A bionic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bionic interpenetrating aluminum alloy components and preparation method thereof, comprising: matrix and porous reinforcing framework, matrix fills and wraps all interstice of porous reinforcing framework, to form three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure;Wherein, porous reinforcing framework is bionic fractal dendritic tube structure, including tube body and N branch structure, the section of tube body is circular or square, N branch structure is evenly and spacedly distributed in tube body inside along the circumference of tube body, and one end of N branch structure meets and connects at the central axis of tube body, the other end is fixedly connected with tube body inner wall;Each branch structure includes K level branch, K≥1;When K≥2, each level branch in the 1st to the K-1st level branch is connected with two next level branches arranged in axial symmetry.The application significantly improves the fatigue resistance and fracture safety of three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure under complex alternating load and impact load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal composite technology, and in particular to a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloys, with their advantages of low density, high specific strength, excellent processing performance, and controllable cost, have become core structural materials in high-end equipment fields such as aerospace and rail transportation. However, traditional aluminum alloys generally suffer from an inherent contradiction of "strength-toughness": soft aluminum alloys, represented by 6061 and 5052, have good plasticity, toughness, and processability, but their tensile strength is limited and cannot meet the load-bearing requirements of heavy-duty structures; high-strength aluminum alloys, represented by 7075 and 2024, can increase their tensile strength to over 500 MPa through alloying and heat treatment, but this increase in strength is accompanied by a significant decrease in plasticity and toughness. Insufficient fracture toughness easily leads to brittle fracture under complex stress, and their processing is difficult and highly sensitive to the service environment.

[0003] To overcome the performance bottlenecks of single aluminum alloys, combining aluminum alloys with different properties to achieve "complementary advantages" has become an effective method. Existing methods for preparing composite aluminum alloys mainly fall into two categories: one involves mechanical composite processes such as rolling composite and explosive composite, where soft aluminum alloys are layered and spliced ​​with high-strength aluminum alloy sheets. While this method can balance strength and toughness to some extent, the interface bonding relies on mechanical interlocking, making it prone to defects such as delamination and peeling. Furthermore, the performance transitions between composite layers are abrupt, failing to achieve synergistic load-bearing. The other method involves using a casting composite method to disperse high-strength aluminum alloy particles or short fibers as reinforcing phases within a soft aluminum alloy matrix. While this technology can improve the interface bonding, the uniformity of the reinforcing phase distribution is difficult to control, leading to agglomeration and fluctuations in localized material properties. Simultaneously, the casting process easily generates internal defects such as oxide inclusions and shrinkage cavities, reducing the overall reliability of the material.

[0004] Furthermore, current composite technologies mostly focus on simple composite forms such as "particle / fiber reinforcement" or "layer splicing". For structural components that need to withstand complex alternating loads, it is difficult to form a stable load-bearing system, resulting in limited improvement in the overall performance of composite aluminum alloys, and making it difficult to meet the integrated requirements of high-end equipment for materials with "high strength, high toughness and high reliability". Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, this invention proposes a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component and its preparation method.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, comprising: a matrix and a porous reinforcing skeleton, wherein the porous reinforcing skeleton is made of high-strength aluminum alloy and the matrix is ​​made of high-toughness aluminum alloy, and the matrix fills and encapsulates all the voids of the porous reinforcing skeleton to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure. Among them, the porous reinforced skeleton has a biomimetic fractal tree-like tube structure. The biomimetic fractal tree-like tube structure includes a tube body and N branch structures. The cross-section of the tube body is circular or square. The N branch structures are evenly and spaced along the circumference of the tube body inside the tube body. One end of the N branch structures intersects and connects at the central axis of the tube body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tube body. Each branch structure includes K-level branches, where K≥1; when K≥2, each branch from level 1 to level K-1 is connected to two next-level branches arranged symmetrically at the end furthest from the central axis of the tube.

[0007] Preferably, the tube body is a cylindrical tube or a conical tube.

[0008] Preferably, the angle between any two adjacent first-level branches is α, where α = 360° / N, and the angle between any two adjacent k-th level branches is β. , k=2,…,K.

[0009] Preferably, the length of the k-th level branch structure extending to the inner wall of the tube is A. k The length of the (k+1)th level branch when the k-th level branch symmetrically derives from its end furthest from the central axis is B. k T=B k / A k , 0 < T < 1, and T remains constant in the branching structure.

