain couplings (30) are connected in series to buffer the vibration and concentricity deviation generated when multiple modules work together.

5. A combined machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditioner forced discharge system (C) is located below the fertilizer tank (8), and its specific spatial arrangement and connection structure are as follows: Several V-shaped guide troughs (40) are arranged horizontally side by side at the bottom of the fertilizer box (8). A horizontal conveying auger shaft (24) runs horizontally through the bottom end of the V-shaped guide troughs (40). Horizontal conveying auger blades (37) are welded to the outside of the horizontal conveying auger shaft (24). A fertilizer transition box (39) is fixedly installed on the discharge side of the V-shaped guide trough (40), and the end of the horizontal conveying auger shaft (24) extends backward and is suspended in the internal cavity of the fertilizer transition box (39). The fertilizer transition box (39) is vertically connected to the discharge pipe (38) directly below the bottom discharge port. A vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25) is coaxially inserted inside the discharge pipe (38). A vertical forced discharge auger blade (41) adapted to the pipe wall is welded to the outer edge of the vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25). The top of the vertical forced discharge auger shaft (25) extends upward and is connected to the discharge vertical deflector box (27) of the power transmission system (B). The bottom of the discharge guide tube (38) is fixedly connected to a duckbill-shaped discharge port (42) with a flat discharge cross section.

6. The combined operation machine for root cutting and forced fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific structure and connection relationship of the active root cutting and slit opening system (D) are as follows: The main variable gearbox housing (50) is fixed on the crossbeam of the frame, and a cross bevel gear set (49) is encapsulated inside it. The protective bushing (46) is installed in a vertically downward position, and the right-angle turnout box (43) is installed at the bottom of the protective bushing (46); The transverse output end of the right-angle root cutting gearbox (43) is a hexagonal power output shaft (47) with a hexagonal cross-section; a hexagonal fitting bushing (48) is fixed at the center of the active root cutting disc (44), the hexagonal fitting bushing (48) has a hexagonal inner hole that matches the hexagonal power output shaft (47); the hexagonal power output shaft (47) passes into the hexagonal fitting bushing (48) to form a hexagonal insertion fit, and an anti-loosening bolt is provided at the end of the hexagonal power output shaft (47); The blade tube linkage fixing bracket (45) is a rigid connector. Its front end is fixed on the rear outer wall of the protective bushing (46), and its rear end extends backward and is rigidly connected to the discharge conduit (38) of the conditioner forced discharge system (C). It limits the longitudinal cutting plane of the active root cutting blade (44) to be coplanar with the discharge center line of the discharge conduit (38) and to be on the same longitudinal straight line.

7. A combined machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific structure and motion coordination of the horizontal vibration deep loosening system (E) are as follows: The deep-loosening main changer housing (53) is fixed on the crossbeam of the frame, and a right-angle bevel gear set (54) is encapsulated inside it. The eccentric shaft (61) is coaxially connected to the transverse output end of the right-angle bevel gear set (54); a main bearing support seat (63) is installed on the outside of the concentric section of the eccentric shaft (61), and the main bearing support seat (63) is fixed on the frame beam; outside the eccentric section of the eccentric shaft (61), a support bearing (56), an eccentric bearing (62) and an eccentric transmission collar (60) are nested in sequence, and dustproof sealing rings (55) are encapsulated on both sides of the bearing assembly. One end of the eccentric connecting rod seat (51) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the eccentric transmission collar (60), and the other end is hinged to the top of the deep loosening shovel handle (58) by a pin; one end of the deep loosening shovel hinge support (57) is fixed to the bottom crossbeam of the frame, and the other end is hinged to the middle of the deep loosening shovel handle (58), forming the mechanical fulcrum for the deep loosening shovel handle (58) to swing back and forth; The deep loosening shovel handle (58) extends vertically downward, and its bottom end is welded with a wing-shaped shovel tip (59). The rotation of the eccentric shaft (61) forces the eccentric transmission collar (60) to produce an eccentric displacement. The eccentric connecting rod seat (51) transmits the eccentric displacement to the top of the deep loosening shovel handle (58). With the deep loosening shovel hinge support (57) as the fulcrum, the wing-shaped shovel tip (59) at the bottom of the deep loosening shovel handle (58) is driven to make a horizontal reciprocating motion.

8. A combined machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific structure and conformal linkage relationship of the aforementioned contour-following soil compaction system (F) are as follows: The suspended housing (67) is vertically fixed to the soil-fixing crossbeam (64) via the frame connecting seat (66). The suspended housing (67) has a hollow slide inside and stepped adjustment tooth plates on both sides. The limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly (68) are inserted into the hollow slide rail inside the suspension housing (67) and can slide longitudinally; the upper handle is provided with a locking pin that cooperates with the stepped adjustment tooth plate. The lower end of the limit adjustment handle and the swing arm assembly (68) is symmetrically equipped with two disc-shaped V-shaped soil covering wheels (65) through inclined wheel axles. The rolling surfaces of the two V-shaped soil covering wheels (65) are arranged in a "V" shape with a narrower front and a narrower back and a wider top and a narrower bottom, forming an inward-facing angled space. The compression spring (69) is longitudinally arranged inside the suspension housing (67), with its upper end abutting against the upper part of the suspension housing (67) and its lower end pressing against the limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly (68). The compression spring (69) applies a continuous downward elastic force to the limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly (68), and when the limit adjustment handle and swing arm assembly (68) are subjected to an upward thrust caused by the undulation of the ground, they can overcome the elastic force of the compression spring (69) and slide upward along the inside of the suspension housing (67).

9. A combined machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the active root cutting disc (44) is provided with a wavy double-sided cutting edge with a cutting angle of 20°~30°, and the disc body diameter is 400mm~500mm; The maximum external width of the duckbill-type discharge port (42) is 10mm~15mm; the blade tube linkage fixing frame (45) limits the longitudinal axial distance between the cutting landing point of the active root cutting blade disc (44) and the discharge landing point of the duckbill-type discharge port (42) to between 150mm~250mm. The diameter of each disc of the two V-shaped soil covering wheels (65) is 300mm~400mm. Their axles are installed at an angle of 15°~25° to the horizontal plane, and the lateral distance between the two V-shaped soil covering wheels (65) at the lowest grounding point is limited to 30mm~50mm.

10. A combined machine for forced root fertilization and vibratory deep tillage in saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural parameters for the horizontal vibration deep loosening and chassis-guided steering system are configured as follows: The eccentricity of the eccentric shaft (61) is set to 8mm~12mm; the deep loosening shovel handle (58) uses the deep loosening shovel hinge support (57) as the mechanical lever fulcrum, and the length ratio of its upper force arm to its lower working arm is limited to 1:2 to 1:2.5, driving the bottom end to generate horizontal back-and-forth vibration with an amplitude of 32mm~60mm and a frequency of 8Hz~15Hz; The front side of the deep loosening shovel handle (58) is provided with a streamlined soil-breaking blade with a wedge angle of 35°~45°; the overall wingspan of the wing-shaped shovel tip (59) is 180mm~240mm, the soil entry angle is set to 10°~15°, and the lifting surface inclination angle of the two wings is set to 12°~18°. In straight-line driving mode, the initial inclination angle of the first steering knuckle arm (16) and the second steering knuckle arm (18) in the follow-up steering system is set to 10° to 15°.

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