Agricultural planting and seeding machine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of agricultural planting sowing machinery, including: with the seed tank and fixed axle of body connection, the body is provided with material conveying mechanism, seed metering assembly and speed regulating assembly, material conveying mechanism includes: shell, electromagnet, top rod, cross plate, drive shaft and bottom plate, several bottom plates are slidably connected in the camber surface of shell, electromagnet is provided with two and same polarity surface is opposite, electromagnet is slidably connected with drive shaft, top rod is elastically connected with drive shaft, cross plate is adsorbed with shell, electromagnet is connected with bottom plate, seed metering assembly includes: static generator, cylinder and seed brushing plate, static generator is connected with cylinder, the surface of cylinder is provided with dielectric insulating layer, seed brushing plate is tangent with the camber surface of cylinder;Device is stepless adjusted to the volume of material groove by electromagnet, seed arch bridge effect is broken by top rod and inclined surface guide block, the surface of cylinder is electrostatically adsorbed, and seed is positioned into ditch by avoiding collision and bouncing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting and sowing technology, specifically to an agricultural planting and sowing machine. Background Technology

[0002] Agriculture is an industry that utilizes the growth and development patterns of plants and animals to obtain products through artificial cultivation. Agricultural seed-laying machinery is a type of mechanical equipment used to automatically or semi-automatically sow seeds or crops in farmland. It can evenly sow seeds into the soil at certain intervals and depths according to the planting needs.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used field crop seeding machinery in China falls into two main categories: mechanical seed meters and pneumatic seed meters. While pneumatic seed meters can achieve high precision seeding, their complex structure, high manufacturing cost, and requirement for a high-pressure air source limit their application. They are also susceptible to airway blockage due to dust and humidity, making them unsuitable for small plots and individual farmer planting scenarios. Mechanical seed meters, primarily of the grooved wheel and perforated types, offer advantages such as simple structure, low cost, and high reliability. For example, Chinese patent CN205993071U describes a rotary tillage seeder whose seeding structure utilizes a traditional external grooved wheel design.

[0004] However, while the traditional external grooved wheel design can achieve basic sowing operations and seeding rate adjustments, seeding rate adjustments usually require manual adjustment of the grooved wheel's working length after the machine is stopped. It cannot be adjusted online in real time according to seed size, variety, and agronomic requirements during operation. The adjustment accuracy is poor, the operation is cumbersome, and it seriously delays the farming season. In addition, the traditional external grooved wheel seed metering device usually adopts a gravity free-fall seeding method, which makes it difficult to avoid problems such as seed collision and bouncing, which in turn easily leads to poor seed landing point positioning accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an agricultural planting and sowing machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an agricultural planting and sowing machine, comprising: a seed box and a fixed shaft connected to the machine body, wherein the machine body is provided with a material conveying mechanism, a seed dispensing component and a speed regulating component;

[0007] The material conveying mechanism includes: a housing, an electromagnet, a push rod, a cross plate, a drive shaft, and a base plate. Several base plates are slidably connected within the arc surface of the housing. There are two electromagnets with their pole faces facing each other. The electromagnets are slidably connected to the drive shaft. The push rod is elastically connected to the drive shaft. The cross plate is attracted to the housing. The electromagnets are connected to the base plates.

[0008] The seed metering assembly includes: an electrostatic generator, a roller, and a seed brush plate. The electrostatic generator is connected to the roller, the surface of the roller is provided with a dielectric insulating layer, and the seed brush plate is tangent to the arc surface of the roller.

[0009] Preferably, the drive rod is connected to the cam via gear transmission, the cam contacts the slide plate, the surface of the slide plate is hinged with several evenly arranged tooth blocks, the outer shell is fixedly connected with gear three, and the slide plate is connected to gear three through the meshing of the tooth blocks.

[0010] Preferably, the seed box is fixedly connected to the upper end of the machine body, the outer shell is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the machine body through bearings, the surface of the outer shell is provided with several material grooves, the inner arc surface of the outer shell is fixedly connected with several inclined guide blocks, the inclined guide blocks are triangular in shape, the inclined surface of the inclined guide blocks is curved, the drive shaft passes through the outer shell and is fixedly connected to it, and the surface of the drive shaft is provided with several evenly arranged guide grooves.

