An external-internal fixed-precision anchor injection type joint roadway floor heave prevention device and method

Abstract

The application discloses an external-internal fixed-precision anchor injection joint roadway floor heave prevention device and method, and belongs to the field of mining engineering support. The device is mainly composed of an anchoring nut, an anchoring tray, a roadway sidewall short anchor rod, a large-diameter truss anchor rod, a grouting hose, a nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve, an anchor rod rotary connector, a large-diameter high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve and an anchoring point. The device relies on the axial telescopic function of the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve and the ball hinge hinged structure of the anchor rod rotary connector to realize accurate grouting of joint fissures of different depths and inclination angles of the roadway floor, and can dynamically adjust the shape and stress state with the non-uniform large deformation of the floor, thereby avoiding stress concentration of the rigid structure. The construction is sequentially performed through four steps of roadway floor excavation, device installation, rock mass fissure grouting and device deformation adaptation, and the device is designed in a modular manner, so that the construction is convenient and the structure is durable. The application can realize source control and long-term stability of the roadway floor heave deformation, significantly improves the floor heave prevention capability of deep high ground stress and joint developed roadways, effectively guarantees the safety production of the whole life cycle of the roadway, and is suitable for floor heave prevention operations of various joint roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining engineering support, specifically relating to a device and method for preventing floor heave in jointed roadways with external resistance and internal stabilization and precise anchoring. Background Technology

[0002] In mining engineering, floor heave is one of the world's most challenging problems in deep resource extraction and tunnel support engineering. Tunnel excavation disrupts the original rock stress balance, leading to stress transfer and concentration in the surrounding rock. Under conditions of high ground stress, weak rock mass, groundwater, or intense mining activity, exposed floor strata are prone to plastic flow, fracturing, or structural bending, resulting in continuous upward heave and deformation. Floor heave not only drastically reduces the effective cross-section of the tunnel, severely hindering transportation, ventilation, and pedestrian safety, but it can also trigger a chain reaction of instability disasters such as sidewall inrush and roof subsidence, posing a lasting threat to mine safety and production, and incurring extremely high costs for subsequent remediation.

[0003] Currently, prevention and control technologies for roadway floor heave are mainly divided into two categories: passive support and active stress relief. Passive support technologies are represented by rigid anti-arch and floor anchor systems. Among them, while rigid anti-arch structures can provide high initial bearing capacity, their rigidity cannot adapt to the continuous rheological deformation of rock masses under high ground stress, making them prone to brittle cracking and eventual failure, and difficult to repair. Floor anchor systems have significant limitations in application. During construction, upward drilling faces difficulties in drainage and slag removal, resulting in poor hole quality and low anchoring efficiency. In the complex stress field and fractured rock mass environment of the floor, traditional anchoring components are difficult to adapt to the large deformation and repeated shearing action of the rock mass, easily leading to problems such as prestress loss, rod corrosion, or anchoring section failure, resulting in rapid decline in support performance. Another type of active stress relief technology, such as floor grooving or blasting stress relief, aims to release concentrated stress by artificially creating weak surfaces, but its stress relief effect and range are difficult to control precisely, which may disturb deeper rock masses, resulting in insufficient long-term stability and construction safety risks.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device and method for preventing floor heave that can actively apply force, provide real-time compensation, and coordinate with the deformation of the roadway floor rock mass, so as to achieve source control and long-term stability of floor heave deformation and ensure the safety of the roadway throughout its entire life cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and improve the adaptability of tunnel floor slabs to complex geological deformations, the present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of existing floor heave prevention technologies, such as poor tensile and shear synergy, weak dynamic deformation adaptability, and limited reinforcement range. It provides a tunnel floor heave prevention device and method that combines active restraint, passive reinforcement, and dynamic adaptation, thereby improving the long-term stability of tunnel floor slabs and ensuring the safe and efficient operation of underground engineering projects.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention relates to a device and method for preventing floor heave in jointed roadways using an external anti-internal solidification and precise anchoring injection method. The device includes an anchor nut, an anchor tray, short anchor rods on the roadway side, large-diameter truss anchor rods, a grout stop plug, an injection hose, a large-diameter injection hole, a nested telescopic injection positioning sleeve, a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod, an anchor rod rotation connector, a ball joint, a ball joint bolt, a large-diameter high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve, and anchor points.