[0010] Preferably, the wall thickness of branches at the same level is uniform, while the wall thickness of branches at different levels is designed in a gradient manner.

[0011] Preferably, the relative density of the porous reinforced skeleton is 10% to 50%.

[0012] Secondly, this invention also proposes a method for preparing a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, comprising: Establish a three-dimensional model of the porous reinforcing skeleton in the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component as described in any of the first aspects; Using selective laser melting technology, high-strength aluminum alloy powder is prepared into a porous reinforcing skeleton based on a three-dimensional model; A porous reinforced skeleton and high-toughness aluminum alloy powder are assembled in a spark plasma sintering mold. The assembled discharge plasma sintering mold is placed in a discharge plasma sintering furnace. Under vacuum or protective atmosphere, a preset temperature-pressure program is applied to carry out plasma sintering, which melts the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder and penetrates into the pores of the porous reinforcing skeleton to form an initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure. After the initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure was cooled to room temperature in the furnace, it was taken out and subjected to secondary heat treatment and dimensional processing to obtain the final three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure.

[0013] Preferably, selective laser melting (SLM) technology is used to prepare a porous reinforcing skeleton from high-strength aluminum alloy powder according to a three-dimensional model. Specifically, this includes: before printing, purging the forming chamber of the SLM equipment with high-purity Ar gas until the oxygen content in the forming chamber is ≤0.1%; preheating the printing substrate to 150-250℃; setting the laser parameters as follows: laser power 200-350W, scanning speed 700-1300mm / s, scanning spacing 0.09-0.16mm, and layer thickness 0.03-0.06mm; continuously printing the high-strength aluminum alloy powder layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model, laying a new layer of powder after each layer is printed, and repeating the operation until the porous reinforcing skeleton is completely formed; and removing the support, surface sandblasting cleaning, and heat treatment of the formed porous reinforcing skeleton.

[0014] Preferably, in the spark plasma sintering mold, high-toughness aluminum alloy powder covers the hard phase reinforcing skeleton.

[0015] Preferably, the particle size range of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder is 15-50 μm; the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder is dried in a vacuum environment at 90-110 °C for 2-4 hours before filling.

[0016] Preferably, the spark plasma sintering mold is a graphite mold, and its inner wall is covered with a boron nitride isolation coating with a thickness of 20-100μm.

[0017] Preferably, after assembling the porous reinforcing skeleton and high-toughness aluminum alloy powder into a spark plasma sintering mold, the method further includes: placing the entire spark plasma sintering mold on an ultrasonic vibration table and vibrating it at a frequency of 25-35 kHz for 15-25 minutes.

[0018] Preferably, the plasma sintering process includes: Apply a pressure of 3-8 MPa at room temperature and hold for 1-5 minutes; Hold at 320-480°C and 6-12 MPa for 2-8 minutes; Increase the temperature to 400-610°C at a rate of 50-100°C / min, while simultaneously increasing the pressure to 25-45 MPa, and maintain the temperature and pressure for 8-25 minutes.

[0019] Preferably, the insulation temperature should be at least 30°C lower than the melting point of the porous reinforcing skeleton.

[0020] Preferably, during the furnace cooling process, the temperature is reduced at a rate of 5-10℃ / min, the pressure is maintained at 280℃ during the cooling process, the pressure is released after reaching 280℃, and the furnace continues to cool down to room temperature.

[0021] This invention proposes a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component and its preparation method. This method combines a biomimetic fractal tree-like tubular structure with an aluminum alloy interpenetrating composite system. The porous reinforcing skeleton forms a continuous hierarchical load-bearing network, which efficiently transfers and disperses loads, giving the three-dimensional interpenetrating composite structure excellent load-bearing capacity in both the axial and radial directions. Meanwhile, the highly tough matrix filling the pores can fully absorb impact energy through plastic deformation, releasing its toughness potential and forming a synergistic mechanism of "hard phase resisting load - soft phase absorbing energy." This also overcomes the bottleneck of the mutual exclusion between "strength" and "toughness" in aluminum alloys, significantly improving the fatigue resistance and fracture safety of the three-dimensional interpenetrating composite structure under complex alternating and impact loads. Furthermore, this invention allows for precise control of the material's deformation mode and mechanical properties by adjusting geometric parameters such as the level of the branch structure, the number of branches, the wall thickness gradient, and the relative density of the porous reinforcing skeleton, adapting to the performance requirements of different load-bearing and energy-absorbing scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the branch structure in different embodiments of the present invention; wherein, (a) is K=1, (b) is K=2, and (c) is K=3.