[0011] Preferably, the base plate is provided with several parts and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the material trough. Fixing members are fixedly connected at the four corners of the base plate. The fixing members are slidably connected to the outer shell. A connecting rod is hinged at the end of the fixing member. A guide ring is hinged at the other end of the connecting rod. The guide ring passes through the guide groove and is fixedly connected to an electromagnet. The guide ring and the electromagnet are both slidably connected to the drive shaft. Two adjacent electromagnets have the same pole face facing each other.

[0012] Preferably, an outlet groove is provided on the side of several inclined guide blocks, a guide rod is slidably connected in the outlet groove, a magnetic block is fixedly connected to the surface of the guide rod, the magnetic block is attracted to the inner wall of the corner of the inclined guide block near the electromagnet, one end of the guide rod passes through the outer shell and the bottom plate in sequence, and is fixedly connected to the cross plate, the cross plate is embedded in the surface of the bottom plate.

[0013] Preferably, a fixed shaft is fixedly connected inside the machine body. The fixed shaft passes through the outer shell and the electromagnet in sequence and is sleeved on the inner wall of both. A fixed plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed shaft. A vertically downward push rod is slidably connected inside the fixed plate. A spring is sleeved on the surface of the push rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the push rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed plate. In the initial state, the push rod is in a compressed state, and the diameter of the push rod is smaller than the width of the outlet groove.

[0014] Preferably, the roller is fixedly connected to a conveying pipe, the upper end of which is located at the lowest point of the outer shell, and the lower end of which is fixedly connected to a transfer cylinder. Both the conveying pipe and the transfer cylinder are fixedly connected to the machine body. A roller is rotatably connected inside the transfer cylinder. The outer arc surface of the roller is a dielectric insulating layer, and an electrostatic generator is fixedly connected to the surface of the transfer cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, the electrostatic generator is in contact with the surface of the drum, a seed dispensing pipe is provided below the feed cylinder, a seed brush plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feed cylinder, the seed brush plate is in contact with the surface of the drum, and the output direction of the seed dispensing pipe is tangent to the drum.

[0016] Preferably, the surface of the slide plate is provided with several evenly arranged rotating grooves, and several tooth blocks are provided on the side of the slide plate close to the gear three. One corner of the tooth block contacts the surface of the slide plate, and the other corner is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove through a torsion spring hinge. The tooth block is meshed with the gear three, the gear three is fixedly connected to the outer shell, and is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft. The slide plate is elastically connected to the machine body.

[0017] Preferably, a cam and a transmission rod are rotatably connected within the machine body via bearings. The side of the cam contacts the lower end of the slide plate, and a second gear is fixedly connected to the surface of the cam. The second gear meshes with a first gear.

[0018] Preferably, a bevel gear is fixedly connected to the surface of gear one, the drive rod is rotatably connected to the machine body, and a bevel gear is fixedly connected to the middle position of the drive rod. One end of the transmission rod is connected to the bevel gear on the surface of gear three through a bevel gear, and the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the bevel gear on the surface of the drive rod through a bevel gear.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The device drives the bottom plate to slide in the trough by controlling the linkage mechanism with an electromagnet, thereby realizing stepless adjustment of the trough volume. This allows the device to adjust the single sowing amount according to the requirements such as seed size during operation. The overall operation is convenient and highly adaptable. At the same time, the top rod and the inclined guide block that rotates with the outer shell effectively break the arch bridge effect of the seeds, thereby ensuring that the seeds fall smoothly into the conveying pipe and reducing the risk of missed sowing.

[0020] 2. By directly converting the rotation speed of the furrowing wheel into the intermittent rotation of the seed metering component, the sowing frequency can be changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the furrowing wheel, thereby achieving real-time matching between the sowing frequency and the forward speed, and thus ensuring a constant plant spacing.

