A kind of imitative tile self-adhesive waterproof system for steep roof and its construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building waterproof construction, and discloses a tile-like self-adhesive waterproof system for a large-gradient roof and a construction method thereof, which is composed of a wooden base layer subjected to special pretreatment and fireproof treatment, an additional waterproof layer, a tile-like self-adhesive main coiled material layer and a mechanical fixing and sealing assembly. The construction method comprises the following steps: rabbet paving and fireproof treatment of the base layer, special corrosion-proof sealing of the pinus sylvestris or Chinese fir, positioning by a spring line and paving and pasting of a node additional layer, mechanical fixing and double-sealing lap joint of the main coiled material, and final water spraying acceptance and load checking. Through the core technical system of mechanical fixing, double sealing and special corrosion-proof, the application effectively solves the industry problems of easy sliding of the coiled material of the large-gradient roof, easy leakage of the node and easy decay of the wooden base layer, and integrates green low-carbon and energy-saving design, so that the safety, durability and environmental protection of the roof system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building waterproofing construction technology, specifically to a self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Wooden roofs, especially steeply pitched wooden roofs, are widely used due to their excellent drainage performance and aesthetically pleasing design. However, waterproofing these roofs has long been a challenge.

[0003] Based on literature review and technical research, existing waterproofing technologies for steep-slope wooden roofs mainly cover the "Construction Method of Self-Adhesive Waterproofing Membrane for Wooden Roofs" disclosed in patent application CN108487538A and general waterproofing solutions. Both types of solutions have significant technical limitations and cannot meet the stringent waterproofing requirements of easily decaying wooden roofs such as steep-slope pine.

[0004] While the CN108487538A patent solution focuses on waterproofing applications for wooden roofs, it has significant shortcomings in its core technologies: First, the anti-corrosion treatment of the wooden base layer lacks specificity. It fails to consider the texture and pore structure characteristics of easily decaying woods such as Pinus sylvestris and establish a specialized process system of "precise removal of decay - dynamic control of moisture content - application of special high-adhesion anti-corrosion coating," resulting in inherent deficiencies in the durability of the base layer's anti-corrosion properties and a significantly shortened overall service life. Second, the anti-slip design lacks adaptability. The recommended fixing method relies solely on the self-adhesiveness of the roll material, without constructing a mechanical-adhesive composite anti-slip mechanism, resulting in insufficient anti-slip protection and easy roll material slippage in practical applications. Third, the joint sealing system design is simplistic. It fails to construct a multi-layered sealing protection system for irregular joints such as gutters and ridges, highlighting shortcomings in leakage prevention and control. Fourth, it does not incorporate green building concepts. The environmental friendliness of materials and the energy-saving design of the system are lacking, making it difficult to meet the core standards of green building regarding resource recycling and low carbon emissions.

[0005] The technical defects of general-purpose waterproofing solutions (general anti-corrosion coating base treatment + self-adhesive fixing of roll material) are more concrete: First, insufficient material compatibility. General-purpose anti-corrosion coatings have poor compatibility with the texture and pore size of woods such as Pinus sylvestris, and the adhesion is generally lower than 0.8MPa, making it difficult to form a deep-penetrating protective layer. The base layer is prone to decay and mold, and the service life is only 3-5 years, far below industry expectations. Second, lack of anti-slip mechanism. No mechanical anti-slip reinforcement structure is set, and it only relies on the self-adhesiveness of the roll material to provide anti-slip force. In the case of roofs with a slope of ≥25°, the roll material is prone to continuous slippage due to its own weight and environmental loads. Third, insufficient sealing protection at joints. Complex joints such as gutters and ridges still use a single sealing method, which is a high-frequency location for leakage accidents. Fourth, lack of green performance. Key elements such as VOC content control of materials and integration of energy-saving structures are not included in the design scope, which is significantly different from the core requirements of modern green buildings in terms of resource recycling, low carbon emissions, and energy conservation.

[0006] In summary, given the special working conditions of easily decaying wooden roofs such as steep-slope pine, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a new waterproofing system and standardized construction method that is precisely adapted to the working conditions of steep-slope wooden roofs and integrates the core advantages of long-lasting anti-corrosion, high-efficiency anti-slip, tight sealing and green low-carbon features. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-adhesive waterproofing system for roofs with steep slopes and its construction method, thereby solving at least one technical problem mentioned in the background art.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A self-adhesive waterproofing system for roofs with steep slopes, comprising, from top to bottom, a self-adhesive waterproofing main roll layer, an additional waterproofing layer, a wooden base layer, mechanical fastening components, and sealing components; The surface of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproof main roll layer has an imitation tile texture, and a self-adhesive layer is provided at the bottom. The additional waterproof layer is laid in the roof gutters, around the dormer windows, and at the ridge joints; The wooden base layer is a tongue and groove board made of Pinus sylvestris or Cunninghamia lanceolata that has undergone special pretreatment and fireproofing. The mechanical fastening assembly includes a stainless steel pressure strip and screws for fastening the lower end of the roll material, and stainless steel self-tapping screws for fastening the sheath. The sealing assembly includes a two-component polyurethane sealant and pressure-sensitive tape for lap joints, and an elastic sealant for base layer gaps.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific pretreatment for using pine wood substrates includes: Inspect and remove rotten wood segments with a depth greater than 5mm, and use 80-grit sandpaper to sand the surface along the wood grain. Apply water-based Pinus sylvestris anticorrosive coating to the entire surface of the sanded base layer. The first coat should have a dry film thickness of ≥0.15mm. After drying, apply a second coat with a total dry film thickness of ≥0.3mm. After the anti-corrosion coating has cured, the gaps in the base layer are filled and sealed, and a matching primer with a solid content of ≥60% is applied using the "cross-hatching method". The preferred substrate for the Pinus sylvestris base layer is made of board treated with ACQ environmentally friendly preservative under vacuum pressure, with a preservative retention amount ≥4kg / m³.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific pretreatment of the fir wood substrate includes: Use 60-grit sandpaper to coarsely grind away loose wood fibers, then use 100-grit sandpaper to finely grind until the roughness Ra≤12.5μm; blow away dust from the gaps with compressed air at 0.4-0.6MPa; spray atomized elastic sealant with a particle size of 50-100μm onto the fine gaps with a width <2mm; apply wood penetrant with a solid content ≥70%, and apply the matching primer after drying for 2 hours.

