A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception

Abstract

The application discloses a ship drag reduction equipment based on flow field sensing and belongs to the technical field of ship energy-saving equipment, which comprises a ship outer plate, a flow field sensing module arranged on the ship outer plate, a transmission module sequentially arranged inside the ship outer plate and in transmission connection with the flow field sensing module, and a gas releasing module controlled to be opened and closed by the transmission module; the flow field sensing module comprises a plurality of bionic sensing scales laid on the surface of the ship outer plate; the bionic sensing scales swing under the action of local flow field pressure difference, drive an asymmetric transmission lever to deflect through a vertical traction rod, and further drive a plunger valve core to reciprocate to open or close the gas releasing action. The adaptive regulation and control mechanism based on physical pressure difference enables cold / hot high-pressure gas to be accurately distributed according to the actual flow field resistance conditions of each part of the ship, which not only meets the demand of rapidly supplementing the air film in the high-resistance area, but also avoids the energy waste caused by the global blind gas releasing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of ship energy-saving equipment, specifically a ship drag reduction device based on flow field sensing. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the global shipping industry has faced increasingly stringent requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction. When a ship navigates in water, the resistance generated by the friction between the hull and the water flow accounts for a large proportion of the ship's total resistance (especially for large oil tankers and bulk carriers, where frictional resistance can reach over 70%). To reduce energy consumption, existing technologies typically employ bubble drag reduction methods, which involve injecting air into the boundary layer at the bottom of the ship to form an air-lubricating film, thereby reducing the shear force of the water flow on the hull.

[0003] Existing active airflow distribution drag reduction systems typically rely on a dense array of electronic pressure sensors distributed across the ship's hull surface to collect flow field data. This data is then processed by a central processing unit to control distributed solenoid valves for gas release. However, due to the extreme complexity of the ship's navigation environment (high salinity, high humidity, and wave impact), electronic sensor systems are highly susceptible to damage. Furthermore, the energy consumption of data centers and air conditioning systems is already enormous; adding an electronically controlled drag reduction system would only exacerbate the electrical load. Simultaneously, existing airflow distribution methods cannot provide real-time, precise, and physically adaptive responses to rapidly changing local flow fields. This results in over-inflation in low-resistance areas and rupture of the air film in high-resistance areas. The problem of rational airflow organization and distribution remains unresolved, leading to poor overall energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the problem that existing technical solutions are too simplistic and provides a solution that is significantly different from existing technologies. Specifically, the present invention mainly provides a ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception includes a hull hull plate, a flow field perception module is provided on the hull hull plate, a transmission module that is drively connected to the flow field perception module is provided inside the hull hull plate, and a gas release module that is controlled to open and close by the transmission module. The flow field sensing module includes multiple biomimetic sensing scales laid on the surface of the hull's outer plating. The transmission module includes a vertical traction rod and an asymmetrical transmission lever; The gas release module includes a valve body fixed inside the hull and a plunger valve core slidably connected inside the valve body. The biomimetic sensing scales oscillate under the action of local flow field pressure difference, and drive the asymmetric transmission lever to deflect through the vertical traction rod, thereby driving the plunger valve core to slide back and forth to open or close the gas release action.

[0006] Preferably, the hull outer plate has multiple evenly distributed mounting grooves, the biomimetic sensing scales are streamlined thin plate structures, laid flat in the mounting grooves, the water-facing end of the biomimetic sensing scales is hinged to the hull outer plate through a water-facing end hinge, and the biomimetic sensing scales are flush with the surface of the hull outer plate when not triggered.

[0007] Preferably, a lower chamber for buffering and guiding gas is formed between the lower part of the biomimetic sensing scale and the mounting groove.

[0008] Preferably, a fixed base is provided inside the outer hull plate, and a lever fulcrum seat is installed on the fixed base. The middle part of the asymmetric transmission lever is hinged to the lever fulcrum seat. The upper end of the vertical traction rod is hinged to the backwater end of the bionic sensing scale, and the lower end is hinged to the short lever arm end of the asymmetric transmission lever.

[0009] Preferably, the valve body has a vertical cylindrical cavity inside, the plunger valve core is embedded in the cylindrical cavity and slidably connected to the inner wall of the valve body, and the top of the plunger valve core is hinged to the long lever end of the asymmetric transmission lever by a pin.

[0010] Preferably, the venting module further includes a return spring sleeved on the bottom of the plunger valve core, the bottom of the return spring abutting against the preload adjustment component; Preferably, the preload adjustment assembly includes an adjustment screw threaded to the bottom of the valve body, a pressure-bearing support plate movably connected to the top of the adjustment screw, and a reset spring supported between the pressure-bearing support plate and the plunger valve core.

