Construction method and device for sinking and assembling a prefabricated pipe segment into a ring by using a shaft

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction, and discloses a construction method and device for sinking and assembling a ring by using a vertical shaft to excavate prefabricated segments. The application aims to solve the technical problems that the prior art has a long construction period, has a huge influence on the surrounding environment, has a sharp decrease in economy and safety, has poor adaptability to geology, has difficulty in sinking control, is easy to deflect, and has a large disturbance to the surrounding soil. The application comprises a ground structure and an underground structure. The ground structure comprises a slurry separation part, a segment lifting part and a cable bracket part. The segment lifting part comprises a plurality of lifting units arranged in the circumferential direction of a shaft mouth. The underground structure comprises a vertical shaft excavator main machine, a rotary propulsion system and a slag removal system. The vertical shaft excavator main machine comprises a main machine frame. A cutting part is installed at the bottom of the main machine frame. The cutting part is connected with a rotary drive part. A support shoe part is installed at the side of the main machine frame. The application has the advantages of fast construction speed, small operation site requirement, wide stratum adaptability, high safety, small influence on the surrounding environment and more advantages in investment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering construction technology, and in particular to a construction method and apparatus for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by sinking them through vertical shaft excavation. Background Technology

[0002] As urban underground space development continues to deepen, the demand for deep underground engineering projects is increasing. Traditional subway stations and tunnel boring machine (TBM) launching / receiving shafts are typically 20-30 meters deep. However, with the increasing depth of urban underground space development, next-generation underground engineering projects (such as deep drainage tunnels, ultra-deep subway stations, and underground logistics systems) require large vertical shafts extending to 50 meters or even over 100 meters, serving as TBM launching / receiving shafts, ventilation shafts, or equipment shafts. However, traditional shaft construction methods face significant technical bottlenecks and limitations when dealing with such ultra-deep, large-diameter projects that are highly environmentally sensitive and geologically complex.

[0003] Open-cut excavation (large-scale excavation) uses diaphragm walls or bored piles with internal bracing. In ultra-deep conditions, this method not only has a long construction period and significant environmental impact, but also drastically reduces its economic efficiency and safety. Caisson construction has poor geological adaptability, is difficult to control sinking, is prone to tilting, and causes significant disturbance to the surrounding soil. With the increasing complexity of urban environments and increasingly stringent environmental standards, the drawbacks of traditional methods are further amplified, and the industry urgently needs a new type of vertical shaft construction technology that is safe, reliable, efficient, environmentally friendly, and widely adaptable to different geological formations.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN202211665413.2 discloses a vertical shield tunneling system and its construction method with circumferential multi-head cutting, including a tunneling device, a traveling device, a suspension device, a slurry feeding device, and a slag discharge device, as well as several cutting edge boxes. The cutting edge boxes are connected to form a circular cutting edge box group, and the cutting edge box group matches the outer edge size of the vertical shield. The cross-section of the cutting edge box is inverted U-shaped, forming an inverted working cavity. A guide rail is provided on the top surface of the working cavity along the axis of the cutting edge box, and a channel is provided on the top surface of each cutting edge box.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned scheme has at least the following technical problems during implementation: the caisson method has poor geological adaptability, is difficult to control sinking, is prone to deviation, and causes significant disturbance to the surrounding soil. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a construction method and device for assembling precast tunnel segments into rings by using vertical shaft excavation and sinking. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, this disclosure provides a construction method and device for assembling precast tunnel segments into rings by sinking them through vertical shaft excavation. This solves the technical problems of existing open-cut methods using diaphragm walls or bored piles for internal support, which not only have long construction periods and huge impacts on the surrounding environment in ultra-deep conditions, but also drastically reduce economic efficiency and safety. Furthermore, the caisson method suffers from poor geological adaptability, difficulty in sinking control, a tendency to deviate, and significant disturbance to the surrounding soil.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a construction method for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking is provided, comprising the following steps. S1. Installation and Positioning: Construct the locking ring beam and install the cutting edge and suspension components at the preset wellhead position; S2. Initial Excavation and Support: The initial section is excavated using a shaft tunneling machine, and the first ring of precast segments is assembled simultaneously to form the initial shaft wall; S3. Cyclic tunneling and sinking: Under the control of the suspension assembly, the following cyclic operation is performed: a. Tunneling and excavation: Start the main unit of the vertical shaft tunneling machine, use the assembled shaft wall as support, excavate the lower working face, and discharge the slag and soil to the surface through the slag discharge pipeline to the mud-water separation component; b. Shaft sinking: The shaft structure, assembled from prefabricated segments, is sinked segment by segment using a suspension assembly; c. Segment assembly: After the shaft sinks to the design height of a precast segment, a new ring of precast segments is assembled on the ground and connected to the sunken shaft structure through suspension components; S4. Attitude monitoring and adjustment: During the cycle of step S3, the verticality and attitude of the shaft are monitored in real time, and the deviation is corrected by adjusting the lifting force of each suspension point of the suspension assembly or the excavation attitude of the shaft boring machine. S5. Final well treatment: After the wellbore is lowered to the design elevation, the bottom of the well is sealed and the well wall is backfilled.