[0011] Furthermore, in the mechanical fixing assembly, the stainless steel pressure strip has a specification of 20mm×1.2mm, and the screw spacing is ≤250mm; the stainless steel self-tapping screws are screwed into the purlin at a 30°-45° angle to the surface of the sheath, with a screw spacing of 300-500mm, and each sheath has at least 2 fixing points on each purlin, with the screw head recessed into the surface of the sheath by 2-3mm.

[0012] Furthermore, in the sealing assembly, the width of the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is 50mm; the Shore A hardness of the elastic sealant is 40-50; for dry cracks with a base layer width ≤3mm, the elastic sealant is directly filled; for cracks with a width >3mm, a wood strip with the same texture treated with the same anti-corrosion coating is first embedded, and then the elastic sealant is filled.

[0013] A construction method for a self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Base layer pretreatment, including tongue and groove installation, fireproofing treatment and surface treatment; Step Two: Marking and Positioning, and Construction of Additional Layers; Step 3: Laying and sealing the main roll material overlaps; Step 4: Post-construction acceptance and load calculation.

[0014] Furthermore, in step one, the tongue and groove paving is laid sequentially from the eaves to the ridge along the roof slope direction, the tongue and groove of the sheathing board are precisely interlocked, a 3-5mm expansion joint is reserved between the boards, and the joints of the upper and lower layers are staggered by ≥300mm. Fireproofing treatment uses water-based thin-film fireproof coating, which is applied in layers by air spraying. The spray gun is 15-25cm away from the board surface. The thickness of the first coat is 0.5-1.0mm. After natural drying for 4-6 hours, the coating is repeated until the total dry film thickness is ≥1.5mm. After surface treatment, the flatness error of the base layer should be ≤2mm / 2m. Before applying the anti-corrosion coating, the moisture content of the base layer should be controlled at 12%-18%. If the moisture content is >18%, hot air drying at 50-60℃ should be used.

[0015] Furthermore, in step two, a baseline for laying the roll material and a control line in the direction of water flow every 5 meters are marked on the pre-treated base layer; the width of the additional waterproof layer is 800mm, and the extension width along the node outline is ≥300mm; the laying adopts a segmented pressing and bonding process, with each segment laying length ≤1.5m, and a 20kg rubber pressure roller is used to roll and press and release air along the wavy valley line of the roll material.

[0016] Furthermore, in step three, the main roofing membrane is laid from bottom to top, with the lower end of the membrane secured by stainless steel strips. The release film is peeled off at a speed of 0.3-0.8 m / min and laid simultaneously. The overlap length between the upper and lower layers of membrane is 120-150 mm, and the overlap width between the left and right layers is 100 mm. Two-component polyurethane sealant is applied to the overlap joints, and the joints are covered with pressure-sensitive tape and compacted with a rubber roller. When the actual roof slope is 2-5° less than the design slope, the main roofing membrane is laid at a 15° angle to the slope direction. An additional 500 mm wide layer is added to the lowest depression area of ​​the roof, and the drainage outlets are increased to one per 80 square meters. In rainy areas with an annual rainfall of ≥1200 mm, an additional layer of water-based polyurethane topcoat with a dry film thickness of ≥0.8 mm is applied after construction. In cold regions with an average monthly temperature of ≤-5℃ in the coldest month, a modified imitation tile membrane with a low temperature of -40℃ and no cracks is selected. Insulation boards are laid on the outside of the joints and bonded with sealant.

[0017] Furthermore, in step four, post-construction acceptance includes a water spray test, with no leakage as the passing standard; load calculation is carried out in accordance with the "Code for Design of Building Structures" GB50009, and the calculated load includes the additional static load of the waterproofing system of 0.28kN / ㎡, the live load of 0.5kN / ㎡, the regional snow load and wind load, which must meet the following requirements: the bending stress of the wooden purlins ≤17MPa, the deflection ≤L / 250, where L is the purlin span, and the anti-slip force of the roll material system ≥ the component of the roof force perpendicular to the slope direction.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Long-lasting corrosion protection: Through the "decay removal - specialized corrosion protection - gap treatment" process for Pinus sylvestris, combined with a special coating with an adhesion of ≥1.5MPa, the service life of the base layer is significantly extended from 3-5 years in the traditional process to more than 20 years, effectively solving the durability bottleneck of the wooden base layer.