[0021] 3. The seeds are polarized and adsorbed by the static electricity on the surface of the roller, and then ejected at high speed and direction by centrifugal force, avoiding collision and bouncing of the seeds, thereby achieving precise positioning of the seeds into the furrow, which is conducive to uniform germination. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the body of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the speed regulating component structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drive shaft structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the push rod structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drive shaft of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seeding component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth block structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped plate structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Machine body; 2. Seed box; 3. Fixed shaft; 4. Feeding mechanism; 41. Outer shell; 42. Feed trough; 43. Cross plate; 44. Guide rod; 45. Magnetic block; 46. Inclined guide block; 47. Outlet groove; 48. Base plate; 49. Fixing component; 410. Connecting rod; 411. Guide ring; 412. Drive shaft; 413. Guide groove; 414. Electromagnet; 415. Fixed plate; 416. Spring; 417. Top rod; 5. Seed metering assembly; 51. Feeding pipe; 52. Feeding cylinder; 53. Roller; 54. Dielectric insulation layer; 55. Static generator; 56. Seed brush plate; 57. Seed metering pipe; 6. Speed ​​control assembly; 61. Drive rod; 62. Bevel gear; 63. Transmission rod; 64. Gear one; 65. Gear two; 66. Gear three; 67. Slide plate; 68. Tooth block; 69. Rotating groove; 610. Cam. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figure 1-10This invention provides a technical solution: an agricultural planting and sowing machine, comprising: a seed box 2 installed on the surface of a body 1. The body 1 is the supporting frame of the entire device, which can be welded from high-strength steel or aluminum alloy and has a hollow interior to form an installation cavity while reducing the overall weight, thereby facilitating the arrangement of a material conveying mechanism 4, a seed dispensing component 5, and a speed regulating component 6. The front end of the body 1 is connected to a traction mechanism via a traction device. Double disc furrowing wheels and soil covering and pressing wheels are respectively provided on both sides of the lower end of the body 1. The furrowing wheels can be used for furrowing operations, thereby facilitating seed sowing. The soil covering and pressing wheels can cover the seeds with soil after sowing, thereby ensuring normal seed development. A drive device is provided inside the body 1 to drive the various components. The seed box 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the body 1 and can be used to store seeds to be sown.

[0035] The bottom of the seed box 2 has an opening, which faces vertically downwards and is directly opposite the feed inlet of the conveying mechanism 4, thus forming a connection. The conveying mechanism 4 mainly includes: a housing 41, an electromagnet 414, a push rod 417, a cross plate 43, a drive shaft 412, and a base plate 48. The housing 41 has an overall cylindrical structure and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the machine body 1 through bearings. The rotational power is provided only by the gear 66 of the speed regulating component 6, without any additional independent drive device. Driven by the mechanism, the outer shell 41 rotates intermittently around its own axis. Several evenly distributed material troughs 42 are formed on the arc surface of the outer shell 41, used to hold seeds. The outer shell 41 is hollow, with several evenly distributed inclined guide blocks 46 fixedly connected to its inner arc surface. Each inclined guide block 46 is triangular in shape, but its inclined surface is curved. An outlet groove 47 is formed on the end face of the inclined guide block 46 to prevent motion interference. The drive shaft 412 passes through the axis of the outer shell 41 and is fixedly connected to it. The drive shaft 412 has a tubular structure and can drive the entire outer shell 41 to rotate synchronously when rotating. Several evenly distributed axial guide grooves 413 are formed on the surface of the drive shaft 412, facilitating the movement of sliding components. The bottom plate 48 has several limit switches and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the material trough 42, thereby forming the movable bottom of the material trough 42, which facilitates the adjustment of the initial volume of the material trough 42. Fixing members 49 are fixedly connected at the four corners of the bottom plate 48. The fixing members 49 pass through the outer shell 41 and are slidably connected to the outer shell 41, thereby ensuring that the bottom plate 48 can only move radially along the material trough 42. The end of the fixing member 49 located inside the outer shell 41 is hinged to the connecting rod 410. The other end of the connecting rod 410 is hinged to the guide ring 411. The guide ring 411 passes through the guide groove 413 on the drive shaft 412 and is fixedly connected to the electromagnet 414. At this time, both the guide ring 411 and the electromagnet 414 are slidably connected to the drive shaft 412 and can reciprocate along the direction of the guide groove 413.