[0008] The anchoring nut is tightened at the end of the short anchor rod on the roadway side and vertically abuts against the outside of the anchoring tray to lock the tension prestress;

[0009] The large-diameter, high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve is made of high-strength alloy structural steel, which is mainly used to bear the shear load of the bottom rock mass and ensure that the device maintains structural integrity during deformation.

[0010] The anchoring tray is obliquely welded to both ends of the large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve. It provides a flat surface perpendicular to the short anchor bolts on the roadway side, facilitating the tightening of the anchoring nuts and distributing the pressure of the nuts evenly to the tube wall of the deformation-resistant sleeve, so that the anchor bolts on both sides and the sleeve in the bottom plate are connected as a whole to jointly resist the deformation of the roadway floor.

[0011] The grouting hose is drilled from the upper part of the roadway floor and inserted into the large-diameter high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve. After being guided by the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve, the end is precisely connected and assembled with the large-diameter grouting hole.

[0012] The nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve adopts a multi-segment nested telescopic structure. The center of the sleeve is hollow, and the sleeves are fitted with a sliding seal. A large-diameter grouting hole is welded to the end of the sleeve and connects with the grouting pipe. The nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve can achieve multi-stage telescopic expansion in the axial direction, freely adjusting the depth of the grouting operation. In the radial and circumferential directions, it can be used with the anchor bolt rotating connector to achieve tilting swing, working in conjunction with the grouting pipe to complete precise grouting of cracks at different angles.

[0013] The anchor bolt rotating connector connects the large-diameter truss anchor bolt via a ball joint, and a ball joint bolt is provided on the ball joint. The small-diameter telescopic anchor bolt is screwed tightly to the ball joint bolt. The ball joint hinge structure allows the swing rod to swing flexibly within the range of 0°-90°.

[0014] Both ends of the large-diameter truss anchor are threaded and connected to the anchor rotation connector.

[0015] One end of the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod is screwed tightly to the anchor rod rotating connector, and the other end is inserted into the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve and connected to the anchoring point.

[0016] The anchoring point is a rigid anchoring structure formed by the curing of resin cartridges. It is set at the end of the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve. After being implanted through drilling and cured, the positioning grouting device is straightened and anchored in the deep stable rock mass of the roadway floor.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention integrates large-diameter, high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeves, various anchor bolts, and large-diameter grouting holes to construct an active and passive support system that combines active tensile and shear resistance with passive rock mass reinforcement, thus forming a three-dimensional constraint on the deformation of the tunnel floor.

[0019] This invention employs a nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve. Relying on the freedom of the ball joint and small-diameter telescopic anchor rod, the device can adjust its length and angle in real time according to the non-uniform large deformation of the roadway floor, ensuring that the support system continues to function in long-term rheological deformation. At the same time, it avoids the problem of insufficient filling and greatly improves the compactness of rock mass reinforcement.

[0020] This invention employs an anchor bolt rotating connector to connect the anchor bolt body, forming an adjustable flexible connection. When uneven or continuous floor bulging deformation occurs in the floor plate, the above structure allows limited sliding, swinging, and expansion and contraction between the anchor bolt body, grouting device, and anchor bolt body connecting device, thereby dynamically adjusting the shape and stress state of the device itself. This avoids stress concentration and early failure of rigid structures due to deformation incoordination, significantly improving the adaptability and durability of the support system to large deformation roadways.

[0021] This invention adopts a modular design, with key connection points all using mechanical locking, and the large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve is made of high-strength rigid material. The device balances ease of construction and durability, reducing subsequent maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a precision anchoring joint roadway floor heave prevention device for external resistance to internal consolidation during grouting and filling, provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of an external resistance-internal solidification-precision anchoring joint roadway floor heave prevention device for roadway operations;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor bolt rotating connector provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-diameter truss anchor provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slurry stop valve provided by the present invention;