[0019] 2. Ultra-high anti-slip: It adopts a composite anti-slip system of "mechanical fixing with stainless steel pressure strips + segmented pressing and bonding". Tests have shown that its anti-slip force is more than 30% higher than that of simple self-adhesive process. It can be safely applied to roofs with a slope of ≥30°, solving the technical problem of roll material slippage.

[0020] 3. Ultimate sealing: The dual sealing design of the node additional layer and "sealant + pressure-sensitive tape" reduces the system leakage rate by more than 90% compared with the traditional single sealing solution, achieving reliable protection for complex nodes.

[0021] 4. Green and low-carbon: The system uses ACQ environmentally friendly preservatives, water-based fireproof coatings and low-VOC roll materials to ensure environmental protection from the source of materials; the tongue and groove sheathing of Pinus sylvestris increases the utilization rate of wood by about 15% and reduces construction waste; the renewable characteristics of wood combined with the long life of the system significantly reduces carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle.

[0022] 5. Energy Saving and Efficiency Improvement: Utilizing the low thermal conductivity of Pinus sylvestris wood (approximately 0.12 W / (m·K)) and waterproof membrane to form an integrated "thermal insulation-waterproofing" system, calculations show that this can effectively reduce the roof's heat transfer coefficient by approximately 20%, improving the building's energy efficiency. Simultaneously, standardized construction procedures increase overall construction efficiency by 40% and shorten the construction period by approximately 30%. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the construction method of a self-adhesive waterproofing system for imitation tile roofs for steeply pitched roofs according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a baseline layout diagram for laying roof rolls with steep slopes in this invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the additional layer at the ridge node and the main roll material installation in this invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the lap joint sealing treatment in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-4As shown, this invention is a self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs and its construction method. This invention addresses the industry pain points of waterproofing construction on steeply pitched wooden roofs (primarily composed of easily decaying materials such as pine and fir), and specifically solves the following four core technical problems: The problem of wood substrates being prone to decay and having poor durability: Existing technologies use general-purpose anti-corrosion coatings, which have poor compatibility with the texture and pores of woods such as Pinus sylvestris (adhesion is generally below 0.8MPa), and cannot form a deep-penetrating protective layer, resulting in the substrate being prone to mold and decay, with a service life of only 3-5 years; moreover, no special anti-corrosion process has been established for the characteristics of wood, and improper control of moisture content further aggravates the risk of decay.

[0027] The problem of easy slippage of roofing membranes on steep slopes: Existing solutions rely solely on the self-adhesiveness of the membrane to provide anti-slip force, without the installation of mechanical fixing and reinforcement structures. In roof scenarios with a slope of ≥25°, the membrane is prone to continuous slippage due to its own weight and environmental loads (wind, snow), affecting the integrity of the waterproofing.

[0028] The problem of leakage at complex nodes: Existing technologies do not adequately consider the hydrodynamic characteristics of irregular nodes such as gutters, roof ridges, and dormer windows. They only use a single sealing method and do not build a multi-layer protection system. These nodes become high-frequency leakage sites and cannot completely eliminate the leakage risks.

[0029] The problem of insufficient adaptation to green, low-carbon and energy-saving: the existing solutions do not incorporate the concept of green building, the VOC content of materials is not controlled, energy-saving structures are lacking, and the wood paving process generates a lot of waste and has a low utilization rate, which is significantly different from the core requirements of modern green buildings in resource recycling, low carbon emissions, and energy conservation. Please see Figure 1 The construction of this invention follows a rigorous logical process. First, all construction preparations and confirmation of the substrate conditions must be completed before proceeding to the core "substrate pretreatment" stage. This stage, based on the different material characteristics of pine or fir, is divided into two differentiated process paths, performing the aforementioned specialized treatments. This is the cornerstone of ensuring the system's long-term durability. Subsequent line marking, additional layer, and main membrane construction must strictly follow the sequence shown in the diagram. Finally, the "water spray test" and "load calculation" together constitute the dual verification standards for system performance, neither of which can be omitted.

[0030] Please see Figure 2 Precise positioning with markers is crucial before actual installation. First, the ridgeline and eaves lines should be marked as references. Then, multiple parallel reference lines should be marked at intervals equal to the width of the roll material (e.g., 1.2 meters). To ensure straight installation, a control line should be marked every 5 meters in the direction of water flow. This reference line system is essential for ensuring flat installation and consistent overlap of the roll material.

[0031] Please see Figure 3 The ridge joint is a critical area for roof waterproofing. This invention incorporates enhanced design features. During construction, on a pre-treated wooden base layer (including tongue-and-groove installation, fireproofing, corrosion protection, and primer), an 800mm wide additional layer is first laid, completely covering the ridge line. Subsequently, the main roofing membrane is laid from bottom to top. At the starting end (or lowest point) of the membrane laying, mechanical fixing with stainless steel strips and screws is essential to prevent slippage of the membrane on steeply sloped roofs. At the overlap area between the additional layer and the main roofing membrane, sealant and pressure-sensitive tape must be applied strictly according to requirements to create a double seal.