[0011] Preferably, the side wall of the valve body is provided with an annular gas release channel that connects to the lower chamber of the scales, and the innermost side of the gas release module is provided with a constant pressure gas storage chamber, which is connected to a cylindrical cavity through the bottom of the valve body. The outer wall of the plunger valve core is embedded with a dynamic sealing ring, which completely blocks the annular venting channel when the valve is locked.

[0012] Preferably, the back surface of the biomimetic sensing scale is processed with longitudinally distributed drainage micro-channels, and the surface of the biomimetic sensing scale is coated with a superhydrophobic nano-coating.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) This invention directly controls the valve opening of the gas release module by biomimetic sensing the swing amplitude (lifting height) of the scales. When the flow field deteriorates at a certain point (such as boundary layer separation) and generates a huge transient negative pressure suction force, the scales at that point are instantly sucked up. The displacement is amplified by the asymmetric lever, and the piston valve core moves downward in linkage, quickly opening the gas valve to release microbubbles. The worse the flow field, the greater the suction force, the deeper the gas valve opening, and the greater the air intake. Based on the adaptive control mechanism of physical pressure difference, cold / hot high-pressure gas can be accurately distributed according to the actual flow field resistance conditions at various parts of the hull. This not only meets the need for rapid replenishment of gas film in high resistance areas, but also avoids the energy waste caused by blind gas release throughout the entire area.

[0014] (2) In order to adapt to the basic hydrodynamic environment at different speeds, the present invention adopts an adjustable preload adjustment component inside the venting module; by rotating the adjustment screw to change the height of the pressure support plate, the preload of the reset spring on the plunger valve core is adjusted, ensuring that the equipment can set a reasonable "trigger threshold" at both low-speed and high-speed navigation, which greatly improves the practicality and adaptability of the equipment to ships under different working conditions.

[0015] (3) The biomimetic sensing scales of the present invention swing back and forth through micro hinges, which not only effectively regulates the airflow distribution, but also the biomimetic micro guide grooves on the surface of the scales can sort out the turbulence, further improve the local flow field distribution, and synergistically improve the overall mechanical drag reduction efficiency.

[0016] The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional connection diagram of the overall system of the present invention in the untriggered state; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the array arrangement and microtexture of the biomimetic sensing scales on the surface of the ship hull according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the preload adjustment component of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Hull plating; 2. Bionic sensing scales; 3. Water-facing hinge; 4. Lower chamber of scales; 5. Vertical traction rod; 6. Lever fulcrum seat; 7. Asymmetric transmission lever; 8. Valve body; 9. Plunger valve core; 10. Return spring; 11. Annular venting channel; 12. Constant pressure gas storage chamber; 13. Dynamic sealing ring; 14. Adjusting screw; 15. Adjusting nut; 16. Pressure bearing plate; 17. Drainage micro-guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and complete.

[0020] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly associated with those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Example 1

[0022] Please refer carefully to the attached diagram. Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, a ship drag reduction device based on flow field sensing includes a hull plate 1, on which a flow field sensing module is disposed. Inside the hull plate 1, a transmission module connected to the flow field sensing module and a gas release module controlled by the transmission module are sequentially disposed. The surface of the hull plate 1 has multiple evenly distributed mounting grooves. The flow field sensing module includes multiple biomimetic sensing scales 2 laid flat in the mounting grooves. The water-facing end of the biomimetic sensing scales 2 is hinged to the hull plate 1 through a water-facing end hinge 3 and is flush with the surface of the hull plate 1 in the untriggered state.

[0023] The equipment is modularly mounted on the hull 1. The bionic sensing scales 2 are installed using a water-facing hinge, allowing them to perfectly conform to the hull in a stable flow field. This not only avoids increasing the ship's drag but also protects the internal transmission mechanism from direct impacts from marine debris. A lower chamber 4 is formed between the bionic sensing scales 2 and the mounting groove. This chamber not only provides physical space for the scales' slight downward elastic deformation but also serves as a high-pressure gas buffer and flow equalization area for the subsequent gas release module, preventing excessive gas ejection. Example 2

[0024] Based on Embodiment 1, please refer carefully to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, the transmission module includes a vertical traction rod 5 and an asymmetric transmission lever 7. A fixed base is provided inside the outer plate 1 of the hull, and a lever fulcrum seat 6 is installed on the fixed base. The middle part of the asymmetric transmission lever 7 is hinged to the lever fulcrum seat 6. The upper end of the vertical traction rod 5 is hinged to the backwater end of the bionic sensing scale 2, and the lower end is hinged to the short lever arm end of the asymmetric transmission lever 7. The gas release module includes a valve body 8 fixed inside the hull and a plunger valve core 9 slidably connected inside the valve body 8. The top end of the plunger valve core 9 is hinged to the long lever arm end of the asymmetric transmission lever 7 by a pin. The side wall of the valve body 8 has an annular gas release channel 11 that connects to the lower chamber 4 of the scale. The innermost side of the gas release module has a constant pressure gas storage chamber 12. The dynamic sealing ring 13 is embedded in the outer wall of the plunger valve core 9.