[0027] In the diagram: 1—Anchor nut; 2—Short anchor bolt for roadway side; 3—Anchor tray; 4—Large-diameter high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve; 5—Anchor bolt rotating connector; 6—Large-diameter truss anchor bolt; 7—Stop grout valve; 8—Grouting hose; 9—Rock block; 10—Joint fissure; 11—Nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve; 12—Large-diameter grouting hole; 13—Anchor point; 14—Small-diameter telescopic anchor bolt; 15—Roadway; 16—Spherical hinge; 17—Spherical hinge bolt; 18—Thread; 19—Handwheel; 20—Valve stem nut. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described examples are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "middle," "lower," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms “installation,” “connection,” and “linkage” should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the external resistance and internal consolidation-precision anchor injection joint roadway floor heave prevention device during grouting includes a fixed support device, an anchor bolt connection device, an anti-shear device, a telescopic swing grouting device, an anchor bolt device, and an anchor point fixing device.

[0032] The fixed support device includes an anchor nut 1, a short anchor rod 2 for the roadway side and an anchor tray 3. The anchor nut 1 is tightened to the end of the short anchor rod 2 for the roadway side and abuts against the outside of the anchor tray 3.

[0033] The anchor bolt connection device includes an anchor bolt rotating connector 5, which is connected to the thread 18 of the large-diameter truss anchor bolt via a ball joint 16. The small-diameter telescopic anchor bolt 14 is clamped on the ball joint bolt 17. After adjusting the position of the telescopic swing grouting device, the ball joint bolt 17 is tightened to fix the small-diameter telescopic anchor bolt 14 on the anchor bolt rotating connector 5.

[0034] The shear-resistant device includes a large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve 4, which provides axial guidance for the internal support unit and withstands shear force through its own rigid material.

[0035] The telescopic swing grouting device includes a grouting hose 8, a nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve 11, a large-diameter grouting hole 12, and a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14. The small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14 is inserted into the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve 11 and connected to the large-diameter grouting hole 12. The telescopic nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve 11 adjusts the large-diameter grouting hole 12 to a suitable position. The grout flows into the large-diameter grouting hole 12 through the grouting hose 8 and fills the joints and fissures 10 of the rock mass 9 at different dip angles and depths.

[0036] The anchor bolt device includes a large-diameter truss anchor bolt 6, which can be continuously combined and lengthened with the anchor bolt rotation connector 5;

[0037] The anchor fixing device includes an anchor point 13. After the grouting point is adjusted, a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14 is passed through a large-diameter grouting hole 12, and resin agent is added to the end of the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14. Through curing and bonding, the telescopic swing grouting device is anchored inside the rock mass.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned external resistance and internal consolidation-precision anchoring joint roadway floor heave prevention device during roadway operation includes a fixed support device, an anchor body connection device, an anti-shear device, a telescopic swing grouting device, a variable diameter anchor device, and an anchor point fixing device.

[0039] The fixed support device includes an anchor nut 1, a short anchor rod 2 for the roadway side and an anchor tray 3. The anchor nut 2 locks one end of the short anchor rod 2 for the roadway side onto the anchor tray 3 in the roadway 15.

[0040] The anchor bolt body connection device includes an anchor bolt rotation connector 5, which is screwed into the thread 18 of the large-diameter truss anchor bolt via a ball joint 16.

[0041] The shear-resistant device includes a hollow shear-resistant sleeve 9, which withstands shear force through its own rigid material.

[0042] The anchor bolt device includes a large-diameter truss anchor bolt 6, which can be continuously combined and lengthened with the anchor bolt rotation connector 5;

[0043] The telescopic swing grouting device includes a grouting hose 8, a nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve 11, a large-diameter grouting hole 12, and a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14. The nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve 11 and the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14 are used to adjust the large-diameter grouting hole 12 to a suitable position. The grout flows into the large-diameter grouting hole 12 through the grouting hose 8 and fills the joints and fissures 10 of the rock mass 9 at different dip angles and depths.