[0032] Please see Figure 4 The sealing quality of the overlap joints directly determines the overall integrity of the waterproofing system. During construction, it is essential to ensure sufficient overlap length (L) between the upper and lower layers of membrane. Before applying the sealant, clean the overlap surfaces with a dry cloth to ensure they are free of dust. The sealant should be applied continuously and evenly, without any breaks or uneven thickness. The subsequent application of pressure-sensitive tape should be centered and pressed firmly, and repeatedly rolled with a small rubber roller 3-5 times to ensure it adheres tightly to the membrane and sealant, without air bubbles or wrinkles.

[0033] This implementation method is based on a 30° slope and 200㎡ roof waterproofing project using pine wood (suitable for the climate conditions of Shenyang, with an annual rainfall of 600-800mm and an average temperature of -12℃ in the coldest month). Combining the requirements for fir wood base treatment and special working condition adaptation solutions, it elaborates in detail the complete construction process of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply sloped roofs. All operations strictly follow the technical solution of this invention and relevant industry standards.

[0034] I. Pre-construction preparations (a) Confirmation of roof foundation conditions Before construction, verify the roof structure parameters: purlin span 4.5m, spacing 600mm, overall roof flatness error ≤3mm / 2m, no obvious protrusions or depressions; drainage outlets are initially set at 1 per 100㎡, and will be adjusted according to the actual slope; confirm that there are no unsealed openings or debris accumulations on the roof, and that the outlines of nodes such as eaves, ridges, and gutters are clear and meet the construction benchmark requirements.

[0035] (II) Preparation of Materials and Equipment Core materials: Modified bitumen self-adhesive main roll with a tile-like texture (1.2m wide, 3mm thick), with an 800mm wide polyester base and additional waterproof layer; pine tongue and groove sheathing (treated with ACQ environmentally friendly preservative under vacuum pressure, preservative retention 4.2kg / m³), fir tongue and groove sheathing (moisture content 15%); 20mm×1.2mm 304 stainless steel strips, stainless steel self-tapping screws (50mm long), stainless steel screws (30mm long); two-component polyurethane sealant (solid content ≥90%), 50mm wide pressure-sensitive tape, Shore A elastic sealant with a hardness of 45; water-based thin-film fireproof coating (fire resistance limit ≥0.5h), pine-specific water-based anti-corrosion coating (adhesion ≥1.5MPa), fir-specific wood penetrant (solid content 75%), and matching primer (pine-specific 62% solid content, fir-specific 72% solid content).

[0036] Construction equipment: air sprayer (working pressure 0.4MPa), 55℃ hot air dryer, 20kg rubber roller, small rubber roller (diameter 80mm), high-pressure water gun (with adjustable nozzle, water pressure range 0-1MPa), laser rangefinder, moisture content meter, infrared thermometer, 60 / 80 / 100 grit sandpaper, 0.5MPa compressed air spray gun, marker pen, measuring tape (5m).

[0037] II. Base Pretreatment Construction (a) Unified operation of tongue and groove paving Lay tongue and groove roofing sheets sequentially from the eaves to the ridge along the roof slope, ensuring precise interlocking of the tongue and groove. Leave a 4mm expansion joint between the sheets, and stagger the joints of the upper and lower layers by 350mm. Use corrosion-resistant stainless steel self-tapping screws to fix the sheets at a 38° angle to the purlins, with a screw spacing of 400mm. Set two fixing points on each purlin for each sheet, and sink the screw heads 2.5mm into the sheet surface to avoid protruding and affecting the installation of the roofing membrane.

[0038] (II) Standardized Fire Prevention Procedures First, use a brush to remove dust and sawdust from the surface of the sheathing. Repair any scratches or holes on the surface with fire-retardant putty and let it sit for 2 hours until the putty has cured. Pour water-based thin-film fire-retardant paint into an air sprayer, adjust the spray gun to be 20cm away from the surface, and spray the first coat at a uniform speed in a back-and-forth motion to a thickness of 0.8mm. After air drying for 5 hours, spray the second coat to a total dry film thickness of 1.8mm. During the drying process, avoid dust contamination or rain.

[0039] (III) Surface Refinement Treatment Based on Material The base layer of Pinus sylvestris was prepared by measuring the moisture content of the base layer using a moisture meter. The initial average moisture content was 22%. After drying in a 55℃ hot air dryer for 3 hours, the moisture content was measured again and dropped to 15%. Manual inspection of the base layer revealed three 6mm deep rotten wood segments, which were removed with chisels. The surface was then smoothed evenly along the wood grain using 80-grit sandpaper. A special anti-corrosion coating for Pinus sylvestris was applied to the entire surface with a brush. The first coat had a dry film thickness of 0.18mm, and after 4 hours of surface drying, a second coat was applied, resulting in a total dry film thickness of 0.35mm. Curing time was 8 hours. Twelve gaps in the base layer were treated. Three gaps with a width of 4 mm were filled with 3 strips of pine wood with the same texture (3.8 mm wide, length adapted to the gap) that had been treated with the same anti-corrosion coating. Elastic sealant was then used to fill the other gaps. Nine dry cracks with a width of ≤3 mm were directly filled with elastic sealant. Finally, the matching primer was applied using the "cross method". After applying it horizontally, it was left to stand for 1 hour, and then applied vertically to ensure that there were no dead corners. After drying for 3 hours, the flatness error of the base layer was checked and found to be 1.5 mm / 2 m.