[0036] Two adjacent electromagnets 414 are arranged with their like poles facing each other. Electromagnets 414 are connected to the drive shaft 412 via elastic components such as cylindrical compression springs 416, ensuring that their positions remain unchanged when the current is constant. The N pole of one electromagnet 414 faces the N pole of the other electromagnet 414, or the S pole faces the other S pole. According to the principles of magnetism, like poles facing each other generate a strong repulsive force. When the two electromagnets 414 are energized, they will repel each other and move away. When the power is off, the repulsive force disappears, and they then move closer together under the action of the elastic force. When the two electromagnets 414 approach each other... The two guide rings 411 will slide along the guide groove 413 simultaneously and gradually move away from each other. At this time, the connecting rod 410 is squeezed, and the angle between it and the guide ring 411 gradually decreases, thereby pushing the fixing part 49 to slide outward. The base plate 48 can then slide outward along the material groove 42. During this process, the volume in the material groove 42 gradually decreases. When the two electromagnets 414 move away from each other, the movement directions of each component are opposite. At this time, the volume in the material groove 42 gradually increases. Thus, the initial volume in the material groove 42 can be adjusted by current before starting work. The electromagnets 414 are connected to the external power supply through the electric slip ring.

[0037] The material conveying mechanism 4 includes a fixed shaft 3, which is fixedly connected inside the machine body 1 and passes through the center of the outer shell 41 and the electromagnet 414 in sequence, and is sleeved on the inner wall of both, thereby providing support for their rotational movement and position fixation. A fixed disk 415 is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed shaft 3. A vertically downward push rod 417 is provided inside the fixed disk 415. A spring 416 is sleeved on the surface of the push rod 417. One end of the spring 416 is fixedly connected to the push rod 417, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed disk 415. At this time, the push rod 417 can slide inside the fixed disk 415, and at the same time, it can quickly reset through the spring 416. In the initial state, the spring 416 is in a compressed state, part of the push rod 417 is located inside the fixed disk 415, and the rest extends out of the fixed disk 415 and contacts the inclined surface of the inclined guide block 46. The diameter of the push rod 417 is designed to be smaller than the width of the outlet groove 47, so as to ensure that the push rod 417 can be removed from the outlet groove 47 after being inserted into the inclined guide block 46.

[0038] Below the feeding mechanism 4, a seed dispensing assembly 5 is provided. The seed dispensing assembly 5 includes: a feeding pipe 51, an electrostatic generator 55, a roller 53, and a seed brush plate 56. The upper end of the feeding pipe 51 is located directly below the lowest point of the outer casing 41 and is used to receive seeds falling from the trough 42. The lower end of the feeding pipe 51 is fixedly connected to a transfer cylinder 52. Both the feeding pipe 51 and the transfer cylinder 52 are fixedly connected to the machine body 1. Inside the transfer cylinder 52, a roller 53 is rotatably connected via bearings. The roller 53 is a metal mandrel base, and its outer arc surface is covered with a dielectric insulating layer 54. The electrostatic generator 55 contacts the metal mandrel of the roller 53 through a brush or a conductive slip ring, thereby applying high voltage static electricity to the roller 53, causing the dielectric insulating layer 54 to... The surface is polarized and electrostatically charged. The distance between the arc surface of the roller 53 and the inner wall of the feed cylinder 52 is greater than the diameter of the seed to avoid clogging. An electrostatic generator 55 is fixedly connected to the surface of the feed cylinder 52. The electrostatic generator 55 contacts the surface of the roller 53 through a brush or conductive slip ring to provide high voltage electrostatic charge to the roller 53. A seed dispensing pipe 57 is provided below the feed cylinder 52 to guide the seeds to the field. A drive device is provided inside the feed cylinder 52 to drive the roller 53 to rotate at high speed. A seed brush plate 56 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feed cylinder 52. The contact surface between the seed brush plate 56 and the roller 53 is made of flexible material and is tangent to the surface of the roller 53 to remove the seeds adsorbed on the surface of the roller 53. The output direction of the seed dispensing pipe 57 is tangent to the roller 53 to ensure that the seeds are ejected quickly in a specific direction.