[0044] The anchor fixing device includes anchor point 13. After grouting is completed, the telescopic swing grouting device is anchored inside the rock mass by the curing and bonding effect of the resin agent.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, when connecting a large-diameter truss anchor rod 12, the thread 18 of the large-diameter truss anchor rod 12 is screwed tightly onto the anchor rod rotating connector 5. When it is necessary to adjust the grouting angle, a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod 14 is rotated around the ball joint bolt 17 to a specific angle, and then the ball joint bolt 17 is tightened.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, when the large-diameter truss anchor rod is extended, it is connected to the anchor rod rotating connector 5 by tightening the threads 18 at both ends of the large-diameter truss anchor rod 7.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the grout stop valve achieves the function of stopping grout by turning the handwheel 19 of the grout stop valve 7 to tighten the valve stem nut 20 and close the grouting channel.

[0048] A construction method for an externally resisting and internally solidifying jointed roadway floor heave prevention device, which mainly includes the following steps when preventing roadway floor heave:

[0049] S1. Excavation of the tunnel floor: Based on the distribution of rock stress under the tunnel floor, the risk level of floor heave is determined by numerical simulation and the location of joints and fissures is identified before excavation. Drill holes are laid out in the shallow disturbance zone and deep fracture zone of the floor, and grouting holes are reserved.

[0050] S2. Installation of the prevention and control device: First, assemble the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve, grouting hose, large-diameter grouting hole, and small-diameter telescopic anchor rod into a telescopic swing grouting device on the ground. Then, place the telescopic swing grouting device into the joint fissures under the excavated tunnel floor. After adding resin agent to the end of the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod to anchor the telescopic swing grouting device inside the rock mass, extend the sleeve, grouting hose, and small-diameter telescopic anchor rod out of the tunnel floor. Then, in the excavated tunnel floor, install the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod, large-diameter truss anchor rod, grout stop valve, and anchor rod rotating connector according to the attached diagram in the instruction manual. Figure 1Installation is carried out, and finally, the entire support unit is installed into the tunnel floor using a large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve with pre-welded anchoring trays. The anchoring nuts on the short anchor rods of the tunnel side are tightened to lock the prestress, so that the device forms an initial active constraint with the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0051] S3. Rock fissure grouting: After the device is assembled, start the telescopic swing grouting device. Through axial extension and angular swing, the large-diameter grouting hole is precisely inserted into the joint and fissure zone of the rock mass at the bottom of the roadway, and the fast-setting high-strength grouting slurry is injected into the grouting hose. The slurry flows from the grouting hose into the large-diameter grouting hole and then into the joint and fissure of the rock mass. After solidification, it bonds with the rock mass to form a whole, forming a passive load-bearing reinforcement layer.

[0052] S4. Device Deformation Adaptation: When the roadway floor undergoes floor heave deformation, the large-diameter, high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve and the integral support unit assembly first actively resist shear and tensile deformation through their own rigid structure; if the deformation continues to increase, the above structure allows limited sliding, swinging and expansion between the anchor bolts and between the grouting device and the anchor bolts, thereby dynamically adjusting the device's own shape and stress state, so that the device always conforms to the deformation characteristics of the floor rock mass and maintains the active and passive coordinated support constraint effect.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device and method for preventing floor heave in jointed roadways using an external anti-internal solidification and precision anchoring injection method, characterized in that, The device mainly includes a fixed support device, an anchor bolt connection device, a shear-resistant device, a telescopic swing grouting device, an anchor bolt device, and an anchor point fixing device. The fixed support device includes anchor nuts, short anchor rods in the roadway side, and anchor trays. The anchor trays are inclinedly welded to both ends of a large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve. The anchor nuts are tightened to the ends of the short anchor rods in the roadway side and vertically pressed against the outside of the anchor trays. The anchor bolt connection device includes an anchor bolt rotating connector, which is connected to the large-diameter truss anchor bolt by threading through a ball joint. The small-diameter telescopic anchor bolt is clamped on the ball joint bolt. After adjusting the position of the telescopic swing grouting device, the ball joint bolt is tightened to fix the small-diameter telescopic anchor bolt on the anchor bolt rotating connector. The shear-resistant device includes a large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve, which provides axial guidance for the internal support unit and withstands shear force through its own rigid material. The telescopic swing grouting device includes a grouting hose, a nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve, a large-diameter grouting hole, and a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod. The nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve and the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod are used to adjust the large-diameter grouting hole to a suitable position. The grout flows into the large-diameter grouting hole through the grouting hose and fills the joints and fissures of the rock mass at different dip angles and depths. The anchor bolt device includes a large-diameter truss anchor bolt, which can be continuously combined and lengthened with the anchor bolt rotation connector; The anchor fixing device includes an anchor point. After the grouting point is adjusted, a small-diameter telescopic anchor rod is passed through a large-diameter grouting hole, and resin agent is added to the end of the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod. Through curing and bonding, the telescopic swing grouting device is anchored inside the rock mass.