[0025] During ship navigation, the flow field is constantly changing. In this device, the high-pressure cold gas in the constant-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is distributed to the external space of the hull via the gas release module. Since the plunger valve core 9 is slidably installed in the valve body 8 and carries the dynamic sealing ring 13, the vertical sliding range of the plunger valve core 9 directly affects the opening of the annular gas release channel 11: the greater the downward sliding range, the larger the exposed area of ​​the annular gas release channel 11, and the greater the gas intake. Furthermore, since the displacement of the plunger valve core 9 responds to the oscillation of the biomimetic sensing scale 2 (through the linkage of the vertical traction rod 5 and the asymmetric transmission lever 7), when the flow field deteriorates at a certain point and the boundary layer breaks down to form turbulence, according to Bernoulli's principle, a huge transient negative pressure suction force is instantaneously generated in that area. The biomimetic sensing scale 2 senses the physical pressure difference, causing its tail to be lifted. The more severe the flow field deterioration, the greater the suction force and the larger the scale's oscillation amplitude. Consequently, the asymmetric transmission lever 7 proportionally amplifies its stroke, forcing the plunger valve core 9 to move significantly downward, ensuring sufficient bubble supply to the high-resistance area. Conversely, when the flow field is stable and no negative pressure is generated, the scale closes, cutting off gas inflow to that area. Through the synergistic effect of this real-time physical sensing and adjustment unit for local pressure differences, bubbles can be precisely distributed according to the actual friction force, achieving optimal drag reduction and conserving gas resources. Example 3

[0026] Based on Example 2, please refer carefully to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, the biomimetic sensing scales 2 are arranged in an array on the surface of the hull plate 1, and the back surface of the biomimetic sensing scales 2 is processed with longitudinally distributed flow-guiding micro-grooves 17. The surface of the biomimetic sensing scales 2 is coated with a superhydrophobic nano-coating.

[0027] To further improve the rational distribution of airflow, the micro-guide groove 17 in this embodiment has a strong guiding effect on the overflowing airflow. When the biomimetic sensing scale 2 is triggered by the pressure difference to lift and release high-pressure bubbles, the micro-bubbles first fill the lower chamber 4 of the scale, and then are forcibly combed into a fine bubble flow band parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hull along the micro-guide groove 17 on the back surface of the scale. This design not only prevents the disorderly expansion and premature rupture of bubbles, but its disturbance effect also makes the airflow easier and more uniformly diffuse into the boundary layer. At the same time, the staggered array arrangement allows the overflowing air film in the front row to cover the subsequent hull area, greatly reducing the triggering frequency of the scales in the subsequent area and improving the overall heat dissipation and drag reduction efficiency. The superhydrophobic nano-coating further reduces the basic coefficient of friction between the water flow and the scale surface. Example 4

[0028] Based on Embodiment 3, please refer carefully to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, the gas release module also includes a return spring 10 sleeved on the bottom of the plunger valve core 9, and the preload adjustment assembly includes an adjustment screw 14 threaded to the bottom of the valve body 8 and a pressure-bearing plate 16 movably connected to the top of the adjustment screw 14. The return spring 10 is supported between the pressure-bearing plate 16 and the plunger valve core 9.

[0029] Because different types of ships have different design speeds and drafts, the basic hydrodynamic pressures they face also vary. An adjustable preload adjustment component allows this device to be used on ships of different tonnages and speeds. During installation or commissioning, rotating the adjusting screw 14 at the bottom of the valve body 8 drives the pressure plate 16 to move up and down. When the pressure plate 16 moves upward, the compression of the return spring 10 increases, thus increasing the upward preload on the plunger valve core 9 (corresponding to a greater negative flow pressure required to trigger opening); when the pressure plate 16 moves downward, the preload decreases. This mechanical threshold adjustment design ensures that the biomimetic sensing scales 2 maintain a keen perception of real turbulent patches and avoid false triggering during both low-speed (low basic dynamic pressure) and high-speed (high basic dynamic pressure) navigation, significantly improving the practicality and adaptability of this device.