[0040] For the cedar wood base layer (alternative solution for rainy areas): First, use 60-grit sandpaper to coarsely sand away loose wood fibers on the surface, then use 100-grit sandpaper to finely sand until the roughness Ra=10μm; start the 0.5MPa compressed air spray gun and blow away dust along the direction of the gaps to ensure that there are no residual debris in the gaps; for the fine gaps with a width of 1.5mm, spray a spray-type elastic sealant with atomized particles of 80μm, keeping the spray gun 30cm away from the gap and moving at a uniform speed to ensure that the sealant covers the gaps evenly; apply a cedar wood penetrating agent, and after naturally drying for 2 hours, apply the matching primer, controlling the thickness of the primer application to 0.2mm, and after drying for 4 hours, proceed to the next step.

[0041] III. Marking and Positioning and Construction of Additional Layers Clean the pre-treated base surface, measure the width of the roll material to 1.2m with a tape measure, and use the ridge line and eaves line as references to mark the roll material laying reference line parallel to the ridge, with a spacing of 1.15m (leaving an overlap allowance). Mark a control line in the direction of water flow every 5m to ensure that the laying direction is straight. Lay an 800mm wide additional waterproof layer at the roof gutters, around dormer windows, and at the ridge nodes. The extension width of the additional layer along the outline of the node is 320mm, exceeding the edge of the node to meet the design requirements. Use a segmented pressing and bonding process to lay the additional layer, with each segment being 1.2m long. After peeling off the release film, quickly attach it to the base layer, and immediately use a 20kg rubber roller to slowly roll and vent air along the wavy valley line of the roll material at a rolling speed of 0.3m / min to ensure that there are no air bubbles or voids between the additional layer and the base layer, and that the edges are compacted in place.

[0042] IV. Laying and Sealing of Main Roll Material Based on a roof height of 6m, cut the self-adhesive roofing membrane to a length of 6.15m (including a 150mm overlap). Start laying from the eaves and work upwards. Secure the bottom of the membrane with 20mm x 1.2mm 304 stainless steel strips along the eaves line, using screws spaced 220mm apart and evenly distributed to ensure the strips tightly press against the membrane edges. Two workers work together, peeling off the membrane release film at a uniform speed of 0.5m / min and simultaneously laying the membrane upwards, while another worker follows closely behind with a 20kg rubber roller to press and compact it. The rolling direction should be consistent with the laying direction to ensure that the roll material is tightly bonded to the base layer and additional layers; the overlap length of the upper and lower roll materials should be controlled at 140mm, and the overlap width of the left and right roll materials should be 100mm. Before overlapping, wipe the overlap surface with a dry cloth to remove dust and moisture; apply two-component polyurethane sealant evenly inside the overlap joint, with a thickness of 2mm, without any breaks or accumulation. After it is surface dry for 15 minutes, cover it with 50mm wide pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, and roll it repeatedly 4 times with a small rubber roller to ensure that the tape, sealant and roll material are completely bonded, without bubbles or wrinkles.

[0043] V. Adaptation and Adjustment for Special Working Conditions Roof slope deviation handling: If the actual roof slope is found to be 27° during construction, which is 3° less than the designed slope, immediately adjust the laying direction of the main waterproofing membrane to be laid at a 15° angle to the slope direction; add an additional 500mm wide waterproofing layer in the lowest depression area of ​​the roof, with an overlap of 150mm between the additional layer and the original additional layer; increase the density of drainage outlets to one per 80㎡ to ensure smooth drainage and avoid water accumulation.

[0044] Enhanced treatment for rainy areas (suitable for areas with annual precipitation ≥1200mm): After the main roll material is laid and sealed and passes inspection, apply an additional layer of water-based polyurethane topcoat using the air spraying method. The spray gun should be 25cm away from the roll material surface, with a spray thickness of 1.0mm. Allow it to dry naturally for 12 hours to form a weather-resistant protective layer and improve the system's water permeability resistance.

[0045] Cold region adaptation treatment (suitable for areas with average temperature of the coldest month ≤ -5℃): Replace the main roll material with a modified imitation tile self-adhesive roll material that is low temperature-reducing and crack-free at -40℃; lay 50mm thick extruded polystyrene insulation board on the outside of nodes such as ridge and gutter, cut the insulation board into the shape that matches the outline of the node, apply elastic sealant between it and the corrugated roll material, and bond the bonded area ≥80% to ensure integrated insulation and waterproofing.