[0024] Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of the biomimetic fractal tree-like tube structure in different embodiments of the present invention; (a) N=8 and K=1, (b) N=8 and K=2, (c) N=8 and K=3, (d) N=4 and K=1, (e) N=4 and K=2, (f) N=4 and K=3. Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Firstly, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, comprising: a substrate 1 and a porous reinforcing skeleton 2, wherein the substrate 1 fills and encloses all the gaps of the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure.

[0027] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 is a three-dimensional continuous network structure with a biomimetic fractal tree-like tubular structure. The biomimetic fractal tree-like tubular structure includes a tube 21 and N branch structures 22. The cross-section of the tube 21 is circular or square. The N branch structures 22 are evenly and spaced apart along the circumference of the tube 21 inside the tube 21. One end of each branch structure 22 intersects and connects at the central axis of the tube 21, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tube 21.

[0028] Each branch structure 22 includes K-level branches, where K≥1; when K≥2, each branch from level 1 to level K-1 is connected to two next-level branches arranged symmetrically at one end away from the central axis of the tube body 21.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown in (a), in one specific embodiment, each branch structure 22 includes a primary branch, each primary branch is radially distributed, one end of the N primary branches is connected to the axis of the circular tube, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the circular tube.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown in (b), in another specific embodiment, each branch includes a primary branch and two secondary branches. One end of the N primary branches is connected to the axis of the circular tube, and the other end is fixedly connected to the two secondary branches respectively. The other end of each secondary branch is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the circular tube respectively. The two secondary branches are axially symmetrical about the primary branch.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown in (c), in another specific embodiment, each branch includes one primary branch, two secondary branches and four tertiary branches. One end of the N primary branches is connected to the axis of the circular tube, and the other end is fixedly connected to two secondary branches respectively. The other end of each secondary branch is fixedly connected to two tertiary branches respectively. The other end of each tertiary branch is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the circular tube respectively. The two secondary branches are axially symmetrical about the primary branch, and the two tertiary branches connected to each secondary branch are also arranged axially symmetrically.

[0032] In some embodiments, the tube body 21 is a cylindrical tube.

[0033] In some other embodiments, the tube body 21 is a tapered tube.

[0034] In some embodiments, the angle between any two adjacent first-level branches is α, where α = 360° / N, and the angle between any two adjacent k-th level branches is β. , k=2,…,K.

[0035] In some embodiments, the length of the k-th branch extending to the inner wall of the tube 21 is A. k The length of the (k+1)th level branch when the k-th level branch symmetrically derives from its end furthest from the central axis is B. k T=B k / A k 0 < T < 1, and T remains constant in branch structure 22.

[0036] In some embodiments, the wall thickness of branches at the same level is uniform, while the wall thickness of branches at different levels is designed in a gradient manner.

[0037] In some embodiments, the wall thickness of the branch structure 22 ranges from 0.2 to 5 mm.

[0038] In some embodiments, the substrate 1 is made of a high-toughness aluminum alloy, and the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 is made of a high-strength aluminum alloy. Specifically, the high-strength aluminum alloy is a 7xxx series aluminum alloy, and the high-toughness aluminum alloy is a 5xxx series aluminum alloy.

[0039] In some embodiments, the relative density of the porous reinforcing skeleton 2, i.e., the percentage of its volume to the total volume of the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, is 10% to 50%.

[0040] This invention combines a biomimetic fractal tree-like tubular structure with an aluminum alloy interpenetrating composite system. The porous reinforced skeleton 2 forms a continuous hierarchical load-bearing network, which can efficiently transfer and disperse loads, giving the three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure excellent load-bearing capacity in both the axial and radial directions. Meanwhile, the high-toughness matrix 1 filled in the pores can fully absorb impact energy through plastic deformation, releasing its toughness potential and forming a synergistic mechanism of "hard phase resisting load - soft phase absorbing energy". At the same time, it breaks through the bottleneck of the mutual exclusion of "strength-toughness" in aluminum alloys, significantly improving the fatigue resistance and fracture safety of the three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure under complex alternating loads and impact loads.