[0039] The speed control component 6 installed inside the machine body 1 can be used to control the frequency of seed sowing. The speed control component 6 mainly includes: a drive rod 61, a cam 610, and a slide plate 67. The drive rod 61 is rotatably connected to the machine body 1 and is connected to the furrowing disc and the driver built into the machine body 1, serving as the input end of the speed signal. It drives the furrowing disc to rotate rapidly for furrowing operations. The drive rod 61 is connected to the cam 610 through a bevel gear 62 and a transmission rod 63. A bevel gear 62 is fixedly connected at the middle position of the drive rod 61. When the furrowing disc rotates, the drive rod 61 starts to rotate and drives the bevel gear 62 to rotate. One end of the transmission rod 63 is connected to the bevel gear 62 on the surface of the drive rod 61 through a bevel gear 62. At this time, the rotation of the drive rod 61 drives the transmission rod 63 to rotate. When the drive rod 63 rotates, the other end of the transmission rod 63 meshes with a bevel gear 62 fixedly connected to the surface of gear 64. The rotation of the transmission rod is then transmitted to gear 64 via the bevel gear 62. Gear 64 meshes with gear 65, which is fixedly connected to the cam 610. This transmits the rotational motion of the drive rod 61 to the cam 610. When the grooving disc rotates, the drive rod 61 rotates accordingly, driving gear 64 to rotate via the bevel gear 62. Gear 64 then drives gear 65 to rotate. Simultaneously, the cam 610 rotates. Since the number of teeth on gear 64 is less than that on gear 65, the cam 610 rotates at a lower speed than the grooving disc. The cam 610 is rotatably connected to the machine body 1 via a bearing. The lower end of the slide plate 67 contacts the body 1 via a tension spring, ensuring that the slide plate 67 always has a downward tendency to adhere to the surface of the cam 610. The surface of the slide plate 67 has several evenly arranged rotating grooves 69, and several evenly arranged tooth blocks 68 are hinged to the side near the gear 66. Each tooth block 68 is approximately triangular in shape, with its two base angles not on the same straight line and one angle protruding. One angle of the tooth block 68 contacts the surface of the slide plate 67, while the other protruding angle is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 69 via a torsion spring hinge. In this state, the tooth block 68 remains tilted upwards, thus engaging with the gear 66. When the slide plate 67 moves upwards, the tooth block 68 experiences a counterforce. The compression torsion spring retracts into the rotating groove 69. The slide plate 67 is connected to the gear 66 via the toothed block 68. The gear 66 is fixedly connected to the side of the housing 41 and rotatably connected to the fixed shaft 3. When the gear 66 rotates, it can directly drive the housing 41 to rotate. When the slide plate 67 moves to the highest point of the cam 610, it will slide down under the downward pulling force of the tension spring, thereby driving the slide plate 67 to move down. At this time, since the protruding corner of the toothed block 68 abuts against the slide plate 67, the slide plate 67 can drive the gear 66 to rotate through the toothed block 68, thus completing one cycle. Each time a cycle is completed, the rotation of the housing 41 can align the next material trough 42 with the conveying pipe 51. At this time, one material trough 42 is filled and the other opposite material trough 42 is discharged.

[0040] In actual use, before starting the equipment, connect the entire device to the traction device, and add seeds to the seed box 2. At this time, the current flowing through the electromagnet 414 is controlled to adjust the current: when the current increases, the repulsive force between the two electromagnets 414 increases, and they gradually move away from each other. At this time, the connecting rod 410 pushes the bottom plate 48 to slide along the material trough 42 to the outside of the outer shell 41, and the volume of the material trough 42 decreases; when the current decreases, the process is reversed, and the internal volume increases. After the volume of the material trough 42 is adjusted, the speed regulating component 6 drives the gear 3 66 to rotate according to the current forward speed. Since the gear 3 66 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 41, it can drive the outer shell 41 to rotate at this speed. During this process, since the side of the sliding plate 67 is hinged with multiple tooth blocks 68, these tooth blocks 68 are fixed to the outer shell 41. The gear 66 meshes with the slide plate 67. When the slide plate 67 moves up and down, the gear 66 can be driven to rotate by the tooth block 68. The one-way hinge of the tooth block 68 gives it a one-way transmission function: when the slide plate 67 moves down, the tooth block 68 is lifted up by friction, thereby locking the teeth of the gear 66 and causing the gear 66 to rotate at an angle; when the slide plate 67 moves up, the tooth block 68 encounters a reverse force, compresses the torsion spring and retracts into the rotating groove 69, and slides over the teeth of the gear 66 without driving it to rotate. In this way, each reciprocating motion of the slide plate 67 is converted into a one-way fixed angle intermittent rotation of the gear 66. At this time, the outer shell 41 can rotate periodically. The distance of each rotation of the outer shell 41 is the arc distance between two adjacent material troughs 42, and the rotation angle is the included angle between the two adjacent material troughs 42.