[0008] In some embodiments of this disclosure, during the tunneling and excavation in step S3, the slag discharge mechanism is a mud circulation mechanism, which mixes the excavated slag and mud into a slurry and then pumps it to a mud-water separation mechanism on the ground for processing.

[0009] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the bottom sealing in step S5 is a concrete slab with a thickness of not less than 6 meters, to ensure the bottom's anti-buoyancy stability and load-bearing capacity.

[0010] A construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by sinking and excavating a vertical shaft includes a surface structure and an underground structure; The ground structure includes a mud-water separation component for separating the slurry generated during tunneling; the ground structure also includes a segment lifting component, which includes multiple lifting units arranged circumferentially around the wellhead for suspending and controlling the sinking of the well structure. The downhole structure includes a shaft tunneling machine main unit located below the segment lifting component, and the shaft tunneling machine main unit includes a main unit frame; A cutting component is installed at the bottom of the main frame for cutting the lower working face; The cutting component is connected to the rotary drive component, which drives the cutting component to rotate and excavate; The main frame is equipped with a support shoe component on its side, which is used to support and fix the main frame to the assembled well wall. The cutting component and the mud-water separation component are connected via a slurry discharge pipeline for conveying slurry; The segment lifting component is connected to the wellbore structure formed by assembling prefabricated segments via a suspension assembly.

[0011] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the segment lifting component includes six lifting units, which are symmetrically distributed and independently controlled along the circumference of the locking ring beam; each lifting unit includes a hydraulic lifting cylinder; the hydraulic lifting cylinder is connected to the steel strand winding and unwinding mechanism; a fixed base is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic lifting cylinder, and the fixed base is fixed to the embedded part of the locking ring beam by bolts.

[0012] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the cutting component includes a milling head whose rotation axis coincides with the shaft axis for 360° omnidirectional excavation; the support shoe component includes a plurality of hydraulic outriggers evenly distributed along the circumference of the main frame, and the ends of the hydraulic outriggers are provided with support shoe plates.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, an attitude monitoring component is also included, which includes a tilt sensor mounted on the wellbore. The tilt sensor and the segment lifting component are connected via a monitoring unit, and the action of the lifting unit is controlled according to the tilt data to adjust the wellbore attitude.

[0014] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a main unit recovery and lifting component is also included. The main unit recovery and lifting component is set independently of the segment lifting component and is connected to the main unit of the shaft tunneling machine via a sling for lowering and recovering the main unit of the shaft tunneling machine. The main unit of the shaft tunneling machine also includes a cable rack for storing and retrieving power supply and control cables. The cutting component, the slewing drive component, and the support shoe component are connected to a hydraulic station to provide power.

[0015] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the mud-water separation component includes a mud circulation pump set and a separation device, wherein the mud circulation pump set is connected to the working area of ​​the cutting component through the slurry discharge pipeline.