[0030] Detailed instructions for the equipment's operation: When the ship is sailing under stable conditions, the water flow is laminar along the wall. At this time, the preload provided by the return springs 10 at various locations is greater than the lift force of the small normal fluctuation of the water flow. The dynamic seal ring 13 seals the annular venting channel 11, and the ship's airflow distribution system is in a zero-energy standby sensing state.

[0031] When a certain area of ​​the hull encounters wave disturbance or high-friction turbulent patches are generated due to boundary layer separation caused by attached materials, the transient negative pressure suction force in that area increases dramatically, overcoming the spring preload at the corresponding location and lifting the backwater end of one or more biomimetic sensing scales 2 at that location.

[0032] The lifting and swinging of the biomimetic sensing scale 2 pulls the vertical traction rod 5, which, through the action of the asymmetric transmission lever 7, pushes the plunger valve core 9 downward. The compressed air in the constant pressure gas storage chamber 12 then passes through the exposed annular gas release channel 11 into the lower chamber 4 of the scale, and finally overflows in the form of microbubbles along the drainage micro-guide groove 17. The higher the scale is lifted, the greater the amount of gas released.

[0033] The overflowing tiny bubbles form an air lubricating film, instantly disrupting the turbulent vortex and eliminating the high frictional resistance in the area. As the local negative pressure suction weakens and disappears, the bionic sensing scales 2 are instantly flattened and closed by the combined action of the return spring 10 and the positive impact force of the water flow. The airflow channel is then locked again, completing a closed loop of local flow field adaptive airflow distribution and drag reduction.

[0034] The present invention has been described by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvement made by adopting the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification, shall be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception, characterized in that: The ship includes an outer hull plate (1), on which a flow field sensing module is provided. Inside the outer hull plate (1), a transmission module that is connected to the flow field sensing module is provided in sequence, and a gas release module that is controlled to open and close by the transmission module is provided. The flow field sensing module includes multiple biomimetic sensing scales (2) laid on the surface of the hull plating (1). The transmission module includes a vertical traction rod (5) and an asymmetrical transmission lever (7). The gas release module includes a valve body (8) fixed inside the hull and a plunger valve core (9) slidably connected inside the valve body (8). The biomimetic sensing scale (2) oscillates under the action of local flow field pressure difference, and drives the asymmetric transmission lever (7) to deflect through the vertical traction rod (5), thereby driving the plunger valve core (9) to slide back and forth to open or close the gas release action.

2. The ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hull outer plate (1) has multiple evenly distributed mounting grooves. The bionic sensing scale (2) is a streamlined thin plate structure that is laid flat in the mounting groove. The water-facing end of the bionic sensing scale (2) is hinged to the hull outer plate (1) through the water-facing end hinge (3). The bionic sensing scale (2) is flush with the surface of the hull outer plate (1) when not triggered.

3. The ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biomimetic sensing scale (2) forms a scale lower chamber (4) between its lower surface and the mounting groove for buffering and guiding gas flow.

4. The ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hull plate (1) is provided with a fixed base inside, on which a lever fulcrum seat (6) is installed. The middle part of the asymmetric transmission lever (7) is hinged to the lever fulcrum seat (6). The upper end of the vertical traction rod (5) is hinged to the backwater end of the bionic sensing scale (2), and the lower end is hinged to the short lever arm end of the asymmetric transmission lever (7).

5. A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 4, characterized in that: The valve body (8) has a vertical cylindrical cavity inside, and the plunger valve core (9) is embedded in the cylindrical cavity and slidably connected to the inner wall of the valve body (8). The top of the plunger valve core (9) is hinged to the long lever arm end of the asymmetric transmission lever (7) by a pin.

6. A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas release module also includes a return spring (10) sleeved on the bottom of the plunger valve core (9), and the bottom of the return spring (10) abuts against the preload adjustment component; The preload adjustment assembly includes an adjustment screw (14) threaded to the bottom of the valve body (8) and a pressure plate (16) movably connected to the top of the adjustment screw (14). The reset spring (10) is supported between the pressure plate (16) and the plunger valve core (9).

7. A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 5, characterized in that: The valve body (8) has an annular gas release channel (11) on its side wall that connects to the lower chamber (4) of the scale. The innermost side of the gas release module is provided with a constant pressure gas storage chamber (12). The constant pressure gas storage chamber (12) is connected to a cylindrical cavity through the bottom of the valve body (8). The outer wall of the plunger valve core (9) is fitted with a dynamic sealing ring (13), which completely blocks the annular venting channel (11) when the valve is locked.

8. A ship drag reduction device based on flow field perception according to claim 3, characterized in that: The biomimetic sensing scale (2) has longitudinally distributed drainage micro-channels (17) on its back surface, and the surface of the biomimetic sensing scale (2) is coated with a superhydrophobic nano-coating.

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