[0041] During the rotation of the outer casing 41, the connecting rod 410 located on the inner wall of the outer casing 41 also begins to move. Initially, one end of the push rod 417 contacts the lowest point of the inclined guide block 46. As the outer casing 41 rotates, the inclined guide block 46 inside it also rotates. At this time, the bottom end of the push rod 417 gradually slides into the fixed plate 415 along the curved surface of the inclined guide block 46, thereby compressing the spring 416. When the outer casing 41 rotates to the point where the opening of one of its material troughs 42 faces upward and aligns with the outlet of the seed box 2, the other material trough 42 is directly opposite the conveying pipe 51, and the push rod 417 just contacts the guide rod 44. At this time, the spring... Under the elastic force of 416, the push rod 417 quickly pops out downwards and inserts into the outlet groove 47, while simultaneously squeezing the guide rod 44, causing the guide rod 44 to slide downwards. At this time, the bottom of the material trough 42 is open, and the seeds in the material trough 42 fall into the conveying pipe 51 under the action of gravity. At the same time, the material trough 42 above will receive seeds from the seed box 2, completing one synchronous filling and conveying. When the outer shell 41 rotates for the second time, the material trough 42 carrying seeds will leave the area of ​​the seed box 2. During the entire rotation process of the outer shell 41, the outer arc surface of the outer shell 41 will be in close contact with the inner wall of the machine body 1 to avoid seed leakage and other situations.

[0042] When the seed-containing trough 42 rotates to the lowest point of the outer casing 41, that is, directly above the conveying pipe 51, the seeds in the trough 42 fall into the conveying pipe 51 below under the action of gravity. At the same time, the push rod 417, which is set on the fixed shaft 3, is inserted downward into the outlet groove 47 of the inclined guide block 46 corresponding to the trough 42. At this time, since the position of the push rod 417 is fixed, it can be inserted into the outlet groove 47. When the push rod 417 is inserted into the outlet groove 47, it will squeeze the guide rod 44. At this time, the guide rod 44... 4. The slide begins, simultaneously causing the cross plate 43 to slide towards the feed pipe 51. This breaks the arch structure formed by some seeds in the feed trough 42 through the cross plate 43, ensuring that the seeds can completely enter the feed pipe 51, and then it is ready to enter the next cycle. At the beginning of the next cycle, the push rod 417 will slide out from the outlet groove 47. At this time, the guide rod 44 will re-contact with the bottom plate 48 under the attraction of the magnetic block 45 and the inclined guide block 46. Throughout the process, the cross plate 43 remains in the feed trough 42.

[0043] Seeds falling from the conveying mechanism 4 enter the conveying cylinder 52 through the conveying pipe 51. At this time, the drum 53 rotates rapidly clockwise under the drive of an independent motor. Simultaneously, the electrostatic generator 55 is activated, which applies high-voltage static electricity to the surface of the dielectric insulating layer 54 of the drum 53 through a conductive slip ring. The dielectric insulating layer 54 is polarized under the influence of the high-voltage electric field, and its surface carries a static charge. When a seed falls from the conveying pipe 51 onto the surface of the drum 53 and comes into contact with it, because the seed is a dielectric material, it is instantaneously polarized in the electrostatic field. A charge opposite to that on the surface of the drum 53 is induced on the side closest to the drum 53. Simultaneously, due to the mutual attraction of positive and negative charges, the seed... The seeds are firmly adsorbed onto the surface of the roller 53 and then rotate with the roller 53. When the seeds rotate rapidly, they generate a strong centrifugal force. When the adsorbed seeds rotate with the roller 53 to the lowest point of the sowing position, they will come into contact with the seed brush plate 56. Through the gentle contact between the seed brush plate 56 and the surface of the roller 53, the adsorbed seeds can be forcibly brushed off. At this time, under the action of centrifugal force, the seeds can be ejected at extremely high speed along the tangential direction of the roller 53, and thus enter the seed discharge tube 57 which is tangential to the roller 53. This ensures that the seed discharge port is not easily blocked and there is no missed sowing. The seeds are finally accurately injected into the prepared seed furrow through the seed discharge tube 57, and the sowing is completed.