[0041] Moreover, the present invention can precisely control the deformation mode and mechanical properties of the material by adjusting the geometric parameters such as the number of levels, number of branches, and wall thickness gradient of the branch structure 22, as well as the relative density of the porous reinforced skeleton 2, to adapt to the performance requirements of different load-bearing and energy absorption scenarios.

[0042] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, comprising: Establish a three-dimensional model of the porous reinforced skeleton 2 of the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component as described in any of the first aspects; Using selective laser melting technology, high-strength aluminum alloy powder was prepared into a porous reinforcing skeleton based on a three-dimensional model; The porous reinforced skeleton 2 and high-toughness aluminum alloy powder were assembled in a spark plasma sintering mold. The assembled discharge plasma sintering mold is placed in a discharge plasma sintering furnace. Under vacuum or protective atmosphere, a preset temperature-pressure program is applied to carry out plasma sintering, so that the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder melts and penetrates into the pores of the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 to form an initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure. After the initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure was cooled to room temperature in the furnace, it was taken out and subjected to secondary heat treatment and dimensional processing to obtain the final three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure.

[0043] The method for preparing biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy components proposed in this invention helps maintain the independence of the two-phase structure and ensures controllable interface properties. This invention allows the soft-phase aluminum alloy to rapidly penetrate into the three-dimensional pores of the hard phase below the melting point of the skeleton, avoiding the mixing and melting of the two phases and ensuring the independent performance of their respective advantages. This results in a single-step preparation of a well-bonded, fully dense biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component.

[0044] In some embodiments, selective laser melting technology is used to prepare a porous reinforcing skeleton 2 from high-strength aluminum alloy powder according to a three-dimensional model. Specifically, this includes: before printing, purging the forming chamber of the selective laser melting equipment with high-purity Ar gas until the oxygen content in the forming chamber is ≤0.1%; preheating the printing substrate to 150-250°C; setting the laser parameters as follows: laser power 200-350W, scanning speed 700-1300mm / s, scanning spacing 0.09-0.16mm, and layer thickness 0.03-0.06mm; continuously printing the high-strength aluminum alloy powder layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model, laying a new layer of powder after each layer is printed, and repeating the operation until the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 is completely formed; and removing the support, surface sandblasting cleaning, and heat treatment of the formed porous reinforcing skeleton 2.

[0045] In some embodiments, in a spark plasma sintering mold, high-toughness aluminum alloy powder covers a hard phase reinforcing skeleton.

[0046] In some embodiments, the particle size range of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder is 15-50 μm.

[0047] It should be understood that high-toughness aluminum alloy powder needs to be dried in a vacuum environment at 90-110 °C for 2-4 hours before filling.

[0048] In some embodiments, the spark plasma sintering mold is a graphite mold, and its inner wall is covered with a boron nitride isolation coating with a thickness of 20-100 μm to prevent the components from sticking to the inner wall of the mold at high temperatures.

[0049] In some embodiments, after assembling the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 and the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder in a spark plasma sintering mold, the method further includes: placing the entire spark plasma sintering mold on an ultrasonic vibration table and vibrating it at a frequency of 25-35 kHz for 15-25 minutes to allow the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder to fully fill the pores inside the porous reinforcing skeleton 2.

[0050] In some embodiments, the plasma sintering process includes: Apply a pressure of 3-8 MPa at room temperature and hold for 1-5 minutes to achieve preliminary forming of the powder blank; The material is held at 320-480°C and 6-12 MPa for 2-8 minutes to achieve preliminary pre-sintering. The temperature is increased to 400-610°C at a rate of 50-100°C / min, while the pressure is increased to 25-45 MPa and held at the temperature and pressure for 8-25 minutes to achieve the flow and penetration of high-toughness aluminum alloy. The interface bonding and element diffusion of the two aluminum alloys are controlled by controlling the temperature and duration of this stage.

[0051] In a further embodiment, the insulation temperature should be at least 30°C lower than the melting point of the porous reinforcing skeleton 2; In some embodiments, during furnace cooling, the temperature is reduced at a rate of 5-10°C / min, the pressure is maintained at 280°C during the cooling process, the pressure is released after reaching 280°C, and the furnace continues to cool down to room temperature.