[0016] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the suspension assembly includes steel strands to connect the segment lifting component; the steel strands are connected to embedded parts at the top of the wellbore; the wellbore is assembled from multiple prefabricated segment rings, each segment ring including multiple side segments.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Excellent overall performance: fast construction speed, small work site requirements, wide geological adaptability (suitable for soft strata, easily disturbed and unstable strata and complex composite strata), high safety and little impact on the surrounding environment, more advantageous investment cost, can effectively solve the problems of long construction cycle and difficult precision control of traditional construction methods, especially suitable for restricted working conditions with limited construction site and high requirements for surrounding environmental protection. Complete technical system: It proposes ultra-deep prefabricated vertical shaft excavation technology using mechanical methods, along with supporting construction equipment and methods. By optimizing and integrating various construction processes, it forms a complete prefabricated segment tunneling construction system covering design, construction, and monitoring, which can directly guide on-site construction and ensure project quality and construction safety.

[0018] Construction efficiency and quality have been significantly improved: Mechanized cyclical operations of tunneling, sinking, and assembly have enabled simultaneous excavation and support of the shaft, drastically shortening the construction period. Precast segments are assembled on the ground, ensuring high precision in quality control, reliable shaft wall quality, and excellent waterproofing performance.

[0019] Safety is significantly enhanced: Throughout the construction process, personnel do not need to enter the hazardous area below the excavation face. All critical operations, including excavation, muck removal, and segment assembly, are completed on the ground or inside the protected shaft, resulting in a high level of inherent safety. The shaft boring machine's main unit is stably supported by support shoe components, ensuring stable operation.

[0020] Precise and reliable attitude control: By combining the shaft suspension mechanism consisting of multiple independent lifting units with attitude monitoring components, real-time, dynamic, and closed-loop control of the verticality and attitude of the massive shaft structure during sinking is achieved. The correction response is rapid, which can effectively ensure the accuracy of shaft completion and is particularly suitable for deep and large vertical shaft projects.

[0021] Good environmental performance: The mud-water separation system realizes the environmentally friendly treatment of slag and the recycling of mud, reducing environmental pollution and the cost of transporting waste soil.

[0022] Highly adaptable and with low overall cost: This method introduces the prefabrication and mechanization concepts of shield tunneling / TBM into vertical shaft construction, making it particularly suitable for complex geological conditions such as soft soil and water-rich strata. Due to its high efficiency, high quality, and low risk, it demonstrates significant comprehensive economic benefits in vertical shaft projects of medium to high depths. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by excavating and sinking a vertical shaft; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another perspective of the construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by excavating and sinking a vertical shaft; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a shaft excavation machine, a construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into rings by sinking and excavating a shaft; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the milling head structure of a construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into rings by sinking and excavating in a vertical shaft; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the segment lifting component structure of a construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by excavating and sinking them in a vertical shaft; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the main unit recovery component of a construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by excavating and sinking them in a vertical shaft; The components in the diagram are named as follows: 1. Slurry separation component; 2. Segment lifting component; 3. Shaft boring machine main unit; 4. Cutting component; 5. Rotary drive component; 6. Main unit frame; 7. Support shoe component; 8. Milling head; 9. Main unit recovery and lifting component; 10. Cable rack. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0025] This example discloses a construction method and apparatus for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 6 ; S1. Installation and Positioning: Construct the locking ring beam and install the cutting edge and suspension components at the preset wellhead position; S2. Initial Excavation and Support: The initial section is excavated using a shaft tunneling machine, and the first ring of precast segments is assembled simultaneously to form the initial shaft wall; S3. Cyclic tunneling and sinking: Under the control of the suspension assembly, the following cyclic operation is performed: a. Tunneling and excavation: Start the main unit of the vertical shaft tunneling machine, use the assembled shaft wall as support, excavate the lower working face, and discharge the slag and soil to the surface through the slag discharge pipeline to the mud-water separation component; b. Shaft sinking: The shaft structure assembled from prefabricated segments is sunk as a whole by controlling the suspension components; c. Segment assembly: After the shaft sinks to the design height of a precast segment, a new ring of precast segments is assembled on the ground and connected to the sunken shaft structure through suspension components; S4. Attitude monitoring and adjustment: During the cycle of step S3, the verticality and attitude of the shaft are monitored in real time, and the deviation is corrected by adjusting the lifting force of each suspension point of the suspension assembly or the excavation attitude of the shaft boring machine. S5. Final well treatment: After the well casing is lowered to the design elevation, the mud and water inside the well are drained, and the bottom of the well is sealed and the well wall is filled.