2. The device and method for preventing floor heave in jointed roadways with external resistance and internal consolidation-precision anchoring as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The large-diameter, high-strength, hollow, deformation-resistant sleeve is a rigid tubular structure, and the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod can extend and retract in length. When it is necessary to adjust the grouting angle, the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod can rotate around the ball joint bolt with the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve. The large-diameter truss anchor rod, in conjunction with the anchor rod rotation connector, can be continuously combined and lengthened.

3. The device and method for preventing floor heave in jointed roadways with external resistance and internal consolidation-precision anchoring as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the large-diameter truss anchor rod have threads for connecting to the anchor rod rotation connector. The large-diameter truss anchor rod can be continuously combined and extended according to the tunnel size.

4. The device and method for preventing floor heave in jointed roadways with external resistance and internal consolidation-precision anchoring as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve adopts a multi-segment nested telescopic structure, which, in conjunction with the telescopic sliding cooperation of the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod, achieves axial telescopic adjustment and can control the depth of the grouting hole into the rock mass. At the same time, relying on the degree of freedom of the ball joint on the anchor rod rotating connector, the small-diameter telescopic anchor rod on the ball joint bolt, along with the multi-segment nested telescopic sleeve, can swing and adjust the inclination angle within the range of 0°-90°, providing more effective filling.

5. The construction method of the external resistance-internal solidification-precision anchoring joint roadway floor heave prevention device and method according to claim 1, when preventing roadway floor heave, mainly includes the following steps: S1. Excavation of the tunnel floor: Based on the distribution of rock stress under the tunnel floor, the risk level of floor heave is determined by numerical simulation and the location of joints and fissures is identified before excavation. Drill holes are laid out in the shallow disturbance zone and deep fracture zone of the floor, and grouting holes are reserved. S2. Installation of the prevention and control device: First, assemble the nested telescopic grouting positioning sleeve, grouting hose, large direct grouting hole and small diameter telescopic anchor rod into a telescopic swing grouting device on the ground. Then, place the telescopic swing grouting device into the joints and fissures under the excavated roadway floor. After adding resin agent to the end of the small diameter telescopic anchor rod to anchor the telescopic swing grouting device inside the rock mass, extend the sleeve, grouting hose and small diameter telescopic anchor rod out of the roadway floor. Then, install the small diameter telescopic anchor rod, large diameter truss anchor rod, grout stop valve and anchor rod rotation connector in the excavated roadway floor according to Figure 1 in the attached drawings of the instruction manual. Finally, in the roadway floor, use a large diameter high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve with welded anchoring tray to install the entire support unit inside the sleeve. Tighten the anchoring nuts on the short anchor rods of the roadway side to lock the prestress, so that the device forms an initial active constraint with the surrounding rock of the roadway. S3. Rock fissure grouting: After the device is assembled, start the telescopic swing grouting device. Through axial extension and angular swing, the large-diameter grouting hole is precisely inserted into the joint and fissure zone of the rock mass at the bottom of the roadway, and the fast-setting high-strength grouting slurry is injected into the grouting hose. The slurry flows from the grouting hose into the large-diameter grouting hole and then into the joint and fissure of the rock mass. After solidification, it bonds with the rock mass to form a whole, forming a passive load-bearing reinforcement layer. S4. Device Deformation Adaptation: When the roadway floor undergoes floor heave deformation, the large-diameter, high-strength hollow anti-deformation sleeve and the integral support unit assembly first actively resist shear and tensile deformation through their own rigid structure; if the deformation continues to increase, the above structure allows limited sliding, swinging and expansion between the anchor bolts and between the grouting device and the anchor bolts, thereby dynamically adjusting the device's own shape and stress state, so that the device always conforms to the deformation characteristics of the floor rock mass and maintains the active and passive coordinated support constraint effect.

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