[0044] When the tractor's forward speed changes, the spreading frequency needs to be adjusted to ensure uniform spreading. This can be achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the furrowing disc. When the rotation speed of the furrowing disc increases, the rotation speed of the drive rod 61 also increases. At this time, the rotation of the drive rod 61 is transmitted to the transmission rod 63 through a pair of bevel gears 62. The transmission rod 63 then transmits the motion to the cam 610 through another pair of bevel gears 62 and gear 65. At this time, the rotation speed of the cam 610 increases. The profile of the cam 610 is pre-designed, and its lift corresponds to the displacement of the slide plate 67. When the rotation speed of the cam 610 increases, the speed at which it pushes the slide plate 67 in contact with it to make up-and-down reciprocating motion also increases. At the same time, since the slide plate 67 is connected to the machine body 1 through the spring 416, the slide plate 67 can always keep in close contact with the surface of the cam 610. At this time, the rotation frequency of gear 66 also increases, thereby increasing the spreading frequency.

[0045] During operation, the device first adjusts the volume of the feed trough 42 using an electromagnet 414 to accommodate different seeding rates. Then, the speed control component 6, linked to the furrowing wheel, drives the outer casing 41 to rotate intermittently. When the feed trough 42 reaches the bottom of the seed box 2, seed filling is complete. At the lowest point, the push rod 417 on the fixed shaft 3 inserts into the inclined guide block 46, driving the cross plate 43 to insert into the seeds and break the arch, allowing the seeds to fall smoothly into the conveying pipe 51. Once the seeds enter the conveying cylinder 52, they are instantly attracted by the high-voltage electrostatic roller 53. As the roller 53 rotates to the lowest point, the seeds are forcibly brushed off by the seed brush plate 56. Seeds are propelled tangentially into the seed furrow at high speed under centrifugal force, and finally covered with soil by the soil-covering and pressing wheel. The amount of seeds sown each time can be steplessly adjusted, and the machine can match agronomic requirements without stopping. At the same time, the cross plate 43 breaks up arches, effectively preventing seed blockage and ensuring continuous and smooth seeding. The speed control component 6 directly converts the forward speed into the seed dispensing frequency, thereby ensuring that the seed spacing remains constant at different machine speeds. During the sowing process, electrostatic adsorption is used for directional seeding, avoiding seed bouncing, thus significantly improving the sowing accuracy and adapting to harsh farmland environments.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An agricultural planting and seeding machine, comprising: The seed box (2) and fixed shaft (3) connected to the machine body (1) are characterized in that: the machine body (1) is provided with a material conveying mechanism (4), a seed dispensing component (5) and a speed regulating component (6); The material conveying mechanism (4) includes: a housing (41), an electromagnet (414), a push rod (417), a cross plate (43), a drive shaft (412), and a base plate (48). Several base plates (48) are slidably connected within the arc surface of the housing (41). There are two electromagnets (414) with their pole faces facing each other. The electromagnet (414) is slidably connected to the drive shaft (412). The push rod (417) is elastically connected to the drive shaft (412). The cross plate (43) is attracted to the housing (41). The electromagnet (414) is connected to the base plate (48). The seeding assembly (5) includes: an electrostatic generator (55), a roller (53) and a seed brush (56). The electrostatic generator (55) is connected to the roller (53). The surface of the roller (53) is provided with a dielectric insulating layer (54). The seed brush (56) is tangent to the arc surface of the roller (53). The speed regulating component (6) includes: a drive rod (61), a cam (610) and a slide plate (67). The drive rod (61) is connected to the cam (610) through gear transmission. The cam (610) contacts the slide plate (67). The surface of the slide plate (67) is hinged with a number of evenly arranged tooth blocks (68). The outer shell (41) is fixedly connected with a gear three (66). The slide plate (67) is connected to the gear three (66) through the tooth blocks (68).

2. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed box (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the machine body (1). The outer shell (41) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the machine body (1) through bearings. Several material grooves (42) are opened on the surface of the outer shell (41). Several inclined guide blocks (46) are fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the outer shell (41). The inclined guide block (46) is triangular in shape. The inclined surface of the inclined guide block (46) is curved. The drive shaft (412) passes through the outer shell (41) and is fixedly connected to it. Several evenly arranged guide grooves (413) are opened on the surface of the drive shaft (412).

3. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base plate (48) is provided with several of them and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the material trough (42). Fixing members (49) are fixedly connected at the four corners of the base plate (48). The fixing members (49) are slidably connected to the outer shell (41). A connecting rod (410) is hinged at the end of the fixing member (49). A guide ring (411) is hinged at the other end of the connecting rod (410). The guide ring (411) passes through the guide groove (413) and is fixedly connected to an electromagnet (414). The guide ring (411) and the electromagnet (414) are slidably connected to the drive shaft (412). Two adjacent electromagnets (414) have the same pole face facing each other.

4. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sides of several inclined guide blocks (46) are provided with outlet grooves (47), and guide rods (44) are slidably connected in the outlet grooves (47). A magnetic block (45) is fixedly connected to the surface of the guide rod (44). The magnetic block (45) is attracted to the inner wall of one corner of the inclined guide block (46) near the electromagnet (414). One end of the guide rod (44) passes through the outer shell (41) and the bottom plate (48) in sequence, and is fixedly connected to the cross plate (43). The cross plate (43) is embedded in the surface of the bottom plate (48).

5. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 4, characterized in that: A fixed shaft (3) is fixedly connected inside the body (1). The fixed shaft (3) passes through the outer shell (41) and the electromagnet (414) in sequence and is sleeved on the inner wall of both. A fixed disk (415) is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed shaft (3). A vertically downward push rod (417) is slidably connected inside the fixed disk (415). A spring (416) is sleeved on the surface of the push rod (417). One end of the spring (416) is fixedly connected to the push rod (417), and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed disk (415). In the initial state, the push rod (417) is in a compressed state. The diameter of the push rod (417) is smaller than the width of the outlet groove (47).

6. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material transfer cylinder (52) is fixedly connected to the material transfer pipe (51). The upper end of the material transfer pipe (51) is located at the lowest point of the outer shell (41). The lower end of the material transfer pipe (51) is fixedly connected to the material transfer cylinder (52). The material transfer pipe (51) and the material transfer cylinder (52) are both fixedly connected to the machine body (1). A roller (53) is rotatably connected inside the material transfer cylinder (52). The outer arc surface of the roller (53) is a dielectric insulating layer (54). An electrostatic generator (55) is fixedly connected to the surface of the material transfer cylinder (52).

7. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrostatic generator (55) is in contact with the surface of the roller (53). A seed dispensing pipe (57) is provided below the material conveying cylinder (52). A seed brush plate (56) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the material conveying cylinder (52). The seed brush plate (56) is in contact with the surface of the roller (53). The output direction of the seed dispensing pipe (57) is tangent to the roller (53).

8. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the slide plate (67) is provided with several evenly arranged rotating grooves (69), and several tooth blocks (68) are all set on the side of the slide plate (67) near the gear three (66). One corner of the tooth block (68) is in contact with the surface of the slide plate (67), and the other corner is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove (69) through a torsion spring hinge. The tooth block (68) is meshed with the gear three (66), the gear three (66) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (41), and rotatably connected to the fixed shaft (3). The slide plate (67) is elastically connected to the body (1).

9. The agricultural planting and sowing machinery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The body (1) is rotatably connected to a cam (610) and a transmission rod (63) via a bearing. The side of the cam (610) contacts the lower end of the slide plate (67). A gear two (65) is fixedly connected to the surface of the cam (610). Gear two (65) meshes with gear one (64).

10. An agricultural planting and seeding machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: A bevel gear (62) is fixedly connected to the surface of gear one (64). The drive rod (61) is rotatably connected to the body (1), and a bevel gear (62) is fixedly connected at the middle position of the drive rod (61). One end of the transmission rod (63) is meshed with the bevel gear (62) on the surface of gear three (66) through a bevel gear (62), and the other end of the transmission rod (63) is meshed with the bevel gear (62) on the surface of the drive rod (61) through a bevel gear (62).

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