[0026] In the tunneling and excavation in step S3, the slag discharge mechanism is a mud circulation mechanism, which mixes the excavated slag and mud into a slurry and then pumps it to the mud-water separation mechanism on the ground for processing.

[0027] In step S5, the bottom sealing of the well is to pour a concrete slab with a thickness of not less than 6 meters to ensure the bottom's anti-buoyancy stability and load-bearing capacity.

[0028] A construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring by sinking and excavating a vertical shaft includes a surface structure and an underground structure; The surface structure includes a mud-water separation component 1, which is used to separate the slurry generated during tunneling; the surface structure also includes a segment lifting component 2, which includes multiple lifting units arranged around the wellhead for suspending and controlling the sinking of the well structure; The underground structure includes a shaft tunneling machine main unit 3 located below the segment lifting component, and the shaft tunneling machine main unit includes a main unit frame 6; The cutting component 4 is installed at the bottom of the main frame 6 for cutting the lower working face; The cutting component 4 is connected to the rotary drive component 5, which drives the cutting component 4 to rotate and excavate. The main frame 6 is equipped with a support shoe component 7 on its side, which is used to support and fix the main frame 6 to the assembled well wall; The cutting component 4 is connected to the mud-water separation component 1 via a slurry discharge pipeline for conveying slurry; The segment lifting component 2 is connected to the well shaft structure formed by assembling prefabricated segments via a suspension assembly.

[0029] The segment lifting component 2 includes six lifting units, which are symmetrically distributed and independently controlled along the circumference of the lock ring beam. Each lifting unit includes a hydraulic lifting cylinder. The hydraulic lifting cylinder is connected to the steel strand winding and unwinding mechanism. A fixed base is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic lifting cylinder, and the fixed base is fixed to the embedded part of the lock ring beam by bolts.

[0030] The cutting component 4 includes a milling head 8, whose rotation axis coincides with the shaft axis for 360° all-around excavation; the support shoe component 7 includes multiple hydraulic outriggers evenly distributed along the circumference of the main frame 6, and the ends of the hydraulic outriggers are provided with support shoe plates.

[0031] It also includes an attitude monitoring component, which includes a tilt sensor installed on the wellbore; the tilt sensor and the segment lifting component are connected through a monitoring unit, and the action of the lifting unit is controlled according to the tilt data to adjust the wellbore attitude.

[0032] It also includes a main unit recovery and lifting component 9, which is set independently of the segment lifting component and is connected to the main unit 3 of the shaft tunneling machine via a sling for lowering and recovering the main unit 3 of the shaft tunneling machine; the main unit 3 of the shaft tunneling machine also includes a cable rack 10 for storing and retrieving power supply and control cables; the cutting component, the slewing drive component and the support shoe component are connected to the hydraulic station to provide power.

[0033] The mud-water separation component includes a mud circulation pump set and a separation device. The mud circulation pump set is connected to the working area of ​​the cutting component through a slurry discharge pipeline.

[0034] The suspension assembly includes steel strands to connect the segment lifting components; the steel strands are connected to embedded parts at the top of the shaft; the shaft is assembled from multiple prefabricated segment rings, each segment ring including multiple side segments.

[0035] Conventional urban tunnel shield engineering mainly consists of shield launching shaft construction, shield receiving shaft construction, shield section excavation, and ventilation and drainage equipment installation.

[0036] The core process of the complete construction method centered on the shaft tunneling machine is as follows: using the shaft tunneling machine to carry out underground non-drainage excavation, controlling the lowering of the precast segment structure through special suspension equipment, and finally forming a complete ring shaft structure underground, forming a fully functional launching / receiving working shaft.

[0037] (1) System composition The vertical shaft excavation assembly system consists of ten core subsystems: excavation system, rotary drive system, outrigger support system, segment lifting system, main unit recovery and hoisting system, cable rack, mud circulation system, electrical system, hydraulic system, and mud-water separation system.