[0046] VI. Acceptance and Load Calculation (a) Acceptance of water spray test Adjust the high-pressure water gun to 0.4MPa, keep the nozzle 60cm from the roof surface, and spray water along the roof slope from top to bottom in sections, 50㎡ per section, for 45 minutes continuously. Focus on spraying the gutters, ridge, lap joints, and mechanical fixing points for 10 minutes. Arrange for one construction worker to observe from the attic below the roof, wipe the back of the sheathing and purlins with a dry towel, and check for dampness. Use an infrared thermometer to check the joint areas. If the temperature is uniform and there are no abnormally low temperatures, it is determined that there is no leakage.

[0047] (II) Load Calculation Verification Load calculations were performed according to the "Code for Design of Building Structures" GB50009. Input parameters included: additional static load of the waterproofing system 0.28 kN / m², live load 0.5 kN / m², snow load of Shenyang area 0.5 kN / m², and wind load 0.4 kN / m². Through structural calculation software analysis, the maximum bending stress of the wooden purlins was 15 MPa, which is less than the allowable value of 17 MPa, and the deflection was L / 300 (L=4.5m), which is less than the allowable value of L / 250. The anti-slip force of the roofing membrane system was tested to be 0.8 kN / m², which is greater than the component of the force perpendicular to the slope of the roof 0.6 kN / m². All indicators meet the safety requirements.

[0048] The entire construction process took a total of 8 days, which is 30% shorter than the traditional process. No waste was generated during the construction process, and the wood utilization rate was increased by 15%. After the system was completed, 12 months of follow-up observation showed that there was no slippage of the roofing membrane or leakage at the joints. The moisture content of the pine substrate remained stable at 14%, with no mold or decay. This fully verified the effectiveness, durability and environmental friendliness of the waterproofing system and construction method of this invention.

[0049] Example 1: Taking a waterproofing and renovation project of an existing pine roof with a slope of 30° and a roof area of ​​200㎡ in Shenyang as an example: S1: Base layer pretreatment (Pinus sylvestris): After inspection, 3 decay spots with a depth greater than 5mm were found, which were removed and the surface was smoothed with 80-grit sandpaper; The average moisture content of the substrate was 22%. After drying with a 55℃ hot air gun for 3 hours, the moisture content dropped to 15%. Then, FM-302 pine anti-corrosion coating was applied. The first coat had a dry film thickness of about 0.18mm. After 4 hours of surface drying, a second coat was applied, with a total dry film thickness of about 0.35mm. The coating was then cured for 8 hours. The 12 gaps on the base layer were treated: 3 gaps with a width greater than 3mm were filled with anti-corrosion wood strips and then glued; 9 gaps with a width less than 3mm were directly filled with elastic sealant. Finally, the matching primer was applied using the "cross-hatching method" and allowed to dry for 3 hours. The flatness error of the treated base layer was 1.5mm / 2m.

[0050] S2: Marking and positioning and construction of additional layer: After cleaning the base layer, use a chalk line to mark the baseline with a spacing of 1.15m according to the 1.2m width of the roll material, and set a water-following control line every 5 meters; Apply an 800mm wide TTR imitation tile roll layer around the gutters, dormer windows, and roof ridge, ensuring that it extends 300mm beyond the node outline. The process involves segmented pressing, with each segment measuring 1.2 meters in length. A 20kg rubber roller is used to fully press the material along the wavy valley line to expel air.

[0051] S3: Main membrane laying and overlap sealing: Based on the roof height of 6m, cut the membrane to a length of 6.15m (including 150mm overlap allowance). The roll material is fixed at the starting end with a 20mm×1.2mm 304 stainless steel pressure strip and screws, with a screw spacing of 220mm. The release film is peeled off and the roll is laid upwards at a speed of about 0.5m / min, and a rubber pressure roller is used to press it down closely. Overlap the top and bottom rolls with a thickness of 140mm and the left and right rolls with a thickness of 100mm. Apply a 2mm thick layer of TTR-SJ01 two-component polyurethane sealant evenly to all overlap seams. After the sealant is surface dry, cover it with a 50mm wide special pressure-sensitive tape and roll it repeatedly with a small rubber roller 3-5 times.

[0052] S4: Post-construction acceptance and load calculation: Seal the drainage outlet and conduct a 24-hour water spray test with a water depth of 50mm. No leakage was found after inspection. Water spray test: Step 1: Start the equipment, first adjust the water pressure to the set value (0.3-0.5MPa), aim at the edge of the roof (eaves) and start spraying, ensuring that the water flows down the slope; Step 2: Move the sprinkler head slowly in the order of “eaves → slope → gutter → ridge”, ensuring that there are no blind spots when spraying each area (sprinkler head moving speed ≤ 0.5m / min). Step 3: Intensive spraying of key areas: For areas such as the ridge, gutters, and lap joints, place the nozzle close to the surface (30-50cm away) and spray for 10 minutes (to specifically verify the double sealing effect). Step 4: Keep the drainage outlets clear throughout the process. If local water accumulation occurs (more than 5mm deep), stop watering that area, clear the drainage outlets, and then continue (to avoid water soaking the wooden base layer, which could cause the moisture content to exceed the standard). Core standards: The roof surface is free of water seepage and water accumulation; the interior wooden subfloor (sheathing, purlins) is free of dampness and mold; Auxiliary standards: No signs of moisture at the joints (gutters, ridges, overlaps); no water seepage around mechanical fixing points (verifying the effectiveness of the sealing components); Non - compliance handling: If leakage is detected, mark the leakage point, stop the test, rectify according to the construction process of the present invention (such as repainting sealant, strengthening lap joints, repairing additional layers). After rectification, conduct the water spray test again until it is qualified.