[0052] The present invention will now be described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment proposes a method for preparing a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, including: S1. Establish a three-dimensional model of the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 of the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component; The biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component includes a porous reinforcing skeleton 2 and a substrate 1. The porous reinforcing skeleton 2 is made of 7075 series high-strength aluminum alloy, and the substrate 1 is made of 5052 series high-toughness aluminum alloy. The specific structural parameters are as follows: the overall shape is a cylinder with a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 60 mm; the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 adopts a biomimetic fractal tree-like circular tube structure, including N=6 first-level branches, with an included angle of 60° between the centers of adjacent main branches, and each first-level branch symmetrically derives 2 second-level branches; the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 has a uniform overall wall thickness of 0.8 mm. S2. Using selective laser melting technology, high-strength aluminum alloy powder is prepared into a porous reinforcing skeleton 2 based on a three-dimensional model; 7075 aluminum alloy powder with a particle size of 15-53μm is selected as the high-strength aluminum alloy powder for printing. Specifically, before printing, the forming chamber of the selective laser melting equipment (model: SLM Solutions 280) was purged with high-purity Ar gas until the oxygen content in the forming chamber dropped to 0.08%; the 45# steel printing substrate was preheated to 200℃ and kept at a stable temperature; the laser parameters were set as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 1000mm / s, scanning spacing 0.12mm, and layer thickness 0.04mm; according to the three-dimensional model, high-strength aluminum alloy powder was continuously printed in layers, with a new layer of powder laid after each layer was printed, and the operation was repeated until the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 was completely formed; after forming, the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 was removed, the 45# steel printing substrate support was removed by wire cutting, the surface burrs were polished with 200-grit sandpaper, and then it was cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner (acetone medium) for 15 minutes to obtain the porous reinforcing skeleton 2 of 7075 aluminum alloy with a three-dimensional interconnected hole structure; S3. The porous reinforcing skeleton 2 and the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder are assembled in a spark plasma sintering mold. Specifically, a graphite mold with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a height of 70 mm was selected, and a boron nitride isolation coating with a thickness of 50 μm was evenly coated on its inner wall and air-dried at room temperature. 5052 aluminum alloy powder with a median particle size of 20 μm was selected, placed in a vacuum drying oven at 100℃ and dried for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature for later use. The porous reinforcing skeleton 2 was placed in the center of the graphite mold, and the dried 5052 aluminum alloy powder was filled around it. Then the entire mold was placed on a 30 kHz ultrasonic vibration table and vibrated for 20 minutes to ensure that the 5052 aluminum alloy powder was fully filled into the pores of the porous reinforcing skeleton 2. S4. Place the assembled spark plasma sintering mold into the spark plasma sintering furnace (model: SPS-10-4), close the furnace door, and evacuate the furnace until... Start the temperature-pressure program; In the first stage of the temperature-pressure program: a pressure of 5 MPa is applied at room temperature and held for 2 minutes to achieve preliminary forming of the powder blank; in the second stage: the temperature is raised to 400℃, the pressure is increased to 9 MPa, and the temperature and pressure are held for 5 minutes to complete degassing and preliminary pre-sintering of aluminum powder; in the third stage: the temperature is raised to 550℃ at a rate of 75℃ / min, while the pressure is increased to 35 MPa and held for 15 minutes to allow the 5052 aluminum alloy to completely melt and penetrate into the pores of the preform, forming a dense initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure; in the cooling stage: the temperature is lowered at a rate of 8℃ / min, and the pressure is maintained at 35 MPa until the temperature reaches 280℃. After reaching 280℃, the pressure is released and the temperature continues to decrease with the furnace.

[0055] S5. After the initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure is cooled to room temperature in the furnace, it is removed and subjected to peak aging treatment (120°C, 24h), i.e., T6 heat treatment, to maximize the strength of the hard phase framework. Finally, the outer surface is finely ground to the target size to obtain the final three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, characterized in that, include: The matrix and the porous reinforcing skeleton are made of high-strength aluminum alloy and the matrix is ​​made of high-toughness aluminum alloy. The matrix fills and encapsulates all the voids in the porous reinforcing skeleton to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure. Among them, the porous reinforced skeleton has a biomimetic fractal tree-like tube structure. The biomimetic fractal tree-like tube structure includes a tube body and N branch structures. The cross-section of the tube body is circular or square. The N branch structures are evenly and spaced along the circumference of the tube body inside the tube body. One end of the N branch structures intersects and connects at the central axis of the tube body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tube body. Each branch structure includes K-level branches, where K≥1; when K≥2, each branch from level 1 to level K-1 is connected to two next-level branches arranged symmetrically at the end furthest from the central axis of the tube.