[0038] (2) Working principle Excavation and soil removal: The main system of the shaft tunneling machine is fixed to the shaft wall, and the shaft wall structure is used as temporary support. The cutting head is used to excavate the bottom face of the pit in all directions in 360°. At the same time, the mud circulation system is used to pump the slurry from the excavation face to the mud-water separation system to achieve slurry separation and recycling. Structural sinking: The suspension equipment is connected to the vertical shaft cutting foot through steel strands to suspend the entire vertical shaft structure in a controllable manner and precisely control the sinking speed; Segment assembly and attitude control: The well wall is lowered through the segment lifting system, and the prefabricated segments are assembled on the ground after each designed advance is reached; the attitude is monitored in real time using sensors and inclinometers, and the attitude of the well is adjusted by the extension and retraction of the cylinders of one or more sets of well lifting systems and directional excavation to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of vertical shaft excavation.

[0039] 2. Shaft excavator (1) Core parameters The tunneling machine's main unit has an overall height of approximately 11 meters and a total weight of approximately 200 tons. The largest indivisible component is the slewing drive assembly (weighing 80 tons). The specific dimensions and weights of each component are in accordance with the design documents. On-site assembly is divided into two parts: underground main unit installation and surface equipment layout.

[0040] (2) Core functions As a core excavation component, the cutting head (milling head) mainly performs two functions: ① cutting the strata layer by layer at the excavation face, strictly controlling the excavation outline and the particle size of the excavated soil; ② fully mixing the excavated soil and mud water to form a uniform slurry suspension, which facilitates subsequent pumping and separation.

[0041] 3. Shaft lifting equipment 1. Configuration Scheme Six sets of 500t-class lifting devices are used to suspend the well shaft structure via steel strands. The lifting devices are bolted to the embedded parts of the lock ring beam. The embedded parts are symmetrically distributed in six directions along the circumference of the lock ring beam to ensure uniform transmission of lifting force and to be responsible for the overall suspension of the well shaft, main unit and auxiliary equipment.

[0042] 2. Structural Composition It mainly includes a steel strand lifting cylinder, a fixed base, a hydraulic pump station, a steel strand winding and unwinding device, and an intelligent control cabinet.

[0043] 4. Overview of Lifting Equipment 1. Main crane configuration A 400T crawler crane was selected as the main lifting equipment, operating in the "main boom + superlift mast + superlift counterweight" mode (HDB mode): main boom length 42m, mast length 30m, superlift radius 13m, and maximum boom elevation angle 85°. The total weight of the equipment is approximately 520t (including crane tare weight 150t, rear counterweight 150t, central counterweight 40t, superlift counterweight 150t, and other components totaling 30t), specifically designed for lifting large components such as the main unit of a shaft boring machine.

[0044] 2. Wire rope for hoisting The hoisting and dismantling operations of the shaft boring machine use two types of 6×37-*-1870 steel wire ropes: ①Φ72mm×8m, used for hoisting the core components of the main unit; ②Φ26mm×10m, used for hoisting small components such as lifting equipment, auxiliary equipment, and cable racks.

[0045] 5. Prefabrication and assembly of annular tunnel segments (1) Assembly process The construction sequence adopted is "bottom first, then top, symmetrical assembly": first assemble the bottom segments, then symmetrically install the side and top segments, and finally hoist the capping block to form a closed well wall structure. During the assembly process, a laser positioning instrument is used for precise positioning to ensure that the segment assembly error is ≤2mm; a torque wrench is used to strictly control the bolt tightening torque to ensure the segment assembly accuracy and structural integrity.

[0046] (2) Process control and subsequent processing Dynamic control: Synchronously control the excavation speed of the shaft machinery and the sinking speed of the tunnel segments. By monitoring the verticality and attitude of the caisson structure in real time, dynamic adjustments are made using equipment such as hydraulic jacks to ensure that the verticality deviation meets the specifications. Gap filling: After the segments are assembled, cement mortar is injected through the pre-drilled holes in the segments to fill the gaps between the segments and the formation, thereby enhancing the stability of the well wall; Bottom sealing: After draining the mud and water from the well, pour a 6m thick layer of concrete to seal the bottom of the well, ensuring the bottom's anti-buoyancy stability and load-bearing capacity.