[0053] Load calculation shows that under the combined action of dead load (0.28 kN / ㎡), live load (0.5 kN / ㎡), snow load in Shenyang area (0.5 kN / ㎡) and wind load (0.4 kN / ㎡), the maximum bending stress of the roof purlin is 15 MPa (<17 MPa), the deflection is L / 300 (<L / 250), and the anti - slip force of the coil system is 0.8 kN / ㎡, which is greater than the vertical slope component force of the roof 0.6 kN / ㎡. All indicators meet the safety requirements.

[0054] Example 2 For a Chinese fir roof in a rainy area, after completing the unique fine grinding, dust blowing, spraying sealant and penetrant treatment of the Chinese fir base layer, after the main coil is laid and accepted, an additional layer of water - borne polyurethane top - coat with a dry film thickness of 1.0 mm is applied to further enhance the weather resistance and durability of the system.

[0055] The core of the present invention lies in: for the Chinese pine base layer with "local decay + poor adaptability of anti - corrosion coatings", a complete process of "decay removal - drying - special anti - corrosion coating - curing - gap treatment" is designed: Decay removal: First, use a utility knife or a wood chisel to remove the decayed wood segments with a depth > 5 mm to prevent the spread of the decayed area; for slight decay with a depth ≤ 5 mm, sand the surface decayed layer to expose the fresh wood to ensure that the anti - corrosion coating can effectively penetrate. Moisture content control: Use a wood moisture meter to detect the moisture content of the base layer. If > 18%, use a hot air gun at 50 - 60℃ (medium wind speed, 200 - 300 mm away from the base layer) to dry evenly, and detect once per hour until the moisture content drops to 12% - 18% - this moisture content range can not only ensure the penetration effect of the anti - corrosion coating but also prevent the base layer from cracking due to excessive drying. Construction of special anti - corrosion coating: Select a special water - borne anti - corrosion coating for Chinese pine (FM - 302), which contains copper azole anti - corrosion components, has strong adaptability to the texture pores of Chinese pine, and the adhesion ≥ 1.5 MPa, far higher than the 0.8 MPa standard of general anti - corrosion coatings; when brushing, use a wool brush to brush evenly along the wood grain direction to avoid missed brushing and running. After the first brushing, let it stand for 4 h to ensure that the coating fully penetrates into the wood. After the second brushing, the total dry film thickness is controlled at 0.3 - 0.4 mm, and the curing time is not less than 8 h. After curing, a continuous and dense anti - corrosion film is formed on the surface of the base layer. Gap treatment and primer application: After the anti-corrosion coating has cured, the gap width is checked visually and with a feeler gauge. Different treatment solutions are adopted for gaps of different widths to ensure that the gaps are tightly sealed. Finally, the matching primer is applied using the "cross method". That is, first apply one coat along the roof slope, let it dry for 1 hour, and then apply another coat along the vertical slope. The amount of primer is controlled at 0.2 kg / ㎡ to ensure that a uniform adhesive layer is formed on the base surface, providing good adhesion for subsequent roll material laying.

[0056] Comparative Example A pine roof with a slope of 28° was constructed using the existing method cited in the background section: general-purpose anti-corrosion coating was used, the roof rolls were laid without mechanical fixing measures, and the joints were treated with only a single layer of sealant.

[0057] Although a water spray test was passed shortly after construction, the following problems were discovered during a follow-up visit one year later: 1. In some areas, especially on the south facade where sunlight is intense, the roofing membrane slipped by about 10mm.

[0058] 2. Slight signs of leakage were found at the ridge joint.

[0059] 3. Testing at the grassroots level revealed that the moisture content in many places exceeded the standard, accompanied by signs of mold.

[0060] This comparative example confirms that existing technologies cannot meet the requirements for long-term safety and durability of steeply pitched wooden roofs, thus demonstrating the necessity and superiority of the technical solution of this invention.

[0061] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproof main roll layer, the additional waterproof layer, the wooden base layer, the mechanical fixing components, and the sealing components; The surface of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproof main roll layer has an imitation tile texture, and a self-adhesive layer is provided at the bottom. The additional waterproof layer is laid in the roof gutters, around the dormer windows, and at the ridge joints; The wooden base layer is a tongue and groove board made of Pinus sylvestris or Cunninghamia lanceolata that has undergone special pretreatment and fireproofing. The mechanical fastening components include stainless steel pressure strips and screws for fixing the lower end of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproof main roll layer, and stainless steel self-tapping screws for fixing the tongue and groove sheath. The sealing assembly includes a two-component polyurethane sealant and pressure-sensitive tape for lap joints, and an elastic sealant for base layer gaps.