2. The biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tube body is either cylindrical or conical.

3. The biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between any two adjacent first-level branches is α, where α = 360° / N, and the angle between any two adjacent k-th level branches is β. , k=2,…,K.

4. The biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the k-th level branch structure extending to the inner wall of the tube is A. k The length of the (k)th level branch when it symmetrically derives a (+1)th level branch at the end furthest from the central axis is B. k T=B k / A k , 0 < T < 1, and T remains constant in the branching structure.

5. The biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall thickness of branches at the same level is uniform, while the wall thickness of branches at different levels is designed in a gradient manner.

6. The biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relative density of the porous reinforced skeleton is 10% to 50%.

7. A method for preparing a biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component, characterized in that, include: Establish a three-dimensional model of the porous reinforcing skeleton in the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component as described in any one of claims 1-6; Using selective laser melting technology, high-strength aluminum alloy powder is prepared into a porous reinforcing skeleton based on a three-dimensional model; A porous reinforced skeleton and high-toughness aluminum alloy powder are assembled in a spark plasma sintering mold. The assembled discharge plasma sintering mold is placed in a discharge plasma sintering furnace. Under vacuum or protective atmosphere, a preset temperature-pressure program is applied to carry out plasma sintering, which melts the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder and penetrates into the pores of the porous reinforcing skeleton to form an initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure. After the initial three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure was cooled to room temperature in the furnace, it was taken out and subjected to secondary heat treatment and dimensional processing to obtain the final three-dimensional interpenetrating phase composite structure.

8. The method for preparing the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 7, characterized in that, Using selective laser melting (SLM) technology, a porous reinforcing skeleton is prepared from high-strength aluminum alloy powder based on a 3D model. The process includes: before printing, purging the forming chamber of the SLM equipment with high-purity Ar gas until the oxygen content inside the chamber is ≤0.1%; preheating the printing substrate to 150-250℃; setting the laser parameters as follows: laser power 200-350W, scanning speed 700-1300mm / s, scanning spacing 0.09-0.16mm, and layer thickness 0.03-0.06mm; continuously printing the high-strength aluminum alloy powder layer by layer according to the 3D model, laying a new layer after each layer is printed, repeating the operation until the porous reinforcing skeleton is fully formed; and then removing the supports, sandblasting the surface, and heat treating the formed porous reinforcing skeleton.

9. The method for preparing the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 7, characterized in that, In a spark plasma sintering mold, high-toughness aluminum alloy powder covers a hard phase to reinforce the skeleton. Preferably, the particle size range of the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder is 15-50 μm; the high-toughness aluminum alloy powder is dried in a vacuum environment at 90-110 °C for 2-4 hours before filling. Preferably, the spark plasma sintering mold is a graphite mold, and its inner wall is covered with a boron nitride isolation coating with a thickness of 20-100μm; Preferably, after assembling the porous reinforcing skeleton and high-toughness aluminum alloy powder into a spark plasma sintering mold, the method further includes: placing the entire spark plasma sintering mold on an ultrasonic vibration table and vibrating it at a frequency of 25-35 kHz for 15-25 minutes.

10. The method for preparing the biomimetic interpenetrating aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma sintering process includes: Apply a pressure of 3-8 MPa at room temperature and hold for 1-5 minutes; Hold at 320-480°C and 6-12 MPa for 2-8 minutes; Increase the temperature to 400-610°C at a rate of 50-100°C / min, while simultaneously increasing the pressure to 25-45 MPa, and maintain the temperature and pressure for 8-25 minutes. Preferably, the insulation temperature should be at least 30°C lower than the melting point of the porous reinforced skeleton; Preferably, during the furnace cooling process, the temperature is reduced at a rate of 5-10℃ / min, the pressure is maintained at 280℃ during the cooling process, the pressure is released after reaching 280℃, and the furnace continues to cool down to room temperature.

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