[0047] Although some preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0048] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A construction method for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Installation and Positioning: Position the construction lock ring beam and install the cutting edge and suspension components at the preset wellhead location; S2. Initial Excavation and Support: The initial section is excavated using a shaft tunneling machine, and the first ring of precast segments is assembled simultaneously to form the initial shaft wall; S3. Cyclic tunneling and sinking: Under the control of the suspension assembly, the following cyclic operation is performed: a. Tunneling and excavation: Start the main unit of the vertical shaft tunneling machine, use the assembled shaft wall as support, excavate the bottom of the pit at the working face below, and discharge the slag and soil to the surface through the slag discharge pipeline; b. Shaft sinking: The shaft structure, assembled from prefabricated segments, is sinked segment by segment using a suspension assembly; c. Segment assembly: After the shaft sinks to the design height of a precast segment, a new ring of precast segments is assembled on the ground and connected to the sunken shaft structure through suspension components; S4. Attitude monitoring and adjustment: During the cycle of step S3, the verticality and attitude of the shaft are monitored in real time, and the deviation is corrected by adjusting the lifting force of each suspension point of the suspension assembly or the excavation attitude of the shaft boring machine. S5. Final well treatment: After the well casing is lowered to the design elevation, the mud and water inside the well are drained, and the bottom of the well is sealed and the well wall is filled.

2. The construction method for assembling precast tunnel segments into rings using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the bottom sealing of the well is to pour a concrete slab with a thickness of not less than 6 meters to ensure the bottom's anti-buoyancy stability and load-bearing capacity.

3. A construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking, applicable to the construction method for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes surface structures and underground structures; The ground structure includes a mud-water separation component for separating the slurry generated during tunneling; the ground structure also includes a segment lifting component, which includes multiple lifting units arranged circumferentially around the wellhead for suspending and controlling the sinking of the well structure. The downhole structure includes a shaft tunneling machine main unit located below the segment lifting component, and the shaft tunneling machine main unit includes a main unit frame; A cutting component is installed at the bottom of the main frame for cutting the lower working face; The cutting component is connected to the rotary drive component, which drives the cutting component to rotate and excavate; The main frame is equipped with a support shoe component on its side, which is used to support and fix the main frame to the assembled well wall. The cutting component and the mud-water separation component are connected via a slurry discharge pipeline for conveying slurry; The segment lifting component is connected to the wellbore structure formed by assembling prefabricated segments via a suspension assembly.

4. The construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The segment lifting component includes six lifting units, which are symmetrically distributed and independently controlled along the circumference of the locking ring beam. Each lifting unit includes a hydraulic lifting cylinder. The hydraulic lifting cylinder is connected to a steel strand winding and unwinding mechanism. A fixed base is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic lifting cylinder, and the fixed base is fixed to the embedded part of the locking ring beam by bolts. The suspension assembly includes steel strands to connect to the segment lifting component. The steel strands are connected to the embedded part at the top of the wellbore.

5. The construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The cutting component includes a milling head, the rotation axis of which coincides with the shaft axis for 360° omnidirectional excavation; the support shoe component includes multiple hydraulic outriggers evenly distributed along the circumference of the main frame, and the ends of the hydraulic outriggers are provided with support shoe plates.

6. The construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an attitude monitoring component, which includes a tilt sensor installed on the wellbore; the tilt sensor and the segment lifting component are connected via a monitoring unit, and the action of the lifting unit is controlled according to the tilt data to adjust the wellbore attitude.

7. The construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a main unit recovery and lifting component, which is set independently of the segment lifting component and is connected to the main unit of the shaft tunneling machine via a sling for lowering and recovering the main unit of the shaft tunneling machine; the main unit of the shaft tunneling machine also includes a cable rack for storing and retrieving power supply and control cables; the cutting component, the slewing drive component and the support shoe component are connected to a hydraulic station to provide power.

8. The construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The mud-water separation component includes a mud circulation pump set and a separation device. The mud circulation pump set is connected to the working area of ​​the cutting component through the slurry discharge pipeline.

9. The construction device for assembling precast tunnel segments into a ring using vertical shaft excavation and sinking as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The wellbore is assembled from multiple prefabricated segment rings, and each segment ring includes multiple side segments.

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