2. The self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specialized pretreatment for wood-based substrates made of pine includes: Inspect and remove rotten wood segments with a depth greater than 5mm, and use 80-grit sandpaper to sand the surface along the wood grain. Apply water-based Pinus sylvestris anticorrosive coating to the entire surface of the sanded base layer. The first coat should have a dry film thickness of ≥0.15mm. After drying, apply a second coat with a total dry film thickness of ≥0.3mm. After the anti-corrosion coating has cured, fill and seal the gaps in the base layer, and apply a matching primer with a solid content of ≥60% using the "cross-hatching method". The preferred substrate for the Pinus sylvestris base layer is made of board treated with ACQ environmentally friendly preservative under vacuum pressure, with a preservative retention amount ≥4kg / m³.

3. The self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific pretreatment of the fir wood substrate includes: Use 60-grit sandpaper to coarsely grind away loose wood fibers, then use 100-grit sandpaper to finely grind until the roughness Ra≤12.5μm; blow away dust from the gaps with compressed air at 0.4-0.6MPa; spray atomized elastic sealant with a particle size of 50-100μm onto the fine gaps with a width <2mm; apply wood penetrant with a solid content ≥70%, and apply the matching primer after drying for 2 hours.

4. The self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the mechanical fixing components, the stainless steel pressure strip has a specification of 20mm×1.2mm and the screw spacing is ≤250mm; the stainless steel self-tapping screws are screwed into the purlin at an angle of 30°-45° to the surface of the sheath, with a screw spacing of 300-500mm. Each sheath has at least 2 fixing points on each purlin, and the screw heads are recessed into the surface of the sheath by 2-3mm.

5. The self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the sealing assembly, the width of the pressure-sensitive tape is 50mm; the Shore A hardness of the elastic sealant is 40-50; for dry cracks with a base layer width ≤3mm, the elastic sealant is directly filled; for cracks with a width >3mm, a wood strip with the same texture treated with the same anti-corrosion coating is first embedded, and then the elastic sealant is filled.

6. A construction method for a self-adhesive waterproofing system for roofs with steep slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Base layer pretreatment, including tongue and groove installation, fireproofing treatment and surface treatment; Step Two: Marking and Positioning, and Construction of Additional Layers; Step 3: Laying and sealing the main roll material overlaps; Step 4: Post-construction acceptance and load calculation.

7. The construction method of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step one, the tongue and groove paving is laid sequentially from the eaves to the ridge along the roof slope direction. The tongue and groove of the sheathing board are precisely interlocked, and a 3-5mm expansion joint is reserved between the boards. The joints of the upper and lower layers are staggered by ≥300mm. Fireproofing treatment uses water-based thin-film fireproof coating, which is applied in layers by air spraying. The spray gun is 15-25cm away from the board surface. The thickness of the first coat is 0.5-1.0mm. After natural drying for 4-6 hours, the coating is repeated until the total dry film thickness is ≥1.5mm. After surface treatment, the flatness error of the base layer should be ≤2mm / 2m. Before applying the anti-corrosion coating, the moisture content of the base layer should be controlled at 12%-18%. If the moisture content is >18%, hot air drying at 50-60℃ should be used.

8. The construction method of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step two, a baseline for laying the roll material and a control line in the direction of water flow every 5 meters are marked on the pre-treated base layer; the width of the additional waterproof layer is 800mm, and the extension width along the node outline is ≥300mm; the laying adopts a segmented pressing and bonding process, with each segment laying length ≤1.5m, and a 20kg rubber pressure roller is used to roll and press and release air along the wavy valley line of the roll material.

9. The construction method of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step three, the main roofing membrane is laid from bottom to top, with the bottom end of the membrane secured by stainless steel strips. The release film is peeled off at a speed of 0.3-0.8 m / min and the membrane is laid simultaneously. The overlap length between the upper and lower layers of membrane is 120-150 mm, and the overlap width between the left and right layers is 100 mm. Two-component polyurethane sealant is applied to the overlap joints, and the joints are covered with pressure-sensitive tape and compacted with a rubber roller. When the actual roof slope is 2-5° less than the design slope, the main roofing membrane is laid at a 15° angle to the slope direction. An additional 500 mm wide layer is added to the lowest depression area of ​​the roof, and the drainage outlets are increased to one per 80 square meters. In rainy areas with an annual rainfall of ≥1200 mm, an additional layer of water-based polyurethane topcoat with a dry film thickness of ≥0.8 mm is applied after construction. In cold regions with an average monthly temperature of ≤-5℃ in the coldest month, a modified imitation tile membrane with a low temperature of -40℃ and no cracks is selected. Insulation boards are laid on the outside of the joints and bonded with sealant.

10. The construction method of the imitation tile self-adhesive waterproofing system for steeply pitched roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step four, post-construction acceptance includes a water spray test, with no leakage as the passing standard; load calculation is carried out in accordance with the "Code for Design of Building Structures" GB50009, and the calculated load includes the additional static load of the waterproofing system of 0.28kN / ㎡, the live load of 0.5kN / ㎡, the regional snow load and wind load, which must meet the following requirements: the bending stress of the wooden purlins ≤17MPa, the deflection ≤L / 250, where L is the purlin span, and the anti-slip force of the roll material system ≥ the component of the roof force perpendicular to the slope direction.

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